of the lipid bilayer are indicated by red and blue dots. A membraneprotein is a protein molecule .... Membrane transport protein Transport protein s play an important role in the maintenance of concentrations ... bilayer or with integral membrane proteins Lipid anchored protein s bound to lipid bilayer bound .... Integral membrane proteins Integral membraneprotein s are permanently attached to the membrane. They can ... proteins with known 3D structure to different membrane types ref Membraneprotein complexes Membrane ... their function and regulation. Reoccurring in recent literature are the ideas that membraneprotein ..., and membrane proteins can be interchanged in existing complexes. Membraneprotein complexes ... preventing damaging interactions they could cause. Membraneprotein complexes are not fixed entities ..., 18 420 424. ref Assembly of membraneprotein There are two different types of membrane proteins depending upon the synthesis it undergoes and they are Constitutive membraneprotein and non constitutive membraneprotein. Constitutive membraneprotein The messengerRNA attaches to the translocon which ... in the bilayer membrane. When the protein is left in the membrane bilayer more protein folding occurs creating its final 3D structure White . Non constitutive membraneprotein Examples of non ... Principle of MembraneProtein Folding and Stability. Stephen White Laboratory Homepage. 10 Nov. 2009. web. ref Membraneprotein structures In membrane proteins the two known structural classes of membrane ... environment. The influence of the environment on membraneprotein structures is especially ... has been particularly challenging as shown by the low number of membraneprotein structures determined ... for existing structural methodologies. Many of the successful membraneprotein structures are characterized ... conditions that can be chosen for crystallization and for solution NMR. All membraneprotein ... of Solubilizing Environments on MembraneProtein Structures ref See also Integral membraneprotein ... more details
Membrane fusion proteins are membrane proteins which cause more than one membrane to combine. Examples include SNARE protein , such as Vesicle associated membraneprotein VAMP Gp41 See also Fusion protein Interbilayer Forces in Membrane Fusion External links MeshName Membrane fusion proteins Membrane proteins Category Membrane proteins membraneprotein stub ... more details
File transmembrane receptor.svg thumb right E extracellular space P plasma membrane I intracellular space An integral membraneprotein IMP is a protein molecule or assembly of proteins that is permanently attached to the biological membrane . Proteins that cross the membrane are surrounded by annular lipids, which are defined as lipids that are in direct contact with a membraneprotein. Such proteins ... in the Protein Data Bank . Their membrane anchoring helices have been removed to facilitate the extraction and Protein crystallization crystallization . Search http www.ebi.ac.uk pdbe srv PDBeXplore go ?GO go 0016021 integral membrane proteins in the PDB based on gene ontology classification IMPs can be divided into two groups Integral polytopic protein s Transmembrane proteins Integral ... of IMP is the transmembrane protein TM , which spans the entire biological membrane . Single pass membrane ... protein structures and to develop techniques for use in structural biology , including for membrane ... Function IMPs include Membrane transport protein transporters , linkers, Ion channel channels , Receptor ... proteins Glycophorin Rhodopsin Band 3 CD36 GPR30 See also Membraneprotein s Transmembrane protein s Peripheral membraneprotein s Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database Hydrophilicity plot s Inner ... 7007 7 50 The Human Membrane Proteome A comprehensive article covering the transmembrane protein component ... laboratory Cell membranes DEFAULTSORT Integral MembraneProtein Category Membrane biology Category Integral membrane proteins Category Protein structure ar ca Prote na integral de ... wide analysis of integral membrane proteins from eubacterial, archaean, and eukaryotic organisms journal Protein Science volume 7 issue 4 pages 1029 38 year 1998 pmid 9568909 pmc 2143985 doi 10.1002 pro.5560070420 ref All transmembrane protein s are IMPs, but not all IMPs are transmembrane proteins ... integral membrane proteins are currently determined at atomic resolution by X ray crystallography ... more details
Vesicle associated membrane proteins VAMP are a family of SNARE protein SNARE proteins with similar structure, and are mostly involved in vesicle fusion . VAMP1 and VAMP2 proteins known as synaptobrevin s are expressed in brain and are constituents of the synaptic vesicles, where they participate in exocytosis neuromediator release . VAMP3 known as cellubrevin is ubiquitously expressed and participates in regulated and constitutive exocytosis as a constituent of secretory granules and secretory vesicles. VAMP5 and VAMP7 SYBL1 participate in constitutive exocytosis. VAMP5 is a constituent of secretory vesicles, myotubes and tubulovesicular structures. VAMP7 is found both in secretory granules and endosomes. VAMP8 known as endobrevin participates in endocytosis and is found in early endosomes. VAMP8 also participates the regulated exocytosis in pancreatic acinar cells. VAMP4 is involved in transport from the Golgi. ref cite journal author Steegmaier M, Klumperman J, Foletti DL, Yoo JS, Scheller RH title Vesicle associated membraneprotein 4 is implicated in trans Golgi network vesicle trafficking journal Mol. Biol. Cell volume 10 issue 6 pages 1957 72 year 1999 pmid 10359608 doi pmc 25394 ref References references External links MeshName Vesicle Associated MembraneProtein 1 Membrane proteins Vesicular transport proteins Category Membrane proteins membraneprotein stub ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 A membrane transport protein or simply transporter is a membraneprotein ref MeshName Membrane transport proteins ref involved in the movement of ion s, small molecule s, or macromolecule s, such as another protein across a biological membrane . Transport proteins are integral membraneprotein s that is they exist within and span the membrane across which they transport substances. The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion or active transport . These mechanisms of action are known as carrier mediated transport . ref http www.answers.com topic carrier mediated transport Carrier mediated transport , Answers.com ref Types Image Scheme facilitated diffusion in cell membrane en.svg right thumb 400px Facilitated diffusion Grouped by Transporter Classification database categories 1 Channels Pores Facilitated diffusion 2 Electrochemical Potential driven transporters Mitochondrial membrane transport protein Glucose transporter Neurotransmitter transporter s Glutamate transporter Glutamate aspartate transporter s GABA transporter s Glycine transporter s Monoamine transporter s, including Dopamine transporter DAT Norepinephrine transporter NET Serotonin transporter SERT Vesicular monoamine transporter s VMAT Equilibrative nucleoside transporter Adenosine transporter s Vesicular acetylcholine transporter VAChT 3 Primary Active Transporters ATP binding cassette transporter genes P glycoprotein CD98 V ATPase Ion transporter s Na K ATPase Plasma membrane Ca2 ATPase Plasma membrane Ca sup 2 sup ATPase Proton pump Hydrogen potassium ... transport protein Wikipedia MeSH D12.776 MeSH D12.776.157.530 membrane transport proteins References reflist External links DorlandsDict seven 000087339 Transport protein Carrier proteins Ion channels Membrane transport proteins Neurotransmitter transporters ABC transporters Ion pumps Category Transport ... Systems 9.A.50 Karyopherin Ungrouped CD36 See also Carrier protein Co transport Cotransport Cotransporter ... more details
Pfam box Symbol Porin OmpG Name Outer membraneprotein G OmpG image 2iwv.gif width 220 caption Pfam PF09381 InterPro SMART Prosite SCOP 2iwv TCDB 1.B.21 OPM family 181 OPM protein 2iwv PDB Outer membraneprotein G OmpG is a porin protein porin , a channel proteins in the Bacterial outer membrane outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria . Escherichia coli OmpG forms a 14 stranded beta barrel and in contrast to most porins, appears to function as a monomer. ref name pmid16797588 cite journal author Subbarao GV, van den Berg B title Crystal structure of the monomeric porin OmpG journal J. Mol. Biol. volume 360 issue 4 pages 750 9 year 2006 month July pmid 16797588 doi 10.1016 j.jmb.2006.05.045 url ref The central pore of OmpG is wider than other E. coli porins and it is speculated that it may form a non specific channel for the transport of larger oligosaccharide s. ref name pmid16797588 cite journal author Subbarao GV, van den Berg B title Crystal structure of the monomeric porin OmpG journal J. Mol. Biol. volume 360 issue 4 pages 750 9 year 2006 month July pmid 16797588 doi 10.1016 j.jmb.2006.05.045 url ref References reflist Category Protein domains Category Protein families Category Outer membrane proteins membraneprotein stub InterPro content ... more details
Mitochondrial membrane transport proteins are protein s which exist in the plasma membrane membranes of mitochondria and which serve to transport ref MeshName Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins ref molecule s and other factors such as ion s into or out of the organelles. Examples Examples of mitochondrial transport protein s include the following The mitochondrial permeability transition mitochondrial permeability transition pore , which opens in response to increased mitochondrial calcium Ca sup 2 sup load and oxidative stress ref name Crompton Crompton M. 1999. http www.biochemj.org bj 341 0233 bj3410233.htm The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its role in cell death . Biochemical Journal . Volume 341, Pages 233 249. PMID 10393078. Retrieved on January 23, 2007. ref The mitochondrial calcium uniporter which transports calcium in biology calcium from the cytosol of the Cell biology cell into the mitochondrial matrix ref name Crompton ref name Nicholls Nicholls DG. 2005. Mitochondria and calcium signaling. Cell Calcium , Volume 38, Issues 3 4, Pages 311 317. PMID 16087232. Retrieved on January 23, 2007. ref The mitochondrial sodium calcium exchanger , which carries Ca sup 2 sup ions out of the matrix in exchange for sodium Na sup sup ions. These transport proteins serve to maintain the proper electrochemical gradient electrical and chemical gradient s in mitochondria by keeping ions and other factors in the right balance between the inside and outside of mitochondria. See also Mitochondrial carrier Membrane transport protein References references Membrane transport proteins Mitochondrial proteins Category Transport proteins Category mitochondria Category transmembrane proteins membraneprotein stub zh ... more details
Pfam box Symbol OpcA Name Outer membraneprotein OpcA image 1k24.gif width 200 caption Pfam PF07239 InterPro IPR009876 SMART Prosite SCOP 1k24 TCDB OPM family 27 OPM protein 1k24 PDB PDB3 1k24 A 2 245 Outer membrane adhesin OpcA protein family consists of several Neisseria species specific outer membrane proteins. Neisseria meningitidis causes meningococcal meningitis and septicemia . Opc formerly called 5C is one of the major outer membrane proteins and has been shown to play an important role in meningococcal adhesion and invasion of epithelial and endothelial cells, mediating attachment to host cells by binding proteoglycan cell surface receptor s ref name PUB00013057 cite journal author Zhu P, Klutch MJ, Derrick JP, Prince SM, Tsang RS, Tsai CM title Identification of opcA gene in Neisseria polysaccharea interspecies diversity of Opc protein family journal Gene volume 307 issue pages 31 40 year 2003 pmid 12706886 doi 10.1016 S0378 1119 02 01208 8 ref . OpcA forms a 10 stranded beta barrel with five highly mobile extracellular loops that protrude above the surface of the membrane ref name PUB00028792 cite journal author Derrick JP, Prince SM, Achtman M title Crystal structure of the OpcA integral membrane adhesin from Neisseria meningitidis journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 99 issue 6 pages 3417 21 year 2002 pmid 11891340 doi 10.1073 pnas.062630899 pmc 122538 ref . These extracellular loops combine to form a crevice in the external surface that is lined by positively charged residues, which is predicted to be a binding site for proteoglycan polysaccharides involved in pathogenesis. Conformational changes in the extracellular loops modulate the surface of OpcA ... . These conformational changes could also lead to pore opening. References reflist Category Protein domains Category Protein families Category Outer membrane proteins InterPro content IPR009876 ..., Derrick JP, Bond PJ title Membrane Simulations of OpcA Gating in the Loops? journal Biophys. J. volume ... more details
Orphan date November 2011 wikify date November 2011 Eggshell and ProteinMembrane Separation is a recycling process. Nearly, 30 of the Egg food eggs consumed each year are broken and processed or powdered ... the shells and the attached membrane attract vermin. Together the calcium carbonate eggshell and protein rich membrane have no value or use. ref name Wei Wei Z, Li B, Xu C Application of waste eggshell ... as a low cost catalyst for biodiesel production. ref name Wei Eggshell and ProteinMembrane Separation ... method to separate the eggshell and Membraneproteinproteinmembrane . The two products are processed in two streams to yield mm size particles of dry membrane and mm size particles of dried shell ... to separate the eggshell form the proteinmembrane. ref name Yoo Then the ground eggshell is placed ... the lighter component proteinmembrane to float and the heavier calcium carbonate eggshells to sink. This unit recovers 96 of eggshell membrane and 99 of eggshell calcium carbonate in two hours. ref ... 2009, 100 2883 2885. ref The invention of an eggshell and membrane separator has allowed for the recycling .... ref name Vlad Vlad Eggshell membrane separation method. In US Patent, vol. 7534909. United States Biova ... State University developed a machine that uses a delicate multi bladed knife to scrape the membrane form the surface of shell fragments. ref MacNeil JH Method and apparatus for separating a proteinmembrane and shell material in waste egg shells In United States Patent Foundation TPSR ed., vol. 6,176,376 ... , and a light vacuum to separate the hard eggshell from the protein containing membranes. ref name Adams Adams Egghell membrane separation method. In US Patent 7,017,277, United States ESM Technologies ... a series of heated augers. Once the shell and membrane flakes reach the appropriate moisture ... eggshell flakes fromt the lighter membrane flakes. This invention has been commercialized and can ... membrane from the eggshell. The fluid tank in this case contains distilled water and acetic ... more details
Peripheral membrane proteins are protein s that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated. These molecules attach to integral membraneprotein s, or penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer . The regulatory protein subunits of many ion channel s and transmembrane receptor s, for example, may be defined as peripheral membrane proteins. In contrast to integral membrane proteins, peripheral membrane proteins tend to collect in the water soluble component, or fraction, of all the proteins extracted during a protein purification procedure. Proteins ... of integral membraneprotein s. The reversible attachment of proteins to biological membranes has .... In cite book author Tamm LK Editor title Protein Lipid Interactions From Membrane Domains to Cellular ... the probability of any appropriate proteinprotein interactions. Image Monotopic membrane protein.svg ... can be buried in a protein s hydrophobic binding pocket after dissociation from the membrane. This process ... protein interactions in cell signaling and membrane trafficking journal Annual Review of Biophysics ... lipid occurs via specific membrane targeting structural domains that occur within the protein and have ... electrostatic interactions play an important role in Protein targeting membrane targeting of electron ... book last Sankaram first MB coauthors Marsh D title Protein lipid interactions with peripheral membrane ... ref chemical labeling, measurement of membrane binding affinities of protein ... title Positioning membrane proteins by novel protein engineering and biophysical approaches journal ...?PF03055 Pfam entry Retinal pigment epithelial membraneprotein ref Carotenoids function in both plants ... cell s. See also Membraneprotein s Lipoprotein s Transmembrane proteins Antimicrobial peptide s References ... title Protein Lipid Interactions From Membrane Domains to Cellular Networks url http books.google.com ... 3 oclc doi cite journal author Cho, W. and Stahelin, R.V. year 2005 title Membraneprotein interactions ... more details
pmid 2202721 doi url ref From there, the mature proteins are either targeted to the outer membrane, or remain as periplasmic proteins. The translocase protein subunits are encoded on the bacterial chromosome . The translocase itself comprises 7 proteins, including a chaperone protein SecB , an ATPase SecA , an integral Biological membranemembrane complex chemistry complex SecCY, SecE and SecG , and two additional membraneprotein s that promote the release of the mature peptide into the periplasm ... nervous system peripheral membraneprotein ATPase SecA for secretion. ref name pmid10418149 cite journal author M ller JP title Effects of pre protein overexpression on SecB synthesis ... revealed a sandwich of two Cell membrane membranes interacting through the extensive cytoplasmic protein ... 10.1038 nature00827 url ref Each membrane is composed of protein dimer dimers of SecYEG. The monomeric ... . This family consists of various Prokaryote prokaryotic SecD and SecF protein export biological membrane ... of B. subtilis was not required for the release of a mature secretory protein from the membrane, indicating ... similarity to secondary Solution solute membrane transporter protein transporter s. ref name pmid9694879 ...Infobox protein family Symbol SecD SecF Name SecD SecF image width caption Pfam PF02355 Pfam clan CL0322 InterPro IPR022645 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB 3.A.5 OPM family 16 OPM protein 3aqp CAZy CDD SecD and SecF are prokaryotic protein export membrane proteins . They are a part of the larger multimeric protein export Protein complex complex comprising SecA , D, E, F, G, Y, and YajC. ref name pmid9694879 ... the inner Cell membranemembrane in some Gram negative Zinc dependent phospholipase C bacteria occurs ... a Chaperone protein chaperone subunit to direct them to the translocase component. ref name ... 291 310 year 1990 month June pmid 2202721 doi url ref The chaperone protein chaperone protein SecB ref ... is a highly acidic homotetrameric protein that exists as a dimer of dimers in the bacteria bacterial ... more details
Pfam box Symbol OmpW Name image 2f1v.gif width 200 caption Outer membraneprotein W Pfam PF03922 InterPro IPR005618 SMART Prosite SCOP TCDB 1.B.39 OPM family 26 OPM protein 2f1v PDB PDB3 2f1v B 23 212 PDB3 2f1t A 23 212 Outer membraneprotein W OmpW family is a Protein family family of evolutionarily related proteins from the outer bacterial membrane. This family includes outer membraneprotein W OmpW proteins from a variety of bacterial species. This protein may form the receptor for S4 colicin s in Escherichia coli ref name PUB00008474 cite journal author Braun V, Pil sl H, Smajs D title Characterization of colicin S4 and its receptor, OmpW, a minor protein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane journal J. Bacteriol. volume 181 issue 11 pages 3578 3581 year 1999 pmid 10348872 pmc 93827 ref . References reflist Category Protein domains Category Protein families Category Outer membrane proteins membraneprotein stub ... more details
Pfam box Symbol Toluene X Name Outer membrane transport proteins OMPP1 FadL TodX image 1t16 opm.gif width 200 caption Structure of the bacterial fatty acid transporter FadL. ref name pmid15178802 cite journal author van den Berg B, Black PN, Clemons WM, Rapoport TA title Crystal structure of the long chain fatty acid transporter FadL journal Science volume 304 issue 5676 pages 1506 9 year 2004 month June pmid 15178802 doi 10.1126 science.1097524 url ref Pfam PF03349 Pfam clan CL0193 InterPro IPR005017 SMART Prosite SCOP TCDB 1.B.9 OPM family 30 OPM protein 1t16 PDB PDB3 1t1l B 28 446 PDB3 1t16 B 28 446 Outer membrane transport proteins OMPP1 FadL TodX Protein family family includes several proteins that are involved in toluene catabolism and degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. This family also includes protein FadL involved in translocation of long chain fatty acid s across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2. Notes reflist References Identification of a membraneprotein and a truncated LysR type regulator associated with the toluene degradation pathway in Pseudomonas putida F1. Wang Y, Rawlings M, Gibson DT, Labbe D, Bergeron H, Brousseau R, Lau PC Mol Gen Genet 1995 246 570 579. PMID 7535376 Characterization and role of tbuX in utilization of toluene by Ralstonia pickettii PKO1. Kahng HY, Byrne AM, Olsen RH, Kukor JJ J Bacteriol 2000 182 1232 1242. PMID 10671442 p Cymene catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas putida F1 cloning and characterization of DNA encoding conversion of p cymene to p cumate. Eaton RW J Bacteriol 1997 179 3171 3180. PMID 9150211 Category Protein domains Category Protein families Category Outer membrane proteins ... more details
doi 10.1111 j.1365 2958.1991.tb02135.x ref Rck outer membraneprotein of the S. typhimurium virulence ... cloacae outer membraneprotein OmpX journal J. Bacteriol. volume 173 issue 1 pages 156 160 year 1991 pmid 1987115 pmc 207169 ref a Bacteriophage lambda outer membraneprotein, Lom ref name PUB00002159 cite journal author Pulkkinen WS, Miller SI title A Salmonella typhimurium virulence protein is similar to a Yersinia enterocolitica invasion protein and a bacteriophage lambda outer membraneprotein journal J. Bacteriol. volume 173 issue 1 pages 86 93 year 1991 pmid 1846140 pmc 207160 ref ... The structure of the outer membraneprotein OmpX from Escherichia coli reveals possible mechanisms ... micelle . The OmpX structure shows that the membrane spanning part of the protein is much better conserved ... sheet topology as the structurally related outer membraneprotein A OmpA InterPro IPR000498 , their barrels ... JJ, Beckwith J Nature 1990 346 871 874. PMID 2144037 Category Protein domains Category Protein families Category Outer membrane proteins membraneprotein stub ... Ail Lom like proteins. The Yersinia enterocolitica Ail protein is a known virulence factor. Proteins ... a receptor binding domain. The phage protein Lom is expressed during lysogeny, and encode host cell envelope proteins. Lom is found in the bacterial outer membrane, and is homologous to virulence ... of the Yersinia enterocolitica ail gene and characterization of the Ail protein product journal ... of nonpolar residues that attach to the membrane interior. The core of the barrel consists of an extended ... more details
EBV latent membraneprotein 2 LMP 2 refers to two viral protein s associated with Epstein Barr virus . ref name pmid11961256 cite journal author Lynch DT, Zimmerman JS, Rowe DT title Epstein Barr virus latent membraneprotein 2B LMP2B co localizes with LMP2A in perinuclear regions in transiently transfected cells journal J. Gen. Virol. volume 83 issue Pt 5 pages 1025 35 year 2002 month May pmid 11961256 doi url http vir.sgmjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11961256 ref LMP 2A LMP 2B are transmembrane proteins that act to block tyrosine kinase signaling. It is believed that they act to inhibit activation of the viral lytic cycle. It s unknown whether LMP 2B is required for EBV mediated growth transformation, while different groups have reported that LMP 2A alternatively is, or is not needed for transformation. References reflist virus stub Viral proteins Category Viral proteins es EBV prote na latente de la membrana 2 ... more details
EBV latent membraneprotein 1 LMP 1 is a viral protein associated with Epstein Barr virus . ref name pmid9359753 cite journal author Gires O, Zimber Strobl U, Gonnella R, et al. title Latent membraneprotein 1 of Epstein Barr virus mimics a constitutively active receptor molecule journal EMBO J. volume 16 issue 20 pages 6131 40 year 1997 month October pmid 9359753 pmc 1326297 doi 10.1093 emboj 16.20.6131 ref ref name pmid10409763 cite journal author Izumi KM, Cahir McFarland ED, Ting AT, Riley EA, Seed B, Kieff ED title The Epstein Barr virus oncoprotein latent membraneprotein 1 engages the tumor necrosis factor receptor associated proteins TRADD and receptor interacting protein RIP but does not induce apoptosis or require RIP for NF kappaB activation journal Mol. Cell. Biol. volume 19 issue 8 pages 5759 67 year 1999 month August pmid 10409763 pmc 84426 doi url http mcb.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10409763 ref LMP 1 is a six span transmembrane protein that is also essential for EBV mediated growth transformation. LMP 1 mediates signaling through the Tumor necrosis factor alpha CD40 pathway. It is often found in Reed Sternberg cell s. ref name pmid12796376 cite journal author Herling M, Rassidakis GZ, Medeiros LJ, et al. title Expression of Epstein Barr virus latent membraneprotein 1 in Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin s lymphoma associations with presenting features, serum interleukin 10 levels, and clinical outcome journal Clin. Cancer Res. volume 9 issue 6 pages 2114 20 year 2003 month June pmid 12796376 doi url http clincancerres.aacrjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 12796376 ref ref name pmid16732997 cite journal author Andersson J title Epstein Barr virus and Hodgkin s lymphoma journal Herpes volume 13 issue 1 pages 12 6 year 2006 month May pmid 16732997 doi url http openurl.ingenta.com content nlm?genre article&issn 0969 7667&volume 13&issue 1&spage 12&aulast Andersson ref References reflist 2 Viral proteins virus stub ... more details
PBB geneid 8673 Vesicle associated membraneprotein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP8 ... entrez cite web title Entrez Gene VAMP8 vesicle associated membraneprotein 8 endobrevin url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the vesicle associated membraneprotein VAMP synaptobrevin family. It is associated ... year 2000 month June title Soluble NSF attachment protein receptors SNAREs in RBL 2H3 mast cells functional role of syntaxin 4 in exocytosis and identification of a vesicle associated membraneprotein ... 1b, syntaxin 6, vesicle associated membraneprotein VAMP 8, and VAMP7 in b16 melanoma cells journal ... attachment protein receptors SNAREs in RBL 2H3 mast cells functional role of syntaxin 4 in exocytosis and identification of a vesicle associated membraneprotein 8 containing secretory compartment journal ... author Polg r J, Chung SH, Reed GL title Vesicle associated membraneprotein 3 VAMP 3 and VAMP ... Synaptobrevin VAMP Like Protein Preferentially Associated with the Early Endosome journal Mol Biol ... Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates ... interacts specifically with the soluble NSF attachment protein alpha SNAP , most likely through an VAMP8 containing SNARE complex. ref name entrez Interactions Vesicle associated membraneprotein 8 has been shown to Proteinprotein interaction interact with STX4 , ref name pmid10820264 cite journal ... coauthors Chung Sul Hee, Reed Guy L year 2002 month August title Vesicle associated membraneprotein 3 VAMP 3 and VAMP 8 are present in human platelets and are required for granule secretion journal ... plasma membrane journal Arch. Oral Biol. volume 48 issue 8 pages 597 604 publisher location ... membrane proteins journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 274 issue 52 pages 36876 82 year 2000 pmid 10601239 ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol DcuA DcuB Name Anaerobic c4 dicarboxylate membrane transporter image width caption Pfam PF03605 Pfam clan CL0182 InterPro IPR004668 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB 2.A.13 OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Infobox protein family Symbol DcuC Name C4 dicarboxylate anaerobic carrier image width caption Pfam PF03606 Pfam clan CL0182 InterPro IPR018385 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB 9.B.50 OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, the anaerobic C4 dicarboxylate membrane transporter protein family or C4 dicarboxylate Uptake Dcu family is a family of proteins which includes the DcuA, DcuB and DcuC proteins. Many members of this family are predicted to have 12 GES predicted transmembrane regions, however the one member of this family whose Cell membranemembrane topology has been experimentally determined has 10 transmembrane regions, with both the N and C termini localized to the periplasm . ref name pmid9733683 cite journal author Golby P, Kelly DJ, Guest JR, Andrews SC title Topological analysis of DcuA, an anaerobic C4 dicarboxylate transporter of Escherichia coli journal J. Bacteriol. volume 180 issue 18 pages 4821 7 year 1998 month September pmid 9733683 pmc 107505 doi url ref The DcuA and DcuB proteins are involved in the transport of aspartate , malate , fumaric acid fumarate and succinate in many species and are thought to function as antiporter s with any two of these substrate biochemistry substrates . ref name pmid8131924 cite journal author Six S, Andrews SC, Roberts RE, Unden G, Guest JR title Construction and properties of Escherichia coli mutants defective in two genes encoding homologous membrane proteins with putative roles in anaerobic C4 dicarboxylic acid transport journal Biochem. Soc. Trans. volume 21 issue 4 pages 342S ... C4 dicarboxylate membrane transporters DcuA and DcuB distinct from the aerobic dicarboxylate transport ... IPR018385 Category Protein families ... more details
or electrical gradients of the membrane process. Membranes can be generally classified into synthetic membrane s and biological membrane s. ref cite book author Mulder, Marcel title Basic principles of membrane technology publisher Kluwer Academic Springer location year 1996 edition 2 isbn 0 7923 4248 8 ref References reflist Category Membrane technology bg cs Membr na de Membran et Membraan es Membrana fr Membrane io Membrano id Membran it Membrana he lv Membr na pl Membrana ... more details
Membrane glycoproteins are membraneprotein s which play important roles in cell recognition. Examples include Fibronectin Laminin Osteonectin See also Glycocalyx External links MeshName Membrane glycoproteins membraneprotein stub Glycoproteins Cell membranes Category Glycoproteins ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In biochemistry , the membrane topology of an transmembrane protein describes which portions of the amino acid amino acid sequence of the protein lie within the plane of the surrounding lipid bilayer and which portions protrude into the watery environment on either side. More succinctly, the membrane topology describes which regions of the polypeptide chain span the membrane. Description Because biochemists know the hydrophobicity of amino acids individually, the membrane topology of a protein and indeed whether or not it is an integral membraneprotein in the first place often may be predicted accurately on the basis of a protein s sequence alone which of course in turn may be predicted solely from the DNA sequence nucleotide sequence of a gene . Such predictions are most reliably based on the assumption that the lipid bilayer spanning portions of a transmembrane protein will assume an transmembrane helix alpha helical secondary structure . Since membrane topology is frequently the first available structural information about a protein after sequencing, integral membrane proteins are often classified or grouped according to this feature. In classifying proteins in this way, biologists look at the number of times the peptide chain is predicted to cross the membrane and may in fact name a class on this basis e.g. G protein coupled receptor 7TM receptors . Membrane topology predictions also can be invaluable for developing antibodies, drugs or other reagents that will bind and or affect the function of the protein. DEFAULTSORT Membrane Topology Category Integral membrane proteins Category Membrane biology ... more details
to the nuclear envelope. In metazoan cells, the inner nuclear membrane contains proteins of the nuclear lamina , a protein meshwork underlying the nuclear envelope and providing structural support ... disorder s in humans. See also For eukaryotes Intermembrane space Chloroplast membrane For bacteria periplasmic space Bacterial outer membrane DEFAULTSORT Inner Membrane Category Membrane biology cs ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Context date October 2009 Membrane ruffling also known as cell ruffling is the formation of a motile cell surface that contains a meshwork of newly polymerized actin filaments . It can also be regarded as one of the earliest structural changes observed in the cell. the GTP binding protein Rac is the regulator of this membrane ruffling. Changes in the Polyphosphoindositide metabolism and changes in Ca level of cell may also play an important role. a number of actin binding and organizing protein localise to membrane ruffles and potentially targets to transducing molecules. See also lamellipodia filopodia Category Cell biology biochem stub Biology Membrane Ruffling The ruffling of the plasma membrane is a characteristic feature of many actively migrating cells. When the membrane is unable to attach to the substrate, the membrane protrusion is recycled back into the cell. The ruffling of membranes is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cdc42. information from http www.reading.ac.uk nitricoxide intro migration dynamics.htm ... more details
Image Semipermeable membrane.png thumb 250px Scheme of semipermeable membrane during hemodialysis , where red is blood, blue is the dialysing fluid, and yellow is the membrane. A semipermeable membrane , also termed a selectively permeable membrane , a partially permeable membrane or a differentially permeable membrane , is a membrane that will allow certain molecule s or ion s to pass through it by diffusion ... as the permeability of the membrane to each solute. Depending on the membrane and the solute, permeability may depend on solute size, solubility , properties, or chemistry. How the membrane is constructed ... and synthetic materials thicker than a membrane are also semipermeable. One example of this is the thin film on the inside of an Egg biology egg . An example of a semi permeable membrane is the lipid bilayer , on which is based the plasma membrane that surrounds all cell biology biological cell ... layer, the phospholipid bilayer is a semipermeable membrane that is very specific in its permeability ... outside and within the cell. The hydrophobic tails are the layer hidden in the inside of the membrane. The phospholipid bilayer is the most permeable to small, uncharged solutes. Protein channels float ... of reverse osmosis , thin film composite membrane s TFC or TFM are used. These are semipermeable ... small molecules that cannot be filtered. Another example of a semipermeable membrane is dialysis tubing . Other types are cation exchange membrane CEM , charge mosaic membrane CMM , bipolar membrane BPM , anion exchange membrane AEM ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 18547927?dopt Abstract Effect of the type of ion exchange membrane on performance, ion transport, and pH in biocatalyzed electrolysis of wastewater ref alkali anion exchange membrane AAEM and proton exchange membrane PEM . The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis . References reflist External links http www.euromemhouse.eu EuroMemHouse European Membrane House http www.iupac.org publications ... more details
PBB geneid 5627 Protein S is a vitamin K dependent plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the endothelium. In the circulation, Protein S exists in two forms a free form and a complex form bound to complement system complement protein C4b binding protein C4BP . In humans, protein S is encoded by the PROS1 ... B, Stenflo J, Wydro R title Isolation and sequence of the cDNA for human protein S, a regulator ... url ref In 1979, researchers in Seattle , Washington first discovered protein S and arbitrarily ... X Stuart factor , and protein S journal Biochemistry volume 16 issue 4 pages 698 706 year 1977 ... RG, Davie EW title Characterization of protein S, a gamma carboxyglutamic acid containing protein ... March pmid 420821 doi 10.1021 bi00572a026 ref Function The best characterized function of Protein S is its role in the anti coagulation pathway, where it functions as a cofactor to Protein C in the inactivation .... ref name pmid18695379 cite journal author Castoldi E, Hackeng TM title Regulation of coagulation by protein ... 18695379 doi 10.1097 MOH.0b013e328309ec97 url ref Protein S can bind to negatively charged phospholipids via the carboxylated Gla domain GLA domain . This property allows Protein S to function in the removal ... of apoptosis no longer actively manage the distribution of phospholipids in their outer membrane ... the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. These negatively charged phospholipids are recognized by phagocytes such as macrophages . Protein S can bind to the negatively charged phospholipids and function as a bridging molecule between the apoptotic cell and the phagocyte. The bridging property of Protein ... lead to Protein S deficiency which is a rare blood disorder which can lead to an increased risk of thrombosis ... R, Daly ME title The prevalence of, and molecular defects underlying, inherited protein S deficiency ... author Garc a de Frutos P, Fuentes Prior P, Hurtado B, Sala N title Molecular basis of protein S deficiency ... doi url ref Interactions Protein S has been shown to Proteinprotein interaction interact with Factor ... more details
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