Metabolic myopathies are Myopathy Myopathies that result from defects in biochemical metabolism that primarily affect muscle. They include 1 Glycogen storage diseases 2 Lipid storage disorder 3 Phosphocreatine stores disorder External links http www.emedicine.com neuro TOPIC672.HTM Metabolic Myopathies eMedicine PNS diseases of the nervous system Soft tissue disorders Category Muscular disorders Category Metabolic disorders disease stub ... more details
in the muscle G73.6 MetabolicmyopathyMetabolic myopathies , which result from defects in biochemical ...Infobox Disease Name Myopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB 8723 ICD10 ICD10 G 71 g 70 ICD10 G 72 g 70 , ICD10 ... emerg eMedicineTopic 328 MeshID D009135 In medicine , a myopathy is a muscular disease ref ... webster.com dictionary Myopathy title Myopathy Definition from the Merriam Webster Online Dictionary ..., resulting in muscular weakness . Myopathy simply means muscle disease myo Greek language Greek ... e.g., the brain etc. . Muscle cramp s, stiffness , and spasm can also be associated with myopathy ... and musculoskeletal. Classes There are many types of myopathy. ICD ICD 10 codes are provided here ... related to respiratory weakness. G71.1 Myotonia Neuromyotonia G71.2 The congenital myopathy congenital ... nemaline myopathy characterized by presence of nemaline rods in the muscle , G71.2 multi minicore myopathy characterized by multiple small cores or areas of disruption in the muscle fibers , G71.2 Centronuclear myopathy including myotubular myopathy centronuclear myopathy or Centronuclear myopathy including myotubular myopathy myotubular myopathy in which the cell nucleus nuclei are abnormally found ... G72.3 Familial periodic paralysis G72.4 inflammatory myopathy Inflammatory myopathies , which are caused ... may affect muscle G73.6 E75 Lipid storage disorder Acquired G72.0 G72.2 External substance induced myopathy G72.0 Drug induced myopathy Glucocorticoid myopathy is caused by this class of steroids catabolism ... myopathy journal J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. volume 50 issue 1 2 pages 1 4 year 1994 month July pmid 8049126 doi url ref G72.1 Alcoholic myopathy G72.2 Myopathy due to other toxic agents M33.0 ... months and there is no evidence of myopathy. Simvastatin 80 mg should not be started in new patients ... for myopathy. Treatments range from treatment of the symptoms to very specific cause targeting ... http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books NBK5299 GeneReviews NCBI NIH UW entry on Myopathy with Deficiency of ISCU ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Congenital myopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 G 71 2 g 70 ICD9 ICD9 359.0 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 1175852 MeshID D020914 Congenital myopathy is a term for any muscle disorder present at birth. ref The first version of this article incorporates material from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke document Congenital Myopathy Information Page at http www.ninds.nih.gov disorders myopathy congenital myopathy congenital.htm As a work of an agency of the U.S. Government without any other copyright notice it should be available as a public domain resource . ref By this definition the congenital myopathies could include hundreds of distinct neuromuscular syndromes and disorders. Congenital myopathies do not show evidence for either a progressive dystrophy dystrophic process i.e., muscle death or inflammation , but instead characteristic microscopic changes are seen in association with reduced contractile ability of the muscles. In general, congenital myopathies cause loss of muscle tone and muscle weakness in infancy and delayed motor milestones, such as walking, later in childhood. Types The conditions included under the term congenital myopathy can vary. One source includes nemaline myopathy , myotubular myopathy , central core myopathy , congenital fiber type disproportion , and multicore myopathy . ref http www.merck.com mmpe sec19 ch295 ch295c.html ref The term can also be used more broadly, to describe conditions present from birth. External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part cftd GeneReviews NCBI NIH UW entry on Congenital Fiber Type Disproportion References reflist Diseases of myoneural junction and muscle DEFAULTSORT Congenital Myopathy Category Genetic disorders by system Category Myoneural junction and neuromuscular diseases Genetic disorder stub zh ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Thyrotoxic myopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 359.5 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 1170469 MeshID Thyrotoxic myopathy TM is a neuromuscular disorder that develops due to the overproduction of the thyroid hormone thyroxine . Also known as hyperthyroid myopathy, TM is one of many myopathies that lead to muscle weakness and muscle tissue breakdown. Evidence indicates the onset of TM may be caused by hyperthyroidism Kazakov, 1992 . There are currently two known causes of hyperthyroidism that lead to development of TM including a multinodular goiter and Graves disease . Physical symptoms of TM may include muscle weakness, the breakdown of muscle tissue, fatigue, and heat intolerance Quin, 1951 . Physical acts such as lifting objects and climbing stairs may become increasingly difficult Horak, 2000 . If untreated TM can be an extremely debilitating disorder that can, in extreme rare cases, lead to death. If diagnosed and treated properly the effects of TM can be controlled and in most cases reversed leaving no lasting effects. Symptoms Physical Symptoms may include Muscle Weakness Degeneration of Muscle Tissue Fatigue Heat intolerance Chronic TM Symptoms of chronic TM arise slowly overtime. Patients usually complain of decreased ... gland that regulates the growth metabolism of the nervous system and regulates basal metabolic rate ... decrease in contraction response. Blood tests are then conducted to determine the specific myopathy ... End Plates in Thyrotoxic Myopathy.2 343 349 1992 Kazakov V Pathogenesis of thyrotoxic myopathy ... VM Differential diagnosis of thyrotoxic myopathy. Klinicheskaya Meditsina 69 107 111.1991 . Kazakov VM, Katinas GS, Skorometz AA Pathogenesis of experimental thyrotocis myopathy. European Neurology 25 212 224.1986 . Kazakov VM, Kovalenko TM Experimental thyrotoxic myopathy autoradiography of protein ... thyrotoxic myopathy report of a case. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology 11 1564 1571.1951 . Riis ALD ... more details
Nemaline myopathy Nemaline myopathy also called rod myopathy or nemaline rod myopathy is a congenital ... severity. Myopathy means muscle disease, and a biopsy of muscle from a person with nemaline myopathy shows abnormal thread like ref DorlandsDict nine 000954933 nemaline myopathy ref rods, called nemaline bodies, in the muscle cells. People with nemaline myopathy or NM usually experience delayed ... to survive and lead active lives. Nemaline myopathy is one of forty neuromuscular diseases covered by the Muscular Dystrophy Association . Genetic qualities Nemaline myopathy is a clinically and genetically ... myopathy The physical capabilities of a given person with NM do not correlate well either with genotype ... with muscle pathology in nemaline myopathy Ryan et al. 60 4 665 Neurology cite web url http www.neurology.org ... in nemaline myopathy Ryan et al. 60 4 665 Neurology format work accessdate 2009 02 18 ref Deleted ... be found in the muscle of an individual with nemaline myopathy. While these rods are diagnostic of nemaline myopathy, they are most likely a byproduct, rather than a cause, of the disorder. History and early identification Rod myopathy was first identified by Douglas Reye , an Australian physician ... of the biopsy. Forty years later, Reye s rod myopathy patient was confirmed to have nemaline myopathy. Another group of Australian researchers has since published an article recognizing Reye ... gone awry identification of the first case of nemaline myopathy by Dr R.D.K. Reye journal Neuromuscul ... 8966 99 00123 6 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0960896699001236 ref Nemaline myopathy .... Physical characteristics and effects Physical expression of nemaline myopathy varies greatly, but weakness .... Communication and eating Bulbar throat muscle weakness is a main feature of nemaline myopathy. Most ... community In 1999, the http www.davidmcd.btinternet.co.uk first non medical webpage on nemaline myopathy was launched, and in October 2004, the first Nemaline Myopathy Convention was held in Toronto ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Bethlem myopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB 32019 ICD10 G71.2 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 158810 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Bethlem myopathy is an autosomal Dominance relationship Dominant allele dominant ref name bm cite journal author Jobsis GJ, Boers JM, Barth PG, de Visser M title Bethlem myopathy a slowly progressive congenital muscular dystrophy with contractures journal Brain volume 122 issue 4 pages 649 655 year 1999 pmid 10219778 doi 10.1093 brain 122.4.649 ref myopathy , classified as a congenital form of muscular dystrophy , ref name bm that is caused by a variation in one of the three genes coding for type VI collagen . ref name bm These include COL6A1 , COL6A2 , and COL6A3 . ref name pmid16141002 cite journal author Lampe AK, Bushby KM title Collagen VI related muscle disorders journal J. Med. Genet. volume 42 issue 9 pages 673 85 year 2005 month September pmid 16141002 pmc 1736127 doi 10.1136 jmg.2002.002311 url http jmg.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 16141002 ref Presentation The onset of this disease begins in childhood, but its progression is extremely slow, with symptoms of weakness and walking difficulties usually not presenting until past age 50. Early symptoms include Gower s sign climbing up the thighs with the hands when rising from the floor and tiptoe walking caused by the beginning of contracture s. Bethlem myopathy is an extremely rare disorder, with fewer than 100 families worldwide known to have it. It is sometimes known as Leonard syndrome after one of the presenting families. Contractures of the fingers are a typical symptom of Bethlem myopathy but not of the related Ullrich s myopathy which does include contractures of arms and legs, as does Bethlem myopathy . Blood serum Serum creatine kinase is elevated in Bethlem myopathy, as there is ongoing muscle cell death. Patients with Bethlem myopathy may expect ... grows to adulthood. ref name bm Image Autosomal dominant en.svg thumb right Bethlem myopathy has ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Centronuclear myopathy Image Centronuclear myotubular myopathy.JPEG Caption Muscle ... myopathy due to a mutation in the myotubularin MTM1 gene and extremely skewed X inactivation H&E ..., the X linked myotubular myopathy form typically presents at birth, and is thus considered a congenital myopathy. However, some centronuclear myopathies may present later in life. Terminology Although all forms of centronuclear myopathy are considered rare, the most commonly known form of CNM is Myotubular Myopathy MTM . The terms centronuclear myopathy and myotubular myopathy are sometimes equated. ref DorlandsDict five 000069759 centronuclear myopathy ref Literally, a myopathy is a disease ... In 1966, Dr. Spiro a New York City neurologist published a medical report of a boy with myopathy ... Spiro A, Shy G, Gonatas N title Myotubular myopathy. Persistence of fetal muscle in an adolescent boy .... Thus, he coined the term myotubular myopathy . Spiro speculated that the embryonic muscle development he had seen in the boy was due to growth arrest during the myotubular phase, causing the myopathy ... be acceptable for infant onset myotubular myopathy mutations at the MTM1 gene on the X chromosome , but may not be acceptable for the autosomal forms of centronuclear myopathy. ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez dispomim.cgi?id 160150 Myotubular Myopathy, Autosomal Dominant Online Mendelian Inheritance ... 271 6 year 2006 pmid 16893562 doi 10.1016 j.acthis.2006.05.004 ref Regardless of whether the myopathy is caused by arrest at the myotubular stage, for historical reasons the name myotubular myopathy ... myopathy MTM , when a Genetics genetic abnormality on the X chromosome was determined to be involved ..., is called myotubularin . Incidence The overall incidence of myotubular myopathy is 1 in 50,000 ... Myopathy The University of Chicago Genetic Services. ref The incidence of other centronuclear ... s muscular dystrophy . Approximately 80 of males with a diagnosis of myotubular myopathy by muscle ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Inflammatory myopathy Image Dermatomyositis intermed mag.jpg Caption Micrograph of dermatomyositis , a type of inflammatory myopathy. Muscle biopsy . H&E stain . DiseasesDB 29473 ICD10 ICD10 M 33 m 30 , ICD10 G 72 4 g 70 ICD9 ICD9 359.6 , ICD9 710.3 ICD9 710.4 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D009220 Inflammatory myopathy is a form of myopathy that involves inflammation of the muscle. Inflammatory myopathy is generally synonymous to the term dermatopolymyositis , which, according to ICD 10 encompasses three related diseases polymyositis , dermatomyositis , and inclusion body myositis . ref http apps.who.int classifications apps icd icd10online ?gm30.htm m33 ICD 10 M33 Dermatopolymyositis ref ref name BarnesHilton Jones2003 cite book author1 Phillip R. J. Barnes author2 David Hilton Jones title Myopathies in Clinical Practice url http books.google.com ?id 4Qs2e4rPM4kC&pg PA85 accessdate 26 June 2010 year 2003 publisher Informa Health Care isbn 9781899066711 pages 85 ref Diagnosis Inflammatory myopathy can be associated with increased Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR and creatine kinase . Dermatopolymyositis can be associated with several types of autoantibodies Anti Jo1 antibodies , ref name pmid9067664 cite journal author Kalenian M, Zweiman B title Inflammatory myopathy, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, and anti Jo 1 antibodies an interesting association journal Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology volume 4 issue 2 pages 236 40 year 1997 month March pmid 9067664 pmc 170510 doi url http cvi.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 9067664 ref which is associated with a more abrupt onset of fever, cracked hands, Raynaud s phenomenon , interstitial lung disease , arthritis , and a poor response to therapy. ref name agabegi2nd254 Page 254 in cite book author Elizabeth D Agabegi Agabegi, Steven S. title Step Up to Medicine Step Up Series publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location Hagerstwon, MD year ... more details
Infobox disease Name Brody myopathy Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 601003 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID GeneReviewsID GeneReviewsName Brody myopathy is a genetic disease. It can be associated with ATP2A1 . ref name pmid8841193 cite journal author Odermatt A, Taschner PE, Khanna VK, et al. title Mutations in the gene encoding SERCA1, the fast twitch skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 ATPase, are associated with Brody disease journal Nat. Genet. volume 14 issue 2 pages 191 4 year 1996 month October pmid 8841193 doi 10.1038 ng1096 191 ref It was characterized in 1969. ref name pmid4239835 cite journal author Brody IA title Muscle contracture induced by exercise. A syndrome attributable to decreased relaxing factor journal N. Engl. J. Med. volume 281 issue 4 pages 187 92 year 1969 month July pmid 4239835 doi 10.1056 NEJM196907242810403 url http www.nejm.org doi abs 10.1056 NEJM196907242810403?url ver Z39.88 2003&rfr id ori rid crossref.org&rfr dat cr pub 3dpubmed ref References reflist Ion pump disorders disease stub Category Genetic disorders ... more details
Refimprove date February 2008 Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Animal mitochondrion diagram en edit .svg Caption Simplified structure of a typical mitochondrion DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 G 71 3 g 70 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D017240 Mitochondrial myopathy is a type of myopathy associated with mitochondrial disease . On biopsy, the muscle tissue of patients with this disease usually demonstrate ragged red muscle fibers. These ragged red fibers contain mild accumulations of glycogen and neutral lipids, and may show an increased reactivity for succinate dehydrogenase and a decreased reactivity for cytochrome c oxidase . Inheritance is maternal Non Mendelian inheritance Extranuclear inheritance non Mendelian extranuclear . There are several subcategories of mitochondrial myopathies. Treatment Although no cure currently exists, there is hope in treatment for this class of hereditary disease s with the use of an embryotic Protofection mitochondrial transplant . ref Name BBC 5 February 2008 cite web title Three parent embryo formed in lab work Scientists believe they have made a potential breakthrough in the treatment of serious disease by creating a human embryo with three separate parents. publisher BBC News date 5 February 2008 , 11 13 GMT url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi health 7227861.stm format web doi accessdate 2008 02 08 ref anchor Variations of the Disease Signs and symptoms Signs and symptoms include Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke like syndrome MELAS Varying degrees of cognitive impairment and dementia Lactic acidosis Stroke s Transient ischemic attack s Hearing loss Weight loss Myoclonic epilepsy and ragged red fibers MERRF Progressive myoclonic epilepsy Clumps of diseased mitochondria accumulate in muscle fibers and appear as ragged red fibers when muscle is stained with modified G m ri trichrome stain Short stature Kearns Sayre syndrome KSS External ophthalmoplegia Cardiac conduction defects Senso ... more details
Metabolic panel may refer to Blood test Basic metabolic panel Comprehensive metabolic panel disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Orphan date May 2011 unreferenced date March 2011 Metabolic Age refers to a number calculated by comparing your Basal metabolic rate Basal Metabolic Rate to the Basal Metabolic Rate average of your chronological age group . Chronological age is your age in calendar year s. Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy consumed per unit of time when all environmental factors are considered neutral, the digestive system is in a post absorptive state meaning that the digestive system is inactive, which requires about twelve hours of fasting in humans , and the energy expenditure is only sufficient to support normal functioning of the vital organ s, the heart , lung s, nervous system , kidney s, liver , intestine , sex organ s, muscle s, and skin . Formulas for calculating basal metabolic rate take into account age, weight, height, activity level, body fat mass, and lean body mass. All the components in the body require various levels of energy to be maintained. Body fat requires much less energy than lean muscle , as lean muscle is much more metabolically active. Muscle is much more metabolically active, and therefore requires more energy expenditure to remain in homeostasis . If comparing two individuals, with all variables being equal, the person with more lean muscle mass will have a higher basal metabolic rate, and therefore, a lower metabolic age in comparison to those with the identical chronological age. An individual s metabolic age will vary depending how their calculated basal metabolic rate compares to others of the same chronological age. Metabolic age is a new term used in the health and fitness industry to describe overall physical fitness fitness and metabolic activity. Examining metabolic age will give insights to the overall level of health and wellness in comparison to those of the same age. Improving personal fitness is a main concern of most health conscious individuals. BMR and the metabolic age number are excellent ways to track your progress. Verify ... more details
A metabolic network is the complete set of metabolic and physical processes that determine the physiology physiological and biochemistry biochemical properties of a cell. As such, these networks comprise the chemical reactions of metabolism as well as the regulatory interactions that guide these reactions. With the sequencing of complete genomes, it is now possible to reconstruct the network of biochemical reactions in many organisms, from bacteria to human. Several of these networks are available online Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes KEGG http www.genome.ad.jp , EcoCyc http www.ecocyc.org , BioCyc http biocyc.org and metaTIGER http www.bioinformatics.leeds.ac.uk metatiger . Metabolic networks are powerful tools, for studying and modelling metabolism. See also Metabolic network modelling Metabolic pathway metabolism Category Metabolism biology stub ca Xarxa metab lica fa nl Metabolisch netwerk zh ... more details
Metabolic intermediates refers to molecules which are the precursors or metabolites of biologically significant molecules. Although these intermediates are of relatively minor direct importance to cellular function, they can play important roles in the allosteric regulation of enzyme s. Clinical significance Some can be useful in measuring rates of metabolic processes for example, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or 3 aminoisobutyrate . Because they can represent unnatural points of entry into natural metabolic pathways, some such as AICA ribonucleotide are of interest to researchers in developing new therapies. See also metabolism Fructose and galactose metabolic intermediates Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis metabolic intermediates Pentose phosphate pathway intermediates Cholesterol metabolism intermediates Amino acid metabolism intermediates Nucleotide metabolism intermediates Neurotransmitter metabolism intermediates Heme metabolism intermediates Thyroid hormone intermediates Category Metabolism chem stub ja ... more details
Metabolic typing is the term for a diet nutrition diet based upon the concept of metabolic type . Proponents claim that each person has a unique metabolism , and that therefore the nutrients which are appropriate for one person may be inappropriate for a second, and detrimental for a third. Metabolic ... of the body to assess different aspects of a person s metabolism and categorize them into broad metabolic types. In addition, some proponents of metabolic typing use tests such as hair analysis alternative medicine hair analysis to determine a person s metabolic type . ref name wolcott1 The Metabolic Typing Diet, Wolcott and Fahey, p.118 119 ref A number of somewhat different metabolic typing diet plans are currently marketed. The validity and effectiveness of metabolic typing have not been established ... , a metabolic typing firm, described by Quackwatch . Accessed April 27, 2007. ref Background Metabolic typing was introduced by William Donald Kelley, a dentist , in the 1960s. Kelley advocated ... therapy. He continued to promote a metabolic typing diet through the 1980s. ref name qw1 cite ... Kelley Gonzalez Metabolic Therapy accessdate April 27, 2007 publisher Quackwatch ref The practice has been further developed by others including Dr.Harold J. Kristal and William Wolcott. Metabolic ... 17, 2004 ref Effectiveness Although metabolic typing diets have been promoted to patients with cancer ... medicine, metabolic typing has come under fire by certain people in the traditional medical ..., Kelley, and Contreras metabolic therapies show no evidence of efficacy. ref name mskcc http www.mskcc.org mskcc html 69299.cfm Metabolic Therapies Information sheet from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center . Accessed April 27, 2007. ref Some metabolic typing companies use a battery of blood .... He received 2 drastically different metabolic typing reports and dietary plans. Both plans involved ... reflist 2 Category Diets de Metabolic Typing ... more details
nofootnotes date March 2011 In biochemistry , metabolic pathways are series of chemistry chemical reactions ... chemicals a.k.a. metabolites that may be involved, metabolic pathways can be quite elaborate. In addition ... the metabolic network . Pathways are important to the maintenance of homeostasis within an organism ... as the final end products. A Metabolism metabolic pathway involves the step by step modification ... ways To be used immediately, as the end product of a metabolic pathway To initiate another metabolic ... biochemistry substrate enters a metabolic pathway depending on the needs of the cell and the availability ... intermediates and or end products may influence the metabolic rate for that particular pathway. Overview Each metabolic pathway consists of a series of biochemical reactions that are connected by their intermediates ... reactions, and so on. Metabolic pathways are often considered to flow in one direction. Although ... gluconeogenesis . Glycolysis was the first metabolic pathway discovered As glucose enters a cell, it is immediately ... as glycogen or starch . Metabolic pathways are often Control theory regulated by feedback inhibition . Some metabolic pathways flow in a cycle wherein each component of the cycle is a substrate for the subsequent ... enzymes and co factors. Major metabolic pathways center metabolic pathways center Clear Cellular respiration Main Cellular respiration Several distinct but linked metabolic pathways are used by cells ..., algae, cyanobacteria Chemosynthesis some bacteria See also Portal Metabolism Metabolism Metabolic network Metabolic network modelling Metabolic engineering External links http www.biocyc.org BioCyc Metabolic network models for hundreds of organisms http www.genome.jp kegg KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia ... processes http metacyc.org MetaCyc A database of non redundant, experimentally elucidated metabolic ... bq integration.htm Interactive Flow Chart of the Major Metabolic Pathways http www.metabolicvisualizer.org A novel visualization for a Metabolic Pathway http david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov DAVID Visualize ... more details
Infobox disease Name Metabolic alkalosis Image Davenport Fig 12.jpg Caption Davenport diagram DiseasesDB 402 ICD10 ICD10 E 87 3 e 70 ICD9 ICD9 276.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 1459 MeshID Metabolic alkalosis is a metabolic condition in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range 7.35 7.45 . This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate , or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations. Terminology Alkalosis refers to a high pH in tissue . Alkalemia refers to a high pH in the blood . Causes There are five main causes of metabolic alkalosis. ref http www.emedicine.com MED topic1459.htm eMedicine Metabolic Alkalosis Article by Sameer Yaseen Bot generated title ref These can be divided into two categories, depending upon urine chloride levels. ref name urlAlkalosis, Metabolic eMedicine Pediatrics Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine cite web url http emedicine.medscape.com article 906819 overview title Alkalosis, Metabolic eMedicine Pediatrics Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine format work accessdate 2009 05 10 ref Chloride responsive 10 mEq L Loss of hydrogen ions Most often occurs via two mechanisms, either vomiting or via the kidney. Vomiting results in the loss ... further loss of potassium , leading to metabolic alkalosis. ref Hennessey, Iain. Japp, Alan ... reveal themselves putting the patient into metabolic alkalosis Chloride resistant 20 mEq L Retention ... . Excess sodium increases extracellular volume and the loss of hydrogen ions creates a metabolic ... Compensation for metabolic alkalosis occurs mainly in the lungs, which retain carbon dioxide ..., respiration rate would be decreased. Renal compensation for metabolic alkalosis, less effective ... it. See also hypokalemia Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis References reflist Fluid, electrolyte, acid base metabolic pathology DEFAULTSORT Metabolic Alkalosis Category ... more details
Metabolic water refers to water created inside a living organism through their metabolism , by oxidizing energy containing substances in their food. Metabolism of fat produces about 110 grams of water per 100 grams, ref http www.nature.com nature journal v150 n3792 abs 150021a0.html ref protein 41.3 grams, and starch 55.1 g. ref http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1O39 metabolicwater.html ref Some organisms, especially xerocole xerocoles , animals living in the desert , rely exclusively on metabolic water. Migratory birds must rely exclusively on metabolic water production while making non stop flights. ref http dissertations.ub.rug.nl faculties science 2005 s.b.engel ref ref cite journal author Klaassen M title Metabolic constraints on long distance migration in birds journal J Exp Biol volume 199 issue Pt 1 pages 57 64 year 1996 pmid 9317335 doi url http jeb.biologists.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 9317335 ref Humans, by contrast, obtain only about 8 10 of their water needs through metabolic water production. ref name nutrientReq Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources BANR , Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates Second Revised Edition 2003 , p. 144. http books.nap.edu openbook.php?record id 9826&page 154 ref In mammals , the water produced from metabolism of protein roughly equals the amount needed to excrete the urea which is a byproduct of the metabolism of protein. ref name nutrientReq Birds, however, excrete uric acid and can have a net gain of water from the metabolism of protein. References reflist Category Metabolism Category Water ... more details
. Metabolic engineering is the practice of optimizing genetics genetic and regulatory processes within ... materials into molecules necessary for the cell s survival. Metabolic Engineering specifically seeks ..., K.Y., 1998 Genetic and Metabolic Engineering , Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, ISSN 07117 3458 ... goal of metabolic engineering is to be able to use these organisms to produce valuable ... , wine , cheese , pharmaceuticals , and other biotechnology products. Since cells use these metabolic ..., trade offs in metabolic engineering arise between the cells ability to produce the desired ... the genes that encode for metabolic enzymes, the current focus is to target the regulatory networks in a cell to efficiently engineer the metabolism. ref Vemuri, G.M, Aristidou, A.A, 2005 Metabolic ... Review vol. 69 197 216 ref History and applications of metabolic engineering In the past, to increase ... in Metabolic Engineering. Cambridge University Press,p.ix x ref . However, one of the main problem with this technique was that the metabolic pathway for the production of that metabolite was not analyzed ... unknown ref name Voit . In 1990s, a new technique called metabolic engineering emerged. This technique analyzes the metabolic pathway of a microorganism , and determines the constraints and their effects .... Some examples of successful metabolic engineering are the following i Identification of constraints ... . Metabolic Engineering Principles and Methodologies . San Diego Academic Press ref ii Engineering ... metabolic flux analysis that the theoretical maximal yield of DAHP per glucose molecule utilized, was 3 .... At the industrial scale, metabolic engineering is becoming more convenient and cost effective. According ... across North America to apply metabolic engineering to produce biofuels and chemicals from renewable ....,Jay 2010 . Advanced Biofuel production in microbes. Biotechnol.J.,5,147 162 ref Metabolic flux analysis An analysis of metabolic flux can be found at Flux balance analysis Setting up a metabolic pathway ... more details
DiseasesDB 31955 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D024821 Metabolic syndrome is a combination ... MedlinePlus Metabolic Syndrome Bot generated title ref Some studies have shown the prevalence ... author Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH year 2002 title Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among US ... 287 issue 3 pages 356 359 pmid 11790215 ref , and prevalence increases with age. Metabolic syndrome is also known as metabolic syndrome X , cardiometabolic syndrome , syndrome X , insulin resistance ... for metabolic syndrome set out by two different sources the International Diabetes Federation ref name idf.org The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. http www.idf.org ... . These are very similar and they identify individuals with a given set of symptoms as having metabolic ..., the NCEP definition indicates that metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed based on other criteria ... name idf.org The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome 2006 Central obesity ... Participants. Definition of metabolic syndrome report of the National, Heart, Lung ... of the Metabolic Syndrome An American Heart Association National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ... as a marker to predict coronary vascular diseases in metabolic syndrome and it was recently used as a predictor ... pmid 19271113 doi 10.1007 s00535 009 0002 5 url ref History The term metabolic syndrome dates back ... metabolic syndrome for associations of obesity , diabetes mellitus , hyperlipoproteinemia , hyperuricemia ... journal Diabetes volume 37 issue 12 pages 1595 607 pmid 3056758 ref The terms metabolic syndrome, insulin ... pathways of metabolic syndrome are not yet completely known. The pathophysiology is extremely complex ... factors are weight genetics ref Cite journal title Genetic determinants of the metabolic syndrome ... Genetic versus environmental aetiology of the metabolic syndrome among male and female twins url http ... title Genetics of the metabolic syndrome url http journals.cambridge.org action displayAbstract ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Metabolic acidosis Image Davenport Fig 12.jpg Caption Davenport diagram DiseasesDB 92 ICD10 ICD10 E 87 2 e 70 ICD9 ICD9 276.2 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 000335 eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 312 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 med 1458 eMedicine2 ped 15 MeshID In medicine , metabolic acidosis is a condition that occurs when the body produces too much acid or when the kidney s are not removing enough acid from the body. If unchecked, metabolic acidosis leads to acidemia , i.e., blood pH is low less than 7.35 due to increased production of hydrogen by the body or the inability of the body to form bicarbonate HCO sub 3 sub sup sup in the kidney. Its causes are diverse, and its consequences can be serious, including coma and death . Together with respiratory acidosis , it is one of the two ... term , muscle weakness and bone pain s. Those in metabolic acidosis may exhibit deep, rapid breathing .... Longstanding chronic metabolic acidosis leads to osteoporosis and can cause fracture s. Diagnosis ... levels are decreased 24 mmol l , metabolic acidemia is present, and metabolic acidosis is presumed ... of metabolic acidosis, a clinical tool called the anion gap is considered very useful. It is calculated ... is about 8 16 mmol l 12 4 . An elevated anion gap i.e. 16 mmol l can indicate particular types of metabolic ... sites entrez 17906597?dopt Abstract&holding f1000,f1000m,isrctn Causes Metabolic acidosis occurs .... There are several types of metabolic acidosis. The main causes are best grouped by their influence ... anion gap Main High anion gap metabolic acidosis Causes include lactic acidosis ketoacidosis chronic ... Compensatory mechanisms Metabolic acidosis is either due to increased generation of acid or an inability ... Renal compensation Buffer The decreased bicarbonate that distinguishes metabolic acidosis is therefore ... of death Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis References Refimprove date January 2008 reflist Fluid, electrolyte, acid base metabolic pathology Category Acid base disturbances ... more details
Metabolic imprinting refers to the epigenetic programming of metabolism during the pre natal and neo natal periods. Studies in both humans and animals have shown that the events during gestation and early post natal stages may have long term consequences for health. Fetal under nutrition is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, type II diabetes and hypertension, amongst other diseases biology stub Category Epigenetics Category Metabolism ... more details
Metabolic Advantage is a term used in nutrition to describe the ability of a dieting diet to achieve greater weight loss or less weight gain ref http www.proteinpower.com drmike metabolism overfeeding and metabolic advantage Overfeeding and the Metabolic Advantage. Protein Power. ref than another diet of equivalent calories. ref cite journal author Eugene J Fine and Richard D Feinman title Thermodynamics of weight loss diets journal Nutrition & Metabolism volume 1 issue 1 pages 15 year 2004 month December pmid 15588283 doi 10.1186 1743 7075 1 15 url http www.nutritionandmetabolism.com content 1 1 15 pmc 543577 ref It is a claimed effect of low carbohydrate diet s and was popularised by the Atkins diet , but although several mechanisms exist to make it biologically plausible , it has yet to be definitively demonstrated as a significant factor in weight control. Some studies ref cite journal pmid 16358395 year 1994 last1 Bandini first1 LG last2 Schoeller first2 DA last3 Dietz first3 WH title Metabolic differences in response to a high fat vs. A high carbohydrate diet volume 2 issue 4 pages 348 54 journal Obesity research ref that have specifically measured the changes in basal metabolic rate under isocaloric very high fat and very high carbohydrate diets have failed to find any statistically significant differences. Cause The human body obtains the majority of its energy through the citric acid cycle , which can use any of the macronutrients to generate adenosine triphosphate ATP used to transport chemical energy within cells. The chemical processes involved use energy themselves, so variations in the efficiency of these processes will have the same effect as variations in caloric intake. Gluconeogenesis The human body requires glucose for the brain and nervous system, and a diet that has very few or no dietary carbohydrates forces it to generate this glucose from protein ... produce only 57g of glucose from 100g of protein . This could be a significant contributor to metabolic ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The metabolic window is a term used in strength training to describe the 45 minute period after exercise during which nutrition can shift the body from a Catabolism catabolic state to an Anabolism anabolic one. Specifically, it is during this period that the intake of protein and carbohydrates can aid in the increase of muscle mass . ref name Ivy49 Ivy, John & Portman, Robert. http books.google.ca books?id 04GJNEwE6zMC&pg PA48&lpg PA48&dq 22metabolic window 22&source web&ots njZIq94s1m&sig 3z831UWMuBUHjbZZL8vrVei2lOs&hl en&sa X&oi book result&resnum 1&ct result PPA49,M1 Nutrient Timing The Future of Sports Nutrition . Basic Health Publications, Inc., 2004. ref Some theorists believe the metabolic window begins to close within minutes of the end of a workout. The same nutrients taken two hours later result in significantly reduced protein synthesis and muscle glycogen storage. ref name Ivy49 Further research is needed into the effects of food and exercise timing, but methodology has to be considered in these experiments. ref cite web url http www.tandfonline.com doi abs 10.1080 17461390801919102 title Protein for adaptations to exercise training publisher European Journal of Sport Science work Volume 8, Issue 2 date 2008 accessdate April 08, 2012 author Tipton, Kevin D. ref Update The metabolic window , or what is also referred to as the anabolic window , is considered by gym goers and supplement companies to be a 45 minute opportunistic period to increase muscle size by ingesting carbohydrates and amino acid supplements. This window however appears to be a myth although the ingestion of carbohydrates and amino acid supplementation is beneficial to those partaking in endurance type exercises, evidence supports it does not exist with respect to weight training activities. Muscle anabolism refers to muscle protein synthesis, the uptake of protein ... Resistance training Weight training Weightlifting References reflist DEFAULTSORT Metabolic ... more details
Metabolic rift is a term developed by John Bellamy Foster and other theorists to refer to Karl Marx Karl ... degradation . The concept of a metabolic rift, according to Foster, is the development of Marx ... labor. ref cite journal last1 Foster first1 John Bellamy year 1999 title Marx s Theory of Metabolic ... communist states, Foster sees in the theory of metabolic rift evidence of Marx s Ecology ecological perspective. The theory of metabolic rift enable ed Marx to develop a critique of environmental ... The concept of metabolic rift was developed in the context of the second agricultural revolution ... John Bellamy year 2009 title Ecological Imperialism and the Global Metabolic Rift Unequal Exchange ... human nature as metabolic relations, Marx allowed these processes to be both nature imposed conditions ... the 16th or 17th centuries, cities metabolic dependency upon surrounding countryside for resources, etc ... economic security was dependent upon its metabolic support system, ref Harvey 1996, p. 411. ref cities .... ref cite journal last1 Moore first1 Jason W. year 2000 title Environmental Crises and the Metabolic ... hand it concentrates the historical motive force of society on the other hand, it disturbs the metabolic ... contribution of the metabolic rift perspective is to locate socio ecological contradictions internal ... that resulted from metabolic rift. ref Foster 2000, p. 239. ref Contemporary Eco socialism eco socialist ... Press. ref The future socialist society The concept of metabolic rift captures the material Marx s theory ... planning due to the pressures of competition, ref Foster 2000, p. 164. ref the theory of metabolic ... agriculture the concept of metabolic rift has since been taken up in numerous fields and its scope expanded. For example, Clausen and Clark 2005 have extended the use of metabolic rift to marine ... The Metabolic Rift and Marine Ecology An Analysis of the Ocean Crisis Within Capitalist Production ... Foster title Ecological Imperialism and the Global Metabolic Rift Unequal Exchange and the Guano ... more details
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