The metabolic equivalent of task MET , or simply metabolic equivalent , is a physiological measure expressing the energy cost of exercise physical activities ref Physical activity can be defined as bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above the basal level citation needed date December 2011 ref and is defined as the ratio of metabolic rate and therefore the rate of energy consumption during a specific physical activity to a reference metabolic rate, set by convention to 3.5 ml O sub 2 sup kg sup 1 sup min sup 1 sup or equivalently 1 kcal kg sup 1 sup h sup 1 sup or 4.184 kJ kg sup 1 sup h sup 1 sup . Originally, 1 MET was considered as the resting metabolic rate RMR obtained during quiet sitting. ref Ainsworth et al., 1993 ref ref Ainsworth et al., 2000. ref MET values of activities range from 0.9 sleeping to 18 running at 17.5 km h or a 5 31 mile pace . Although the RMR of any person may deviate from the reference value, ref Byrne et al., 2005 ref ref Savage & Ades, 2007 ref MET values indicate the intensity of physical activities. MET can be thought of as an scale social sciences index of the intensity of activities an activity with a MET value of 2, such as walking at a slow pace e.g., 3 km h would require twice .... It must not be confused or misused as an approximation of basal metabolic rate BMR , which is the minimum metabolic rate obtained under specified conditions. This is illustrated by the fact that sleeping ... year 2011 ref Scope of usage of the MET concept Epidemiology and public health MET Metabolic Equivalent The ratio of the work metabolic rate to the resting metabolic rate. One MET is defined as 1 ... 20Activities, 20MSSE 202000.pdf Byrne, N. et al., Metabolic equivalent one size does not fit ..., 2000, ISBN 0873229398, 9780873229395 Savage P., Ades P., A re examination of the metabolic equivalent ... Anthropogenic metabolism Basal metabolic rate Calorimetry External links The Compendium of Physical ... more details
Metabolic supermice are mice which as a result of genetic modification have up to 100 times the concentration of the PEPCK C enzyme in their muscle s, compared to ordinary mice . They were created by a team of United States American scientists led by Richard Hanson, professor of biochemistry at Case Western Reserve University at Cleveland, Ohio , ref cite web url http news.independent.co.uk sci tech article3121157.ece title The mouse that shook the world first Steve last Connor publisher The Independent date 2007 11 02 ref ref cite web url http www.telegraph.co.uk earth main.jhtml?view DETAILS&grid &xml earth 2007 11 01 scimice101.xml title Genetically engineered mighty mouse is the rodent Lance Armstrong first Roger last Highfield publisher Telegraph date 2007 11 02 ref to gain a greater understanding of the PEPCK C enzyme, which is present mainly in the liver and kidney s. Professor Hanson noted that the supermice are metabolically similar to Lance Armstrong biking up the Pyrenees . They utilize mainly fatty acid s for energy and produce very little lactic acid . They are not eating or drinking and yet they can run for four or five hours. They are 10 times more active than ordinary mice in their home cage. They also live longer up to three years of age and are reproductively active for almost three years. In short, they are remarkable animals. However, they eat twice as much as Scientific control control mice, but they are half the weight, and are very aggressive. Why this is the case, we are not really sure. See also Oncomouse Knockout mice References Cite journal doi 10.1016 j.biochi.2008.03.009 author Hanson, R. W. & Hakimi, P. year 2008 title Born to run the story of the PEPCK Cmus mouse journal Biochimie volume 90 issue 6 pages 383 42 pmid 18394430 pmc 2491496 reflist Category Bioethics Category Genetically modified organisms Category Mice it Metabolic supermice ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Metabolic wastes or excretes are Chemical substance substance s left over from Cellular respiration excretory processes, which cannot be used by the organism they are surplus or have lethal effect , and must therefore be Excretion excreted . This includes nitrogen compounds, water , Carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub , phosphate s, sulfate s, etc. Animal s treat these compounds as excretes. Plant s have Chemistry chemical machinery which transforms some of them primarily the nitrogen compounds into useful substances, and it has been shown by Brian J. Ford that abscissa leaves also carry wastes away from the parent plant. In this way, Ford argues that the shed leaf acts as an excretory organ carrying away excretory products . All the metabolic wastes are excreted in a form of water solution solutes through the excretory Organ anatomy organs nephridia , Malpighian tubule s, kidney s , with the exception of CO sub 2 sub , which is excreted together with the water vapor throughout the lung s. The elimination of these compounds enables the chemical homeostasis of the organism. Nitrogen wastes The nitrogen compounds through which the very toxic nitrogen is eliminated from the organism are ammonia , urea and uric acid . All of these substances are product from the protein metabolism. Ammonia forms with the oxidation of amino group s NH sub 2 sub , which are removed from the proteins when they convert into carbohydrate s. It is a very toxic substance and only one nitrogen atom is removed with it. A lot of water is needed for the ammonia excretion. Thus, the marine organisms excrete ammonia directly in the water aminothelic organism s , while the terrestrial mainly amphibia ns and mammal s convert ammonia into urea, a process which occurs in the liver and kidney ... reactions, and in some other metabolic Chemical reaction reactions of the amino acids. Oxygen ... as solids. ref name excretion references DEFAULTSORT Metabolic Waste Category Excretion Category ... more details
Infobox Disease Name X linked myotubular myopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 310400 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID X linked myotubular myopathy is a myopathy associated with myotubularin 1 . Genetically inherited traits and conditions are often referred to based upon whether they are located on the sex chromosome s the X or Y chromosomes versus whether they are located on autosomal chromosomes chromosomes other than the X or Y . Thus, genetically inherited conditions are categorized as being sex linked e.g., X linked or autosomal . Females have two X chromosomes while males only have a single X chromosome, and a genetic abnormality located on the X chromosome is much more likely to cause clinical disease in a male who lacks the possibility of having the normal gene present on any other chromosome than in a female who is able to compensate for the one abnormal X chromosome . The X linked form of MTM CNM is the most commonly diagnosed type. Almost all cases of X linked MTM occurs in males. Females can be carriers for an X linked genetic abnormality, but usually they will not be clinically affected themselves. Two exceptions for a female with a X linked ... linked myotubular myopathy in a girl with skewed X inactivation journal Neuromuscul Disord volume ... also can clinical myopathy in girls, for the reasons noted above. Thus, experts recommend that girls with myopathy and a muscle biopsy showing a centronuclear pattern be tested for MTM1 mutations. ref ... that the genetic abnormality for myotubular myopathy MTM is X linked XL , having been identified ... mutation site identified for myotubular or centronuclear myopathy. Clinical suspicion for X linked ... mutation site causing centronuclear myopathy is the MTM1 gene. External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part mtm GeneReview NCBI NIH UW entry on X Linked Myotubular Myopathy ... signaling peptides and proteins DEFAULTSORT X Linked Myotubular Myopathy Category Myoneural ... more details
Acquired non inflammatory myopathy is a neurological condition that occurs most commonly due to hyperthyroidism and high dosage steroid treatment. If affects and weakens the muscles of the shoulder girdle, but is usually asymptomatic. Infrequently, weakness of the muscles on the trunk and proximal limbs can occur. Other causes of this condition are alcoholism, drug induced states, disturbances of vitamin D and calcium metabolism, Addison s disease, among others. ref name Essential Neurology, 2005 Essential Neurology, 2005 ref References reflist Category Neurological disorders Neuroscience stub ... more details
, this disorder is known as Distal Myopathy with Rimmed Vacuoles DMRV . IBM2 causes progressive muscle ... of disease, which is the reason IBM2 is often referred to as Quadriceps Sparing Myopathy QSM . Classification Types of hereditary inclusion body myopathy An autosomal dominant form IBM1 where the quadriceps ..., but with an unusual distribution that spares the quadriceps a so called quadriceps sparing myopathy ... what is hibmibm2.php . Nonaka distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles, essentially a form of IBM2. See OMIM 605820 http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez dispomim.cgi?cmd entry&id 605820 Inclusion body myopathy ... dispomim.cgi?id 167320 Inclusion body myopathy 3 IBM3 is linked to mutations in a gene encoding ... are not well understood. Hereditary inclusion body myopathy IBM constitutes a unique group of neuromuscular .... The autosomal recessive form, first characterized in Jews of Persian descent, is a myopathy that affects ... sparing myopathy QSM . This disorder was subsequently found in other Middle Eastern families ... kinase gene is mutated in recessive hereditary inclusion body myopathy journal Nat. Genet ... Myopathy 2 http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part ibmpfd GeneReviews NCBI NIH UW entry on Inclusion Body Myopathy with Paget Disease of Bone and or Frontotemporal Dementia Inclusion ... Inclusion Body Myopathy Category Muscular disorders ... more details
Infobox disease Name Desmin related myofibrillar myopathy Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 601419 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID GeneReviewsID GeneReviewsName Desmin related myofibrillar myopathy is a subgroup of the myofibrillar myopathy diseases and is the result of a mutation in the gene that codes for desmin which prevents it from forming protein filament s, instead forming aggregates of desmin and other proteins throughout the cell. ref name Bar cite journal author B r H, Strelkov SV, Sj berg G, Aebi U, Herrmann H title The biology of desmin filaments how do mutations affect their structure, assembly, and organisation? journal J. Struct. Biol. volume 148 issue 2 pages 137 52 year 2004 month November pmid 15477095 doi 10.1016 j.jsb.2004.04.003 url issn ref Pathophysiology The sarcomeres become misaligned and result in the disorganization of muscle fibers. ref name Bar This mutation also results in muscle cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. ref name Bar The muscle cell may also be disorganized because the aggregates may interrupt other filament structures and or normal cellular function. ref name Goldfarb cite journal author Goldfarb LG, Vicart P, Goebel HH, Dalakas MC title Desmin myopathy journal Brain volume 127 issue Pt 4 pages 723 34 year 2004 month April pmid 14724127 doi 10.1093 brain awh033 url issn ref Desminopathies are very rare diseases and only 60 patients have been diagnosed with so far, however this number probably does not accurately represent the population due to frequent mis or under diagnosis. ref name Goldfarb Presentation Common symptoms of the disease are weakness and atrophy in the distal muscles of the lower limbs which progresses to the hands and arms, then to the trunk, neck and face. Respiratory impairment often follows. Inheritance There are three major types of inheritance for this disease Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and de novo. The most severe form is autosomal recessive and it also has ... more details
Refimprove date June 2007 EPSM or Equine Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy is a muscle disease most commonly associated with heavy horse breeds. Common heavy horse breeds in the United States include the Clydesdale horse Clydesdale , Shire horse Shire , Belgian Draft or Belgian horse Belgian , Suffolk Punch and Percheron . EPSM may also occur in the American Quarter Horse and other light horse breeds or draft mules and horses that have draft lineage. The Quarter Horse community calls the condition PSSM Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy . EPSM may, less commonly, be found in most other breeds including Standardbred, Arab and Thoroughbred. Nature of the Condition EPSM is a genetic predisposition to fail to digest grains properly in the horse. The result leads to damage to muscle tissue during exertion. It is estimated by DNA testing that approximately two thirds of all draft horses have the predisposition for EPSM. ref http www.ruralheritage.com vet clinic epsm.htm Rural Heritage Vet Clinic Rural Heritage ref A Biopsy biopsy test can determine whether the horse has EPSM. An endocrine test after exercise may detect EPSM related muscle damage. EPSM can be fatal to affected horses. Diagnosis While many heavy horses have the predisposition for EPSM, most do not show symptoms. What triggers the condition from predisposition to active threat is not known. It may be that unexpected changes in work or diet cause the horse to lock up or over conserve electrolytes, causing failure of normal neuronal controls. The active result, failure to properly digest starches and sugars from grains, leads to a general system effect. The muscle tissues showing effect or damage varies widely. EPSM is not commonly diagnosed from symptoms, but rather by ruling out other potential causes for symptoms. The three primary techniques for confirming a diagnosis of EPSM are Try the added fats diet therapy for 4 6 months. If the horse improves, then EPSM is a likely suspect, and the horse is 4 6 months along ... more details
Orphan date December 2008 Mergeto Basal metabolic rate date December 2009 Standard Metabolic Rate SMR is the metabolic rate of a resting, fasting, and non stressed ectotherm at a particular temperature. References Biology 8th edition by Campbell, Reece, Urry, Cain, Waserman, Minorsky, Jackson Category Biology biology stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Metabolic risk score MRS is a measurement which be used to calculate the metabolism risk. See also Metabolic equivalent med stub Category Exercise physiology Category Medical scoring system ... more details
Field metabolic rate FMR refers to a measurement of the metabolic rate of a wildlife free living animal in the wild. Method Measurement of the Field metabolic rate is made using the doubly labeled water method, although alternative techniques, such as monitoring heart rate s, can also be used. The advantages and disadvantages of the alternative approaches have been reviewed by Butler, et al. ref Butler, P.J., Green, J.A., Boyd, I.L. and Speakman, J.R. 2004 Measuring metabolic rate in the field the pros and cons of the doubly labelled water and heart rate methods . Functional Ecology 18 168 183 ref Several summary reviews have been published. ref Speakman, JR 2000 The cost of living Field metabolic rates of small mammals. Advances in Ecological Research 30 177 297 ref ref Nagy, KA 2005 Field metabolic rates and body size. Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 1621 1625 ref References references DEFAULTSORT Field Metabolic Rate Category Metabolism Category Biology biology stub ... more details
Metabolic flux analysis is an analysis technique similar to Flux Balance Analysis used to determine the rate at which a metabolite is produced during a bioprocess. Category Systems biology bioinformatics stub ... more details
Expert subject Pathology date November 2008 Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D001851 Metabolic bone disease is an umbrella term referring to abnormalities of bones caused by a broad spectrum of disorders. Most commonly these disorders are caused by abnormalities of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or vitamin D leading to dramatic clinical disorders that are commonly reversible once the underlying defect has been treated. These disorders are to be differentiated from a larger group of genetic bone disorders where there is a defect in a specific signaling system or cell type that causes the bone disorder. There may be overlap. For example, Genetics genetic or hereditary hypophosphatemia may cause the metabolic bone disorder osteomalacia . Although there is currently no treatment for the genetic condition, replacement of phosphate often corrects or improves the metabolic bone disorder. Conditions considered to be metabolic bone disorders osteoporosis Paget s disease of bone osteomalacia adults & rickets children osteitis fibrosa cystica Osteoporosis is due to causal factors like atrophy of disuse and gonadal deficiency. Hence osteoporosis is common in post menopausal women and in men above 50 yrs. Hypercorticism may also be causal factor osteoporosis may be seen as a feature of Cushing s syndrome. External links http www.anapsid.org mbd.html Identification and treatment of metabolic bone disease http www.surgical tutor.org.uk default home.htm?system locomotor metabolic bone.htm right Metabolic Bone Disease http www.squirrel rehab.org rehabinfo mbd.html Squirrel Wildlife Rehabilitators Metabolic Bone Disease http www.reptileexpert.org metabolic bone disease Metabolic Bone Disease in reptiles An in depth review. Osteochondropathy Category Osteopathies ... more details
Infobox Journal title Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease cover editor J. Zschocke K.M. Gibson discipline Metabolism abbreviation J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. publisher Springer Science Business Media country frequency Bimonthly history 1978 present openaccess license impact 3.808 impact year 2010 website http www.springer.com medicine internal journal 10545 link1 http www.springerlink.com openurl.asp?genre issue&issn 0141 8955&issue current link1 name Online access link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC 5845444 LCCN CODEN JIMDDP ISSN 0141 8955 eISSN 1573 2665 The Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease is a Peer review peer reviewed medical journal covering inherited metabolic disorders. It was established in 1978 and is the official journal of the Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism . External links Official http www.springer.com medicine internal journal 10545 http www.ssiem.org home welcome.asp Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism Category Publications established in 1978 Category Medical genetics journals Category Springer academic journals Category Bimonthly journals Category English language journals med journal stub ... more details
Image A thaliana metabolic network.png thumb 240px right Metabolic network showing interactions between ... dots and interactions between them are the lines. Image Metabolic Network Model for Escherichia coli.jpg thumb right 240px Metabolic Network Model for Escherichia coli . Metabolic network reconstruction ..., and Teusink 2005 . A reconstruction breaks down metabolic pathways into their respective reactions ... metabolic pathways include glycolysis , citric acid cycle Krebs cycle , pentose phosphate pathway . In simplified terms, a reconstruction involves collecting all of the relevant metabolic information ... to a metabolic reconstruction Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes KEGG This is a bioinformatics ... detailed bioinformatics database on the genome and metabolic reconstruction of Escherichia coli ... metacyc index.shtml MetaCyc , an encyclopedia of experimentally defined metabolic pathways and enzymes, contains 1,500 metabolic pathways and 8,700 metabolic reactions Oct 2010 . Pathway Tools http bioinformatics.ai.sri.com ... takes an annotated genome for an organism and infers probable metabolic pathways to produce a new ... friendly network of metabolic and nonmetabolic pathways. metaTIGER http www.bioinformatics.leeds.ac.uk metatiger is a collection of metabolic profiles and phylogenomic information on a taxonomically ... facilities for viewing and comparing the metabolic profiles. ENZYME This is an enzyme Scientific classification ... resource for the analysis, comparison, reconstruction, and curation of genome scale metabolic ... annotation can be automatically piped into the Model SEED to produce a draft metabolic model. The Model SEED automatically constructs a network of metabolic reactions, gene protein reaction ... obtained from one of the many metabolic reaction and genome databases. This provides an added .... During a metabolic network reconstruction of Lactobacillus plantarum , the model showed that succinyl ... databases and published literature sources regarding the metabolic information of an organism ... more details
The metabolic theory of ecology MTE is an extension of Kleiber s law and posits that the metabolic rate .... B. West title Toward a metabolic theory of ecology journal Ecology volume 85 issue 7 pages 1771 89 ... size, body temperature, and Metabolism metabolic rate across all organisms. Small bodied organisms tend to have higher mass specific metabolic rates than larger bodied organisms. Furthermore, organisms ... tend towards higher metabolic rates than organisms that operate at colder temperatures. This pattern ... Metabolic rate scales with the mass of an organism of a given species according to Kleiber s law where B is whole organism metabolic rate in watts or other unit of power , M is organism mass ... math B b oM 3 4 e frac E k ,t math According to this relationship, metabolic rate is a function ... higher metabolic rates in Watts than small organisms, and organisms at high body temperatures have higher metabolic rates than those that exist at low body temperatures.However specific metabolic ... universal. ref name Agutter04 cite journal author Agutter, P.S., Wheatley, D.N. title Metabolic ... metabolic rate scales to the power of 3 4 or 2 3. The majority view is currently that 3 4 is the correct ... the relationship between metabolic rate and body size. ref name Agutter04 Smaller organisms tend ... than large organisms. As a consequence, small organisms must have higher specific metabolic rates to combat ... they have a slower metabolic rate. The 3 4 factor is then derived from the observation that selection ... Savage, Deeds, E. J. title Curvature in metabolic scaling journal Nature volume 464 issue 7289 pages 753 756 year 2010 doi 10.1038 nature08920 ref showed that relationship between mass and metabolic ... would remain true regardless of its precise numerical value. Implications of the theory The metabolic theory of ecology s main implication is that metabolic rate, and the influence of body size and temperature on metabolic rate, provide the fundamental constraints by which ecological processes are governed ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Metabolic Stability Hypothesis is an idea presented in the Juvenon Health Journal that lifespan of an organism can be related to its metabolic rate, and that greater longevity is experienced in those with stable metabolisms able to handle stress. It explains why humans would not benefit the way mice do from Calorie restriction due to their already superiorly stable metabolisms. External links http www.juvenon.com jhj vol5no09.htm Juvenon journal http www.longevitymeme.org news view news item.cfm?news id 2667 LongevityMeme analysis Category Aging Category Gerontology ... more details
Diagnostic infobox Name Basic metabolic panel Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO MedlinePlus eMedicine MeshID LOINC LOINC 24320 4 , LOINC 24321 2 , LOINC 51990 0 HCPCSlevel2 Reference range A basic metabolic panel BMP is a set of seven or eight blood chemical tests. It is one of the most common lab tests ordered by health care providers. It provides key information that has a variety of applications in guiding the medical management of a patient. For example, values can be used to assess and monitor a patient s fluid and electrolyte status, kidney function, blood sugar levels, and response to various medications and other medical therapies. It is also frequently employed as a screening tool to look for problems that might need to be addressed, as many disease processes can cause a derangement in the blood serum levels of basic metabolites. Components The version with seven tests is often referred to by medical professionals in USA as the CHEM 7 , or SMA 7 Sequential Multiple Analysis 7 . ref MedlinePlus 003462 ref The seven parts of a CHEM 7 are tests for Four electrolyte s sodium Na sup sup ref MedlinePlus 003481 ref potassium K sup sup ref MedlinePlus 003484 ref chloride Cl sup sup ref MedlinePlus 003485 ref bicarbonate HCO sub 3 sub sup sup or CO sub 2 sub ref MedlinePlus 003469 ref blood urea nitrogen BUN ref MedlinePlus 003474 ref creatinine ref MedlinePlus 003475 ref glucose ref MedlinePlus 003482 ref Calcium Ca sup 2 sup is often considered part of the BMP, ref cite web url http www.utmb.edu lsg LabSurvivalGuide chem bmp.htm title BASIC METABOLIC PANEL, SERUM accessdate 2007 08 26 work Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref ref cite web url http www.webmd.com a to z guides Basic Metabolic Panel Topic Overview title Basic Metabolic Panel Topic Overview ... metabolic panel including calcium is sometimes colloquially referred to as a CHEM 8 . Reporting div ... for common blood tests Comprehensive metabolic panel References references Blood tests Category ... more details
citations needed date July 2008 Diagnostic infobox Name Comprehensive metabolic panel Image CMP report.JPG Alt Caption Computer screen report of a Comprehensive metabolic panel. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO MedlinePlus eMedicine MeshID LOINC LOINC 24322 0 , LOINC 24323 8 HCPCSlevel2 Reference range The comprehensive metabolism metabolic panel , or chemical screen , CMP Current Procedural Terminology CPT code 80053 is a test panel panel of 14 blood test s which serves as an initial broad Screening medicine screening tool for physician s, nurse practitioners and physician assistants. Because it is often ordered as a routine part of an annual physical examination or check up, over time the CMP provides an important baseline of a patient s basic physiology . Any changes or abnormal results, and in particular combinations of abnormal results, thus provides important initial data for differential diagnosis , in which case more specialized tests may be indicated. In and of itself, however, the CMP provides an important gross check on the status of kidney function, liver function, and electrolyte and fluid balance . In addition to being used at routine physicals of healthy patients, the CMP is routinely administered to monitor the status of a patient with a chronic disease, such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension . Previous names for the panel of tests have been Chem 12 , Chemistry panel , Chemistry screen , SMA 12 , SMA 20 and SMAC Sequential Multiple Analysis Computer . ref name labtests The tests are performed on machines based on the AutoAnalyzer invented in 1957. Testing div style float right border solid 10px white Blood test sample values div Typically, the patient fasting fasts for ten or twelve hours before the blood is drawn for the test. The following tests are then performed ... title Comprehensive Metabolic Panel publisher Lab Tests Online date 2005 10 31 accessdate 2008 ... References references See also Reference ranges for common blood tests Basic metabolic panel ... more details
Refimprove date March 2012 Basal Metabolic Rate BMR , and the closely related resting metabolic rate ... anaerobic exercise does increase resting energy consumption see Basal metabolic rate Aerobic vs. anaerobic ..., used under less strict conditions, is resting metabolic rate RMR . ref cite web author CaloriesPerHour.com .... Physiology Both basal metabolic rate and resting metabolic rate are usually expressed in terms of daily ... tissue by expressing metabolic rate per unit of fat free or lean body weight, the values between ... to weight and basal metabolic values. The primary organ responsible for regulating metabolism is the hypothalamus ... gland associated with many metabolic disorders . Through the ANS, the hypothalamus is the main ... title Comparison of Predictive Equations for Resting Metabolic Rate in Healthy Nonobese ... weight, which does not take into account the difference in metabolic activity between lean body mass ... on the person s activity level. Causes of individual differences in BMR The basal metabolic rate ... reported basal metabolic rates from as low as 1027 kcal per day 4301 kJ to as high as 2499 kcal 10455 ... variation in basal metabolic rate include fat free mass, fat mass, age, and circulating thyroxine ... cance of Individual Variation in Basal Metabolic Rate volume 77 issue 6 pages 900 915 journal Physiological ... Postprandial thermogenesis increases in basal metabolic rate occur at different degrees depending on consumed ... BMR 20factors&f false ref What enables the Krebs cycle to perform metabolic changes to fats, carbohydrates ... metabolic or resting metabolic perspective, more energy is needed to burn a saturated fatty acid ... storage, and metabolic enzymes within muscles. The oxidative system aerobic is the primary ... first3 LS last4 Wilmore first4 JH title The effects of aerobic fitness on resting metabolic rate ... maximum aerobic power and resting metabolic rate in young adult women volume 82 issue 1 pages 156 ... metabolic rate. Anaerobic exercise such as weight training weight lifting builds additional muscle ... more details
Equine Metabolic Syndrome journal Proceedings of the Minnesota Veterinary Medical Association url ... fails does laminitis ensue ref cite journal last Kronfeld first DS coauthors et al title Metabolic ... LabMetabolicsynd.htm title Metabolic Syndrome in Horses accessdate 2008 05 ... Metabolic Syndrome in Horses accessdate 2008 05 31 ref Substantial clinical improvement can be achieved ... fact sheets hormonal problems equine metabolic syndrome format EMS title Equine Metabolic Syndrome ... more details
Metabolic control analysis MCA is a mathematical framework for describing Metabolic pathway metabolic , Cell signaling Signaling pathways signaling and genetic pathway s. MCA quantifies how variables, such as flux es and Chemical species species concentrations, depend on Network mathematics network parameters. In particular it is able to describe how network dependent properties, called control coefficient s, depend on Local property local properties called Elasticity of a function elasticities . ref Fell D., 1997 Understanding the Control of Metabolism, Portland Press. ref ref Heinrich R. and Schuster S. 1996 The Regulation of Cellular Systems, Chapman and Hall. ref ref cite journal author Salter M, Knowles R, Pogson C title Metabolic control journal Essays Biochem volume 28 issue pages 1 12 year 1994 pmid 7925313 ref MCA was originally developed to describe the control in metabolic pathways but was subsequently extended to describe signaling and Gene regulatory network genetic networks . MCA has sometimes also been referred to as Metabolic Control Theory but this terminology was rather strongly opposed by Henrik Kacser , one of the founders Citation needed date November 2010 . More recent work ref Ingalls, B. P. 2004 A Frequency Domain Approach to Sensitivity Analysis of Biochemical Systems , Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108, 1143 1152. ref has shown that MCA can be Isomorphism mapped directly on to classical control theory and are as such equivalent. Biochemical systems theory ref Savageau M.A 1976 Biochemical systems analysis a study of function and design in molecular ..., Tager, J.M., Wanders, R.J.A. & Westerhoff, H.V. 1985 Control analysis of metabolic systems. Trends ... implies that metabolic fluxes are systemic properties and that their control is shared by all Chemical ... links http dbkgroup.org mca home.htm The Metabolic Control Analysis Web DEFAULTSORT Metabolic Control ... biology Category Systems biology ca An lisi del control metab lic de Metabolic Control Analysis es ... more details
Primary sources date February 2010 The Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service is an information dissemination service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases NIDDK . The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health , which is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . The Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service is a part of the NIDDK s Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases. External links http endocrine.niddk.nih.gov Category Medical research Category Diabetes organizations ... more details
Infobox Disease Name High anion gap metabolic acidosis Image Caption DiseasesDB 15112 ICD10 ICD10 E 87 2 e 70 ICD9 ICD9 276.2 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID High anion gap metabolic acidosis is a form of metabolic acidosis characterized by a high anion gap . The list of agents that cause high anion gap metabolic acidosis is similar to but broader than the list of agents that cause a serum osmolal gap . Causes Causes include Mudpiles The mnemonic MUDPILES is commonly used to remember the causes of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis. ref MedicalMnemonics 1203 3255 ref ref http fitsweb.uchc.edu student selectives TimurGraham Anion Gap.html Anion Gap Acid Base Tutorial, University of Connecticut Health Center Bot generated title ref M Methanol U Uremia chronic renal failure D Diabetic ketoacidosis P Propylene glycol P used to stand for Paraldehyde but substance is not commonly used today I Infection , Iron , Isoniazid , Inborn errors of metabolism L Lactic acidosis E Ethylene glycol Note Ethanol is sometimes included in this mnemonic as well, although the acidosis caused by ethanol is actually primarily due to the increased production of lactic acid found in such intoxication. S Salicylates Another frequently used mnemonic is KARMEL. K Ketoacidosis A acetylsalicylic acid ASA R Renal failure M Methanol E Ethylene glycol L Lactic acidosis Another frequently used mnemonic is KUPIN. K Ketoacidosis DKA , Alcoholic ketoacidosis AKA U Uremia P Production Lactic acidosis I Ingestion Ethylene glycol , methanol N Need to Remember ASA , Metformin Other formaldehyde toluene sulfates metformin ref name pmid12380915 cite journal author Chang CT, Chen YC, Fang JT, Huang CC title High anion gap metabolic acidosis in suicide don t forget metformin intoxication two patients experiences journal Ren Fail volume 24 issue 5 pages 671 5 year 2002 month September pmid ... ch157c.html sec12 ch157 ch157c 1030 title Metabolic Acidosis Acid Base Regulation and Disorders Merck ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
