The RecF pathway , also called the RecFOR pathway , is a Metabolicpathwaypathway of homologous recombination that DNA repair repairs DNA in bacteria . It repairs breaks that occur on only one of DNA s two strands, known as single strand gaps. The RecF pathway can also repair double strand breaks in DNA when the RecBCD pathway, another pathway of homologous recombination in bacteria, is inactivated by mutations. ref name Morimatsu Cite journal title RecFOR proteins load RecA protein onto gapped DNA to accelerate DNA strand exchange a universal step of recombinational repair last1 Morimatsu first1 K last2 Kowalczykowski first2 SC date 22 May 2003 journal Molecular Cell volume 11 issue 5 pages 1337 1347 doi 10.1016 S1097 2765 03 00188 6 pmid 12769856 ref Like the RecBCD pathway, the RecF pathway requires RecA for strand invasion. The two pathways are also similar in their phases of branch migration , in which the Holliday junction slides in one direction, and resolution, in which the Holliday ... title Reconstitution of initial steps of dsDNA break repair by the RecF pathway of E. coli journal ... first4 SC issue 10 ref The RecF pathway begins when RecJ, an exonuclease that cleaves single stranded ... pathway, the RecFR complex binds where the single strand DNA of the 3 meets the double strand DNA ... Ikawa first3 S last4 Shibata first4 T last5 Mikawa first5 T ref The RecOR pathway of RecA loading differs from the RecFOR pathway in several respects, most notably its molecular interaction requirements and its ideal DNA substrate. ref name Sakai Unlike the RecFOR pathway, the RecOR pathway requires an interaction between RecO and the C terminus of SSBP. The RecOR pathway also does not need a ssDNA dsDNA junction to begin loading RecA onto the 3 overhang, whereas the RecFOR pathway typically does to work efficiently. Thus, the RecOR pathway in most conditions is more efficient than the RecFOR pathway in loading RecA. ref name Sakai References Reflist DEFAULTSORT RecF pathway Category Genetics ... more details
Refimprove date October 2008 Also called the sorbitol aldose reductase pathway , the polyol pathway appears to be implicated in diabetic complications, especially in microvascular damage to the retina , kidney , ref name Forbes cite journal last Forbes first JM coauthors Coughlan MT, Cooper ME title Oxidative stress as a major culprit in kidney disease in diabetes journal Diabetes volume 57 issue 6 pages 1446 1454 month June year 2008 url http diabetes.diabetesjournals.org cgi content full 57 6 1446 pmid 18511445 doi 10.2337 db08 0057 ref and nerves . ref http www.biology online.org dictionary ref Sorbitol cannot cross cell membranes , and, when it accumulates, it produces osmotic stresses on cells by drawing water into the insulin independent tissues. ref Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Vol 20, 314 326, Copyright 1981 by Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology ref Pathway Cells use glucose for energy however, unused glucose enters the polyol pathway when aldose reductase reduces it to sorbitol. This reaction oxidizes NADPH to NADP . Sorbitol dehydrogenase can then oxidize sorbitol to fructose , which produces NADH from NAD . Hexokinase can return the molecule to the glycolysis pathway by phosphorylating fructose to form fructose 6 phosphate. However, in uncontrolled diabetics that have high blood glucose more than the glycolysis pathway can handle the reaction s mass balance ultimately favors the production of sorbitol. Activation of the polyol pathway ... the polyol pathway. When blood glucose is normal about 100 mg dl or 5.5 mmol l , this interchange ... by activation of the pathway. In essence, the Fructose does the same thing. The amount of sorbitol ... pathway increases intracellular and extracellular sorbitol concentrations , increased concentrations ... not been conclusively determined that activating the polyol pathway damages microvasculature. Notes ... by ELSEVIER Category Chemical pathology Category Metabolic pathways Category Diabetes ... more details
Image Jasmonic acid structure.png 120px thumb right Jasmonic acid Image ALAnumbering.png 200px thumb right Alpha linolenic acid The octadecanoid pathway is a reasonably well characterized biosynthesis biosynthetic pathway for the production of the phytohormone jasmonic acid JA , an important hormone for induction of defense genes. JA is synthesized from alpha linolenic acid , which can be released from the plasma membrane by certain lipase enzymes. For example, in the wound defense response, phospholipase C will cause the release of alpha linolenic acid for JA synthesis. In the first step, alpha linolenic acid is redox oxidized by the enzyme lipoxygenase . This forms 13 hydroperoxylinolenic acid, which is then modified by a dehydrase and undergoes cyclization by allene oxide cyclase to form 12 oxo phytodienoic acid. This undergoes reduction and three rounds of beta oxidation to form jasmonic acid. ref http bldg6.arsusda.gov benlab Soybean 20Defense 20Response jasmonic acid synthesis.htm Jasmonic Acid Synthesis ref Footnotes references References cite book title Plant Hormones Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology publisher Kluwer Academic Press date location pages 836 isbn 978 0792329855 author Peter J Davies cite journal title Fatty acid derived signals in plants author Hans Weber journal Trends in Plant Science year 2002 volume 7 issue 5 pages 217 224 doi 10.1016 S1360 1385 02 02250 1 pmid 11992827 biochem stub Category Metabolic pathways ca Via octadecanoide ... more details
The methylglyoxal pathway is an offshoot of glycolysis found in some prokaryote s, which converts glucose into methylglyoxal and then into pyruvate . However unlike glycolysis the methylglyoxal pathway does not produce adenosine triphosphate , ATP. The pathway is named after the substrate methylglyoxal which has three carbons and two carbonyl groups located on the 1st carbon and one on the 2nd carbon. Methylglyoxal is, however, a reactive aldehyde that is very toxic to cells, it can inhibit growth in E. coli at milimolar concentrations. The excessive intake of glucose by a cell is the most important process for the activation of the methylglyoxal pathway. The Methylglyoxal pathway Image Methylglyoxal pathway picture.png thumb right 350px The methylglyoxal pathway, Based on http mic.sgmjournals.org cgi reprint 151 3 707 Weber Figure 4, pg. 711 The methylglyoxal pathway is activated by the increased intercellular uptake of carbon containing molecules such as glucose , glucose 6 phosphate , lactic acid lactate , or glycerol . Methylglyoxal is formed from dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP by the enzyme methylglyoxal synthase , giving off a phosphate group. Methylglyoxal is then converted ... the glyoxylase pathway , it is converted into lactoylguatathione and eventually D lactate. Both ... 3 phosphate GAP into DHAP. The usual pathway converting GAP to pyruvate starts with the enzyme glyceraldehyde ..., and Ursula Rinas, performed an experiment to test what happened to the methylglyoxal pathway when E ... 707 Weber 714 15 . Why does the Methylglyoxal pathway exist? This pathway does not produce any ATP, this pathway does not replace glycolysis it runs simultaneously to glycolysis and is only initiated with an increased concentration of sugar phosphates. One believed purpose of the methylglyoxal pathway ... of needed inorganic phosphate. The methylglyoxal pathway is a rather dangerous tactic, both ... cgi reprint 151 3 707 Weber 715 . References Weber, Jan, Anke Kayser, and Ursula Rinas. Metabolic ... more details
File Leloir pathway.png thumb right 300px alt Steps in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism. Intermediates and enzymes in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism ref name Leloir The Leloir pathway is a metabolicpathway for the catabolism of galactose small D small galactose . It is named after Luis Federico Leloir . In the first step, galactose mutarotase facilitates the conversion of small D small galactose to small D small galactose since this is the active form in the pathway. Next, small D small galactose is phosphorylation phosphorylated by galactokinase to galactose 1 phosphate . In the third step, Galactose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase small D small galactose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase converts galactose 1 phosphate to Uridine diphosphate galactose UDP galactose using Uridine diphosphate glucose UDP glucose as the uridine diphosphate source. Finally, UDP glucose 4 epimerase UDP galactose 4 epimerase recycles the UDP galactose to UDP glucose for the transferase reaction. Additionally, phosphoglucomutase converts the D glucose 1 phosphate to glucose 6 phosphate small D small glucose 6 phosphate . ref name Frey1996 ref name Garrett2010 References Reflist refs ref name Leloir cite journal author Holden HM, Rayment I, Thoden JB title Structure and function of enzymes of the Leloir pathway for galactose metabolism journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 278 issue 45 pages 43885 8 year 2003 month November pmid 12923184 doi 10.1074 jbc.R300025200 url issn ref ref name Frey1996 cite journal author Frey PA title The Leloir pathway a mechanistic imperative for three enzymes to change the stereochemical configuration of a single carbon in galactose journal FASEB J. volume 10 issue 4 pages 461 70 year 1996 month March pmid 8647345 doi url http www.fasebj.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 8647345 accessdate 2011 04 01 ref ref name Garrett2010 citation last1 Garrett first1 Reginald year 2010 title Biochemistry last2 Grisham first2 Charles M. edition 4 publisher ... more details
Mesocorticolimbic pathway may refer to mesolimbic pathway mesocortical pathway disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
An accessory pathway is an additional electrical conduction pathway between two parts of the heart . It alters characteristics of the electrical conduction system of the heart , and so has the potential to affect the cardiac cycle . Conditions involving accessory pathways include paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia Wolff Parkinson White syndrome in which the accessory pathway is referred to as the bundle of Kent See also Mahaim accessory pathway circulatory stub Category Cardiac dysrhythmia Category Heart ... more details
Pathway to Glory is a turn based tactics tactical turn based game for the Nokia N Gage , by Nokia and RedLynx , released in late 2004. Infobox VG title Pathway to Glory image File Pathway to Glory NGAGE cover.jpg 252px developer RedLynx publisher Nokia designer engine released December, 2004 genre Turn based tactics modes Single player , multiplayer , N Gage Arena ratings platforms Nokia N Gage media MultiMediaCard MMC requirements input Story In the summer of 1943, special forces are urgently needed in the struggle for Europe . Command a multinational unit of highly trained men and accomplish action packed, historical missions by defending, ambushing, destroying and attacking. Pathway to Glory can be played in single player and multiplayer mode, using either hot seat, N Gage Arena or a local Bluetooth connection. Developments Image Ptg01.jpg thumb Pathway to Glory screenshot. Reviews have been generally positive. ref cite web title Pathway to Glory ngage reviews at Metacritic.com url http www.metacritic.com games platforms ngage pathwaytoglory publisher Metacritic accessdate 2009 11 06 ref Pathway to Glory is considered a cult classic and lost gem by some turn based tactics fans. A sequel for Pathway to Glory was announced during E3 Electronic Entertainment Expo E3 2005 , titled Pathway to Glory Ikusa Islands . It was released in 2005. References reflist External links http www.n gage.com en R1 games gamedata pathway to glory.htm Pathway to Glory on N Gage.com http www.pathwaytoglory.com Pathway to Glory official site http forums.arena.n gage.com nokia board?board.id 20 Pathway to Glory forum at the N Gage Arena http www.gamerankings.com htmlpages2 918791.asp List of Pathway to Glory reviews at GameRankings Category N Gage games Category 2004 video games Category Europe exclusive video games Category Turn based tactics video games Category Video games developed in Finland Category World War II video games strategy videogame stub ru Pathway to Glory ... more details
Image Dopamineseratonin.png thumb 300px right Dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Nigrostriatal pathway can be seen projecting upward from the substantia nigra to the striatum . Dopaminergic pathways are neural pathways in the brain which transmit the neurotransmitter dopamine from one region of the brain to another. ref name urlBeyond the Reward Pathway cite web url http learn.genetics.utah.edu content addiction reward pathways.html title Beyond the Reward Pathway format work accessdate 2009 10 23 ref The nigrostriatal pathway is a neural pathway that connects the substantia nigra with the striatum . It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain, and is particularly involved in the production of movement, as part of a system called the basal ganglia motor loop. Loss of dopamine neuron s in the substantia nigra is one of the main pathological features of Parkinson s disease , ref Diaz, Jaime. How Drugs Influence Behavior. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall, 1996. ref leading to a marked reduction in dopamine function in this pathway. The symptoms of the disease typically do not show themselves until 80 90 of dopamine function has been lost. This pathway is also implicated in producing tardive dyskinesia , one of the side effects of antipsychotic drugs. These medications particularly the older typical antipsychotic s block D sub 2 sub dopamine receptor s in multiple pathways in the brain. The desired clinical effect of reducing psychosis psychotic symptoms is thought to be associated with blocking dopamine function in the mesolimbic pathway only. However, as many ... pathway, similar movement problems to those found in Parkinson s disease can occur. Other dopamine pathways Other major dopamine pathways include mesocortical pathway mesolimbic pathway tuberoinfundibular pathway See also antipsychotic dopamine Parkinson s disease Tardive dyskinesia Stuttering ... Pathway Category Cerebrum Category Central nervous system pathways ru ... more details
Image Dopamineseratonin.png thumb 300px right Dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Mesocortical pathway can be seen projecting to the prefrontal cortex from the VTA. Dopaminergic pathways are neural pathways in the brain which transmit Action potential signals from one region of the brain to another, resulting in release of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the receiving region. ref name urlBeyond the Reward Pathway cite web url http learn.genetics.utah.edu content addiction reward pathways.html title Beyond the Reward Pathway format work accessdate 2009 10 23 ref The mesocortical pathway is a neural pathway that connects the ventral tegmentum to the cerebral cortex , particularly the frontal lobe s. It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain . It is essential to the normal cognitive function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex part of the frontal lobe , and is thought to be involved in motivation and emotion al response. This pathway may be the brain system that is abnormal or functioning abnormally in psychosis psychoses , such as schizophrenia . ref Diaz, Jaime. How Drugs Influence Behavior. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall, 1996. ref It is thought to be associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia which include avolition , alogia and flat affect . This pathway is closely associated with the mesolimbic pathway , which is also known as the mesolimbic reward pathway. Other dopamine pathways Other major dopamine pathways include mesolimbic pathway nigrostriatal pathway tuberoinfundibular pathway See also Dopamine Schizophrenia References reflist External links http gslc.genetics.utah.edu units addiction reward pathways.cfm Diagram Neurotransmitter systems DEFAULTSORT Mesocortical Pathway Category Central nervous system pathways es V a mesocortical ru ... more details
Orphan date February 2011 The Pollinator Pathway is a mile long corridor of pollinator friendly gardens in planting strips being developed along Columbia street in Seattle, Washington . Started in 2008 by Sarah Bergmann, the project site spans one third of Seattle s width and provides a corridor of native plant gardens between two public green space s at either end of the project Seattle University is located at the west end, and Nora s Woods, at the east end . External links http www.pollinatorpathway.com Project website http o.seattletimes.nwsource.com html pacificnw 2013980700 pacificplife30.html http www.seattlemag.com 0p135a2354 scoop seattles pollinator pathway http www.good.is post pollinator pathway vital ecology in the emerald city http seattletimes.nwsource.com html localnews 2009738322 bee26m.html http blog.seattlepi.com art 2008 10 31 art as landscape the pollinator pathway Category Geography of Seattle, Washington DEFAULTSORT Pollinator Pathway ... more details
The amygdalofugal pathway Latin language Latin for fleeing from the amygdala and commonly distinguished as the ventral amygdalofugal pathway is one of the three principal pathways by which fibers leave the amygdala , a limbic system limbic structure in the temporal lobe medial temporal lobe of the brain . The other main efferent pathways from the amygdala are the stria terminalis and anterior commissure . While the stria terminalis carries information primarily from the corticomedian nuclei of the amygdala, the ventral amygdalofugal pathway carries output from the central and basolateral nuclei and delivers it a number of targets namely, the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus , the hypothalamus , the basal forebrain, the brain stem, septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens . While the stria terminalis follows a C shaped pathway along the lateral ventricles, the ventral amygdalofugal pathway is more direct and contains a higher proportion of myelinated axon s, causing the pathway to appear darker upon observation in stained crossection. References http thebrain.mcgill.ca flash a a 04 a 04 cr a 04 cr peu a 04 cr peu.html http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 109684417 abstract?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 http en.eyeplorer.com show me Ventral amygdalofugal pathway http books.google.com.au books?id k0jpgxY84dsC&pg PA187&lpg PA187&dq Amygdalofugal pathway&source bl&ots nriG9dYLO&sig C36G7tkOw1uES06zNlotJBqKhrU&hl en&ei 7220SqlGg5SQBZGuoNwL&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 5 v onepage&q Amygdalofugal 20pathway&f false DEFAULTSORT Amygdalofugal Pathway Category Limbic system Category Central nervous system pathways Category Cerebrum neuro stub ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced August 2009 orphan August 2009 Vacuolar pathway Movement of H sub 2 sub O in plant cell s via the vacuoles located in the cytoplasm of the cell. The H sub 2 sub O molecules encounter high resistance however and as a result little flow usually occurs making this pathway insignificant, the Apoplast Apoplast pathway and Symplast Symplast pathway being the major pathways for movement of water in plants. Water moves by osmosis across the vacuoles of the cells of the root system. The water moves down a concentration gradient from the soil solution to the xylem. Category Plant physiology ... more details
Orphan date May 2011 infobox biodatabase title Pathway Commons logo File Database.png description biological pathway s. scope organism center Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center laboratory Computational Biology Center author Ethan G Cerami pmid Cerami & al. 2011 ref name pmid21071392 released 2010 standard format url http www.pathwaycommons.org download http www.pathwaycommons.org pc snapshot download webservice http www.pathwaycommons.org pc webservice.do?cmd help doc sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version Pathway Commons is a database of biological pathway s from multiple organisms. ref name pmid21071392 cite journal quotes yes last Cerami first Ethan G authorlink coauthors Gross Benjamin E, Demir Emek, Rodchenkov Igor, Babur Ozg n, Anwar Nadia, Schultz Nikolaus, Bader Gary D, Sander Chris year 2011 month Jan title Pathway Commons, a web resource for biological pathway data journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 39 issue Database issue pages D685 90 publisher location England issn pmid 21071392 doi 10.1093 nar gkq1039 bibcode oclc id url pmc 3013659 language eng format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References references See also biological pathway Reactome External links http www.pathwaycommons.org Biodatabase stub Category Biological databases Category Metabolism Category Systems biology ... more details
The tuberoinfundibular pathway refers to a population of dopamine neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the mediobasal hypothalamus the tuberal region that project to the median eminence the infundibular region . It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain. Dopamine released at this site regulates the secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland. Some antipsychotic drugs block dopamine in the tuberoinfundibular pathway, which can cause an increase in blood prolactin levels hyperprolactinemia . This can cause abnormal lactation even in men , disruptions to the menstrual cycle in women, visual problems, headache and sexual dysfunction . Other dopamine pathways Other major dopamine pathways include mesocortical pathway mesolimbic pathway nigrostriatal pathway See also antipsychotic dopamine External links BrainInfo ancil 745 http gslc.genetics.utah.edu units addiction reward pathways.cfm Diagram Neurotransmitter systems Category Cerebrum Category Central nervous system pathways Category Article Feedback 5 es V a tuberoinfundibular ru sr Tuberoinfundibularni put ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2011 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Pathway to Deviance Type studio Artist Desecration band Desecration Cover Pathway To Deviance.jpg Released 2002 Recorded Genre Death metal br Black metal Length Label Copro Records Producer Desecration band Desecration Reviews Last album Inhuman album Inhuman br 2000 This album Pathway to Deviance br 2002 Next album Gore and PerVersion 2 br 2003 Pathway to Deviance is the fifth album by death metal band Desecration band Desecration . Track listing Cleaver,Saw and Butcher s Knife Offer The Flesh King of the Missing Bloody Human Carvery None of us are Saints Let s Have A Hanging Swollen Bathroom Autopsy They Bled Frosted Breath Reviews Pathway to Deviance received a rating of 4.3 5 at http www.metalireland.com nrev pathway.html Metal Ireland Category 2002 albums Category Desecration albums Category Article Feedback 5 2000s death metal album stub ... more details
Coord 45.426498 75.699109 format dms display title Infobox Hiking trail Name Capital Pathway Photo Ottawa Sept 09 2006 068.jpg Caption A section of the pathway on the Ottawa River just west of Parliament ...?cid 16297 16299 9970 9971&lang 1 The Capital Pathway National Capital Commission The Capital Pathway ... recreational pathway interlinking many parks, waterways and sites in Ottawa , Ontario and Gatineau , Quebec ...?cid 16297 16299 9970 9971&lang 1 title The Capital Pathway National Capital Commission accessdate 2010 06 23 date 2010 06 10 publisher National Capital Commission ref Most of the pathway is paved ... Region . The pathway, was mostly the work of the National Capital Commission , a crown corporation created in 1959. The trail, which includes the Rideau Canal Pathway, the Ottawa River Pathway, and the Rideau River Pathway extends in all directions to the limits of the city of Ottawa and extends northward into Gatineau Park s lakes. History The Capital Pathway was a project of the National Capital ... River Pathway in the early 1970s. ref cite web url http www.canadascapital.gc.ca data 2 rec docs 6579 Public Consultation Report Ottawa River Path.pdf title The Ottawa River Recreational Pathway format PDF date accessdate 2011 08 26 ref The majority of the pathway continues to be maintained by the NCC ... 9971&lang 1 title The Capital Pathway National Capital Commission publisher Canadascapital.gc.ca date 2010 07 23 accessdate 2011 08 26 ref The section of the Ottawa River Pathway between Acres Road ... River Pathway This very long pathway is along the south bank of almost the entire length Ottawa s portion ... River . Going westward, it meets up with the pathway along the Aviation parkway which is at the Aviation ... Drive and beyond to end at Shirleys Bay. Rideau Canal Pathway File Canal Rideau.jpg Canal Rideau left thumb The most well known of all the sections of the Capital Pathway is the Rideau Canal section ... to Ottawa s south boundary. Rideau River Pathway This pathway is almost unknown by tourists but frequented ... more details
s most prestigious business schools, features and uses Pathway as a case study in successful entrepreneurship as part of its well known MBA curriculum. Pathway s sister company, NetPulse Services ... Outsourcing solution s. In 2006 Pathway acquired CiteNet Internet , an ISP based in Montreal, Quebec. The Pathway Group consists of Pathway Communications, CiteNet Internet, NetPulse Services and Teliuvo ... to residential and business clients in Canada. Pathway Communications has recently moved into its ... more details
Engineering Pathway is a portal to high quality teaching and learning resources in applied science and math, engineering, computer science information technology and engineering technology, for use by K 12 and university educators and students. It is the engineering education wing of the National Science Digital Library NSDL . The Engineering Pathway uses ABET accreditation criteria to tag educational resources with this criteria and link teaching resources to research on outcomes assessment. It has also established community groups for each ABET accredited disciplines in http www.engineeringpathway.com ep community eng.jhtml Engineering and http www.engineeringpathway.com ep community comp.jhtml Computing . External links http www.engineeringpathway.com ep Engineering Pathway Digital Library http nsdl.org National Science Digital Library http www.nsf.gov funding pgm summ.jsp?pims id 5487&org NSF NSF NSDL Program Description Category Science and technology in the United States Category Engineering education Category Discipline oriented digital libraries library stub DEFAULTSORT Engineering Pathway ... more details
A biological pathway is a series of actions among molecules in a cell that leads to a certain product or a change in a cell. Such a pathway can trigger the assembly of new molecules, such as a fat or protein. Pathways can also turn genes on and off, or spur a cell to move. ref http www.genome.gov 27530687 ref Some of the most common biological pathways are involved in metabolism , the Downregulation and upregulation regulation of genes and the Cell signaling transmission of signals . See also WikiPathways Reactome Pathway commons Proteostasis Cysteine metabolism Sources references Category Molecular biology Molecular biology stub ... more details
A neural pathway , neural tract , or neural face , connects one part of the nervous system with another and usually consists of bundles of elongated, myelin insulated neuron s, known collectively as white matter . Neural pathways serve to connect relatively distant areas of the brain or nervous system, compared to the local communication of grey matter . Naming of neural pathways The first named pathways are evident to the naked eye even in a poorly preserved brain , and were named by the great anatomists of the Renaissance using cadaver material. Examples of these include the great commissures of the brain such as the corpus callosum Latin , hard body not to be confused with the Latin word colossus the huge statue , anterior commissure , and posterior commissure . Further examples of this by no means a complete list include the Corticospinal tract pyramidal tract , cerebral peduncle crus cerebri Latin , leg of the brain , and cerebellar peduncles Latin , little foot of the cerebellum . Note that these names describe the appearance of a structure but give one no information on its function or location. Later, as neuroanatomy neuroanatomical knowledge became more sophisticated, the trend was toward naming pathways by their origin and termination. For example, the nigrostriatal pathway , which is degenerated in Parkinson s disease , runs from the substantia nigra Latin , black substance ... number of structures in a pathway, such that the cerebellorubrothalamocortical pathway originates in the cerebellum ... Pyramid of Giza pyramids of antiquity, from the appearance of this neural pathway in the medulla oblongata ... sheaths, then the pathway appears bright white because myelin is primarily lipid . If most or all of the axons lack myelin sheaths i.e., are unmyelinated , then the pathway will appear a darker ... tract pyramidal or corticospinal tract Dopamine pathways mesocortical pathway mesolimbic pathway . nigrostriatal pathway tuberoinfundibular pathway References Haines DE. Neuroanatomy An Atlas of Structures ... more details
to medical guidelines. However a single pathway may refer to guidelines on several topics in a well specified context. Definition of Clinical Pathway Multidisciplinary management tool based on evidence ... interventions. History The clinical pathway concept appeared for the first time at the New England ... Steps Protocols. In 2005, the telehealth clinical pathway was introduced to standardize telehealth ..., a care pathway is typically crystallised in the development and use of a single all encompassing ... in the course of the pathway going forward and ultimately as a single unified legal record of the care the patient has received, and the progress of their condition, as the pathway has been undertaken. The pathway design tries to capture the foreseeable actions which will most commonly represent best ... in the pathway document to ascertain whether they have been carried out, and whether results have ..., and an important part of the purpose of the pathway documents is to capture information on variances ... of the pathway. Selection Criteria The following signals may indicate that it may be useful to commit resources to establish and implement a clinical pathway for a particular condition Prevalent pathology ... to work on a specific condition Examples Liverpool Care Pathway for the dying patient ... care map Map of Medicine, updated 30 July 2010 See also European Pathway Association EPA Evidence ... 33 42 http www.scribd.com Komite 20Medik Indonesian External links http www.e p a.org European Pathway Association http www.nkp.be 00000095de0808c10 index.html Belgian Dutch Clinical Pathway Network http ... Clinical Pathway Category Healthcare management Category Medical terms ca Traject ria cl nica ... more details
The spinocervical pathway is a four neuron , fast conducting , tactile pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex . It involves the primary sensory neuron in the dorsal root ganglion , second order cell in the posterior horn of spinal cord dorsal horn , third order cell in the lateral cervical nucleus near C1 and C2, and a fourth order cell in Isothalamus Tactile lemniscal territory VPC.3DVPL.2BVPM VPL thalamus . ref Cite web url http library.med.utah.edu kw brain atlas glossary s057.htm title KnowledgeWeaver HyperBrain Atlas at University of Utah ref It is well developed in the cat , but vestigial in humans . References references Category Peripheral nervous system Neuroanatomy stub ... more details
The incertohypothalamic pathway is a short dopaminergic pathways dopaminergic pathway in the hypothalamus of the brain. It has a role in sexual behaviour. ref cite journal last Giuliano first F coauthors Allard title Dopamine and sexual function journal International Journal of Impotence Research year 2001 month August volume 13 issue Supplement 3 pages S18 S28 pmid 11477488 url http www.nature.com ijir journal v13 n3s abs 3900719a.html accessdate 31 August 2011 doi 10.1038 sj.ijir.3900719 ref Reflist Category Central nervous system pathways neuroscience stub ... more details
Refimprove date July 2007 Superherobox Wikipedia WikiProject Comics image caption Pathway comic color background ff8080 character name Pathway real name Laura Dean species Mutant Marvel Comics Human Mutant publisher Marvel Comics debut Alpha Flight 53 Dec 1987 creators Bill Mantlo and Jim Lee alliance color background ffc0c0 alliances Beta Flight aliases powers Interdimensional transportation Pathway Laura Dean is a fictional character , Mutant Marvel Comics mutant and a superhero featured in the publications of Marvel Comics . Most of her appearances were in the series Alpha Flight . Publication history Laura Dean first appeared in Alpha Flight 53 December 1987 , and was created by Bill Mantlo and Jim Lee . The character subsequently appears in Alpha Flight 54 62 January September 1988 , 64 71 November 1988 June 1989 , 82 March 1990 , 109 112 June September 1992 , and 120 May 1993 . Laura Dean received an entry in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Update 89 2. Fictional character biography Laura Dean s parents Darby and Susan were extremely mutaphobic United States Americans who decided to have Laura s twin fetus destroyed because it was obviously a mutant. Whilst still a fetus, the soon to be Laura protected her twin sister by using her mutant power to open portals to other dimensions and sent her to the realm that would later be called Liveworld. After her birth, Laura grew up autistic and withdrawn from the world. In an attempt to cure her autism, her parents sent her to the New Life Clinic, which was actually run by the insane villain Scramble comics Scramble . Laura managed to escape, but was later caught by Bedlam ..., resulting in the subsequent disbanding of Beta Flight, Pathway s whereabouts are unknown ... date May 2007 External links http alphaflight.net alphanex index.php?title Pathway AlphaFlight.Net Alphanex Entry on Pathway DEFAULTSORT Pathway Comics Category Marvel Comics characters who can teleport ... more details
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