Metabolictyping is the term for a diet nutrition diet based upon the concept of metabolic type . Proponents ... for one person may be inappropriate for a second, and detrimental for a third. Metabolictyping claims to use common visible symptoms related to the skin, eyes, and other superficial parts of the body to assess different aspects of a person s metabolism and categorize them into broad metabolic types. In addition, some proponents of metabolictyping use tests such as hair analysis alternative medicine hair analysis to determine a person s metabolic type . ref name wolcott1 The MetabolicTyping Diet, Wolcott and Fahey, p.118 119 ref A number of somewhat different metabolictyping diet plans are currently marketed. The validity and effectiveness of metabolictyping have not been established ... , a metabolictyping firm, described by Quackwatch . Accessed April 27, 2007. ref Background Metabolictyping was introduced by William Donald Kelley, a dentist , in the 1960s. Kelley advocated ... therapy. He continued to promote a metabolictyping diet through the 1980s. ref name qw1 cite ... 17, 2004 ref Effectiveness Although metabolictyping diets have been promoted to patients with cancer ... medicine, metabolictyping has come under fire by certain people in the traditional medical ..., Kelley, and Contreras metabolic therapies show no evidence of efficacy. ref name mskcc http www.mskcc.org mskcc html 69299.cfm Metabolic Therapies Information sheet from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center . Accessed April 27, 2007. ref Some metabolictyping companies use a battery of blood .... He received 2 drastically different metabolictyping reports and dietary plans. Both plans involved ... reflist 2 Category Diets de MetabolicTyping ... Kelley Gonzalez Metabolic Therapy accessdate April 27, 2007 publisher Quackwatch ref The practice has been further developed by others including Dr.Harold J. Kristal and William Wolcott. Metabolic ... more details
2009 File Computer keyboard.gif thumb Person typing on a Laptop notebook computer keyboard File Typing example.ogv thumb Video of typing on a notebook computer keyboard Typing is the process of inputting ... features such as spell checker , autocomplete , and autoreplace serve to facilitate and speed up typing and to prevent or correct errors the typist may make. Technique Touch typing File Touch typing.svg thumb right Typing zones on a QWERTY keyboard for each finger taken from KTouch Main Touch typing The basic technique stands in contrast to hunt and peck typing as the typist keeps their eyes on the source copy at all times. Touch typing also involves the use of the home row method, where typists ... also use keyboard shortcut s or hotkeys when typing on a computer. This allows them to edit their document ... without missing a beat. Hunt and peck Hunt and peck two fingered typing , also known as search and peck , is a common form of typing, in which the typist must find and press each key individually. This is usually slower than touch typing . Instead of relying on the memorized position of keys, the typist ..., any typographical error typing errors that are made may not be noticed immediately, if at all. There is also ... distance. File CCC typing class.gif thumb right 300px Civilian Conservation Corps typing class, 1933 There are many idiosyncratic typing styles in between hunt and peck and touch typing for example ..., or sacrifice of speed. Buffering Some people combine touch typing and hunt and peck by using ... frequent up and down motions with the head and is used in typing competitions in which the typist is not well versed in touch typing. It is not normally used in day to day contact with keyboards, only when time is of the essence. Thumbing A late 20th century trend in typing, primarily used with devices ... or thumb typing. This can be accomplished using one or both thumbs. Similar to desktop keyboards and input ... to both articles. Further Words per minute Words per minute WpM is a measure of typing speed ... more details
type systems Multiple issues unreferenced December 2007 context October 2009 In computer programming , latent typing as opposed to eager typing or manifest typing is a style of Type system typing that does not require or perhaps even offer explicit Declaration computer science type declaration s. Latent typing is heavily associated with duck typing and dynamic typing at Run time program lifecycle phase run time , but may also be achieved by type inference and static typing at compile time . A related term, implicit typing , also covers static type inference systems with few or no annotations. See also Duck typing DEFAULTSORT Latent Typing Category Data types Category Type systems compu lang stub ... more details
Infobox Software name Tux Typing logo screenshot caption developer community project latest release version 1.8.0 latest release date 2009 11 10 programming language C programming language C operating system Cross platform language English genre Educational Typing Tutor for Children license GNU General Public License website http tux4kids.alioth.debian.org tuxtype tux4kids.alioth.debian.org tuxtype Tux Typing is a free and open source typingtyping tutor created especially for children. It features several different types of game play, at a variety of difficulty levels. It is designed to be fun and educational. It is written in the C programming language and is available in the repositories of some Linux distribution s such as Fedora operating system Fedora . Interface Each fish has a letter or a word written on it. When the player presses the corresponding key, or types the appropriate word, Tux will position himself to eat the fish made for children learning to type and spell. ref http www.pcworld.ca downloads details 152332.htm ref References reflist 2 Tina Gasperson September 08, 2008 http www.linux.com archive feature 146602 Three typing tutors and a boy , linux.com See also Tux Paint External links http tux4kids.alioth.debian.org tuxtype Official Website edu videogame stub open source video games Category Software for children Category Typing software Category Linux games Category Free, open source educational games ca Tux Typing ... more details
Infobox holiday holiday name Typing Day type international image TypingDay.png thumb imagesize caption official name nickname observedby Junior Chamber International litcolor longtype significance date 8 January celebrations observances relatedto Reading Day Typing Day also known as International Typing Day or World Typing Day is an annual event that falls on 8th January in Malaysia. It is co organized by the STC Speed Typing Contest Team from JCI Junior Chamber International Mines and Team TAC Typo Auto Corrector to promote speed, accuracy and efficiency in written communication among the public. Origination Typing Day was conceptualized in Malaysia and falls yearly on the 8th of January. It was first celebrated in 2011 and aims to encourage people to express themselves via written communication and also in commemoration of the Malaysian Speed Typing Contest 2011, which broke two records in the Malaysian Book of Records MBR i.e. the Fastest Typist and the Largest Participation for a Typing Event. Typing Day was originally conceived by Team TAC Typo Auto Corrector , which consist of Jay Chong Yen Jye, Nicholas Koay Zhen Lin and Edwin Khong Wai Howe, the winner of the MSC Malaysia IHL Business Plan Competition MIBPC 2010 2011 s Business Plan Category. ref http pulse.mmu.edu.my index.php?sectid 1&artsect 2&artid 152 ref ref http www.mscmalaysia.my article MSC Unipreneur MIBPC 2010 Results ref With the aspiration to encourage everyday people especially the younger generation to type and learn proper English, Team TAC has designed and developed the SecondKey, a computer program that automatically corrects wrong English spellings in virtually any online and offline type written interface i.e. social network sites, word processing programs, etc. Working closely together with Microsoft ... with various add on features to enhance typing accuracy and efficiency. Typing Day will be held on this day .... References Reflist Category January observances Category Typing ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced August 2009 essay like January 2009 Merge to Strong and weak typing date November 2010 type systems In computer science , weak typing a.k.a. loose typing is a property attributed to the type system s of some programming language s. It is the opposite of strong typing , and consequently the term weak typing has a number of different meanings, since strong typing does. One of the more common definitions states Which date May 2011 that weakly typed programming languages are those that support either implicit type conversion nearly all languages support at least one implicit type conversion , ad hoc polymorphism computer science polymorphism also known as overloading or both. These less restrictive usage rules can give the impression that strict adherence to typing rules is less important than in strongly typed languages and hence that the type system is weaker . However, such languages usually have restrictions on what programmers can do with value computer science value s of a given datatype type thus it is possible for a weakly typed language to be Type safety type safe . Moreover, weakly typed languages may be statically typed , in which case overloading is resolved statically and type conversion operations are inserted by the compiler, or dynamically typed, in which case everything is resolved at run time. One claimed advantage of weak typing over strong typing is that it requires less effort on the part of the programmer because the compiler or interpreter implicitly performs certain kinds of conversions. However, one claimed disadvantage is that weakly typed programming systems catch fewer errors at compile time and some of these might still remain after testing has been completed. Two commonly used languages that support many kinds of implicit conversion are C programming language C and C , and it is sometimes claimed that these are weakly ... typed languages. PHP and Perl are two examples of weakly typed languages. DEFAULTSORT Weak Typing ... more details
Refimprove date May 2008 Image Touch typing.svg thumb right 400px Typing zones on a QWERTY keyboard for each ... method. Touch typing also called touch type or touch method is typing without using the sense ... on the keyboard through muscle memory . Touch typing typically involves placing the eight fingers ... keys. A person who spends most of their day touch typing is usually a copy typist or an audio typist . Frank Edward McGurrin , a court stenographer from Salt Lake City who taught typing classes, reportedly invented touch typing in 1888. On a standard keyboard for English speakers the home row keys are ASDF ... date quote Qwerty s effect, by reducing those annoying clashes, was to speed up typing rather ... who taught typing classes, reportedly invented touch typing. On July 25, 1888, McGurrin, who was reportedly the only person using touch typing at the time, won a decisive victory over Louis Traub operating Caligraph with eight finger method in a typing contest held in Cincinnati. The results were ... won US 500 equivalent to 11,400 in 2007 USD and popularized the new typing method. Whether McGurrin .... Speeds attained by other typists in other typing competitions at the time suggest that they must ... Stephen E. url http www.reason.com news show 29944.html title Typing Errors magazine Reason magazine ... the key board. The most common other form of typing is search and peck typing or two fingered typing . This method is slower than touch typing because instead of relying on the memorized position of keys .... Advantages Speed Touch typing can efficiently bring an average speed typist to 60 words per minute ... type, comfortable typing speed is expected to be achieved within a month. citation needed date August ... them by touch alone. The typing speed can be increased gradually with regular practice and speeds around ... to learn touch typing and many of these are free. Learning touch typing can be stressful both to the fingers ... minimal stress on the fingers. Typing speed generally improves with practice. While practicing, it is important ... more details
Mergeto Type system Explicit or implicit declaration and inference date August 2009 Type systems In computer science, manifest typing is when the software programmer explicitly identifies the type of each variable being declared. For example if variable X is going to store integers then its type must be declared as integer. In contrast, some programming languages use implicit typing a.k.a. type inference where the type is deduced from context or allow for Type system Dynamic typing dynamic typing in which the variable is just declared and may be assigned a value of any type at runtime. Examples Consider the following example written in the C programming language C programming language source lang c include stdio.h int main void char s Test String float x 0.0 int y 0 printf Hello World n return 0 source Note that the variables s , x , and y were declared as a character array, floating point number, and an integer, respectively. The type system rejects, at compile time, such fallacies as trying to add s and x . In contrast, in Standard ML , the types are not explicitly declared. Instead, the type is determined by the type of the assigned expression. let val s Test String val x 0.0 val y 0 in print Hello World n end There are no manifest types in this program, but the compiler still infers the types code string code , code real code and code int code for them, and would reject the expression code s x code as a compile time error. See also Type system External links http c2.com cgi wiki?ManifestTyping Manifest typing DEFAULTSORT Manifest Typing Category Type systems compu lang stub ... more details
copy edit date December 2011 lead too short date December 2011 Infobox VG title The Typing of the Dead image Image TTOTD Packshot.jpeg 256px center The Typing of the Dead Box Art original Japanese Dreamcast ..., 8x CD ROM Drive, DirectX compatible sound card input Keyboard computing Keyboard The Typing of the Dead ... is a standard video game light gun light gun shooter, Typing replaces the gun with the Keyboard computing keyboard . While the game is an educational game , as it requires players to enhance their typing ... of flowers to kill zombies The Typing of the Dead has been described variously as a Video game remake remake or Mod computer gaming mod of the original House of the Dead 2 . Like the original, Typing ... shooting zombie s and other enemies with typing out words or phrases to kill them. When ... The Typing of the Dead accessdate 2008 03 09 publisher GameSpy work Planet Dreamcast ref ref name retro cite web url http www.justgamesretro.com PC typingdead.html title The Typing of the Dead accessdate ..., and the secrets bonus items hidden throughout the game. ref name import cite news title The Typing ... using some sort of alteration of usual gameplay e.g. a long phrase, typing the correct answer ... storyline, as well as Tutorial, Drill, and Boss modes for additional typing training. ref name IGNrev cite news title The Typing of the Dead url http dreamcast.ign.com articles 165 165674p1.html publisher ... Curien case. ... James, go and prevent the confusion in the city. The Typing of the Dead, Sega ... and an expert on the Geonome theory. We have to stop him. The Typing of the Dead, Sega Smilebit, 2001 ... is responsible to...to protect the life cycle...I have made a creature to rule over mankind. The Typing ... The Typing of the Dead FAQ accessdate 2008 03 08 publisher passagen.se ref Endings Explosion Ending ... thumb left An original arcade cabinet of the game The Typing of the Dead was first released for arcades ... retro ref cite web url http www.klov.com game detail.php?letter T&game id 10244 title Typing of the Dead ... more details
Notability date May 2008 Infobox VG title JumpStart Typing image developer Knowledge Adventure br Van Duyne Engineering publisher Knowledge Adventure series JumpStart released 1997 in video gaming 1997 designer engine genre educational game Educational modes Single player ratings Entertainment Software Rating Board ESRB K A br RSAC ALL platforms Personal computer PC Microsoft Windows Windows , Apple Macintosh Macintosh media CD ROM requirements input Mouse computing Mouse , computer keyboard keyboard JumpStart Typing is a personal computer game intended to teach typing skills to kids aged seven to ten. The game seems to be set in the same fictional universe universe as JumpStart Adventures 3rd Grade Mystery Mountain . The game is set at Sparks Stadium, where a kind of keyboarding Olympic Games Olympics take place between the Sparks Team and the Galaxy Gladiators. When Polly Spark gets mad at Coach QWERTY Qwerty , who didn t like her untapped typing talent and consequently kicked her off the team, she locks him in the Trophy Room. When Botley reminds her how much her father wanted to win ... coach the Sparks Team in Qwerty s place and recharge Polly s power cards through taking timed typing ... the home row keys and correct typing posture. The Test O Matic features lessons and timed typing tests. It is through taking the timed typing tests that the user attempts to reach the words per minute ... through taking lessons and timed typing tests in the Keyboard Training Center. Botley may have been ... down a track and avoid hitting obstacles or the mischievous Track Trickster by typing the letters ... Blazer The user helps fifty Sparks snowboard ers make it to the bottom of a mountain by typing the letters ... Knowledge Adventure product to be produced in Torrance was JumpStart Typing . Led by executive producer Mike Albanese and producer Michele Lichtenstein , JumpStart Typing was declared to be more JumpStart ... February 2007 External links moby game id jump start typing Category 1997 video games Category Typing ... more details
s, duck typing is a style of dynamic typing in which an object s current set of Method computer ... typing, one is concerned with just those aspects of an object that are used, rather than with the type ... that evokes the quotation and hence the name of this form of typing. Duck typing is aided ... and oranges, Thus, duck typing allows type polymorphism polymorphism without inheritance computer ... john game source In statically typed languages Certain usually Type system Static typing statically ... language C have extra type annotations ref http boo.codehaus.org Duck Typing Boo Duck Typing ... of duck typing with the only drawback being the need to identify and specify such dynamic classes at compile time. Comparison with other type systems Structural type systems Duck typing is similar to but distinct from structural typing . Structural typing is a static typing system that determines type compatibility and equivalence by a type s structure, whereas duck typing is dynamic typing dynamic ... some of the benefits of duck typing but duck typing is distinct in that no explicit interface is defined ... yourself, whereas duck typing would allow this. Again, all of an interface must be satisfied ... generic functions or methods apply the duck test in a Type system Static typing static typing context ... in practice static versus dynamic type checking in general. Duck typing can also be more flexible in that only ... programming language Ada generics. Criticism One issue with duck typing is that it forces the programmer .... However, a class called Trousers might also implement the press method. With Duck Typing, in order ... a duck. Proponents of duck typing, such as Guido van Rossum , argue that the issue is handled ... www.mindviewinc.com Blog OldestIndex.php title Strong Typing vs. Strong Testing author Bruce Eckel ... around duck typing tend to be special cases of broader points of contention regarding Type ... In addition to static typing, Cobra programming language Cobra allows one to declare objects of type ... more details
Tissue typing is a procedure in which the tissues of a prospective donor and recipient are tested for compatibility prior to Organ transplant transplantation . An embryo can be tissue typed to ensure that the embryo implanted can be a cord blood stem cell donor for a sick sibling. ref Designing Donors . Shaun D. Pattinson, Faculty of Law and Sheffield Institute of Biotechnological Law and Ethics, University of Sheffield. http www.ccels.cf.ac.uk literature issue 2003 pattinson.pdf link ref One technique of tissue typing, mixed leukocyte reaction , is performed by culturing lymphocytes from the donor together with those from the recipient. ref http pathmicro.med.sc.edu ghaffar mhc2000.htm MHC Bot generated title ref Another technique, known as a micro cytotoxicity assay, utilizes serum with known anti HLA antibodies that recognize particular human leukocyte antigen HLA loci HLA A, HLA B, HLA C, HLA DP, HLA DQ, HLA DR in order to match genetically similar individuals in hopes of performing a tissue transplantation. In this technique a donor s blood cells are major histocompatibility complex MHC typed by mixing them with Blood serum serum containing the anti HLA antibodies . If the antibodies recognize their epitope on the MHC then classical complement pathway complement activation occurs and the cell will be osmotically lysis lysed . Lysis results in the cell taking up a dye trypan blue . This allows identification of cell s MHC indirectly based on the specificity of the known antibodies in the serum. See also Histocompatibility References references External links http www.hfea.gov.uk preimplantation tissue typing.html How Preimplantation tissue typing works, HFEA website MeshName Tissue typing http www.stanford.edu dept HPS transplant html tt 1.html http www.bchealthguide.org kbase topic medtest hw40261 descrip.htm Category Medical tests Category Transplantation medicine immunology stub ... more details
Schema Theory A Cognitive Account of Sex Typing. Psychological Review 354 364 88.4 1981 . Web. 15 Dec. 2010. ref Definition Gender typing projects societies expectations regarding people s behavior based ... American Psychological Association, 2007. Print. ref Acquisition Gender typing is most typical during ... whether they belong in girl world or boy world. Gender typing begins as early as age 2 or 3 .... Children at ages 2 4 are gender typing by the clothes they see other children wear, hairstyles ... with the words emotional, sentimental, fragile, dependent and submissive. ref GENDER TYPING AND STEREOTYPING ... psychology gender issues in psychology gender typing and stereotyping . ref In many languages ... in forming one s gender identity through gender typing. Through this theory, it is explained ... Bem, Sandra L., and Cornell University. Gender Schema Theory A Cognitive Account of Sex Typing. Psychological Review 354 364 88.4 1981 . Web. 15 Dec. 2010. ref Cognitive factors in gender typing Gender typing is a mental process, it is influenced by several cognitive factors. 1. KOHLBERG S COGNITIVE .... Web. 17 Dec. 2010. http csulb.edu kmacd 361SEX.html . ref Problems with gender typing The APA defines gender typing as expectations about people s behavior that are based on their biological sex, ref ... type, there can be a dissonance that causes problems. While the most extreme examples of gender typing ... ref problems can also arise with gender typing. As children gender type the roles typical of a specific ... disorder . Relation to gender identity and gender role Gender typing is seen more as a way of viewing ... how those in that gender group ought to behave. While very similar to gender typing, it is the ominous ... gender typing. ref Myers, David G. Psychology. New York Worth, 2008. Print ref References Reflist ... more details
merge Strong and weak typing date October 2011 type systems In computer science and computer programming , a type system is said to feature strong typing when it specifies one or more restrictions on how operations involving values of different data type s can be intermixed. The opposite of strong typing is weak typing . Interpretation Most generally, strong typing implies that the programming language places severe restrictions on the intermixing that is permitted to occur, preventing the compiler compiling or running of source code which uses data in what is considered to be an invalid way. For instance, an addition operation may not be used with an integer and string values a procedure which operates upon linked list s may not be used upon numbers. However, the nature and strength of these restrictions is highly variable. Example class wikitable Weak Typing Strong Typing Pseudocode syntaxhighlight lang python a 2 b 2 concatenate a, b Returns 22 add a, b Returns 4 syntaxhighlight syntaxhighlight lang python a 2 b 2 concatenate a, b Type Error add a, b Type Error concatenate str a , b ... writers have qualified as strong typing include Absence of unchecked run time type errors . This definition ... of static typing , leading some experts to state Static typing is often confused with StrongTyping ... typing of data objects . The type of a given data object does not vary over that object s lifetime ... Python , and Self programming language Self are all strongly typed in the sense that typing errors ... duck typing is now used to describe the dynamic typing paradigm used by the languages in this group. The Lisp programming language Lisp family of languages are all strongly typed in the sense that typing ... about type systems often eschew the term strong typing in favor of specific expressions such as type safety . See also Data type includes a more thorough discussion of typing issues Comparison ... system Type safety References references DEFAULTSORT Strong Typing Category Type theory Category ... more details
In type theory a typing environment represents the association between variables names and data type s. More formally an environment math Gamma math is a set of pairs math v, tau math were math v math is a variable name and math tau math its type. In statically typed programming languages these environments are used and maintained by type rules to type checking type check a given program or expression. See also Type system Type rule Type theory type theory stub Category Data types Category Program analysis Category Type theory ... more details
File LambdaPlaques.jpg right thumb A culture of bacteria infected by bacteriophages, the holes are areas where the bacteria have been killed by the virus. The culture is 10cm in diameter. Phage typing is a method used for detecting single Strain biology strains of bacteria . It is used to trace the source of outbreaks of infections. ref name pmid20122382 vcite journal author Baggesen DL, S rensen G, Nielsen EM, Wegener HC title Phage typing of Salmonella Typhimurium is it still a useful tool for surveillance and outbreak investigation? journal Eurosurveillance volume 15 issue 4 pages 19471 year 2010 pmid 20122382 doi url http www.eurosurveillance.org ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId 19471 ref The virus es that infect bacteria are called bacteriophage s phages for short and some of these can only infect a single strain of bacteria. These phages are used to identify different strains of bacteria within a single species. A culture of the strain is grown in the agar and dried. A grid is drawn on the base of the petri dish to mark out different regions. Inoculation of each square of the grid is done by a different phage. The phage drops are allowed to dry and are incubated The susceptible phage regions will show a circular clearing where the bacteria have been lysed, and this is used in differentiation. ref name pmid17582202 cite journal author Turbadkar SD, Ghadge DP, Patil S, Chowdhary AS, Bharadwaj R title Circulating phage type of Vibrio cholerae in Mumbai journal Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology volume 25 issue 2 pages 177 8 year 2007 month April pmid 17582202 doi url http www.ijmm.org article.asp?issn 0255 0857 year 2007 volume 25 issue 2 spage 177 epage 178 aulast Turbadkar ref References references Category Microbiology ... more details
Metabolic panel may refer to Blood test Basic metabolic panel Comprehensive metabolic panel disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
The metabolic equivalent of task MET , or simply metabolic equivalent , is a physiological measure expressing the energy cost of exercise physical activities ref Physical activity can be defined as bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above the basal level citation needed date December 2011 ref and is defined as the ratio of metabolic rate and therefore the rate of energy consumption during a specific physical activity to a reference metabolic rate, set by convention to 3.5 ml O sub 2 sup kg sup 1 sup min sup 1 sup or equivalently 1 kcal kg sup 1 sup h sup 1 sup or 4.184 kJ kg sup 1 sup h sup 1 sup . Originally, 1 MET was considered as the resting metabolic rate RMR obtained during quiet sitting. ref Ainsworth et al., 1993 ref ref Ainsworth et al., 2000. ref MET values of activities range from 0.9 sleeping to 18 running at 17.5 km h or a 5 31 mile pace . Although the RMR of any person may deviate from the reference value, ref Byrne et al., 2005 ref ref Savage & Ades, 2007 ref MET values indicate the intensity of physical activities. MET can be thought of as an scale social sciences index of the intensity of activities .... It must not be confused or misused as an approximation of basal metabolic rate BMR , which is the minimum metabolic rate obtained under specified conditions. This is illustrated by the fact that sleeping ... year 2011 ref Scope of usage of the MET concept Epidemiology and public health MET Metabolic Equivalent The ratio of the work metabolic rate to the resting metabolic rate. One MET is defined as 1 ... 0.9 watching television 1.0 writing, desk work, typing 1.8 walking, 1.7 mph 2.7 km ... 20Activities, 20MSSE 202000.pdf Byrne, N. et al., Metabolic equivalent one size does not fit ..., 2000, ISBN 0873229398, 9780873229395 Savage P., Ades P., A re examination of the metabolic equivalent ... Anthropogenic metabolism Basal metabolic rate Calorimetry External links The Compendium of Physical ... more details
Orphan date May 2011 unreferenced date March 2011 Metabolic Age refers to a number calculated by comparing your Basal metabolic rate Basal Metabolic Rate to the Basal Metabolic Rate average of your chronological age group . Chronological age is your age in calendar year s. Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy consumed per unit of time when all environmental factors are considered neutral, the digestive system is in a post absorptive state meaning that the digestive system is inactive, which requires about twelve hours of fasting in humans , and the energy expenditure is only sufficient to support normal functioning of the vital organ s, the heart , lung s, nervous system , kidney s, liver , intestine , sex organ s, muscle s, and skin . Formulas for calculating basal metabolic rate take into account age, weight, height, activity level, body fat mass, and lean body mass. All the components in the body require various levels of energy to be maintained. Body fat requires much less energy than lean muscle , as lean muscle is much more metabolically active. Muscle is much more metabolically active, and therefore requires more energy expenditure to remain in homeostasis . If comparing two individuals, with all variables being equal, the person with more lean muscle mass will have a higher basal metabolic rate, and therefore, a lower metabolic age in comparison to those with the identical chronological age. An individual s metabolic age will vary depending how their calculated basal metabolic rate compares to others of the same chronological age. Metabolic age is a new term used in the health and fitness industry to describe overall fitness and metabolic activity. Examining metabolic age will give insights to the overall level of health and wellness in comparison to those of the same age. Improving personal fitness is a main concern of most health conscious individuals. BMR and the metabolic age number are excellent ways to track your progress. Verify source date January ... more details
A metabolic network is the complete set of metabolic and physical processes that determine the physiology physiological and biochemistry biochemical properties of a cell. As such, these networks comprise the chemical reactions of metabolism as well as the regulatory interactions that guide these reactions. With the sequencing of complete genomes, it is now possible to reconstruct the network of biochemical reactions in many organisms, from bacteria to human. Several of these networks are available online Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes KEGG http www.genome.ad.jp , EcoCyc http www.ecocyc.org , BioCyc http biocyc.org and metaTIGER http www.bioinformatics.leeds.ac.uk metatiger . Metabolic networks are powerful tools, for studying and modelling metabolism. See also Metabolic network modelling Metabolic pathway metabolism Category Metabolism biology stub ca Xarxa metab lica fa nl Metabolisch netwerk zh ... more details
Metabolic intermediates refers to molecules which are the precursors or metabolites of biologically significant molecules. Although these intermediates are of relatively minor direct importance to cellular function, they can play important roles in the allosteric regulation of enzyme s. Clinical significance Some can be useful in measuring rates of metabolic processes for example, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or 3 aminoisobutyrate . Because they can represent unnatural points of entry into natural metabolic pathways, some such as AICA ribonucleotide are of interest to researchers in developing new therapies. See also metabolism Fructose and galactose metabolic intermediates Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis metabolic intermediates Pentose phosphate pathway intermediates Cholesterol metabolism intermediates Amino acid metabolism intermediates Nucleotide metabolism intermediates Neurotransmitter metabolism intermediates Heme metabolism intermediates Thyroid hormone intermediates Category Metabolism chem stub ja ... more details
Metabolic myopathies are Myopathy Myopathies that result from defects in biochemical metabolism that primarily affect muscle. They include 1 Glycogen storage diseases 2 Lipid storage disorder 3 Phosphocreatine stores disorder External links http www.emedicine.com neuro TOPIC672.HTM Metabolic Myopathies eMedicine PNS diseases of the nervous system Soft tissue disorders Category Muscular disorders Category Metabolic disorders disease stub ... more details
nofootnotes date March 2011 In biochemistry , metabolic pathways are series of chemistry chemical reactions ... chemicals a.k.a. metabolites that may be involved, metabolic pathways can be quite elaborate. In addition ... the metabolic network . Pathways are important to the maintenance of homeostasis within an organism ... as the final end products. A Metabolism metabolic pathway involves the step by step modification ... ways To be used immediately, as the end product of a metabolic pathway To initiate another metabolic ... biochemistry substrate enters a metabolic pathway depending on the needs of the cell and the availability ... intermediates and or end products may influence the metabolic rate for that particular pathway. Overview Each metabolic pathway consists of a series of biochemical reactions that are connected by their intermediates ... reactions, and so on. Metabolic pathways are often considered to flow in one direction. Although ... gluconeogenesis . Glycolysis was the first metabolic pathway discovered As glucose enters a cell, it is immediately ... as glycogen or starch . Metabolic pathways are often Control theory regulated by feedback inhibition . Some metabolic pathways flow in a cycle wherein each component of the cycle is a substrate for the subsequent ... enzymes and co factors. Major metabolic pathways center metabolic pathways center Clear Cellular respiration Main Cellular respiration Several distinct but linked metabolic pathways are used by cells ..., algae, cyanobacteria Chemosynthesis some bacteria See also Portal Metabolism Metabolism Metabolic network Metabolic network modeling Metabolic engineering External links http www.biocyc.org BioCyc Metabolic network models for hundreds of organisms http www.genome.jp kegg KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia ... processes http metacyc.org MetaCyc A database of non redundant, experimentally elucidated metabolic ... bq integration.htm Interactive Flow Chart of the Major Metabolic Pathways http www.metabolicvisualizer.org A novel visualization for a Metabolic Pathway http david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov DAVID Visualize ... more details
Infobox disease Name Metabolic alkalosis Image Davenport Fig 12.jpg Caption Davenport diagram DiseasesDB 402 ICD10 ICD10 E 87 3 e 70 ICD9 ICD9 276.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 1459 MeshID Metabolic alkalosis is a metabolic condition in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range 7.35 7.45 . This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate , or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations. Terminology Alkalosis refers to a high pH in tissue . Alkalemia refers to a high pH in the blood . Causes There are five main causes of metabolic alkalosis. ref http www.emedicine.com MED topic1459.htm eMedicine Metabolic Alkalosis Article by Sameer Yaseen Bot generated title ref These can be divided into two categories, depending upon urine chloride levels. ref name urlAlkalosis, Metabolic eMedicine Pediatrics Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine cite web url http emedicine.medscape.com article 906819 overview title Alkalosis, Metabolic eMedicine Pediatrics Cardiac Disease and Critical Care Medicine format work accessdate 2009 05 10 ref Chloride responsive 10 mEq L Loss of hydrogen ions Most often occurs via two mechanisms, either vomiting or via the kidney. Vomiting results in the loss ... further loss of potassium , leading to metabolic alkalosis. ref Hennessey, Iain. Japp, Alan ... reveal themselves putting the patient into metabolic alkalosis Chloride resistant 20 mEq L Retention ... . Excess sodium increases extracellular volume and the loss of hydrogen ions creates a metabolic ... Compensation for metabolic alkalosis occurs mainly in the lungs, which retain carbon dioxide ..., respiration rate would be increased. Renal compensation for metabolic alkalosis, less effective ... it. See also hypokalemia Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis References reflist Fluid, electrolyte, acid base metabolic pathology DEFAULTSORT Metabolic Alkalosis Category ... more details
Metabolic water refers to water created inside a living organism through their metabolism , by oxidizing energy containing substances in their food. Metabolism of fat produces about 110 grams of water per 100 grams, ref http www.nature.com nature journal v150 n3792 abs 150021a0.html ref protein 41.3 grams, and starch 55.1 g. ref http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1O39 metabolicwater.html ref Some organisms, especially xerocole xerocoles , animals living in the desert , rely exclusively on metabolic water. Migratory birds must rely exclusively on metabolic water production while making non stop flights. ref http dissertations.ub.rug.nl faculties science 2005 s.b.engel ref ref cite journal author Klaassen M title Metabolic constraints on long distance migration in birds journal J Exp Biol volume 199 issue Pt 1 pages 57 64 year 1996 pmid 9317335 doi url http jeb.biologists.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 9317335 ref Humans, by contrast, obtain only about 8 10 of their water needs through metabolic water production. ref name nutrientReq Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources BANR , Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates Second Revised Edition 2003 , p. 144. http books.nap.edu openbook.php?record id 9826&page 154 ref In mammals , the water produced from metabolism of protein roughly equals the amount needed to excrete the urea which is a byproduct of the metabolism of protein. ref name nutrientReq Birds, however, excrete uric acid and can have a net gain of water from the metabolism of protein. References reflist Category Metabolism Category Water ... more details
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