pages 110 120 accessdate 2010 04 21 quote The mode of action of dithiopyr may be to alter microtubule polymerization and stability by interacting with microtubule associated proteins and or microtubule ... more details
PBB geneid 4131 Microtubule associated protein 1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1B ... J, Ward DC, Gilliam TC, Kunkel LM title Mapping of human microtubule associated protein 1B in proximity ... entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MAP1B microtubule associated protein 1B url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... section title summary text This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule associated protein family. The proteins of this family are thought to be involved in microtubule assembly, which .... Gene knockout studies of the mouse microtubule associated protein 1B gene suggested an important ... have been described. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MAP1B microtubule associated protein ... of microtubule associated protein 1B and modulates neuritogenesis journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... J, Downward Julian, Maher Eamonn R, Latif Farida year 2004 month Jun. title RASSF1A interacts with microtubule associated proteins and modulates microtubule dynamics journal Cancer Res. volume 64 issue ... to form a complex N terminal microtubule binding domain. journal Neuron volume 7 issue 1 pages 129 39 ... L, Obar R, Vallee RB title MAP 1A and MAP 1B are structurally related microtubule associated proteins ... N, Kunkel LM title Cloning of human microtubule associated protein 1B and the identification ... of microtubule associated protein 5 MAP5 in the molecular layer of cerebellum in preterm infants ... chain of microtubule associated protein MAP1B microtubule stabilization, self interaction ... 10.1038 16258 cite journal author Jensen PH, Islam K, Kenney J, et al. title Microtubule associated ... journal author Tanner SL, Franzen R, Jaffe H, Quarles RH title Evidence for expression of some microtubule ... author Mei X, Sweatt AJ, Hammarback JA title Regulation of microtubule associated protein 1B MAP1B ... R, Tanner SL, Dashiell SM, et al. title Microtubule associated protein 1B a neuronal binding partner ... al. title Microtubule associated protein 1B a neuronal binding partner for gigaxonin. journal J. Cell ... more details
2008 volume 265 pages 111 158 ref the fundamental machinery are the spindle microtubule s. Attachment ... checkpoint spindle formation and prevent premature anaphase onset. Microtubule polymerization ... proteins. Astral microtubules anchor the spindle poles to the cell membrane. Microtubule polymerization is nucleated at the microtubule organizing center . The cellular spindle apparatus includes the spindle microtubule s, associated proteins, and any centrosome s or Aster cell biology aster s present ... lack centrosomes or spindle pole bodies and instead spindle microtubules are microtubule nucleation ... microtubule nucleation inzeff higherd plants journal Int. Rev. Cytol. volume 220 issue pages ... isbn 978 0 12 364624 8 ref Microtubule associated proteins and spindle dynamics The dynamic ... midzone. Microtubule associated protein s MAPs associate with microtubules at the midzone and the spindle ... into a ring complex called Gamma tubulin .CE.B3 Tubulin TuRC which microtubule nucleation nucleates ... region stabilizes microtubule minus ends and anchors them near the microtubule organizing ... end microtubule tracking proteins TIPs to promote their association with kinetochores at the midzone. CLIP1 CLIP170 was shown to localize near microtubule plus ends in HeLa cells ref cite journal author J.E. Rickard, T.E. Kreis title Identification of a novel nucleotide sensitive microtubule binding ... microtubule rescue in vivo journal J Cell Biol year 2002 volume 159 pages 589 599 doi 10.1083 jcb.200208058 ... and CLASP2 both contribute to proper spindle assembly and microtubule dynamics in anaphase. ref ..., M.O. Steinmetz title Tracking the ends a dynamic protein network controls the fate of microtubule ... cite journal author J.S. Tirnauer, S. Grego, E.D. Salmon, T.J. Mitchison title EB1 microtubule interactions in Xenopus egg extracts Role of EB1 in microtubule stabilization and mechanisms of targeting ... in mitotic extracts. Opposing the action of these microtubule stabilizing proteins are a number ... more details
Taccalonolides are a class of microtubule stabilizing agents isolated from Tacca chantrieri that has been shown to have selective cancer fighting properties. Other examples of microtubule stabilizing agents include taxanes and epothilones , both of which prevent cancer cells from dividing by interfering with tubulin . ref name Tinley Tinley, T.L., Randall Klubek, D.A., Leal, R.M., Jackson, E.M., Cessac, J.W., Quada, J.C., Hemscheidt, T.K., Mooberry, S.L. Taccalonolides E and A Plant derived steroids with microtubule stabilizing activity. Cancer Res 63 2003 , 3211 3220. ref While taxanes like Paclitaxel and docetaxel have been used successfully against Breast cancer breast , Ovarian cancer ovarian , Prostate cancer prostate , and Lung cancer non small cell lung cancers , intrinsic and acquired drug resistance limit their anticancer properties. Unlike taxanes, taccalonolides appear to work ... Microtubule interactions with chemically diverse stabilizing agents thermodynamics of binding to the Paclitaxel ... Significant Structure Activity Relationships and Tubulin as the Binding Site of These Microtubule Stabilizers ... Novel microtubule stabilizers with clinical potential. Cancer Letters 291 1 2010 , 14 19 ... program designed to identify microtubule disrupting agents from natural products. ref name Tinley After a crude extract with Taxol like microtubule binding properties was identified, bioassay directed purification yielded taccalonolides E and A. Effects Like other microtubule stabilizing agents, taccalonolides ... . ref name Tinley ref name Buey Mechanism in action Unlike other microtubule stabilizing agents .... ref name Li Role in cancer therapy Microtubule targeting agents have been used in an anti cancer ..., X., Guo, D. Microtubule Binding Natural Products for Cancer Therapy. Planta Med 76 11 2010 , 1037 ... microtubule stabilizers that circumvent clinically relevant taxane resistance mechanisms. Cancer ... The taccalonolides, novel microtubule stabilizers, and radiation have additive effects on cellular ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 55201 Microtubule associated protein 1S is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1S gene . ref name pmid11827465 cite journal author Liu L, McKeehan WL title Sequence analysis of LRPPRC and its SEC1 domain interaction partners suggests roles in cytoskeletal organization, vesicular trafficking, nucleocytosolic shuttling, and chromosome activity journal Genomics volume 79 issue 1 pages 124 36 year 2002 month Feb pmid 11827465 pmc 3241999 doi 10.1006 geno.2001.6679 ref ref name pmid15528209 cite journal author Orban Nemeth Z, Simader H, Badurek S, Trancikova A, Propst F title Microtubule associated protein 1S, a short and ubiquitously expressed member of the microtubule associated protein 1 family journal J Biol Chem volume 280 issue 3 pages 2257 65 year 2005 month Jan pmid 15528209 pmc doi 10.1074 jbc.M408984200 ref ref name pmid16297881 cite journal author Ding J, Valle A, Allen E, Wang W, Nardine T, Zhang Y, Peng L, Yang Y title Microtubule associated protein 8 contains two microtubule binding sites journal Biochem Biophys Res Commun volume 339 issue 1 pages 172 9 year 2005 month Nov pmid 16297881 pmc doi 10.1016 j.bbrc.2005.10.199 ref ref name pmid14627543 cite journal author Wong EY, Tse JY, Yao KM, Lui VC, Tam PC, Yeung WS title Identification and characterization of human VCY2 interacting protein VCY2IP 1, a microtubule associated ... pmc doi 10.1095 biolreprod.103.018531 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MAP1S microtubule ... for microtubule hyperstabilization is determined by cell death inducer C19ORF5 journal Cancer Res. volume ... Julian, Maher Eamonn R, Latif Farida year 2004 month Jun. title RASSF1A interacts with microtubule associated proteins and modulates microtubule dynamics journal Cancer Res. volume 64 issue 12 ... A, Fenton SL, et al. title RASSF1A interacts with microtubule associated proteins and modulates microtubule ... of candidate tumor suppressor RASSF1 for microtubule hyperstabilization is determined by cell ... more details
of the axoneme is the microtubule each axoneme is composed of several microtubules aligned in Parallel ... for bending. Each dynein arm is anchored to a doublet microtubule by walking along an adjacent microtubule ... microtubules. The inter doublet connections between adjacent microtubule pairs are termed nexin ..., and there is no pair of central microtubule singlets. This organization of axoneme is referred as 9x2 0 . In addition, 9x2 1 axonemes, with only a single central microtubule, have been found ... more details
Image Eukarya Flagella.svg thumb right Schematic of the eukaryotic flagellum. 1 axoneme, 2 cell membrane, 3 IFT Intraflagellar Transport , 4 Basal body, 5 Cross section of flagellum, 6 Triplets of microtubules of basal body. Image Chlamydomonas TEM 09.jpg thumb right Longitudinal section through the flagella area in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . In the cell apex is the basal body that is the anchoring site for a flagellum. Basal bodies originate from and have a substructure similar to that of centrioles, with nine peripheral microtubule triplets see structure at bottom center of image . A basal body also called a basal granule or kinetosome is an organelle formed from a centriole , and a short cylindrical array of microtubules . It is found at the base of a eukaryotic undulipodium cilium or flagellum and serves as a nucleation site for the growth of the axoneme microtubules. Centrioles, from which basal bodies are derived, act as anchoring sites for proteins that in turn anchor microtubules within centrosomes , one type of microtubule organizing center MTOC . These microtubules provide structure and facilitate movement of vesicles and organelles within many eukaryotic cells. Basal bodies, however, are specifically the bases for cilia and flagella that extend out of the cell. Basal bodies are derived from centrioles through a largely mysterious process. They are structurally the same, each containing a microtubule triplet 9 3 helocoidal configuration forming a hollow cylinder. Regulation of basal body production and spatial orientation is a function of the nucleotide binding domain of tubulin. ref Y. Shang, C. C. Tsao, and M. A. Gorovsky. 2005. Mutational analyses reveal a novel function of the nucleotide binding domain of gamma tubulin in the regulation of basal body biogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 171 6 1035 44. PMID 16344310 ref Flagella are basically attached to the cell membrane from a basal granule. References reflist External links BUHistology 21804loa Ultrastructur ... more details
Image taxol.svg thumb right The chemical structure of paclitaxel. The taxanes are diterpenes produced by the plants of the genus Taxus yews . As their name suggests, they were first derived from natural sources, but some have been synthesized artificially. Taxanes include paclitaxel Taxol and docetaxel Taxotere . Paclitaxel was originally derived from the Pacific yew tree. Taxanes have been used to produce various chemotherapy drugs. ref cite book author Takimoto, C. H. Calvo, E. chapterurl http www.cancernetwork.com cancer management 11 chapter03 article 10165 1402628 chapter Principles of Oncologic Pharmacotherapy editor Pazdur, R. Wagman, L. D. Camphausen, K. A. Hoskins, W. J. title Cancer Management A Multidisciplinary Approach year 2008 edition 11th url http www.cancernetwork.com cancer management 11 ref The principal mechanism of action of the taxane class of drugs is the disruption of microtubule function. Microtubules are essential to cell division, and taxanes stabilize Guanosine diphosphate GDP bound tubulin in the microtubule, thereby inhibiting the process of cell division a frozen mitosis . Thus, in essence, taxanes are mitotic inhibitor s. In contrast to the taxanes, the vinca alkaloids destroy mitotic spindle s. Both taxanes and vinca alkaloids are, therefore, named spindle poison s or mitosis poisons, but they act in different ways. Taxanes are also thought to be Radiosensitivity radiosensitizing . Taxanes are difficult to synthesize because of their numerous chiral centres Taxol has 11 of these. Taxanes present difficulties in formulation as medicines because they are poorly soluble in water. References reflist Chemotherapeutic agents Category Microtubule inhibitors Category Mitotic inhibitors Category Diterpenes antineoplastic drug stub cs Taxany de Taxane es Taxano fr Taxane ja simple Taxane sk Tax n sl Taksan ... more details
al. title Phosphorylation of microtubule associated proteins MAP2 and MAP4 by the protein kinase p110mark. Phosphorylation sites and regulation of microtubule dynamics. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... Paudel HK title The regulatory Ser262 of microtubule associated protein tau is phosphorylated by phosphorylase ... Trinczek B, Brajenovic M, Ebneth A, Drewes G title MARK4 is a novel microtubule associated proteins microtubule affinity regulating kinase that binds to the cellular microtubule network and to centrosomes ... more details
Upregulation and redistribution of E MAP 115 epithelial microtubule associated protein of 115 kDa ... of the microtubule binding of ensconsin in vivo. journal J. Cell. Sci. volume 114 issue Pt 21 ... title Microtubule associated epithelial protein E MAP 115 is localized in the spermatid manchette. journal ... 12845596 doi 10.1002 cm.10124 cite journal author Suzuki M, Hirao A, Mizuno A title Microtubule associated ... more details
The Kinesin 8 Family are a subfamily of the molecular motor proteins known as kinesin s. Most kinesins transport materials or cargo around the cell while traversing along microtubule polymer tracks with the help of ATP hydrolysis ATP hydrolysis created energy. The Kinesin 8 family has been shown to play an important role in chromosome alignment during mitosis . Kinesin 8 family members KIF18A in humans ref name Mayr cite journal author Mayr MI, H mmer S, Bormann J, et al. title The human kinesin Kif18A is a motile microtubule depolymerase essential for chromosome congression journal Curr Biol. volume 17 issue 6 pages 488 98 year 2007 month Mar pmid 17346968 doi 10.1016 j.cub.2007.02.036 ref and Kip3 in yeast ref name Gupta cite journal author Gupta ML, Carvalho P, Roof DM, Pellman D title Plus end specific depolymerase activity of Kip3, a kinesin 8 protein, explains its role in positioning the yeast mitotic spindle journal Nat Cell Biol. volume 8 issue 9 pages 913 23 year 2006 month Sep pmid 16906148 doi 10.1038 ncb1457 ref have been shown to be in vivo plus end directed microtubule depolymerizers. During prometaphase of mitosis , the microtubules attach to the kinetochores of sister chromatids . Kinesin 8 is thought to play some role in this process, as knockdown of this protein via siRNA produces a phenotype of sister chromatids that are unable to align properly see External Links . ref name Mayr ref name Stumpff cite journal author Stumpff J, von Dassow G, Wagenbach M, Asbury C, Wordeman L title The kinesin 8 motor Kif18A suppresses kinetochore movements to control mitotic chromosome alignment journal Dev Cell volume 14 issue 2 pages 252 62 year 2008 month Feb pmid 18267093 doi 10.1016 j.devcel.2007.11.014 pmc 2267861 ref References reflist External links http www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov picrender.fcgi?artid 2267861&blobname NIHMS40734 supplement 03.mov Video Illustrations of Kinesin 8 depletion Category Motor proteins ... more details
edition 7th pages 244 245 year 2005 ref Microtubule Dynamic Instability During microtubule polymerization ... microtubule. Such GTP hydrolysis is not mandatory for microtubule formation, but it appears that only ... at the tip of microtubule to protect from depolymerization and once the GTP is hydrolyzed, the microtubule begins to depolymerize and shrink rapidly. ref http www.cytochemistry.net Cell biology microtubule structure.htm Microtubule structure text copyright 1996 Gwen V. Childs, Ph.D. ref cGTP cyclic ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol CAMSAP CKK Name CAMSAP CKK image PDB 1ugj EBI.jpg width caption solution structure of a murine hypothetical protein from riken cdna 2310057j16 Pfam PF08683 Pfam clan CL0350 InterPro IPR014797 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1ugj TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, the calmodulin regulated spectrin associated CKK domain also known as the CKK domain is a protein domain domain which occurs at the C terminus of a family of eumetazoa eumetazoan protein s collectively defined as calmodulin regulated spectrin associated, or CAMSAP, protein proteins . CAMSAP proteins carry an N terminal region that includes the CH domain, a central region including a predicted coiled coil coiled coil and this C terminal. This domain is the part of the CAMSAP proteins that Molecular binding bind s to microtubule s. The domain appears to act by producing inhibition of neurite extension, probably by blocking microtubule function. CKK represents a domain that has evolution evolved with the metazoa . The secondary structure structure of a this domain in murine hypothetical protein has shown the domain to adopt a mainly beta barrel structure with an associated alpha helix alpha helical stem loop hairpin . ref name pubmed19508979 Cite pmid 19508979 ref References reflist InterPro content IPR014797 Category Protein domains ... more details
PBB geneid 4133 Microtubule associated protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP2 gene . ref name pmid3103857 cite journal author Neve RL, Harris P, Kosik KS, Kurnit DM, Donlon TA title Identification of cDNA clones for the human microtubule associated protein tau and chromosomal localization of the genes for tau and microtubule associated protein 2 journal Brain Res volume 387 issue 3 pages 271 80 year 1987 month May pmid 3103857 pmc doi ref ref name pmid7479905 cite journal author ... microtubule associated protein 2 MAP 2 and characterization of additional MAP 2 isoforms journal ... encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule associated protein family. The proteins of this family are thought to be involved in microtubule assembly, which is an essential step in neurogenesis ... been described. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MAP2 microtubule associated protein 2 url ... association of microtubule associated protein 2 MAP2 with Src and Grb2 evidence for MAP2 as a scaffolding ... is specifically associated with calmodulin and microtubule associated protein 2B MAP 2B journal Biochem ... Liu Y, Saad RS, Shen SS, Silverman JF title Diagnostic value of microtubule associated protein 2 MAP ... DL title Cleavage of bovine brain microtubule associated protein 2 by human immunodeficiency virus ... MspI RFLP for microtubule associated protein 2 MAP2 journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 19 issue 4 pages ... J, Goobar L, Danielson UH title Proteolytic cleavage of microtubule associated proteins by retroviral ... amino terminal domain in microtubule associated proteins 2A, 2B, and 2C journal Neuron volume 3 ... author Herrmann H, Wiche G title Plectin and IFAP 300K are homologous proteins binding to microtubule ... of the transcripts encoding two isoforms of human microtubule associated protein 2 MAP 2 ... T cite journal author Illenberger S, Drewes G, Trinczek B, et al. title Phosphorylation of microtubule ... of microtubule dynamics journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 271 issue 18 pages 10834 43 year 1996 pmid ... more details
PBB geneid 84557 Microtubule associated proteins 1A 1B light chain 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAP1LC3A gene . ref name pmid8833088 cite journal author Mann SS, Hammarback JA title Gene localization and developmental expression of light chain 3 a common subunit of microtubule associated protein 1A MAP1A and MAP1B journal J Neurosci Res volume 43 issue 5 pages 535 44 year 1997 month May pmid 8833088 pmc doi 10.1002 SICI 1097 4547 19960301 43 5 535 AID JNR3 3.0.CO 2 J ref ref name pmid17580304 cite journal author Pankiv S, Clausen TH, Lamark T, Brech A, Bruun JA, Outzen H, Overvatn A, Bjorkoy G, Johansen T title p62 SQSTM1 binds directly to Atg8 LC3 to facilitate degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates by autophagy journal J Biol Chem volume 282 issue 33 pages 24131 45 year 2007 month Aug pmid 17580304 pmc doi 10.1074 jbc.M702824200 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MAP1LC3A microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 84557 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text MAP1A and MAP1B are microtubule associated proteins which mediate ..., Danielson UH title Proteolytic cleavage of microtubule associated proteins by retroviral proteinases ... 1B are structurally related microtubule associated proteins with distinct developmental patterns in the CNS ... author Mann SS, Hammarback JA title Molecular characterization of light chain 3. A microtubule binding ... Differential binding regulation of microtubule associated proteins MAP1A, MAP1B, and MAP2 by tubulin ... and delipidates microtubule associated protein light chain 3 and GABAA receptor associated protein ... 1H, 13C, and 15N resonance assignments of human microtubule associated protein light chain 3 journal ... cite journal author Kouno T, Mizuguchi M, Tanida I, et al. title Solution structure of microtubule ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A cytostome or cell mouth is a part of a cell specialized for phagocytosis , usually in the form of a microtubule supported funnel or groove. Food is directed into the cytostome, and sealed into vacuole s. Only certain groups of protozoa , such as the ciliate s and excavate s, have cytostomes. Such examples include Balantidium coli a ciliate. In others, and in cells from multicellular organisms, phagocytosis takes place at any point on the cell or feeding takes place by absorption. Category Organelles Cell biology stub cs Bun n sta de Cytostom es Citostoma fr Cytostome it Citostoma ja pl Cytostom pt Citostoma sr ... more details
reimprove date November 2011 In biology , a filament is a long chain of proteins , such as those found in hair , muscle , or in flagella . ref cite web title UCMP Glossary Cell biology url http www.ucmp.berkeley.edu glossary gloss4cell.html publisher ucmp.berkeley.edu accessdate November 2, 2011 ref They are often bundled together for strength and rigidity. Some Cell biology cellular examples include Actin filament s Microtubule s Intermediate filament s Filaments are also highly dynamic in nature and far from a static structure that acts as a stable scaffold for a cell. citation needed date November 2011 Some phenomena that profile a protein filaments dynamics are citation needed date November 2011 Treadmilling Nucleation References reflist Category Biology biology stub ca Filament proteic he simple Protein filament ... more details
An aggresome is a proteinaceous inclusion body that forms when cellular degradation machinery is impaired or overwhelmed, leading to an accumulation of protein for disposal. The aggresomal response is believed to be a generalised protective cell biological response to the presence of a high load of abnormal or damaged protein within the cytosol of a cell which fails to be eliminated by the usual ubiquitin proteasome system for protein degradation. Bio genesis Typically, an aggresome forms in response to a cellular stress which generates a large amount of misfolded or partially denatured protein hyperthermia , overexpression of an insoluble or mutant protein, etc. The formation of the aggresome is largely believed to be a protective response, sequestering potentially cytotoxic aggregates and also acting as a staging center for eventual autophagic clearance from the cell. An aggresome forms around the microtubule organizing center in eukaryote eukaryotic cells, adjacent to or enveloping the cell s centrosome s. Polyubiquitintation tags the protein for retrograde transport via HDAC6 binding and microtubule based motor protein, dynein. ref Johnston, J.A., C.L. Ward, and R.R. Kopito. 1998. J. Cell Biol. 143 1883 1898. ref Moreover, substrates can also be targeted to the aggreome by an ubiquitin independent pathway mediated by the stress induced co chaperone BAG3 Bcl 2 associated athanogene 3 , which transfers misfolded protein substrates bound to HSP70 heat shock protein 70 directly on to the microtubule motor dynein. ref Gamerdinger M, Kaya AM, Wolfrum U, Clement AM, Behl C. 2011. EMBO Rep. 12 2 149 56. ref The protein aggregate is then transported along the microtubule and unloaded via p97 forming the aggresome. Mediators such as p62 are believed to be involved in aggresome formation in sequestering omega somes, which bind and increase the size of the aggreseome. The aggreseome is eventually targeted for autophagic clearance for the cell. Some pathological proteins, su ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Protein Name Translationally Controlled Tumour Protein Symbol FLJ27337,tpt1,HRF, p02, p23, p21 OMIM 600763 The translationally controlled tumour protein , commonly known as TCTP , is a highly conserved protein among many Eukaryote eukaryotic organisms. ref name Bommer cite journal author Ulrich Axel Bommer, Bernd Joachim Thiele title The translationally controlled tumour protein TCTP journal IJBCB volume 36 issue 3 pages 379 385 year 2004 pmid 14687915 ref TCTP is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including microtubule stabilization, calcium binding activities, and apoptosis . ref name Bommer References Reflist Category Proteins protein stub ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 File Eukaryotic flagellum.svg thumb 200px Nexin can be located on this cross section of an axoneme Nexin is a proteinous inter doublet linkage that prevents microtubule s in the outer layer of axoneme s from movement with respect to each other. Otherwise vesicular transport protein s such as dynein would dissolve the whole structure. ref name boron26 cite book author Walter F., PhD. Boron title Medical Physiology A Cellular And Molecular Approach publisher Elsevier Saunders location year 2003 pages 1300 isbn 1 4160 2328 3 oclc doi Page 26 ref See also Sorting nexin References reflist Organelles Category Proteins fr nexine ... more details
A Plakin is a protein that associates with junctional complex es and the cytoskeleton . ref MeshName Plakins ref Types include desmoplakin , envoplakin , periplakin , plectin , bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 , corneodesmosin , and microtubule actin cross linking factor . ref name ColemanTsongalis2009 cite book author1 William B. Coleman author2 Gregory J. Tsongalis title Molecular pathology the molecular basis of human disease url http books.google.com books?id btloapOq85wC&pg PA531 accessdate 29 December 2010 year 2009 publisher Academic Press isbn 9780123744197 pages 531 ref References reflist Cytoskeletal proteins Category Proteins protein stub ... more details
PBB geneid 57787 MAP microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MARK4 gene . ref name pmid11326310 cite journal author Kato T, Satoh S, Okabe H, Kitahara O, Ono K, Kihara C, Tanaka T, Tsunoda T, Yamaoka Y, Nakamura Y, Furukawa Y title Isolation of a novel human gene, MARKL1, homologous to MARK3 and its involvement in hepatocellular carcinogenesis journal Neoplasia volume 3 issue 1 pages 4 9 year 2001 month Apr pmid 11326310 pmc 1505019 doi 10.1038 sj neo 7900132 ref ref name pmid9108484 cite journal author Drewes G, Ebneth A, Preuss U, Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E title MARK, a novel family of protein kinases that phosphorylate microtubule associated proteins and trigger microtubule disruption journal Cell volume 89 issue 2 pages 297 308 year 1997 month May pmid 9108484 pmc doi 10.1016 S0092 8674 00 80208 1 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MARK4 MAP microtubule affinity regulating kinase 4 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 57787 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Interactions MARK4 has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with USP9X ref name pmid18254724 cite journal last Al Hakim first Abdallah K authorlink coauthors Zagorska Anna, Chapman Louise, Deak Maria, Peggie Mark, Alessi Dario R year 2008 month Apr. title Control of AMPK related kinases by USP9X and atypical Lys 29 Lys 33 linked polyubiquitin chains journal Biochem. J. volume 411 issue 2 pages 249 60 publisher location England issn pmid 18254724 doi 10.1042 BJ20080067 bibcode oclc id url language format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote unused data DUPLICATE ... cite journal author Trinczek B, Brajenovic M, Ebneth A, Drewes G title MARK4 is a novel microtubule associated proteins microtubule affinity regulating kinase that binds to the cellular microtubule ... more details
Image Preprophase.jpg 350px right thumb Microtubule dynamics during preprophase and prophase in plant cell mitosis, modified from Donukshe et al. ref name Dhonukshe cite journal author Dhonukshe, P, Mathur, J, H lskamp, M, Gadella, TWJ title Microtubule plus ends reveal essential links between intracellular polarization and localized modulation of endocytosis during division plane establishment in plant cells journal BMC Biology date 2005 volume 3 pages 11 doi 10.1186 1741 7007 3 11 pmid 15831100 pmc 1087477 ref The images follow a Tobacco BY 2 cells tobacco BY 2 cell through the first stages of mitosis c. 12 minutes . The growing ends of microtubules are shown in green labeled with green fluorescent protein fused to the microtubule plus end binding protein EB1 of Arabidopsis thaliana . N Nucleus, V Vacuole, PPB Preprophase band, MTN Microtubule nucleation starts at the nuclear envelope, NEB Nuclear envelope breakdown at the onset of prometaphase . Also see the http www.biomedcentral.com 1741 7007 3 11 suppl S5 movie corresponding to this figure. Preprophase is an additional phase during mitosis in plant cell s that does not occur in other eukaryote s such as animal s or fungus fungi . It precedes prophase and is characterized by two distinct events The formation of the preprophase band , a dense microtubule ring underneath the plasma membrane . The initiation of microtubule nucleation at the nuclear envelope . Function of preprophase in the cell cycle Plant cells are fixed with regards to their neighbor cells within the Tissue biology tissue s they are growing in. In contrast ... through the formation of a transient microtubule structure, the preprophase band, and a so ... by the preprophase band. Microtubule nucleation In contrast to animal cells, plant cells do not possess centrosome s to organize their mitotic spindles. Instead, the nuclear envelope acts as a microtubule ... and independence of chromosome and microtubule cycles in Haemantus endosperm journal Cell Motil ... more details
PBB geneid 22919 Microtubule associated protein RP EB family member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAPRE1 gene . ref name pmid7606712 cite journal author Su LK, Burrell M, Hill DE, Gyuris J, Brent R, Wiltshire R, Trent J, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW title APC binds to the novel protein EB1 journal Cancer Res volume 55 issue 14 pages 2972 7 year 1995 month Aug pmid 7606712 pmc doi ref ref name pmid9724749 cite journal author Berrueta L, Kraeft SK, Tirnauer JS, Schuyler SC, Chen LB, Hill DE, Pellman D, Bierer BE title The adenomatous polyposis coli binding protein EB1 is associated with cytoplasmic and spindle microtubules journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A volume 95 issue 18 pages 10596 601 year 1998 month Sep pmid 9724749 pmc 27940 doi 10.1073 pnas.95.18.10596 ref ref name pmid11470413 cite journal author Nakamura M, Zhou XZ, Lu KP title Critical role for the EB1 and APC interaction in the regulation of microtubule polymerization journal Curr Biol volume 11 issue 13 pages 1062 7 year 2001 month Jul pmid 11470413 pmc doi 10.1016 S0960 9822 01 00297 4 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MAPRE1 microtubule associated protein, RP EB family, member 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 22919 accessdate ref The PBB Summary .... Because of these associations, it is thought that this protein is involved in the regulation of microtubule ... microtubule dynamics, cell polarity, and chromosome stability. journal J. Cell Biol. volume 149 ... tumour suppressor, is associated with the microtubule cytoskeleton throughout the cell cycle. journal ... EB1 and p150 Glued is required for the formation and maintenance of a radial microtubule array anchored ... pmc 139241 cite journal author Ligon LA, Shelly SS, Tokito M, Holzbaur EL title The microtubule plus end proteins EB1 and dynactin have differential effects on microtubule polymerization. journal Mol ... 153110 cite journal author Hayashi I, Ikura M title Crystal structure of the amino terminal microtubule ... more details
Orphan date January 2012 Infobox protein family Symbol KA1 Name Kinase associated domain 1 image PDB 1ul7 EBI.jpg width caption solution structure of kinase associated domain 1 of mouse map microtubule affinity regulating kinase 3 Pfam PF02149 Pfam clan InterPro IPR001772 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1ul7 TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, members of the KIN2 PAR 1 MARK kinase family of Protein family proteins are kinases which are conserved from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast to human and share the same protein domain domain organisation an N terminal kinase domain and a C terminal kinase associated domain 1 KA1 . Some members of this family also contain an UBA domain ubiquitin associated domain . Members of this kinase family are involved in various biology biological processes such as cell polarity , cell cycle control, intracellular signalling, microtubule stability and protein stability. ref name pmid15182702 cite journal author Tassan JP, Le Goff X title An overview of the KIN1 PAR 1 MARK kinase family journal Biol. Cell volume 96 issue 3 pages 193 9 year 2004 month April pmid 15182702 doi 10.1016 j.biolcel.2003.10.009 url ref The function of the KA1 domain is not yet known. Some proteins known to contain a KA1 domain are listed below Mammalia n MAP microtubule affinity regulating kinases MARK1 MARK 1 , MARK2 2 , MARK3 3 . They regulate polarity in neuronal cell models and appear to function redundantly in Phosphorylation phosphorylating microtubule associated proteins and in regulating microtubule stability. ref name pmid12429843 cite journal author Biernat J, Wu YZ, Timm T, Zheng Fischhofer Q, Mandelkow E, Meijer L, Mandelkow EM title Protein kinase MARK PAR 1 is required for neurite outgrowth and establishment of neuronal polarity journal Mol. Biol. Cell volume 13 issue 11 pages 4013 28 year 2002 month November pmid 12429843 pmc 133611 doi 10.1091 mbc.02 03 0046 url ref Mammalian maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase MELK . It phosph ... more details
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