About the slave trade route the novel by Charles R. Johnson MiddlePassage novel the travelogue by V. S. Naipaul The MiddlePassage book Image Triangular trade.svg thumb 250 px right Commercial goods from Europe were shipped to Africa for sale and traded for enslaved Africans. Africans were in turn brought to the regions depicted in blue, in what became known as the MiddlePassage . African slaves were thereafter traded for raw materials, which were returned to Europe to complete the Triangular Trade . The MiddlePassage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa ref McKissack, Patricia C., and McKissack, Frederick. The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay . 1995, page 109. ref were shipped to the New World , as part of the Atlantic slave trade . Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped Africans, who were transported across the Atlantic as slaves the slaves were then sold or traded for raw materials, ref name walker Walker, Theodore. Mothership Connections . 2004, page 10. ref which would be transported back to Europe to complete the voyage. Voyages on the MiddlePassage were a large financial undertaking, and they were generally organized by companies or groups of investors rather than individuals. ref Thomas, Hugh. The Slave Trade the story of the Atlantic Slave Trade ... Slave Resistance during the MiddlePassage, 1720 1842 . The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 83, no. 3 ... World . 2005, page 30 1. ref The total number of African deaths directly attributable to the MiddlePassage voyage is estimated at up to two million a broader look at African deaths directly attributable ... due to the length of the passage were the main contributors to the death toll with amoebic ... on the passage was varied, slaves treatment was often horrific because the captured African men and women ... of the Atlantic Ocean Category African American history fr Passage du milieu he nl ... more details
unreferenced date October 2008 Image MiddlePassage.jpg thumb 1st edition cover Macmillan Publishers Macmillan The Middle Passage Impressions of Five Societies British, French and Dutch in the West Indies and South America is a 1962 book length essay Travel journal travelogue by V.S. Naipaul . It is his first book length work of non fiction. The book covers a year long trip through Trinidad , British Guiana , Suriname , Martinique , and Jamaica in 1961. As well as giving his own impressions, Naipaul refers to the work of earlier travellers such as Patrick Leigh Fermor who described a similar itinerary in The Traveller s Tree . Naipaul addresses a range of topics including the legacy of slavery and colonialism, race relations, the roles of South Asian immigrants in the various countries, and differences in language, culture, and economics. DEFAULTSORT Middle Passage Category 1961 books Category Travel books Category Books by V. S. Naipaul travel book stub Naipaul ... more details
Infobox Book name MiddlePassage title orig translator image Image MiddlePassageNovel.jpg 200px image caption Front cover of first edition author Charles R. Johnson illustrator cover artist country United States language English language English series subject genre Historical novel publisher Atheneum Publishers pub date 1990 media type pages isbn ISBN 0 684 85588 7 oclc preceded by Being and Race followed by Dreamer A Novel MiddlePassage 1990 is a historical novel by Charles R. Johnson about the final voyage of an illegal American slave ship . Set in 1830, it presents a personal and historical perspective of the illegal Slavery in the United States slave trade in the United States , telling the story of Rutherford Calhoun, a freed slave who unknowingly boards a slave ship bound for Africa in order to escape a forced marriage. It won the 1990 U.S. National Book Award for Fiction . ref name nba1990 http www.nationalbook.org nba1990.html National Book Awards 1990 . National Book Foundation . Retrieved 2012 03 28. br With essay by Sherrie Young from the Awards 60 year anniversary blog. ref Plot summary The protagonist is Rutherford Calhoun, a freed slave, who flees from New Orleans on a ship called the Republic to escape being blackmailed into marriage by Isadora Bailey, a schoolteacher who convinces Calhoun s creditor, Papa, to demand Calhoun pays him all he owes if he will not consent to marry Isadora. After meeting the drunken cook of the Republic while drinking to forget his troubles, Calhoun stows away aboard the ship and is later found after the voyage begins . The ship travels to Africa to capture members of the Allmuseri tribe to take back to America to sell as slaves ... Papa and marries Rutherford. Characters in MiddlePassage Captain Ebenezer Falcon Captain of the Republic ... An Almuseri girl that Calhoun has come to care for. References reflist Johnson, Charles R. MiddlePassage. New York, NY Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1998. DEFAULTSORT MiddlePassage Novel Category 1990 ... more details
wiktionary Passage or The Passage may refer to tocright Music Section music , a complete musical idea Other meanings Passage architecture , a long room or hall leading to other rooms Passage dressage pronounced to rhyme with massage , a form of trained slow, animated trot performed by a horse Passage legislature , the process of approving a proposed law Passage video game Passage video game , a computer game A distinct section of a cave A narrow street with walls or buildings on both sides Passage of scripture see Pericope , a selection of verses from a book of the Bible The Passage charity , a charity for homeless and vulnerable people in London The Passage , an upscale department store in Saint Petersburg, Russia Secret passage , a hidden route used for stealthy travel Transit passage , a concept ... Specific musical works Passage The Carpenters album Passage The Carpenters album , 1977 Passage Samael album Passage Samael album , 1996 Passage , a melancholic doom metal band from Quebec City Passage Bloodrock album Passage Bloodrock album , 1972 The Passage band , a punk rock band from the UK Passages Ravi Shankar and Philip Glass album Passages Ravi Shankar and Philip Glass album , 1990 The Passage , a song by Bradley Joseph from the 1997 album Rapture Bradley Joseph album Rapture Passage , song by Vienna Teng on her 2004 album Warm Strangers The Passage Andy Narell album The Passage Andy Narell album , 2004 The Passage Boy Hits Car album The Passage Boy Hits Car album , 2005 Fiction Passage 2001 novel Passage 2001 novel , a science fiction novel by Connie Willis Passage 2007 novel Passage 2007 novel , a novel by John David Morley Passage 2008 novel Passage 2008 novel , a novel by Lois McMaster Bujold The Passage novel The Passage novel , a 2010 novel by Justin Cronin Film The Passage 1979 film The Passage 1979 film , a 1979 film starring James Mason and Malcolm McDowell The Passage 2007 film The Passage 2007 film , a film by Mark Heller Passage 2008 film Passage 2008 film , a documentary ... more details
For the novel by Justin Cronin see The Passage novel Other uses Passage disambiguation File Semechkin.jpg thumb 200px The interior of the old Passage in the 1850s. The Passage lang ru , Passazh , from the French word Passage ref The first one was built in Paris in 1798 Passage du Caire . ref , is an elite ... anniversary in 1998. Parenthetically, the Passage premises have long been associated with the entertainment ... where the Passage sprawls had been devoted to trade since the city s foundation in the early 18th century ... gallery between Nevsky Avenue and Italianskaya Street which provided the main passage through the mall ... one of the world s first shopping malls, along with Passage du Caire in Paris 1798 Burlington Arcade ... storey building of the Passage opened its doors to consumers on May 9, 1848. It was one of the first ... admissions. Stenbock Fermor conceived of the Passage as more than a mere shopping mall, but also ... zoo , described by Dostoyevsky in his extravaganza Crocodile, or Passage through the Passage . The concert ... , and Taras Shevchenko . File Passazh.jpg thumb 225px Within the renovated Passage, 1902. 20th century In 1897 the ownership of the Passage passed from Stenbock Fermor s heirs to Princess Nadezhda ... several years of disorder, the store was reopened as the Passage Supermarket in 1922. It continued in this capacity until 1933, when the municipal authorities declared the Passage a model ... s World section became especially popular with the inhabitants of Leningrad. The Passage remained ... roof was subjected to intensive bombing, but amazingly the interior sustained little damage. The Passage ... has been specializing in goods for women. 21st century The Passage is now privately owned by employees ... international standards. Expanded showrooms welcomed more customers. Passage established relations ... acquired Nevsky Passage from VTB Bank in September 2011 Analysts valued the amount of transaction at 80mln. See also State Universal Store Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II Petrovsky Passage Arcade architecture ... more details
A Passage in Time may refer to A Passage in Time Dead Can Dance album A Passage in Time Dead Can Dance album , 1991 A Passage in Time Authority Zero album A Passage in Time Authority Zero album , 2002 disambiguation fr A Passage in Time ... more details
Passage Island may refer to Passage Island British Columbia Passage Island Tasmania Falkland Islands Passage Islands Passage Island, Falkland Islands , Byron Sound Passage Islands, alternate name for the Spanish Virgin Islands Passage Island Michigan geodis Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Night Passage may refer to Night Passage film , a 1957 western film starring James Stewart and Audie Murphy Night Passage album Night Passage album , Weather Report s tenth album, released in 1980 Night Passage opera Night Passage opera , a 1994 work by Robert Moran Night Passage Parker novel Night Passage Parker novel , one of the Jesse Stone novels written by Robert B. Parker Night Passage , a short story by Fritz Leiber disambiguation it Night Passage ... more details
Passage GAA may refer to Passage GAA Waterford , a GAA club based in the town of Passage East, County Waterford Passage West GAA , a GAA club based in the town of Passage West , County Cork disambig ... more details
Le Passage may refer to Le Passage, Is re , a commune in France Le Passage, Lot et Garonne , a commune in France Le Passage album Le Passage album , a 2004 album by Jenifer Bartoli Le Passage film , a 1986 French film starring Alain Delon Le Passage novel , a 1954 French novel by Jean Reverzy disambig ceb Le Passage es Le Passage fr Le Passage it Le Passage nl Le Passage pms Le Passage pl Le Passage sk Le Passage ... more details
South Passage may refer to South Passage New South Wales , a stream South Passage Queensland , a channel South Passage Tasmania , a channel South Passage Cervantes , Western Australia, a channel South Passage Houtman Abrolhos , Western Australia, a channel South Passage Lancelin , Western Australia, a channel South Passage North West Cape , Western Australia, a channel South Passage Rottnest Island , Western Australia, a channel South Passage Shark Bay , Western Australia, a channel South Entrance , New South Wales, a channel, also known as South Passage and Man Of War geodis ... more details
Coord 18 30 N 68 0 W display title File Mona passage.jpg thumb 350px Location of the Mona Passage The Mona Passage is a strait that separates the islands of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico . The Mona Passage connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean Sea , and is an important shipping route between the Atlantic and the Panama Canal . The convert 80 mi abbr on stretch of sea between the two islands is one of the most difficult passages in the Caribbean. It is fraught with variable tidal currents created by the large islands on either side of it, and by sand banks that extend out for many miles from both coasts. Islands There are three islands in the Mona Passage Mona, Puerto Rico Mona Island lies close to the middle of the Mona Passage. Five kilometers northwest of Mona Island is much smaller Monito Island . Fifty kilometers northeast of Mona Island and much closer 21 km to the Puerto Rican mainland is Desecheo Island . Structure and seismicity The Passage was also the site of a devastating earthquake and resulting tsunami that hit western Puerto Rico in 1918. ref name USGS http soundwaves.usgs.gov 2007 05 Uri ten Brink, New Bathymetric Map of Mona Passage, Northeastern Caribbean, Aids in Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard Mitigation, USGS Sound Waves Newsletter, May 2007 ref It is the site of frequent small earthquakes. The passage is underlain by a seismically active rift zone that overprints an older partly eroded Block fault tilted block structure. ref name USGS Desecheo Island sits on the Desecheo ridge, a narrow east west ridge that extends west from the northwest corner of Puerto Rico. The ridge forms the southern boundary of the 4000 m deep Mona rift which extends toward the north to the strike slip fault zones which bound Puerto Rico and Hispanola. The east face of the rift ... , then continuing across the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico without stopping. Under sail it means an even ... Republic Puerto Rico border Category International straits ocean stub de Mona Passage et Mona v il es ... more details
Safe Passage could refer to several topics Safe Passage Maine a non profit organization based in Yarmouth, Maine supporting families in Guatemala City Safe Passage film a 1994 film starring Susan Sarandon Disambig ... more details
Birds of Passage may refer to Migrating bird species in their regular seasonal journey. See Bird migration . Birds of Passage band , a musical project of New Zealand poet and singer songwriter Alicia Merz Birds of Passage album Birds of Passage album , an album by Norwegian band Bel Canto disambig ... more details
unreferenced date June 2010 Odessa Passage is a passage and a hotel on Deribasovskaya Street in the centre of Odessa . It has 4floors. On the ground floor there are many boutiqs and on other 3floors there is a hotel. Odessa Passage was built at the end of the 19th century and was the best hotel in Southern Russia until the Krasnaya Hotel was openned. An interior and the ex terrier of Passage building are decorated by numerous sculptures. The Passage houses multiple shops, restaurants, offices and economy hotel Passage . Passage is the most picturesque market of Odessa. coord missing Ukraine External links http www.passage.odessa.ua index.html Odessa Category Hotels in Ukraine Odessa Category Buildings and structures in Odessa, Ukraine Ukraine hotel struct stub ru , ... more details
Image Locmap DiscoveryPassage.png thumb 300px right Discovery Passage is the main channel connecting the Strait of Georgia and Johnstone Strait . Discovery Passage is a channel that forms part of the Inside Passage between Vancouver Island and the Discovery Islands which lie off the British Columbia coast north of the Georgia Strait . It was named by George Vancouver Captain Vancouver for his ship, the HMS Discovery 1789 6 . ref BCGNIS 17377 Discovery Passage ref Most of the eastern shoreline of the passage is Quadra Island , with Sonora Island British Columbia Sonora Island forming the shoreline at the northern end where Discovery Passage meets Johnstone Strait . The southern end of Discovery Passage enters the Strait of Georgia . It is convert 25 km mi abbr on in length and is typically about convert 2 km mi abbr on in width, less at Seymour Narrows which lies in the lower half of Discovery Passage. The passage is a significant shipping route as it is the preferred channel for vessels entering or leaving the Georgia Strait from the north. It forms a part of the Inside Passage shipping route. See also Cordero Channel Campbell River, British Columbia References reflist coord 50 13 N 125 23 W region CA type waterbody display title British Columbia hydrography Category Straits of British Columbia Category South Coast of British Columbia Category Discovery Islands BritishColumbiaCoast geo stub de Discovery Passage es Pasaje Discovery pt Passagem Discovery ... more details
image Thap passage tomb.JPG thumb 250px right A simple passage tomb in Carrowmore near Sligo in Ireland A passage grave sometimes hyphenated or passage tomb consists of a narrow passage made of large stones and one or multiple burial chambers covered in earth or stone. Megalith s are usually used in the construction of passage tombs, which usually date to the Neolithic . Those with more than one chamber may have multiple sub chambers leading off from the main burial chamber. One common layout, the cruciform passage grave , is cross shaped. Sometimes passage tombs are covered with a cairn , especially those dating to later times. Not all passage graves have had record of bodies being contained in them. One such example is Maeshowe . Passage tombs of the cairn type often have elaborate corbel led roofs rather than simple slabs. Prehistoric art Megalithic art has been identified carved into the stones at some sites. The passage itself, in a number of notable instances, is aligned in such a way that the sun shines into the passage at a significant point in the year, for example at sunrise ... left Tustrup dysserne, the largest passage grave in Eastern Jutland , is an example of Funnelbeaker ... court cairn s, portal dolmen s, wedge shaped gallery grave s, and passage tombs . ref cite book last ... Survey Ireland location Dublin ref This appears to be one of the first uses of the term passage tomb ... . Of their list, only passage tombs appear to have widespread distribution throughout Europe. Passage ... , and along the northern coast of Africa . The earliest passage tombs seem to take the form of small dolmen s. In Ireland and Britain, passage tombs are often found in large clusters, giving rise to the term passage tomb cemeteries. Many later passage tombs were constructed at the tops of hills or mountains ... Age and Celtic Stone Structures http www.newgrange.com Newgrange Passage Grave Bremore Passage Tomb ... ja no Ganggrav ru simple Passage tomb fi K yt v hauta sv G nggrift ta ... more details
Image Pommeraye4.JPG thumb 300px right Passage Pommeraye, Nantes The Passage Pommeraye is a small shopping mall in central Nantes , France , named after its property developer , Louis Pommeraye. Construction started at the end of 1840 and was completed on 4 July 1843. The Passage Pommeraye is a passage between two streets, the rue Santeuil and rue de la Fosse, with one 9.40 m higher than the other. Midway, there is a flight of steps and the mall then continues on another floor. Two architect s, Jean Baptiste Buron and Hippolyte Durand Gasselin, contributed to its design, which is very elaborate and includes renaissance style sculptures. The Passage Pommeraye has been classified as a historic monument since 1976. Movies The Passage Pommeraye can be seen in several movies Lola 1961 film Lola by director Jacques Demy . Une chambre en ville by director Jacques Demy . Les Parapluies de Cherbourg by director Jacques Demy . La reine blanche film La reine blanche by director Jean Loup Huber . Source http www.nantes44.com pommeray.htm in French , accessed on 10 November 2005 Photos center gallery Image Passage pommeraye 2.jpg Passage Pommeraye, Nantes Image Passage pommeraye.jpg Passage Pommeraye, Nantes File Passage Pommeraye 1.jpg File Passage Pommeraye 2.jpg File PassagePommeraye200911.jpeg Passage Pommeraye, Nantes gallery center coord 47 12 48 N 1 33 35 W type landmark source kolossus frwiki display title Category Nantes Category Shopping arcades in France de Passage Pommeraye fr Passage Pommeraye zh ... more details
Infobox book name The Passage image include the file and the image size image caption author Justin Cronin ... The Passage is a novel by Justin Cronin , published in 2010 by Ballantine Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. The Passage debuted at 3 on the New York Times hardcover fiction best ... under his belt justin cronin is lits latest unlikely celebrity Arts.nationalpost.com ref Setting The Passage ... for The Passage in 2006 when his daughter asked him to write a book about a girl who saves the world ... 0345504968 Amazon.com ref Reception The Passage has received generally positive reviews, receiving ... the passage by justin cronin.html reviews Thelitreview.com ref The National Post called The Passage ... King King pseudonym. USA Today said that The Passage could be the best book of the summer. The New York Times Book Review said that The Passage is A blockbuster astutely plotted and imaginative . ref name Amazon ref The Los Angeles Times said The Passage is as stirring as it is epic , and even described ... The Passage by Justin Cronin ref The San Francisco Chronicle selected The Passage as one of the best ... King called The Passage enthralling , and said that It has the vividness that only epic works ... Enterthepassage.com ref Dan Chaon called The Passage hypnotic and said that you can t turn the pages ... Cronin has written a wild, headlong, sweeping extravaganza of a novel. The Passage is the literary ... called The Passage a sweeping Dystopia dystopian epic . ref name Amazon ref Plot The novel is broken ... . The novel ends ambiguously for all surviving characters. Characters Main List of The Passage 2010 novel characters The protagonist of The Passage is Amy Harper Bellafonte, a child who is infected ... to Amy, he is absent from a significant portion from the middle part of the novel. Film adaptation ... reflist External links http enterthepassage.com Enter The Passage , The official website http www.findsubjectzero.com ... search?SearchText the passage&SearchButton Search The UK edition of The Passage http arts.nationalpost.com ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image BritishVirginIsland map.png thumb right Map of the British Virgin Islands, with the Anegada Passage labeled at right Anegada Passage is a strait in the Caribbean , at Coord 18.377986 N 63.837433 W . It separates the British Virgin Islands and Sombrero, Anguilla Sombrero Island of Anguilla . Category Straits of the Caribbean Category Landforms of Anguilla Category Landforms of the British Virgin Islands BVI geo stub Anguilla geo stub de Anegada Passage fr Passage d Anegada it Anegada Passage sv Anegadapassagen tr Anegada Bo az vi Eo bi n Anegada ... more details
File Dalcopassage.from.Owensbeach.looking.north.jpg thumb right Dalco Passage Dalco Passage is a tidal strait within Puget Sound in the U.S. state of Washington U.S. state Washington . Located between the southern end of Vashon Island and the mainland near Tacoma, Washington Tacoma , Dalco Passage connects the northern main Puget Sound basin to the southern basin, via the Tacoma Narrows strait. Colvos Passage , Commencement Bay , and Quartermaster Harbor are also connected to Dalco Passage. coord 47 19 18 N 122 30 41 W display title Category Landforms of King County, Washington Category Straits of Washington state Category Landforms of Puget Sound Category Landforms of Pierce County, Washington KingWA geo stub PierceWA geo stub ... more details
File Passage Brady.jpg frameless right Passage Brady is one of two covered arcades located in the Xe arrondissement 10th arrondisement of Paris , constructed in 1828 . It lies between rue du Faubourg Saint Denis and rue du Faubourg Saint Martin . It is famous for the several Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi restaurants located in the arcade. commonscat coord 48 52 16.05 N 02 21 19 E type landmark scale 5000 source frwiki display title Category 10th arrondissement of Paris Category Shopping arcades in France Paris geo stub cs Passage Brady de Passage Brady fr Passage Brady zh ... more details
File Buka Passage NAN1Jan44.jpg thumb A 1943 aerial photograph of the Buka Passage between Bougainville left and Buka right islands Buka Passage is a narrow strait that separates Buka Island from the northern part of Bougainville Island . A number of shipwrecks are located in the passage. The aerial photograph on the right, taken in 1943, shows the Buka Passage between Bougainville left and Buka right islands. Two Japanese airfields are visible, Buka airfield center and Bonis airfield left . Today Buka Airport Buka airfield is Bougainville s major airport whereas Bonis is disused since World War II . coord missing Papua New Guinea Category Geography of Papua New Guinea PapuaNewGuinea geo stub ... more details
Orphan date April 2011 Mudge Passage coor dm 66 2 S 65 50 W is a marine passage running east west from the vicinity of Prospect Point , Graham Coast , between Beer Island and Dodman Island to the north and Saffery Islands and Trump Islands to the south, to the vicinity of Extension Reef . The passage was navigated and charted by Captain C.R. Elliott in RRS John Biscoe in January 1979. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place Names Committee UK APC in association with Harrison Passage and Maskelyne Passage to the northeast, after Thomas Mudge horologist Thomas Mudge 1715 94 , English horologist who made substantial improvements to marine chronometers. usgs gazetteer Category Straits of Graham Land Category Graham Coast GrahamCoast geo stub ... more details
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