A modalhaplotype is an ancestral haplotype derived from the Genealogical DNA test DNA test results of a specific group of people, using genetic genealogy . The two most commonly discussed modal haplotypes are the Atlantic ModalHaplotype the most common haplotype in parts of Europe, ref http www.clanlindsay.com genetic dna glossary.htm Glossary of Genetics Terms ref associated with Haplogroup R1b Y DNA Haplogroup R1b and the Cohen ModalHaplotype the haplotype associated with the Jewish Kohen Cohanim tradition . However, a specific modalhaplotype may be determined for any genealogical DNA test based surname project or other test group. List of modal haplotypes Empty section date July 2010 References references See also Genealogical DNA test Genetic genealogy Category Genetic genealogy Category Human Y DNA modal haplotypes ... more details
In human genetics , the Atlantic ModalHaplotype AMH or haplotype 15 is a Y chromosome haplotype of Y STR Microsatellite genetics microsatellite variations, associated with the Haplogroup R1b Y DNA Haplogroup R1b . It was discovered prior to many of the Single nucleotide polymorphism SNPs now used to identify subclades of R1b and references to it can be found in some of the older literature. It corresponds most closely with subclade R1b1a2a1a 1 L11 . The AMH is the most frequently occurring haplotype amongst human males in Atlantic Europe . It is characterized by the following marker allele s DYS388 12 DYS390 24 DYS391 11 DYS392 13 DYS393 13 DYS394 14 also known as DYS19 It reaches the highest frequencies in the Iberian Peninsula and in Great Britain and Ireland . In the Iberian Peninsula it reaches 70 in Portugal as a whole, more than 90 in Norte Region, Portugal NW Portugal and nearly 90 in Galicia Spain Galicia NW Spain , while the highest value is to be found among Spanish Basques . One mutation in either direction, would be AMH 1.15 . The AMH 1.15 set of haplotypes is also referred to as the Atlantic Modal Cluster or AMC. See also ModalhaplotypeHaplotype Haplogroup Haplogroup R1b Y DNA Haplogroup R1b List of Y STR markers External links http www.duerinck.com define.html Some Haplotype Definitions http www.worldfamilies.net Tools r1b ydna in europe.htm Some Variations of DYS390 http www.pnas.org cgi reprint 98 9 5078.pdf A PNAS article on AMH and variations on the British Isles Category Human Y DNA modal haplotypes ... more details
a definite most probable center, the modalhaplotype presumably close to the haplotype of the original ... modalhaplotype, but only if the cluster is sufficiently distinct from what may have arisen by chance ...genetic genealogy A haplotype from the lang el , haplo s , onefold, single, simple in genetics ... that are transmitted together. A haplotype may be one locus, several loci, or an entire chromosome ... a given set of loci. In a second meaning, haplotype is a set of single nucleotide polymorphism s SNPs ... . It is thought that these associations, and the identification of a few alleles of a haplotype block ... issue 6968 ref ref cite journal author The International HapMap Consortium title A haplotype ... 1880871 ref Many genetic testing companies use the term haplotype to refer to an individual collection ... & Genes. Volume 7, Issue 3 ref Haplotype resolution An organism s genotype may not uniquely define its haplotype. For example, consider a diploid organism and two bi allelic locus genetics loci such as single ... or both loci, the haplotypes are unambiguous meaning that there is no differentiation in haplotype T1T2 vs haplotype T2T1 where T1 and T2 are labeled to show that they are the same locus, but labeled ... t know which haplotype you have, e.g., TA vs AT. class wikitable AA AT TT GG AG AG AG TG TG TG GC AG ... haplotype when phase is ambiguous using a sample of individuals. Given the genotypes for a number of individuals, the haplotypes can be inferred by haplotype resolution or haplotype phasing ... genomic regions. Therefore, given a set of possible haplotype resolutions, these methods choose ... a metaphase cell followed by direct resolution of the haplotype for each allele. Y DNA haplotypes from ... no randomisation of the Y chromosome haplotype between generations. A human male should largely ... that make up the full Y DNA haplotype from the Y chromosome DNA test can be divided into two ... individuals. Y STR haplotypes Genetic results also include the Y STR haplotype , the set of results ... more details
wiktionary modalModal may refer to Modal textile , a textile made from spun Beechwood cellulose fiber Modal analysis , the study of the dynamic properties of structures under vibrational excitation Modal bandwidth , in the discipline of telecommunications, refers to the signalling rate per distance unit Modalhaplotype , an ancestral haplotype derived from the DNA test results of a specific group of people Modal jazz , jazz that uses musical modes rather than chord progressions as a harmonic framework Modal logic , a type of formal logic that extends the standards of formal logic to include the elements of modality Modal matrix , used in the diagonalization process involving eigenvalues and eigenvectors Modal phenomena Federal Transit Administration Modal administration , used in Federal Agencies to describe sub offices or modes Federal Transit Administration Modal transportation , used in transit to describe multiple modes of transit available such as bus, trolley, train, ferry Modal score , used in testing and education for the most common score Modal verb , a type of auxiliary verb that is used to indicate modality Modal window , a child window that requires users to interact with it before they can return to operating the parent application Mode disambiguation Modality disambiguation Musical mode , a concept that involves scale and melody type See also lookfrom Modal disambig de Modal fr Modal ja pt Modal sv Modal ... more details
Multiple issues orphan March 2012 unreferenced March 2011 notability March 2011 In human genetics, Haplotype 35 , also called ht35 or the Armenian ModalHaplotype, is a Y chromosome haplotype of Y STR Microsatellite genetics microsatellite variations, associated with the Haplogroup R1b Y DNA Haplogroup R1b . It is characterized by DYS393 12 as opposed to the Atlantic ModalHaplotype , another R1b haplotype, which is characterized by DYS393 13 . The members of this haplotype are found in high numbers in Anatolia and Armenia , with smaller numbers throughout Central Asia , the Middle East, the Balkans, the Caucus Mountains, and in Jewish populations. They are also present in Britain in areas that were found to have a high concentration of Haplogroup J, suggesting they arrived together, perhaps through Roman soldiers. See also ModalhaplotypeHaplotype Haplogroup Haplogroup R1b Y DNA Haplogroup R1b List of Y STR markers External links http freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com gallgaedhil haplo r1b ht35 analysis.htm Haplogroup R1b Haplotype 35 Category Human Y DNA modal haplotypes ... more details
Merge Haplotype date May 2009 Haplotype diversity is a measure of the uniqueness of a particular haplotype in a given population. The haplotype diversity H is calculated as ref Masatoshi Nei and Fumio Tajima, DNA polymorphism detectable by restriction endonucleases , Genetics 97 145 1981 ref br math H frac N N 1 1 sum i x i 2 math br where math x i math is the relative haplotype frequency of each haplotype in the sample and math N math is the sample size. Haplotype diversity is given for each sample. References Reflist Category Genetics genetics stub ... more details
orphan date February 2012 Haplotype convergence is a term used in the study of DNA haplotype s series of closely related genetic markers for two haplotypes resembling each other due to chance. Description Two haplotypes may contain similar markers for two different reasons coincidence or common descent common ancestry . By coincidence, random mutation s over sufficient time can result in the same or similar markers being present in two haplotypes, as the markers randomly change. This phenomenon is called haplotype convergence. It is less likely to happen if more markers are tested, since that would require less and less likely multiple coincidences. ref cite web url http freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com gkbopp DNA CommonHaplotypes.htm Convergence title Common haplotypes date 14 December 2006 publisher ancestry.com accessdate 28 March 2012 ref See also Convergent evolution References reflist DEFAULTSORT Haplotype convergence genetics stub evolution stub cat improve date March 2012 ... more details
Modal fictionalism is a term used in philosophy , and more specifically in modal logic , to describe the position that holds that talk of possible worlds is actually false, because there are not existing possible worlds, but modal statements can be still be true, because adopting such a discourse may be a useful fiction and truth condition is determined according to such a modal fiction, similar to the way we determine the truth value of sentences when we talk about the content of a story. The position was mainly advocated by Gideon Rosen starting from 1990. A contrast to the position of modal fictionalism would be the position of modal realism , which holds that possible worlds exist and are as real as our world. Modal realism was most famously advanced by the 20th century thinker David Kellogg Lewis David Lewis . See also Fictionalism References http plato.stanford.edu entries fictionalism modalModal fictionalism at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy http plato.stanford.edu entries fictionalism modal supplement3.html Modal Fictionalism and Possible Worlds Semantics at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Philosophy topics Category Modal logic Category Theories of deduction Category Possibility Category Metaphysical theories philo stub ... more details
Modal Bandwidth , in the discipline of telecommunications , refers to the signalling rate per distance unit. The signalling rate can typically be measured in MHz , and the modal bandwidth is expressed as MHz km multiplied . The Modal bandwidth of a multimode fiber is determined from the optical output power frequency spectrum. The frequency at which the amplitude drops three decibels dB relative to the zero frequency component of the fiber is defined as the 3 dB bandwidth or modal bandwidth of the fiber. Telecomm stub DEFAULTSORT Modal Bandwidth Category Telecommunications ... more details
Refimprove date February 2010 Modal is a cellulose fiber made by spinning textiles spinning reconstituted cellulose , often from beech trees. It is about 50 more hygroscopic water absorbent per unit volume than cotton . It takes dye like cotton and is color fast when washed in warm water. Modal is a kind of rayon . ref http cameo.mfa.org materials record.asp?key 2170&subkey 6142&Search Search&MaterialName modal fiber&submit.x 0&submit.y 0 Data sheet on modal ref Textiles made from modal are resistant to Shrinkage fabric shrinkage and fading but prone to stretching and pilling. They are smooth and soft, more so than mercerized cotton . Mineral deposits from hard water do not stick to the fabric surface. Modal fabrics should be washed at lower temperatures and like cotton, are often ironed after washing. Lenzing Modal is a registered trademark of Lenzing AG , an Austrian company specializing in textiles and fibers, moreover natural fibers made from cellulose. Modal is used alone or with other fibers often cotton or spandex in household items such as towels, bathrobes, underwear and bedsheets. One of the first high end designers to start using Modal was G Star Raw who incorporated it into their 2009 collection. See also Lyocell Rayon Viscose References reflist fibers DEFAULTSORT Modal Textile Category Synthetic fibers Category Cellulose textile stub ar cs Modalov visk zov vl kna es Modal fr Modal textile it Modal nl Modal pl Modal pt Modal fibra ru fi Modaali kuitu sv Modalfiber uk he ... more details
In abstract algebra algebra and logic , a modal algebra is a structure math langle A, land, lor, ,0,1, Box rangle math such that math langle A, land, lor, ,0,1 rangle math is a Boolean algebra structure Boolean algebra , math Box math is a unary operation on A satisfying math Box1 1 math and math Box x land y Box x land Box y math for all x , y in A . Modal algebras provide models of propositional logic propositional modal logic s in the same way as Boolean algebras are models of classical logic . In particular, the variety universal algebra variety of all modal algebras is the equivalent algebraic semantics of the modal logic K in the sense of abstract algebraic logic , and the lattice order lattice of its subvarieties is dually isomorphic to the lattice of normal modal logic s. Stone s representation theorem can be generalized to the J nsson Tarski duality , which ensures that each modal algebra can be representation theorem represented as the algebra of admissible sets in a modal general frame . See also interior algebra Heyting algebra References A. Chagrov and M. Zakharyaschev, Modal Logic , Oxford Logic Guides vol. 35, Oxford University Press, 1997. ISBN 0 19 853779 4 algebra stub Category Modal logic Category Boolean algebra zh ... more details
In linguistics , the modal case list of glossing abbreviations abbreviated sc mod is a grammatical case used to express ability, intention, necessity, obligation, permission, possibility, etc. It takes the place of English modal verb s such as can, could, would, might, may. This case can be found in the Kayardild language and the other Tangkic languages of Northern Australia . external reference http www.essex.ac.uk linguistics external LFG www lfg.stanford.edu lfg2004 abstracts lfg04 abs evans nordlinger.pdf Article on modal case Grammatical cases Category Grammatical cases bs Modal br Troad doarea ca Cas modal ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 A modal property is a property representing possession of the qualities especially mental qualities required to do something or get something done. It is a base concept , one of the base concepts mentioned as base types in the WordNet ontology of semantics . It is not a mental property . It is not a physical property . stub ling DEFAULTSORT Modal Property Category Semantics Category Ontology ... more details
Modal analysis is the study of the dynamic properties of structures under vibration al excitation. Modal analysis is the field of measuring and analysing the dynamic response of structures and or fluids when excited by an input. Examples would include measuring the vibration of a car s body when it is attached to an Electromagnetism electromagnetic shaker, or the noise pattern in a room when excited by a loudspeaker. Modern day modal testing systems are composed of transducer s typically accelerometer ... with finite element analysis normal mode solutions. Structures In structural engineering , modal analysis ... damage. Although modal analysis is usually carried out by computers , it is possible to hand calculate ... by hand. Electrodynamics The basic idea of a modal analysis in electrodynamics is the same as in mechanics ... conducting enclosures such as waveguide s or resonator s. See also Frequency analysis Modal analysis using FEM Mode shape Eigenanalysis Structural dynamics Vibration Modal testing Seismic ahmad performance analysis References D. J. Ewins Modal Testing Theory, Practice and Application Jimin He, Zhi Fang Fu 2001 . Modal Analysis , Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN 0 7506 5079 6. External links http www.polytec.com us applications automotive transportation experimental modal analysis Experimental Modal Analysis http www.lmsintl.com modal analysis A Brief Introduction to Modal Analysis http www.sem.org ... http www.sem.org CONF IMAC TOP.asp International Modal Analysis Conference IMAC http www.isma isaac.be International Seminar on Modal Analysis ISMA http www.nafems.org events nafems 2009 modal NAFEMS Modal Analysis in Virtual Prototyping and Product Validation http www.lmsintl.com dynamic testing aerospace ... products MPE SDOF.php Free Excel sheets to estimate modal parameters http macl.caeds.eng.uml.edu umlspace mspace.html Modal Space In Our Own Little World a tutorial by Peter Avitabile ... pl Analiza modalna pt An lise modal ... more details
Modal testing is a form of vibration vibration testing of an object whereby the natural modal frequencies, modal masses, modal damping ratios and mode shapes of the object under test are determined. A modal test consists of an acquisition phase and an analysis phase. The complete process is often referred to as a Modal Analysis or Experimental Modal Analysis. There are several ways to do modal testing but impact hammer testing and shaker vibration tester testing are commonplace. In both cases energy is supplied to the system with a known frequency content. Where structural resonances occur there will be an Amplifier amplification of the response, clearly seen in the response spectra. Using the response spectra and force spectra, a transfer function can be obtained. The transfer function or frequency response function FRF is often curve fitting curve fitted to estimate the modal parameters however, there are many methods of modal Estimation theory parameter estimation and it is the topic of much research. Image M1w1Layout.jpg frame center alt Layout of a modal testing system Sample layout of a modal testing system Impact Hammer Modal Testing An ideal impact to a structure is a perfect impulse, which has an infinitely small duration, causing a constant amplitude in the frequency domain this would result in all modes of vibration being excited with equal energy. The impact hammer test is designed to replicate this however, in reality a hammer strike cannot last for an infinitely small duration, but has a known contact time. The duration of the contact time directly influences the frequency ... due to a poor signal to noise ratio . This is common on large civil engineering structures. Shaker Modal ... signal. Several input signals are available for modal testing, but the sine sweep and random frequency ... are measured as modal frequencies. Usually a load cell is placed between the shaker and the structure ... us applications automotive transportation experimental modal analysis Experimental Modal Analysis ... more details
unreferenced date December 2011 In modal logic , the modal depth of a formula is the deepest nesting of modal operator s commonly math Box math and math Diamond math . Modal formulas without modal operators have a modal depth of zero. Definition Modal depth can be defined as follows. Let math MD phi math be a Function mathematics function that computes the modal depth for a modal formula math phi math math MD p 0 math , where math p math is an atomic formula . math MD top 0 math math MD bot 0 math math MD neg varphi MD varphi math math MD varphi wedge psi max MD varphi , MD psi math math MD varphi vee psi max MD varphi , MD psi math math MD varphi rightarrow psi max MD varphi , MD psi math math MD Box varphi 1 MD varphi math math MD Diamond varphi 1 MD varphi math Example The following computation gives the modal depth of math Box Box p rightarrow p math math MD Box Box p rightarrow p math math 1 MD Box p rightarrow p math math 1 max MD Box p , MD p math math 1 max 1 MD p , 0 math math 1 max 1 0, 0 math math 1 1 math 2 Modal depth and semantics The modal depth of a formula indicates how far one needs to look in a Kripke model when checking the validity of the formula. For each modal operator, one needs to transition from a world in the model to a world that is accessible through the accessibility relation . The modal depth indicates the longest chain of transitions from a world to the next that is needed to verify the validity of a formula. For example, to check whether math M, w models Diamond Diamond varphi math , one needs to check whether there exists an accessible world math v math for which math M, v models Diamond varphi math . If that is the case, one needs to check ... this is, by definition, the modal depth of that formula. The modal depth is an upper bound inclusive on the number of transitions as for boxes, a modal formula is also true whenever a world has no accessible ... about the validity of formulas with a box as outer operator. logic stub Category Modal logic ... more details
In linguistics , modal particles are always uninflected word s, and are a type of grammatical particle . Their function is that of reflecting the grammatical mood mood or attitude of the speaker or narrator, in that they are not reflexive but change the mood of the verb. Languages that use a lot of modal particles in their spoken form include Japanese language Japanese , German language German , and Dutch language Dutch . ref http dutchcentre.group.shef.ac.uk advanced.dutch.grammar mod par.php?PHPSESSID c40f574d03dcb5ffb37b8e924fde3caaAdvanced Dutch Grammar politeness Beleefdheid Modal particle Modale partikels retrieved 2009 01 01 ref The untranslatability translation is often not straightforward and depends on the context. Mandarin Chinese depends highly on the use of modal particles. Because it is a tonal language , expressing emotion by changing the pitch of the sentence or phrase would make the meaning of the sentence different therefore, many particles have arisen that can be added to the end of the sentence to express emotion. ref http books.google.com books?id 8OT Sbk0yekC&pg PA129&lpg PA129&dq history of ma chinese particle&source web&ots n9TpbP8fyO&sig uh0bZXtsh1BsthGp4osMQj2G6aE&hl en&sa X&oi book result&resnum 3&ct result The Chinese Language, By Daniel Kane retrieved 2009 01 29 ref See also Modal verb German modal particle s References Reflist Lexical categories state collapsed Category Parts of speech syntax stub de Modalpartikel fr Particule modale nl Modaal partikel ... more details
Deleted image removed Image Modal window.png thumb Modal window displayed by the Mozilla Firefox Web browser puic 1 Modal window.png log 2009 March 10 In user interface design, a modal window is a Window ... main window. Modal windows are often called heavy windows or modal dialogs because the window is often used to display a dialog box . Modal windows are commonly used in GUI systems to command ... in detail. ref Cite web title Modal Panel author Quince UX patterns explorer url http quince.infragistics.com Patterns Modal 20Panel.html ref Relevance and usage Use cases Frequent uses of modal windows ... for modal dialogs, but it is also criticised by usability experts as being ineffective for its intended ... http www.alistapart.com articles neveruseawarning Never Use a Warning When you Mean Undo ref Modal sheets in Mac OS X Many features that would typically be represented by modal windows are implemented as modal Transient screen transient panels called Sheets on Mac OS X. Transient windows behave similarly to modal windows spaced ndash they are always on top of the parent window and are not shown ... A modal window blocks all other workflow in the top level program until the modal window is closed ... in Dialogs publisher Oracle Corporation ref Modal windows are intended to grab the user s full attention. ref Cite web url http quince.infragistics.com Patterns Modal 20Panel.aspx Problem title Modal Panel author http infragistics.com Infragistics.com ref Users may not recognize that a modal window ... designers have recently taken steps to make modal windows more obvious and user friendly by darkening the background behind the window or allowing any mouse click outside of the modal window to force ... ref thus alleviating those problems. Jakob Nielsen states as an advantage of modal dialogs that it improves ... flow Modal windows are an integral part of common GUI toolkits and are frequently used ..., proponents of modal windows Who date July 2009 advocate reducing the amount of user input ... more details
A modal verb also modal , modal auxiliary verb , modal auxiliary is a type of auxiliary verb that is used ... verbs to express modality is particularly characteristic of Germanic languages . Function Modal ... use of modal auxiliaries is to indicate dynamic modality , which refers to properties such as ability ... Latine dicere possum. List of Germanic etymological relatives The table below lists some modal verbs ... modal auxiliary verb provides an exhaustive list of modal verbs in English, and German verb Modal verbs provides a list for German, with translations. Dutch verbs Irregular verbs gives conjugations ... must m ssen, muss moeten, moet may please do not change this they are historically the same modal ... word and included in the list of modal verbs, but it is actually the past subjunctive form of m gen . The English verbs dare and need have both a modal use he dare not do it , and a non modal use he doesn t dare to do it . The Dutch verb durven is not considered a modal but it is there, nevertheless because its modal use has disappeared, but it has a non modal use analogous with the English ... . ref http google.com search?q cache 4jSCED4RopEJ www.w3.org People Jacobs modals.ps like modal verb&hl en&ct clnk&cd 10&gl us Ian Jacobs. English Modal Verbs. August 1995 ref Some other English verbs express modality although they are not modal verbs because they are not auxiliaries, including want ... Germanic modal verbs are preterite present verb s, which means that their present tense has the form ... in German and Dutch. Because of their preterite origins, modal verbs also lack the suffix s in modern ... normal verb modal verb English he work s he can German er arbeite t er kann Dutch hij werk t hij kan The main verb that is modified by the modal verb is in the infinitive form and is not preceded by the word to German zu , Dutch te . There are verbs that may seem somewhat similar in meaning to modal ... normal verb modal verb English he tries to work he can work German er versucht zu arbeiten er kann ... more details
Expert subject logic date November 2008 Refimprove date February 2008 In modal logic , a modal operator is an Operation mathematics operator which forms proposition s from propositions. In general, a modal operator has the formal property of being non truth function truth functional , and is intuitively characterised by expressing a modal attitude such as necessity , possibility , belief , or knowledge about the proposition to which the operator is applied. The concrete examples in this entry relate modality to literary theory . Literary theory In literary and fiction theory, the concept of modal operators has been explored by Lubomir Dolezel in Heterocosmica 1998 , a book that articulates a complete ... into orders that have the potential to produce stories. Based on the theories of modal logic , Dolezel introduces a set of modal systems that are appropriated for fictional semantics , expanding ... interpretations of the modal operator of modalmodal logic alethic , deontic , axiological and epistemic . Alethic Alethic modality Alethic modal operators M operators determine the fundamental conditions ..., people, and qualities in the fictional worlds . Alethic modal operators play an important role ... is usually revealed by the alethic modal operators a when they show the presence of physically impossible ... represented in dreams within a fictional world . Deontic Deontic logic Deontic modal operators ..., the protagonist of F.M. Dostoevsky s Crime and Punishment 1866 . Axiological Axiological modal operators ... of Our Time 1839 . Epistemic Epistemic modal operators K operators reflect the level of knowledge ... alethic modal logic of Clarence Irving Lewis C.I. Lewis , the modal operator math Box math expresses ... . The previous two examples are of unary or Monad category theory monadic modal operators. As an example of a dyadic modal operator which produces a new proposition from two old propositions is the operator ... that A is obligatory under the circumstances B . logic Category Modal logic Category Literary theory ... more details
Vocal registration Phonation main Voice phonetics vocal register Modal voice is the vocal register used most frequently in speech and singing in most languages. It is also the term used in linguistics for the most common phonation of vowels. The term modal refers to the resonance resonant mode of vocal cords that is, the optimal combination of airflow and glottis glottal tension that yields maximum vibration. ref name SOWL SOWL ref In linguistics , modal voice is the only phonation found in the vowels and other sonorant s consonants such as m, n, l, and r of most of the languages of the world, though a significant minority contrast modal voice with other phonations. Among obstruent s consonants such as k, g, ch, j, s, and z , it is very common for languages to contrast modal voice with voiceless ness, though in English phonology English many supposedly voiced obstruents do not have modal voice in most environments. ref name SOWL In speech pathology , the modal register is one of the four ... some vocal pedagogists may view vocal registration differently. In singing, the modal register ... or more within the modal register with consistent production, beauty of tone, dynamic variation ... last McKinney first James year 1994 publisher Genovex Music Group isbn 978 1565939400 ref The modal register begins and ends in different places within the human voice. The placement of the modal register ... 30 35 ref Physiological process of the modal register In the modal register the length, tension, and mass ... laryngeal adjustment that does not permit the necessary changes to take place within the modal register ... fold animated.gif thumb left 150px Glottal cycle, modal voice On the lower pitches in the modal ... this imparts a fluid, wavelike motion to the cords. The modal voice has a broad harmonic spectrum ... pitches of the modal register. ref cite book title The Voice and its Disorders last ... Voice registers pt Voz modal ... more details
Infobox Music genre name Modal jazz bgcolor pink color black stylistic origins Jazz , cool jazz , ref ... derivatives subgenrelist subgenres fusiongenres regional scenes other topics Modal jazz is jazz that uses ... framework. Originating in the late 1950s and 1960s, modal jazz is characterized by Miles Davis s Milestones ... , modal jazz compositions or accompaniment s may only or additionally make use of the following techniques ... or melody melodies History An understanding of modal jazz requires knowledge of musical modes. In bebop ... began using a modal approach. They chose not to write their pieces using conventional chord changes, but instead using modal scales. Mercer Ellington has stated that Juan Tizol invented the melody ... as an inspiration for Modal Jazz ref http www.npr.org 2011 04 22 135629755 mercer ellington on piano ... modal jazz songs when playing the chord C. In a modal song, these other notes may be freely used as long ... of modal jazz were So What composition So What by Miles Davis and Impressions composition ... composition Footprints . ref name Dummies In improvising within a modal context, a musician would start .... The bassist, in a modal context, is not required to walk from one important nonchord tone chord ... to highlight the 6th degree during a Dorian chord . As a result, bass lines found in modal ... of modal jazz. In bebop, a soloist typically constructs solos to fit within a particular set of chord changes. In modal jazz, with its lack of conventional bop chord changes, the soloist can create interest by exploring the particular mode in rhythmically and melodically varied ways. Modal jazz is, in a sense ... recorded one of the best selling jazz albums of all time in this modal framework. Kind of Blue is an exploration of the possibilities of modal jazz. ref name Complete ref name Dummies Included on these sessions ... of modal improvisation more deeply than any other jazz artist. The rest of the musicians on the album ... from hard bop to modal playing. While Davis explorations of modal jazz were sporadic throughout the 1960s ... more details
Semi modals are multi word constructions that function like modal verbs. Examples include had better have got to ought to be going to used to Note that the semi modals have to and be going to can be marked for tense and person and can co occur with other modals. syntax stub Category English language ... more details
In logic , a modal companion of a intermediate logic superintuitionistic intermediate logic L is a normal modal logic normal modal logic which interprets L by a certain canonical translation, described below. Modal companions share various properties of the original intermediate logic, which enables to study intermediate logics using tools developed for modal logic. G del McKinsey Tarski translation Let A be a propositional intuitionistic logic intuitionistic formula. A modal formula T A is defined .... All such variants are provably equivalent in S4 . Modal companions For any normal modal logic ... of any normal extension of S4 is a superintuitionistic logic. A modal logic M is a modal companion of a superintuitionistic logic L if math L rho M math . Every superintuitionistic logic has modal companions. The smallest modal companion of L is math tau L mathbf S4 oplus T A mid L vdash A , math ... also has the largest modal companion , which is denoted by L . A modal logic M is a companion of L ... modal companion of the intuitionistic logic IPC . The largest modal companion of IPC is the Andrzej ... over K . The smallest modal companion of the classical logic CPC is Lewis S5 , whereas its largest modal companion is the logic math mathbf Triv mathbf K oplus A leftrightarrow Box A . math More examples ... lattice , denoted Ext L . Similarly, the set of normal extensions of a modal logic M is a complete ... lattice homomorphism s. The cornerstone of the theory of modal companions is the Blok Esakia theorem ... of largest modal companions for every superintuitionistic logic L , math sigma L tau L mathbf ... mathbf F langle F,R,V rangle math be a transitive relation transitive and reflexive modal general ... if T A is valid in F . Therefore the si fragment of a modal logic M can be defined semantically if M ... with respect to the class math rho mathbf F , mathbf F in C math . The largest modal companions ... math , thus math sigma mathbf F langle F, le, sigma V rangle math is a general modal frame. The skeleton ... more details
No footnotes date February 2010 Modal dispersion is a distortion mechanism occurring in multimode fiber s and other waveguide s, in which the signal is spread in time because the Wave propagation propagation velocity of the optical signal is not the same for all normal mode mode s. Other names for this phenomenon include multimode distortion , multimode dispersion , modal distortion , intermodal distortion , intermodal dispersion , and intermodal delay distortion . In the ray optics ray optics analogy, modal dispersion in a step index optical fiber may be compared to multipath propagation of a radio radio signal . Rays of light enter the fiber with different angles to the fiber axis , up to the fiber s Guided ray acceptance angle . Rays that enter with a shallower angle travel by a more direct path, and arrive sooner than rays that enter at a steeper angle which reflection physics reflect many more times off the boundaries of the core as they travel the length of the fiber . The arrival of different components of the signal at different times distorts the shape. Modal dispersion limits the Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth of multimode fibers. For example, a typical step index fiber with a 50 micrometre m core would be limited to approximately 20 MHz for a one kilometer length, in other words, a bandwidth of 20 MHz km. Modal dispersion may be considerably reduced, but never completely eliminated, by the use of a core having a graded refractive index profile. However, multimode graded index fibers having bandwidths exceeding 3.5 GHz km at 850 nm are now commonly manufactured for use in 10 Gbit s data links. Modal dispersion should not be confused with chromatic dispersion , a distortion that results due to the differences in propagation velocity of different wavelengths of light. Modal dispersion occurs even with an ideal, monochromatic light source. A special case of modal dispersion is polarization mode dispersion PMD , a fiber dispersion ... more details
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