The term process model is used in various contexts. For example, in business process modeling the enterprise ... level for processes ref name Rolland1993 Colette Rolland 1993 . Modeling the Requirements Engineering ... purposes. Purpose From a theoretical point of view, the meta process modeling explains the key .... From an operational point of view, the meta process modeling is aimed at providing guidance ... modeling a business process usually predicates a need to change processes or identify issues to be corrected ... to reality every day. Supporting technologies include Unified Modeling Language UML , model driven architecture , and service oriented architecture . Process modeling addresses the process aspects .... Process modeling has always been a key aspect of business process reengineering , and continuous ... to elaborate quality of modeling techniques as an important essence in quality of process models. In most existing framework created for understanding the quality, the line between quality of modeling ... drawn. This report will concentrate both on quality of process modeling techniques and quality ... quality of process modeling techniques, one example is Quality based modeling evaluation ... one or different model types using one modeling techniques ref name hommes BJ Hommes, V Van Reijswoud, Assessing the Quality of Business Process Modeling Techniques Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii ... quality and the process quality of modeling techniques with regard to a set of properties that have been defined before. Quality properties that relate to business process modeling techniques discussed in ref name hommes are Expressiveness the degree to which a given modeling technique is able ... one has when modeling one and the same domain Suitability the degree to which a given modeling ... with which the way of working and way of modeling are understood by participants. Coherence the degree to which the individual sub models of a way of modeling constitute a whole. Completeness the degree ... more details
Multiple issues wikify February 2012 orphan September 2008 cleanup January 2008 The purpose of electromechanical modeling is to model and simulate an electro mechanical system , such that its physical parameters can be examined before the actual system is built. Software http www.femm.info wiki HomePage http www.abelian.demon.co.uk tssp http www.ansoft.com products em max3d http www.xmds.org Books cite book author Dean C. Karnopp , Donald L. Margolis, Ronald C. Rosenberg title System Dynamics Modeling and Simulation of Mechatronic Systems publisher Wiley Interscience year 1999 isbn 0 471 33301 8 cite book author Sergey Edward Lyshevski title Electromechanical Systems, Electric Machines, and Applied Mechatronics publisher CRC year 1999 isbn 0 8493 2275 8 See also Electromechanics Mechatronics Category Electro mechanical engineering Category Mechanics Category Electrodynamics Tech stub ... more details
Geometric modeling is a branch of applied mathematics and computational geometry that studies methods and algorithms for the mathematical description of shapes. The shapes studied in geometric modeling are mostly two or three dimension al, although many of its tools and principles can be applied to sets of any finite dimension. Today most geometric modeling is done with computers and for computer based applications. 2D geometric model Two dimensional model s are important in computer typography and technical drawing . 3D geometric model Three dimensional model s are central to computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing manufacturing CAD CAM , and widely used in many applied technical fields such as civil engineering civil and mechanical engineering , architecture , geologic modeling geology and medical image processing . ref Farin, G. A History of Curves and Surfaces in CAGD, http books.google.com books?id 0SV5G8fgxLoC&printsec frontcover&dq Computer Aided GEOMETRIC DESIGN&source gbs summary s&cad 0 Handbook of Computer Aided Geometric Design ref Geometric models are usually distinguished from procedural model procedural and object oriented model s, which define the shape implicitly by an opaque algorithm that generates its appearance. They are also contrasted with digital image s and volumetric model s which represent the shape as a subset of a fine regular partition of space and with fractal models that give an infinitely recursive definition of the shape. However, these distinctions are often blurred for instance, a digital image can be interpreted as a collection of color ed square geometry square s and geometric shapes such as circle s are defined by implicit mathematical equations. Also, a fractal model yields a parametric or implicit model when its recursive ... software Computer aided manufacturing Computer aided engineering Solid modeling Computational ... Geometric Modeling and Industrial Geometry http demonstrations.wolfram.com topic.html?topic 3D Graphics&limit ... more details
Dimensional modeling DM is the name of a set of techniques and concepts used in data warehouse design. It is considered to be different from entity relationship model ing ER . Dimensional Modeling does not necessarily involve a relational database. The same modeling approach, at the logical level, can be used for any physical form, such as multidimensional database or even flat files. According to data warehousing consultant Ralph Kimball , ref Kimball 1997. ref DM is a design technique for databases intended to support end user queries in a data warehouse. It is oriented around understandability and performance. According to him, although transaction oriented ER is very useful for the Transaction processing transaction capture , it should be avoided for end user delivery. Dimensional modeling always uses the concepts of facts measures , and dimensions context . Facts are typically but not always numeric values that can be aggregated, and dimensions are groups of hierarchies and descriptors .... The term conformed dimensions was originated by Ralph Kimball . Dimensional modeling process ref name ... The process of dimensional modeling builds on a 4 step design method that helps to ensure the usability ... text or use basic Business Process Modeling Notation BPMN or other design guides like the Unified Modeling Language Unified Modeling Language UML . DECLARING THE GRAIN After describing the Business ... because both the customer and supplier dimensions use it. Benefits of dimensional modeling Benefits of the dimensional modeling are following ref name refname5 Understandability Compared to the normalized ... title A Dimensional Modeling Manifesto year 1997 volume 10 issue 9 author Ralph Kimball url http ... Modeling edition Second date April 26, 2002 publisher Wiley ISBN 0 471 20024 7 ref ref name ... Wiley ISBN 978 0 470 14977 9 ref Data warehouse DEFAULTSORT Dimensional Modeling Category Data warehousing Category Data modeling no Dimensjonsmodellering pt Modelagem dimensional ... more details
into small, realizable goals Deals with conflicts goal modeling can identify and help to resolve tradeoffs between cost, performance, flexibility, security and other goals. Goal modeling can also reveal divergent interests between stakeholders. Goal modeling can identify conflicts because ... Unified Modeling Language UML Use Case diagram ref Fowler, 2004. Pages 99 105 ref Goal modeling in i main i The i goal modeling notation provides two kinds of diagram ref name i cite web url http www.cs.toronto.edu ... goals can be modeled as soft goals in i they are diagrammed as clouds or indented ovals. Goal modeling in KAOS main KAOS software development The KAOS goal modeling notation provides a way of defining ... Goal modeling in UML main Use case diagram UML s Use case diagram provides a simple goal modeling notation ... Social Modeling for Requirements Engineering . MIT Press, 2011. References reflist External links ... Modeling A Case Study John Krogstie Category Enterprise modelling Category Software requirements ... more details
cat modeling to assess the risk in a portfolio of exposures. This might help guide an insurer s underwriting ... use cat modeling in the pricing and structuring of catastrophe bond . Demand surge Some cat models ... catastrophe modeling Recently, an effort to create and disseminate open multi hazard cat risk modelling ... for Global Open Risk Analysis AGORA Computer modeling Category Actuarial science Category Disaster management tools Category Risk Category Scientific modeling ... more details
orphan date October 2009 Workforce Modeling is the process by which the need for skilled workers at a particular point in time demand is matched directly with the availability and preference of skilled workers supply . The resulting mathematical models may be used to perform sensitivity analysis and generate data output in the form of reports and schedules. Due to the complexity level of building a Workforce Model, adoption of a Workforce Model is usually found in industries that have complex work rules, skilled or certified workers, medium to large teams of workers and fluctuating demand. Some examples include Healthcare Public Safety Retail A Workforce Modeling solution can also refer to software that effectively captures all the complexity of the Workforce Modeling process from start to finish and delivers complete and correct results. Components include Demand Management tracking the demand for skilled workers by small units of time generally 15 or 30 minutes Employee Availability tracking of contractual work hour obligations and limits on an individual basis for each employee Employee Preference tracking of preferred times and dates that employees wish to work used to help increase job satisfaction Workflow Management ability for the solution to automate normally manual processes such as requesting and approving time off, requesting shift swaps, and generating and posting schedules ... and optimization, Workforce Modeling , in a holistic approach, also incorporates the forecast of the workload ... the entire process. Workforce Modeling solutions can, and should, be deployed enterprise wide wherever ... as closely as possible to the actual requirement. At the same time, a Workforce Modeling solution ... employees including work life balance guidelines. Complexity of Model Many Workforce Modeling solution ... 7.6 2004 441 99. Print. ref Using this technique, many more solutions are available to the modeling ... Further reading Sterman JD. Business Dynamics Systems Thinking and Modeling For a Complex World. Boston ... more details
Homology modeling , also known as comparative modeling of protein, refers to constructing an atomic resolution ... three dimensional structure of a related homologous protein the template . Homology modeling relies ... R, Melo F, Sali A. 2000 . Comparative protein structure modeling of genes and genomes. Annu Rev Biophys ... that were constructed without a template, usually by loop modeling , are generally much less accurate ... protein or nucleic acid. Homology modeling can produce high quality structural models when the target .... Nat Struct Biol 7 S1 11s 953. ref The chief inaccuracies in homology modeling, which worsen with lower ... selection. ref name Venclovas Venclovas C, Margelevi ius M. 2005 . Comparative modeling in CASP6 ... modeling is assessed in a biannual large scale experiment known as the Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction, or CASP . Motive The method of homology modeling is based ... such as X ray crystallography and protein NMR for every protein of interest, homology modeling can ... production The homology modeling procedure can be broken down into four sequential steps template selection ... Marti Template selection and sequence alignment The critical first step in homology modeling is the identification ... modeling methods. ref name Marti When performing a BLAST search, a reliable first approach is to identify ... pmid 18436442 pmc 2680823 ref Fragment assembly The original method of homology modeling ... identified in closely related solved structures. For example, a modeling study of serine protease ... Wallner B, Elofsson A. 2005 . All are not equal A benchmark of different homology modeling programs ... modeling of protein conformation by automatic segment matching. J Mol Biol 226 2 507 33. ref Satisfaction of spatial restraints The most common current homology modeling method takes its inspiration ... 234 3 779 815. ref This method had been dramatically expanded to apply specifically to loop modeling .... ref name Fiser Fiser A, Sali A. 2003 . ModLoop automated modeling of loops in protein structures ... more details
ft thick space, 8,500ft underground. In the oil and gas industry, reservoir modeling involves the construction ... reservoir characterization is sometimes used to refer to reservoir modeling activities up to the point .... An Introduction to Reservoir Modeling 2007 , ISBN 978 1906 92807 0. Category Economic geology Category Scientific modeling geology stub ... more details
refimprove date August 2009 A modeling agency is a company that represents model person fashion models , to work for the fashion industry. These agencies earn their income via commission, usually from the deal they make with the model and or the head agency. The top agencies work with big budget advertising agencies and fashion designer s. They invest money into developing their talent so they can ... on modeling and not on the business end. Because modeling is a very competitive, fast moving business ... Modeling agencies use booking departments to keep track of which clients hire which models. The agency ..., do lunches, do cold call s and turn over stones to find available modeling gigs. Contractual agreements ... due to each country s law and taxes. Other contracts offered by modeling agencies are the mother agency ... five to ten years. Mandatory height requirements High fashion modeling agencies contract with a diverse ... physical condition that is appropriate for their height. Auditions and open calls Modeling ... brought in by its agents and changes throughout the year. To this end, modeling agencies advertise .... ref cite book title Break into Modeling for Under 20 publisher St. Martin s, 2008, pp. 121 122 ... s have many opportunities to prey on new, unsuspecting models. A legitimate modeling agency should ... over unnecessary rights. Examples An example of a modeling scam is when an agency claims to have work but really what they are doing is trying to sell photoshoots and modeling courses to aspiring ... news modeling investigation 67302242.html highly publicized scam was exposed in 2009 , when a Louisville based male modeling agency called http www.models today.com Models Today, LLC, owned by a convicted ... news iteam WHAS11 Investigation Modeling agency 72010757.html ref ref Models Today and Claxon exposed by WHAS 11 News Part 2 http www.whas11.com news modeling investigation 67302242.html ref ref ... the http chicago.bbb.org article be both brainy and beautiful E2 80 94dont be taken advantage by modeling ... more details
About computer modeling within an artistic medium scientific usage Computer simulation refimprove date April 2010 3D computer graphics In 3D computer graphics , 3D modeling is the process of developing ... 3D printing devices. Models may be created automatically or manually. The manual modeling process ... modeling , or 3D scanner scanned . 3D models are widely used anywhere in 3D computer graphics ... In 3D modeling there are recurring concepts which usually appear as abbreviations. Here are some of the most ... bmatrix sp x sp y sp z 1 end bmatrix . math Modeling Process Image Polygon face.jpg thumb upright 1 3D polygonal modeling of a human face. There are Three popular ways to represent a model Polygonal modeling Points in 3D space, called vertices, are connected by line segments to form a polygonal ... approximate curved surfaces using many polygons. Curve modeling Surfaces are defined by curves, which ... Still a fairly new method of modeling, 3D sculpting has become very popular in the few short .... The modeling stage consists of shaping individual objects that are later used in the scene. There are a number of modeling techniques, including constructive solid geometry implicit surface s subdivision surface s Modeling can be performed by means of a dedicated program e.g., Form Z form Z , Maya ... modeling is just part of the scene creation process this is the case, for example, with Caligari ... lit rendering of a 3D model. 3D photorealistic effects are often achieved without wireframe modeling ... of wireframe 3D modeling over exclusively 2D methods include Flexibility, ability to change angles ... rendering filters included in the 3D modeling software. For the best of both worlds, some artists use a combination of 3D modeling followed by editing the 2D computer rendered images from the 3D model ... also colbegin 2 3CT List of 3D modeling software List of common 3D test models 3D computer graphics software 3D scanner Additive Manufacturing File Format Cloth modeling Computer facial animation ... more details
In 3D computer graphics , polygonal modeling is an approach for modeling objects by representing or approximating their surface s using polygon s. Polygonal modeling is well suited to scanline rendering and is therefore the method of choice for real time computer graphics . Alternate methods of representing 3D objects include NURBS surfaces, subdivision surface s, and equation based representations used in Ray tracing graphics ray tracers . See polygon mesh for a description of how polygonal models are represented and stored. Geometric theory and polygons The basic object used in mesh modeling is a vertex geometry vertex , a point in three dimensional space. Two vertices connected by a straight line become an edge graph theory edge . Three vertices, connected to the each other by three edges, define a triangle , which is the simplest polygon in Euclidean space . More complex polygons can be created out of multiple triangles, or as a single object with more than 3 vertices. Four sided polygons generally referred to as quads and triangles are the most common shapes used in polygonal modeling. A group of polygons, connected to each other by shared vertices, is generally referred to as an element ... s desires. Many modeling program s do not strictly enforce geometric theory for example, it is possible ... of constructing meshes is box modeling , which uses two simple tools The subdivide tool splits ... modeling method is sometimes referred to as inflation modeling or extrusion modeling . In this method ... various primitives , which are predefined polygonal meshes created by the modeling environment ... methods of constructing high or low detail meshes exist. Sketch based modeling is a user friendly ... of the modeling environment, it is necessary to store that model in one of the file format s listed ... method Polygon mesh Vector graphics Geometry processing 3D modeling References OpenGL SuperBible ... eng index.shtml DEFAULTSORT Polygonal Modeling Category 3D computer graphics bs Poligon rendering ... more details
Turbulence modeling is the construction and use of a mathematical model model to predict the effects of turbulence . Averaging is often used to simplify the solution of the governing equations of turbulence, but models are needed to represent scales of the flow that are not resolved. ref citation url http books.google.co.uk books?id HSCUGJ1n8tgC title Fundamentals of turbulence modeling author Ching Jen Chen, Shenq Yuh Jaw publisher Taylor & Francis year 1998 ref Closure problem A closure problem arises in the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes equations RANS equation because of the non linear term math overline upsilon i prime upsilon j prime math from the convective acceleration, known as the Reynolds stress , math R ij overline upsilon i prime upsilon j prime math Closing the RANS equation requires modeling the Reynold s stress math R ij math . Eddy viscosity Joseph Boussinesq was the first practitioner of this i.e. modeling the Reynold s stress , introducing the concept of Viscosity eddy viscosity . In 1887 Boussinesq proposed relating the turbulence stresses to the mean flow to close the system of equations. Here the Boussinesq hypothesis is applied to model the Reynolds stress term. Note that a new proportionality constant math nu t 0 math , the turbulence eddy viscosity, has been introduced. Models of this type are known as eddy viscosity models or EVM s. math overline upsilon i prime upsilon j prime nu t left frac partial bar upsilon i partial x j frac partial bar upsilon j partial x i right frac 2 3 left K nu t frac partial bar upsilon k partial x k right delta ij math Which can be written in shorthand as math overline upsilon i prime upsilon j prime 2 nu tS ij frac 2 3 K delta ij math where math S ij math is the Reynolds averaged Navier ... url http books.google.co.uk books?id edy vDzifvAC&pg PA6 title Advances in Hypersonics Modeling hypersonic ... Special Booksources&isbn 0963605100 Wilcox C. D., 1998 , Turbulence Modeling for CFD 2nd Ed., DCW ... more details
unreferenced date September 2008 Web modeling aka model driven Web development is a branch of Web engineering which addresses the specific issues related to design and development of large scale Web application s. In particular, it focuses on the design notations and visual languages that can be used for the realization of robust, well structured, usable and maintainable Web applications. Designing a data intensive Web site amounts to specifying its characteristics in terms of various orthogonal abstractions. The main orthogonal models that are involved in complex Web application design are data structure, content composition, navigation paths, and presentation model. In the beginning of Web development, it was normal to accessed Web applications by creating something with no attention to the developmental stage. In the past years, companies had many issues with managing their Web sites as the developmental process grew and complicated other applications. Web development tools have helped with simplifying data intensive Web applications by using page generators. Microsoft s Active Server Pages and JavaSoft s Java Server Pages have helped by bringing out content and using user programmed templates. Several languages and notations have been devised for Web application modeling. Among them, we can cite HDM W2000 RMM OOHDM ARANEUS STRUDEL TIRAMISU WebML Hera UML Web Application Extension UML based Web Engineering UWE ACE WebArchitect OO H One of the main discussion venues for this discipline is the http mdwe2011.pst.ifi.lmu.de Model Driven Web Engineering Workshop MDWE held yearly in conjunction with the http icwe2011.webengineering.org International Conference on Web Engineering ICWE conference. Category Web design pt Modelagem web comm design stub ... more details
Cardboard modeling is a form of Model building modelling with paper , card stock , paperboard , and corrugated fiberboard . ref Cardboard Engineering, with Scissors and Paste by GH Deason. Model Aeronautical Press 1958 ref The term cardboard engineering is sometimes used to differentiate from craft of making Greeting card decorative cards . It is often referred to as paper model ling although in practice card is generally used. History Originally this was a form of modelling undertaken because of the low cost involved. Card, a means of cutting and glue are all that is needed. Some models are 100 card, while others use items of other materials to reinforce the model. After World War II cardboard models were promoted by a number of model companies. One company, ERG Bournemouth Ltd. produced a book ref Cardboard Rolling Stock and How to Build It by E Rankine Gray ref Books of printed model building model s to cut out and make have been around a long time. Also special printed cards were available from which models could be made. In the UK Micromodels were well known for very small card models. Models to cut out were also a feature of paperboard folding carton s. For many years Weetabix had models to cut out on their breakfast cereal packets. The hobby has been revived through the use of IT based printer computing printers , especially the ink jet and Laser printer laser colour printers . Using a vector graphics package it is possible anyone to create their own models from scratch. Pre printed models may be downloaded from the internet. A web ring ref cite web url http i.webring.com hub?ring papermodelwebrin title The Paper Model WebRing Paper Model,Papercraft,Free Models, Free Paper Models, Free Papercraft, Free Paper Craft, Paper Craft publisher I.webring.com date accessdate 2009 07 30 ref lists some of these while others offer a range of models from the simple to the complex. See also Net polyhedron Net Paper model References reflist design stub Category Scale modeling ... more details
Financial modeling is the task of building an abstraction abstract representation a mathematical model .... Financial modeling is a general term that means different things to different users the reference ... modeling whether it is a tradecraft , such as welding, or a science the task of financial modeling ... and the accounting profession financial modeling is largely synonymous with cash flow forecast ing ... in finance MSF with optional coursework in financial modeling . cn date November 2011 Accounting ... and Chartered Financial Analyst CFA generally do not provide direct or explicit training in modeling ... modeling entails the development of a sophisticated mathematical model . cn date November 2011 ... Interest rate derivative s and Exotic derivatives Modeling the term structure of interest rate ... options Risk modeling and Value at risk . These problems are often stochastic and continuous in nature ... go further and question whether mathematical modeling mathematical and statistical modeling may ... a Gaussian distribution . Modeling the changes by distributions with finite variance is now known ... planning Model audit Modeling and analysis of financial markets Financial models with long tailed ..., Simon title Financial Modeling publisher MIT Press location Cambridge, MA year 1997 isbn 0 585 ... Frank J. coauthors Sergio M. Focardi, Petter N. Kolm title Financial Modeling of the Equity Market ... The Oxford Guide to Financial Modeling publisher Oxford University Press location New York year 2004 ... Financial Modeling Under Non Gaussian Distributions publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer ... Modeling and Analysis A Spreadsheet Technique for Financial, Investment, and Risk Management, 2nd ..., Hercules title Financial Modeling publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer location ... Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group http www.fast standard.org document FAST01a.pdf FAST Modeling Standard ... Risks in Spreadsheets A useful article on how to avoid common spreadsheet modeling errors http ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced August 2011 wikify August 2011 orphan December 2011 With the explicit modeling , designers quickly and easily create 3D CAD designs, which they then modify through direct, on the fly interactions with the model geometry. Advantages The explicit approach is flexible and easy to use, so it s ideal for companies that create one off or highly customized products products that simply don t require all the extra effort of up front planning and the embedding of information within models. With an explicit approach to 3D design, the interaction is with the model geometry and not with an intricate sequence of design features. That makes initial training on the software easier. But it also means designers working with an explicit 3D CAD system can easily pick up a design where others left off much like anyone can open up and immediately continue working on a Microsoft Word document. Thus explicit modeling appeals to a variety of audiences companies with flexible staff infrequent users of 3D CAD and anyone who is concurrently involved in a large number of design projects. Use in repurposing When designers repurpose a model, they take an existing 3D CAD design and radically transform it by cutting copying pasting geometry to derive a new model that has no relationship to the original model. With an explicit approach, companies have demonstrated accelerated product development by repurposing existing designs into new and completely different products. This unique characteristic of an explicit approach can shave weeks or even months from project schedules. Even with direct modeling capabilities, the parametric approach is still designed to leverage embedded product information. The explicit approach, on the other hand, intentionally limits the amount of information captured as part of the model definition in order to provide a genuinely lightweight and flexible ... other 3D design approaches, including hybrids, explicit modeling can offer true flexibility because ... more details
Knowledge modeling is a process of creating a computer interpretable model of knowledge or standard specifications about a kind of process and or about a kind of facility or product. The resulting knowledge model can only be computer interpretable when it is expressed in some knowledge representation language or data structure that enables the knowledge to be interpreted by software and to be stored in a database or data exchange file. br Knowledge based engineering or knowledge aided design is a process of computer aided usage of such knowledge models for the design of products, facilities or processes. The design of products or facilities then uses the knowledge model to guide the creation of the facility or product that need to be designed. In other words it used knowledge about a kind of object to create a product model of an imaginary individual object. Similarly, the design of a particular process implies the creation of a process model, which design activity can be guided by the knowledge that is contained in a knowledge model about such a kind of process. The resulting process model, product model or facility model is typically also stored in a database. Usually the knowledge representation language only allows to represent knowledge about kinds of things , whereas another language or data structure is required to represent and store the information models about individual things. If the knowledge representation language enables to express both, then the knowledge model and the information model can be expressed in the same language or data structure . An example of a language that enables the expression of knowledge as well as information about individual things is Gellish ... of a heater etc. Explicitation of document content Knowledge modeling includes the explicitation ... January 2011 Further reading http www.makhfi.com KCM intro.htm Introduction to Knowledge Modeling ... and Instruments for Modeling Integrated Knowledge by Olivier Glassey DEFAULTSORT Knowledge Modeling ... more details
Metadata modeling is a type of metamodeling used in software engineering and systems engineering for the analysis and construction of models applicable and useful some predefined class of problems. Meta modeling is the analysis, construction and development of the frames, rules, constraints, models and theories applicable and useful for the modeling in a predefined class of problems. The meta data side of the diagram consists of a concept diagram. This is basically an adjusted class diagram as described in Booch, Rumbaugh and Jacobson 1999 . Important notions are concept, generalization, association, multiplicity and aggregation. Metadatamodeling Concepts Image Mm31.gif thumb Fig.1 STANDARD, OPEN and CLOSED CONCEPTS Image Mm32.gif thumb Fig.2 Example of STANDARD, OPEN and CLOSED CONCEPTS First of all, a concept is a simple version of a UML class. The class definition ref Booch, Rumbaugh and Jacobson 1999 ref is adopted to define a concept, namely a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, relations, and semantics. The following concept types are specified STANDARD CONCEPT a concept that contains no further sub concepts. A standard concept is visualized with a rectangle. COMPLEX CONCEPT a concept that consists of a collection of sub concepts. Complex concepts are divided into OPEN CONCEPT a complex concept whose sub concepts are expanded. An open concept is visualized with two white rectangles above each other. CLOSED CONCEPT a complex concept whose sub concepts are not expanded since it is not relevant in the specific context. A closed concept is visualized by a white rectangle above a black rectangle. In Figure 1 the three concept types that are used in the modeling ... of CONCEPT B See also Metadata Metadata standards Metamodeling Unified Modeling Language UML References reflist Further reading Grady Booch , James Rumbaugh and Ivar Jacobson 1999 . The Unified Modeling ... Unified Modeling Language ... more details
NOTOC linguistics Analogical modeling hereafter AM is a formal theory of exemplar based analogical reasoning, proposed by Royal Skousen , professor of Linguistics and English language at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah . It is applicable to language modeling and other categorization tasks. Analogical modeling is related to connectionism and Nearest neighbor pattern recognition nearest neighbor ... predictions on all relevant segments of the dataset, whether near or far. In language modeling ... modeling engine and a problem specific dataset. Within the dataset, each exemplar a case to be reasoned ... modeling system from another. In AM, we think of the feature values as characterizing a context .... Analogical modeling in detail AM performs the same process for each case it is asked to evaluate. The given ... so File Analogical modeling pointer network example.GIF 300px Pointer network for example problem ... the same. Analogical modeling does not consider this situation, however, for 2 reasons Determining ... free, which makes AM better for modeling human reasoning. It is an extremely rare situation ... modeling has been employed in experiments ranging from phonology and morphology linguistics to orthography and syntax . Problems Though analogical modeling aims to create a model free from rules seen ... power requirements of the computer software used to implement analogical modeling. Recent ... Skousen et al. 2002, see pp 45 47 . References cite book title Analogical Modeling of Language author ... Modeling of Language journal Computational Linguistics month June year 1991 volume 17 issue 2 pages ... book title Analogical Modeling An exemplar based approach to language editor Royal Skousen, Deryle ..., Royal. 2003 . http humanities.byu.edu am bls paper3.pdf Analogical Modeling Exemplars, Rules, and Quantum ... humanities.byu.edu am Analogical Modeling Research Group Homepage http linguistlist.org issues 14 14 110.html LINGUIST List Announcement of Analogical Modeling , Skousen et al. 2002 Category Classification ... more details
User modeling is a subdivision of human computer interaction and describes the process of building up and modifying a user model. The main goal of user modeling is customization and Adaptation computer science adaptation of systems to the user s specific needs. The system needs to say the right thing at the right time in the right way . ref name Fischer Citation last1 Fischer first1 Gerhard title User Modeling in Human Computer Interaction journal User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction 11 pages 65 68 year 2001 ref To do so it needs an internal representation of the user. Another common purpose is modeling specific kinds of users, including modeling of their skills and declarative knowledge, for use in automatic software tests. ref name JohnsonTaatgen Citation last1 Johnson first1 Addie last2 Taatgen first2 Niels chapter User Modeling title Handbook of human factors in Web design pages 424 439 publisher Lawrence Erlbaum Associates year 2005 ref User models can thus serve as a cheaper alternative to user testing . User Model A user model represents a collection of personal data associated with a specific user. Therefore, it is the basis for any adaptive changes to the system s behavior. Which data is included in the model depends on the purpose of the application. It can include personal information such as users names and ages, their interests, their skills and knowledge, their goals and plans, their preferences and their dislikes or data about their behavior and their interactions with the system. There are different design patterns for user models, though often a mixture of them is used. ref name JohnsonTaatgen ref Citation last1 Hothi first1 Jatinder last2 Hall first2 ... user modeling allows the system to hold an internal representation of a specific user, different types of users can be simulated by artificially modeling them. Common types are experts or novices on the scope ... Identity management References references External references http www.umuai.org User Modeling and User ... more details
Cloth modeling is the term used for simulating cloth within a computer program usually in the context of 3D computer graphics . The main approaches used for this may be classified into three basic types geometric, physical, and particle energy. Background Most models of cloth are based on particles of mass connected together in some manner of mesh. Newtonian Physics is used to model each particle through the use of a black box called a physics engine . This involves using the basic law of motion Newton s Second Law math vec F m vec a math In all of these models, the goal is to find the position and shape of a piece of fabric using this basic equation and several other methods. Geometric methods Weil pioneered the first of these, the geometric technique, in 1986. ref name tutorial http www.webcitation.org query?url http www.geocities.com SiliconValley Heights 5445 cloth.html&date 2009 10 25 09 48 40 Tutorial on Cloth Modeling ref His work was focused on approximating the look of cloth by treating cloth like a collection of cables and using Hyperbolic cosine catenary curves. Because of this, it is not suitable for dynamic models but works very well for stationary or single frame renders ref name tutorial . This technique creates an underlying shape out of single points then, it parses through each set of three of these points and maps a catenary curve to the set. It then takes the lowest out of each overlapping set and uses it for the render. Physical methods The second technique treats cloth like a grid work of particles connected to each other by springs. Whereas the geometric approach accounted for none of the inherent stretch of a woven material, this physical model accounts for stretch tension , stiffness, and weight math E Particle i,j k s E s,i,j k b E b,i,j k g E g,i,j math s terms are elasticity by Hooke s Law b terms are bending g terms are gravity see standard ... dynamics References http davis.wpi.edu matt courses cloth Cloth Modeling Notes references Category ... more details
the latent heat stored in the vapor is released through condensation . Approaches to fire modeling ... coupled atmosphere fire modeling. International Journal of Wildland Fire , 14 1 49 59, 2005. http ... fuels by direct numerical simulation DNS at scales relevant for atmospheric modeling does not exist ... use The limitations on fire modeling are not entirely computational. At this level, the models encounter ... constraints must be used to steer model development. See also Catastrophe modeling Extreme value ... coen files newpage f.html Coupled Weather Wildfire Modeling Basic aspects of wildfire behavior http www.mmm.ucar.edu people coen files newpage m.html Coupled Weather Wildfire Modeling Wildfire Case ... www2.for.nau.edu courses pzf FireEcolMgt McKenzie ConBio2004.pdf format PDF Computer modeling Atmospheric ... Category Mathematical modeling Category Numerical climate and weather models Category ... more details
Plasma Modeling refers to solving equations of motion that describe the state of a plasma physics plasma . It is generally coupled with Maxwell s Equations for electromagnetic field s or Poisson s Equation for electrostatic fields . There are several main types of plasma models single particle, kinetic, fluid, hybrid kinetic fluid, gyrokinetic and as system of many particles. Single Particle Description The single particle model describes the plasma as individual electrons and ions moving in imposed rather than self consistent electric and magnetic fields. The motion of each particle is thus described by the Lorentz Force Law . In many cases of practical interest, this motion can be treated as the superposition of a relatively fast circular motion around a point called the guiding center and a relatively slow drift of this point. Kinetic Description The kinetic model is the most fundamental way to describe a plasma, resultantly producing a distribution function math f vec x , vec v ,t math where the independent variables math vec x math and math vec v math are position vector position and velocity , respectively. A kinetic description is achieved by solving the Boltzmann equation or, when the correct description of long range Coulomb s law Coulomb interaction is necessary, by the Vlasov equation which contains self consistent collective electromagnetic field, or by the Fokker Planck equation , in which approximations have been used to derive manageable collision terms. The charges and currents produced by the distribution functions self consistently determine the electromagnetic fields via Maxwell s equations . Fluid Description To reduce the complexities in the kinetic description, the fluid model describes the plasma based on macroscopic quantities velocity moments of the distribution such as density, mean velocity, and mean energy . The equations for macroscopic quantities ... Physics publisher San Francisco Press year 1986 isbn 0911302581 DEFAULTSORT Plasma Modeling Category ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 Introduction Conceptual modeling is the activity of formally describing some ... can be traced to improper execution of the fundamental objectives of conceptual modeling. The importance of conceptual modeling is evident when such systemic failures are mitigated by thorough system ... center Techniques As systems have become increasingly complex, the role of conceptual modeling has dramatically expanded. With that expanded presence, the effectiveness of conceptual modeling ... conceptual modeling techniques have been created. These techniques can be applied across multiple .... Some commonly used conceptual modeling techniques and methods include Workflow Workflow Modeling , Workforce modeling Workforce Modeling , Rapid application development Rapid Application Development , Object Role Modeling Object Role Modeling , and Unified Modeling Language Unified Modeling Language UML . Data Flow Modeling Data flow modeling DFM is a basic conceptual modeling technique that graphically ... modeling techniques, it is possible to construct higher and lower level representative diagrams .... Data flow modeling is a central technique used in systems development that utilizes the Structured ... Relationship Modeling Entity relationship model Entity relationship modeling ERM is a conceptual modeling technique used primarily for software system representation. Entity relationship diagrams ... exist for this technique IDEF1X , Bachman diagram Bachman , and EXPRESS data modeling language ... event driven process chain EPC is a conceptual modeling technique which is mainly used to systematically improve business process flows. Like most conceptual modeling techniques, the event driven ... net Petri Nets , this conceptual modeling technique allows a system to be constructed with elements ... execution properties and well defined mathematical theory, is a useful technique for modeling concurrency concurrent system behavior , i.e. simultaneous process executions. State Transition Modeling ... more details
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