Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin monocytus GraySubject GrayPage Image Monocyte 40x.JPG Caption Monocyte under a light microscope 40x from a peripheral blood film blood smear surrounded by red blood cell s. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Code TerminologiaHistologica 2 00 04.1.02010 Monocytes are a type of white blood cell and are part of the innate immune system of vertebrate s including all mammal s including human s , bird s, reptile s, and fish . Monocytes play multiple roles in immune function. Such roles include 1 replenish resident macrophage s and dendritic cell s under normal states, and 2 in response to inflammation signals, monocytes can move quickly approx. 8 12 hours to sites of infection in the tissues and divide differentiate into macrophages ... thumb Monocyte Monocytes are produced by the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cell precursors ... . Monocyte subpopulations There are at least three types of monocytes in human blood ref Ziegler Heitbrock ... 10.1182 blood 2010 02 258558 PMID 20628149 ref a the classical monocyte is characterized by high level expression of the CD14 cell surface receptor CD14 CD16 monocyte b the non classical monocyte ... monocyte . ref Ziegler Heitbrock, L The CD14 CD16 Blood Monocytes their Role in Infection and Inflammation ... monocyte with high level expression of CD14 and low level expression of CD16 CD14 CD16 monocytes ... including lymphocytes, a monocyte, a neutrophil, and many small disc shaped platelets. A monocyte ... a monocyte count include br chronic inflammation Stress medicine stress response hyperadrenocorticism ... dendritic cells in vitro by adding cytokines like Granulocyte Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ... of white blood cells, comparing monocyte amount shown in green with other cells. See also Agranulocyte ... eu Monozito fa fr Monocyte gl Monocito hak T n fu t Se p u id Monosit it Monocita he ... th tr Monosit uk ur zh simple Monocyte ... more details
unreferenced date February 2010 An Arbiskov cell is a modified monocyte mostly found in myeloblastoma s. Category Mononuclear phagocytes Category Oncology oncology stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 ED1 is a cellular marker specific for activated rat microglia , monocyte s, and macrophage s. It can be immunostained to show the presence of an immunological response in rats. Category Protein stubs Category Proteins protein stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Monocytosis Image Caption ICD10 ICD10 D 72 8 d 70 ICD9 ICD9 288.8 ICDO OMIM DiseasesDB 22713 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic Monocytosis is an increase in the number of monocyte s circulating in the blood. ref DorlandsDict five 000067310 monocytosis ref Monocytes are white blood cells that give rise to macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune system. In humans, 950 L is regarded as at the upper limit of normal monocyte counts above this level are regarded as monocytosis. Citation needed date January 2008 Causes Monocytosis often occurs during chronic inflammation . Diseases that produce this state Infections tuberculosis , brucellosis , listeriosis , endocarditis subacute bacterial endocarditis , syphilis , and other viral infections and many protozoa l and rickettsia l infections e.g. kala azar , malaria , Rocky Mountain spotted fever . Blood and immune causes chronic neutropenia and myeloproliferative disorder s. Autoimmune disease s and vasculitis systemic lupus erythematosus , rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease . Malignancies Hodgkin s disease and certain leukaemia s, such as chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia CMML and monocytic leukemia . Recovery phase of neutropenia or an acute infection. Miscellaneous causes sarcoidosis and lipid storage disease . References reflist Monocyte and granulocyte disease Category Monocyte and granulocyte disorders med sign stub de Monozytose hr Monocitoza it Monocitosi pl Monocytoza ru sq Monocitoza ... more details
MALP may refer to Earth technology in Stargate Mobile Analytic Laboratory Probe M.A.L.P. M.A.L.P. a piece of Earth technology in the Stargate universe Monocyte activating lipopeptide, a molecule expressed by pathogens that interacts with Toll like receptors to mediate an immunological effect disambig ru MALP ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Monoblast.png Caption Monoblast Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Code TerminologiaHistologica 2 00 04.3.08002 Monoblasts are normally found in bone marrow and do not appear in the normal peripheral blood. They mature into monocyte s which, in turn, develop into macrophages . Structure A typical monoblast is about 12 to 20 m in diameter, has a nuclear to cytoplasm ratio of 4 1 to 3 1, and, like most myeloid blasts, has a round to oval nucleus with fine chromatin structure. One to four nucleoli are usually visible. The nucleus can be central or eccentric and it can show evidence of indentation or folding. The cytoplasm is agranular, stains moderately to lightly basophilic, and often has an intensely stained periphery and a prominent perinuclear zone. Maturation The monoblast is the first stage of monocyte macrophage maturation. The developmental stages of the monoblast are CFU GM pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell or hemocytoblast monoblast promonocyte monocyte macrophage . Additional images gallery Image Illu blood cell lineage.jpg Blood cell lineage Image Hematopoiesis human diagram.png Hematopoiesis gallery See also Monocyte Macrophage Agranulocyte White blood cell Blood physiology Category Leukocytes Immunology stub fr Monoblaste nl Monoblast sq Monoblasti ... more details
Image Promonocyte.png thumb Promonocyte A promonocyte or premonocyte is a cell arising from a monoblast and developing into a monocyte . See also Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell Additional images gallery Image Hematopoiesis human diagram.png Hematopoiesis gallery External links eMedicineDictionary Premonocyte http www.mcl.tulane.edu classware pathology Krause Blood MP.html Monocyte Development at tulane.edu http www.academic.marist.edu jzmz HematologyI ImmatureCells20.html Slide at marist.edu OklahomaHistology 75 17 Bone marrow smear http www.hematologyatlas.com maturationseq.htm Maturation Sequence at hematologyatlas.com Promonocyte is in seventh row. Blood physiology Category Blood cells Category Immune system Category Article Feedback 5 cell biology stub pl Promonocyt ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Interferon Consensus Sequence binding protein ICSBP or Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 IRF 8 is a transcription factor that plays critical roles in the regulation of lineage commitment and in myeloid Cell biology cell maturation. The critical role for ICSBP is in the decision for a Common Myeloid Progenitor CMP to Cellular differentiation differentiate into a monocyte precursor cell. DEFAULTSORT Interferon Consensus Sequence Binding Protein Category Transcription factors Genetics stub Immunology stub ... more details
PBB geneid 20293 Chemokine C C motif ligand 12 CCL12 is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that has been described in mice. It is also known as monocyte chemotactic protein 5 MCP 5 and, due to its similarity with the human chemokine CCL2 MCP 1 , sometimes it is called MCP 1 related chemokine . CCL12 specifically attracts eosinophil s, monocyte s and lymphocyte s. ref name jia cite journal author Jia G, Gonzalo J, Lloyd C, Kremer L, Lu L, Martinez A C, Wershil B, Gutierrez Ramos J title Distinct expression and function of the novel mouse chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein 5 in lung allergic inflammation journal J Exp Med volume 184 issue 5 pages 1939 51 year 1996 pmid 8920881 doi 10.1084 jem.184.5.1939 pmc 2192876 ref This chemokine is found predominately in lymph node s and thymus under normal conditions, and its expression can be hugely induced in macrophages. ref name jia ref name sarafi cite journal author Sarafi M, Garcia Zepeda E, MacLean J, Charo I, Luster A title Murine monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP 5 a novel CC chemokine that is a structural and functional homologue of human MCP 1 journal J Exp Med volume 185 issue 1 pages 99 109 year 1997 pmid 8996246 doi 10.1084 jem.185.1.99 pmc 2196097 ref It is thought to coordinate cell movements during early allergic reactions, and immune system immune response to pathogens. The gene for CCL12 is found in a cluster of CC chemokines on mouse chromosome 11. ref name sarafi References Reflist Chemokines Category Cytokines protein stub sr CCL12 ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D010585 Phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction refers to a class of medical conditions where phagocyte s have a diminished ability to fight bacteria l infection. Examples include Hyper IgE syndrome Ch diak Higashi syndrome Chronic granulomatous disease Monocyte and granulocyte disease Category Congenital defects of phagocyte number, function, or both medicine stub ... more details
A Myelomonocyte is a type of cell observed in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia . ref name urlDefinition of myelomonocyte NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms cite web url http www.cancer.gov dictionary ?searchTxt myelomonocyte title Definition of myelomonocyte NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms format work accessdate 2009 01 06 ref It bears a resemblance to both a myelocyte and monocyte . It is derived from CFU GM . References reflist Blood Category Myeloid leukemia ... more details
Ulcerative sarcoidosis is a cutaneous condition affecting roughly 5 of people with sarcoidosis . ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 710 See also Skin lesion References reflist Cutaneous condition stub Sarcoidosis Category Monocyte and macrophage related cutaneous conditions ... more details
Erythrodermic sarcoidosis is a cutaneous condition and very rare form of sarcoidosis . ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 710 See also List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Cutaneous condition stub Sarcoidosis Category Monocyte and macrophage related cutaneous conditions ... more details
Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis is an autosomal dominant or X linked hereditary described on in women. ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 718 See also Non X histiocytosis References reflist Cutaneous condition stub Histiocytosis Category Monocyte and macrophage related cutaneous conditions ... more details
Reticulohistiocytosis is a cutaneous condition of which there are two distinct forms ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 718 9 Reticulohistiocytoma Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis See also Non X histiocytosis References reflist Cutaneous condition stub Histiocytosis Category Monocyte and macrophage related cutaneous conditions ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Disease Name Granulocytosis Image Caption DiseasesDB 8995 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID In medicine , granulocytosis is the presence in peripheral blood of an increased number of granulocyte s, a category of white blood cell s. Often, the word refers to an increased neutrophil granulocyte count, as neutrophils are the main granulocytes. Causes An increase in eosinophil granulocyte is known as eosinophilia . Granulocytosis can be a feature of a number of diseases Infection , especially bacterium bacteria l Malignancy , most notably leukemia it is the main feature of chronic myelogenous leukemia , CML Autoimmune disease Prognostic relations In cardiovascular disease , increased white blood cell counts have been shown to indicate a worse prognosis. See also Agranulocytosis Complete blood count Bandemia Monocyte and granulocyte disease Paraneoplastic syndromes Category Monocyte and granulocyte disorders Med sign stub it Granulocitosi pl Granulocytoza ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Mergefrom PBMC Mononuclear leukocytes discuss Talk Agranulocyte date February 2010 File Monocyte no vacuoles.JPG thumb 250px Monocyte under a light microscope 40x from a peripheral blood film blood smear surrounded by red blood cell s. Agranulocytes are a category of white blood cell s characterised by the absence of Granule cell biology granule s in their cytoplasm . There are two types of agranulocytes Lymphocyte s Monocyte s. Lymphocytes are much more common in the lymphatic system , and include the so called natural killer T cells . The blood has three types of lymphocytes B cells , T cells and natural killer cells NK cells . B cells make antibodies that bind to pathogens to enable their destruction. CD4 helper T cells co ordinate the immune response they are what becomes defective in an HIV infection . CD8 cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells are able to kill cells of the body that are infected by a virus. T cells are crucial to the immune response because they possess a unique memory system which allows them to remember past invaders and prevent disease when a similar invader is encountered again. Monocytes share the vacuum cleaner phagocytosis function of neutrophils , but are much longer lived as they have an additional role they present pieces of pathogens to T cells so that the pathogens may be recognized again and killed, or so that an antibody response may be mounted. Monocytes are also known as macrophages after they migrate from the bloodstream and enter tissue. Other white blood cells which are not agranulocytes are mainly the granulocytes neutrophil s, eosinophils and basophil s. Additional images gallery Image Illu blood cell lineage.jpg Blood cell lineage gallery See also white blood cell Blood Category Leukocytes ar cs Agranulocyt es Agranulocito it Agranulocita kk mk nl Agranulocyt ja pl Agranulocyt pt Agranul cito ru sk Agranulocyt sv Agranulocyte ... more details
protein Name chemokine C C motif ligand 13 caption image width HGNCid 10611 Symbol CCL13 AltSymbols SCYA13, MCP 4, NCC 1, SCYL1, CKb10 EntrezGene 6357 OMIM 601391 RefSeq NM 005408 UniProt Q99616 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 17 Arm q Band 11.2 LocusSupplementaryData Chemokine C C motif ligand 13 CCL13 is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family. Its gene is located on human chromosome 17 within a large cluster of other CC chemokines. ref Garcia Zepeda EA, et al.. Human monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP 4 is a novel CC chemokine with activities on monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils induced in allergic and no allergic inflammation that signals through the CC chemokine receptors CCR 2 and 3. J Immunol. 1996 157 5613 5626 ref ref Naruse et al., A YAC contig of the human CC chemokine genes clustered on chromosome 17q11.2. Genomics. 1996, 34 2 236 40. ref CCL13 induces chemotaxis in monocyte s, eosinophil s, T lymphocyte s, and basophil s by binding cell surface G protein linked chemokine receptor s such as CC chemokine receptors CCR2 CCR2 , CC chemokine receptors CCR3 CCR3 and CC chemokine receptors CCR5 CCR5 . ref Blanpain et al., CCR5 binds multiple CC chemokines MCP 3 acts as a natural antagonist. Blood. 1999, 94 1899 905. ref Activity of this chemokine has been implicated in allergic reactions such as asthma . ref Lamkhioued et al., Monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP 4 expression in the airways of patients with asthma. Induction in epithelial cells and mononuclear cells by proinflammatory cytokines. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000, 162 723 32. ref CCL13 can be induced by the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 and TNF . References references Chemokines Category Cytokines gene 17 stub sr CCL13 ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Monocytopenia Image Caption DiseasesDB 29083 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 288.59 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Monocytopenia is a form of leukopenia associated with a deficiency of monocyte s. The causes of monocytopenia include acute infections, stress, treatment with glucocorticoids, aplastic anemia, hairy cell leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, treatment with myelotoxic drugs and genetic syndromes. ref Cite book last1 first1 title Harrison s principles of internal medicine. date 2005 publisher McGraw Hill location New York isbn 0 07 140235 7 pages 356 ref It has been proposed as a measure to predict neutropenia , ref name pmid10025393 cite journal author Kondo M, Oshita F, Kato Y, Yamada K, Nomura I, Noda K title Early monocytopenia after chemotherapy as a risk factor for neutropenia journal Am. J. Clin. Oncol. volume 22 issue 1 pages 103 5 year 1999 pmid 10025393 doi 10.1097 00000421 199902000 00025 url http meta.wkhealth.com pt pt core template journal lwwgateway media landingpage.htm?issn 0277 3732&volume 22&issue 1&spage 103 ref though some research indicates that it is less effective than lymphopenia . ref name pmid16651243 cite journal author Oguz A, Karadeniz C, Ckitak EC, Cil V title Which one is a risk factor for chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia in childhood solid tumors early lymphopenia or monocytopenia? journal Pediatr Hematol Oncol volume 23 issue 2 pages 143 51 year 2006 pmid 16651243 doi 10.1080 08880010500457673 url http www.informaworld.com openurl?genre article&doi 10.1080 08880010500457673&magic pubmed unused data 1B69BA326FFE69C3F0A8F227DF8201D0 ref References reflist Monocyte and granulocyte disease Category Monocyte and granulocyte disorders medicine stub pl Monocytopenia ru ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Bandemia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 288.66 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Bandemia refers to an excess of band cell s immature white blood cells released by the bone marrow into the blood . The ICD diagnosis code for bandemia is 288.66. ref http www.icd9data.com 2008 Volume1 280 289 288 288.66.htm 2008 ICD 9 CM Volume 1 Diagnosis Codes ref It is a medical sign signifier of infection or sepsis or inflammation . ref http www.tabers.com tabersonline ub view Tabers 74103 5 bandemia Definition in Taber s Medical Dictionary ref Measurement of it can play a role in the approach to appendicitis . ref name pmid18675635 cite journal author Whyte C, Levin T, Harris BH title Early decisions in perforated appendicitis in children lessons from a study of nonoperative management journal J. Pediatr. Surg. volume 43 issue 8 pages 1459 63 year 2008 month August pmid 18675635 doi 10.1016 j.jpedsurg.2007.11.032 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0022 3468 07 00922 0 ref References reflist See also Granulocytosis Monocyte and granulocyte disease Category Histology Category Monocyte and granulocyte disorders developmental biology stub Med sign stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Monocytic leukemia ICD10 ICD10 C 93 c 81 ICD9 ICD9 206 ICDO 9890 3 9894 3 Monocytic leukemia is a type of myeloid leukemia characterized by a dominance of monocyte s in the Bone marrow marrow . When the monocytic cells are predominantly monoblast s, it is subclassified into monoblastic leukemia . Like myeloid leukemia , monocytic leukemia is almost always broken down into acute and chronic acute monocytic leukemia chronic monocytic leukemia Acute monocytic leukemia is far more commonly referenced than the chronic variety. However, the chronic variety is a valid diagnostic entry. ref MeshName Leukemia, Monocytic, Chronic ref ref ICD10 C 93 1 c 81 ref References references Hematological malignancy histology DEFAULTSORT Monocytic Leukemia Category Lymphocytic leukemia neoplasm stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Bone marrow derived macrophage BMDM refers to a white blood cell that is generated in a research laboratory from mammalian bone marrow . Undifferentiated bone marrow cells are cultured in granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor GM CSF for at least five to seven days. GM CSF is a cytokine that directs cell differentiation . These cells are often used in immunology and cell biology research. References http cshprotocols.cshlp.org cgi content full 2008 13 pdb.prot5080 Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages BMM Isolation and Applications Category Immunology Immunology stub ... more details
Monocytopoiesis is the process which leads to the production of monocyte s and, subsequently, macrophage s. It can be induced by macrophage colony stimulating factor . It is a component of myelopoiesis . ref name pmid11141231 cite journal author Santangelo S, Gamelli RL, Shankar R title Myeloid commitment shifts toward monocytopoiesis after thermal injury and sepsis journal Ann. Surg. volume 233 issue 1 pages 97 106 year 2001 month January pmid 11141231 pmc 1421160 doi 10.1097 00000658 200101000 00015 url http meta.wkhealth.com pt pt core template journal lwwgateway media landingpage.htm?issn 0003 4932&volume 233&issue 1&spage 97 ref References Reflist Category Hematopoiesis Blood physiology ... more details
Localized granuloma annulare is a skin condition of unknown cause, tending to affect children and young to middle aged adults, usually appearing on the lateral or dorsal surfaces of the fingers or hands, elbows, dorsal feet, and ankles. ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 703 See also Granuloma annulare Skin lesion References reflist Cutaneous condition stub Cutaneous ketatosis, ulcer, atrophy, and necrobiosis Category Monocyte and macrophage related cutaneous conditions ... more details
Patch type granuloma annulare also known as Macular granuloma annulare is a skin condition of unknown cause, more commonly affecting women between 30 and 70 years of age, characterized by flat or slightly palpable erythematous or red brown skin lesion s. ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 704 See also Granuloma annulare Skin lesion References reflist Cutaneous condition stub Category Monocyte and macrophage related cutaneous conditions ... more details
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