Princely States topics The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy purportedly devised by James Andrew Broun Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie Lord Dalhousie , who was the Governor General for the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. According to the Doctrine, any principality princely state or territory under the direct influence paramountcy of the British East India Company the dominant imperialism imperial power in the Indian subcontinent subcontinent , as a vassal state under the British Subsidiary System, would automatically be annexed if the ruler was either manifestly incompetent or died without a direct heir . ref name keay John Keay Keay, John . India A History . Grove Press Books, distributed by Publishers Group West. United States 2000 ISBN 0 8021 3797 0, p. 433. ref The latter supplanted the long established right of an Indian sovereign without an heir to choose a successor. In addition, the British decided whether potential rulers were competent enough. The doctrine and its application were widely regarded by Indians as illegitimate. At the time of its adoption, the Company had absolute, imperial administrative jurisdiction over many regions spread over the subcontinent. The company took over the princely states of Satara 1848 , Jaipur and Sambalpur 1849 , Nagpur and Jhansi 1854 and Awadh Oudh 1856 and Udaipur using this doctrine. The Company added about four million pounds sterling to its annual revenue by use of this doctrine. ref name wolpert Wolpert, Stanley. A New History of India 3rd ed., 1989 , pp. 226 28. Oxford University Press. ref The British took over Awadh in 1856 with the reason that the ruler was not ruling properly. This led to a revolution. With the increasing power of the East India Company, discontent simmered amongst many sections of Indian society and the largely indigenous armed forces these rallied behind the deposed dynasties during the Indian rebellion of 1857 also known as the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 . Following t ... more details
Location map South Africa label Xesibeland lon dir E lat dir S lat deg 30 lat min 48 lon deg 29 lon min 22 position left width 300 float right mark Cercle rouge 100 .svg marksize 20 caption Location of Xesibeland Xesibeland AmaXesibe was a region in South Africa lying between Griqualand East and Pondoland in the area around Mount Ayliff . Xesibeland was the traditional region of the Xesibe people, one of the Xhosa people groups. History Xesibeland had been formerly part of Pondoland. On 20 October 1886 armed Pondo people invaded Xesibeland, burning kraal s and causing much disorder. ref http www.ebooksread.com authors eng charles eugene little cyclopedia of classified dates with an exhaustive index by charles e little hci page 186 cyclopedia of classified dates with an exhaustive index by charles e little hci.shtml Charles Eugene Little. Cyclopedia of classified dates ref They resented the loss of Xesibeland, an area that was not so crowded as other parts of Pondoland and thus could have supported a greater population. About 10,000 more Pondos concentrated on the border after the invasion, but order was restored in December that same year. At that time the leader of the Pondos was Umquieka. ref http www.paperspast.natlib.govt.nz cgi bin paperspast?a d&d FS18861030.2.11&cl CL1.FS&e 10 PubMetaTS 1 byDA 2 22Thomas Smith Duncan 22 Feilding Star, Volume VIII, Issue 60, 30 October 1886, Page 2 ref Xesibeland was annexed by the United Kingdom British to Cape Colony in 1886. ref http www.ebooksread.com authors eng george campbell the british empire pma page 11 the british empire pma.shtml George Campbell. The British empire ref References reflist External links http trove.nla.gov.au ndp del page 277719 The Argus Melbourne , 29 October 1886 The disturbance in Xesibeland http www.jstor.org discover 10.2307 181773?uid 2129&uid 2&uid 70&uid 4&sid 47698800632447 European Traders and the Mpondo Paramountcy, 1878 1886 http eprints.ru.ac.za 1751 5 Ndima MA ch8.pdf The origin of the ... more details
The CPJ International Press Freedom Awards honour journalists around the world who show courage in defending press freedom in the face of attacks, threats or imprisonment. ref cite web url http www.cpj.org awards 2010 cpj to honor brave international journalists.php title CPJ to honor brave international journalists author date 2010 work publisher Committee to Protect Journalists accessdate 18 June 2011 ref Created in 1991, the awards are administered by the Committee to Protect Journalists . Every November, awards are usually given to four individuals, who are honored at a banquet in New York City . One of the aims of the awards is to focus local and international News media media coverage on countries where violations of freedom of the press are particularly serious. Recipients class wikitable width 100 Year Honorees Country rowspan 4 2011 Mansoor Al Jamri BHR Natalya Radina BLR Javier Valdez C rdenas MEX Umar Cheema PAK rowspan 4 2010 Mohammad Davari IRN Nadira Isayeva RUS Dawit Kebede ETH Laureano M rquez VEN rowspan 4 2009 Mustafa Haji Abdinur SOM Naziha R jiba TUN Eynulla Fatullayev AZE J. S. Tissainayagam LKA rowspan 4 2008 Bilal Hussein IRQ Danish Karokhel and Farida Nekzad AFG Andrew Mwenda UGA H ctor Maseda Guti rrez CUB rowspan 4 2007 Mazhar Abbas PAK Dmitry Muratov RUS Adela Navarro Bello MEX Gao Qinrong PRC rowspan 4 2006 Jes s Abad Colorado COL Jamal Amer YEM Madi Ceesay GAM Atwar Bahjat IRQ rowspan 4 2005 Galima Bukharbaeva UZB Beatrice Mtetwa ZIM L cio Fl vio Pinto BRA Shi Tao PRC rowspan 4 2004 Svetlana Kalinkina BLR Aung Pwint and Thaung Tun BIR Alexis Sinduhije BDI Paul Klebnikov USA rowspan 4 2003 Abdul Samay Hamed AFG Aboubakr Jama MAR Musa Muradov RUS Manuel V zquez Portal CUB rowspan 4 2002 Ignacio G mez COL Tipu Sultan journalist Tipu Sultan BAN Irina Petrushova KAZ Fesshaye Yohannes ERI rowspan 4 2001 Jiang Weiping PRC Geoffrey Nyarota ZIM Horacio Verbitsky ARG Mazen Dana PSE rowspan 4 2000 eljko Kopanja BIH Modeste Mutinga COD Steven Gan ... more details
moving further and further inland from the Mozambican coast. Among the Shangaan were the Mtetwa Mtisi ... influence and their own Shangaan background, became vaNdau and led the emergence of the Mtetwa ... more details
BLP sources date January 2011 Saula Telawa is a Fiji an nationalism nationalist politician who serves as President of the New Nationalist Party Fiji New Nationalist Party , ref cite news title Fiji s New Nationalists say PM should resign url http www.rnzi.com pages news.php?op read&id 21537 accessdate 22 January 2011 newspaper Radio New Zealand International date 11 January 2006 ref which advocates Fijian people indigenous Fijian paramountcy. He has also championed the establishment of Christianity , the faith of most indigenous Fijians, as Fiji s official religion. He claims to be the heir to the legacy of the late nationalist leader Sakeasi Butadroka . Telawa made media headlines on 12 January 2006, in the midst of a Fiji crisis of 2005 2006 virtual breakdown in relations between the government and Military of Fiji Military , which fuelled public fears of a possible coup d tat . The Laisenia Qarase Qarase government s failure to amend the Agriculture, Land, and Tenants Act Fiji Agriculture, Land, and Tenants Act , which he described as the heart and soul of the Fijian people, ref cite news title Nationalist fears conflict among indigenous Fijians url http nl.newsbank.com nl search we Archives?p product NewsLibrary&p multi BBAB&d place BBAB&p theme newslibrary2&p action search&p maxdocs 200&p topdoc 1&p text direct 0 10F1E67724379370&p field direct 0 document id&p perpage 10&p sort YMD date D&s trackval GooglePM accessdate 22 January 2011 newspaper BBC date 12 January 2006 quote If he has failed to pass the Land Bill, which is the heart and soul of the Fijian people, then he should resign ... ref had forfeited its legitimacy with indigenous Fijians, Telawa said, and it should resign. He also called on Commissioner of Police Fiji Police Commissioner Andrew Hughes police Andrew Hughes to stay out of the dispute between the government and the Military, saying that the Australia n Hughes, as a non Fijian, had no right to interfere and in so doing risk the lives of Fij ... more details
Infobox Indian politician name Jai Narayan Vyas image caption birth date February 18, 1899 birth place Jodhpur residence death date March 14, 1963 death place New Delhi constituency office 3rd & 5th Chief Minister of Rajasthan term start April 26, 1951 term end March 3, 1952 predecessor C S Venkatachari successor Tika Ram Paliwal party Indian National Congress religion Hindu spouse smt. Gauraja devi vyas children 1 son and 3 daughters term start2 November 1, 1952 term end2 November 12, 1954 predecessor2 Tika Ram Paliwal successor2 Mohan Lal Sukhadia website footnotes date year source Jai Narayan Vyas 1899 1963 was a chief minister of the India n state of Rajasthan . He hailed from Jodhpur city and was a leader of Indian National Congress party. He was born on February 18, 1899 to Pushkarna Brahmin Pandit Sewaramji Vyas and Shrimati Gopi Devi in Jodhpur . He has studied till Matriculation. He died on 14 March 1963. Political career Pre independence Jai Narayan Vyas and other Jodhpuri political activists formed the Marwar Hitkarni Sabha Marwar Improvement Society in the early 1920s in Jodhpur State , aimed at freeing the state from the rule of aliens a chief minister and other non Jodhpuri officials both Indian and English. Its motto was Marwar Jodhpur for the Marwaris and its design to protect local interests from the effects of administrative reform.63 The maharaja gave the Sabha his blessing, while Vyas saw his role in it as his first contribution to the freedom movement. The organization was banned in 1924. Later he formed the Jodhpur Praja Mandal, the Youth League, and the Marwar Lok Parishad. He guided his movements from Ajmer , wWhenever he had trouble in his home state of Jodhpur. ref http www.princelystates.com Rajputana rc 02 02x.shtml Rajputana Under British Paramountcy ref Post independence On March 3, 1948 he became the Prime Minister of Jodhpur State. He relinquished his office on April 7, 1949. He was chief minister of the state of Rajasthan twice, firs ... more details
cleanup date October 2010 refimprove date February 2011 Hirsch Harry Wolofsky 1878 1949 , was a Canadian Yiddish author and business owner. Biography Wolofsky was born in Szydlowiec Shidlovtse, Poland , into an Hasidic Judaism asidic community to which his father was crown rabbi . He received a traditional Jewish education until orphaned at 15. ref name jewishvirtuallibrary.org http www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org jsource judaica ejud 0002 0021 0 21072.html ref Soon after he moved to Lodz , married Sarah Bercovitch, and immigrated to Canada via the England in 1900 to join his two brothers, Aaron and Srul Dovid who were already in Montreal . Upon arrival he opened a fruit store on St. Lawrence now St. Laurent Boulevard a.k.a. The Main . In 1907, after a fire, he created Eagle Publishing Company and started Keneder Adler , Canada s first daily Yiddish newspaper. Until the 1950s, Yiddish was Montreal s third most spoken language, after English and French. ref name macleans.ca http www.macleans.ca article.jsp?content 20050221 100895 100895 ref Wolofsky served as the paper s managing editor until his death. The Keneder Adler served an ideologically diverse readership. The paper s focus was world events, but the editorial staff so understood its paramountcy to the neighborhood, they listed births and deaths on the front page. If no deaths were announced in the morning edition, it was referred to as a clean paper. ref name macleans.ca The paper promoted Jewish education, establishment of a Canadian Jewish Congress, creation of a Jewish Community Council Va ad Ha ir , and the building of what eventually became the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital Jewish General Hospital . The Adler attracted Jewish writers of international renown such as Hebraist Reuben Brainin , who served as editor from 1912 to 1915, and featured many of Canada s Yiddish writers. Wolofsky s Adler subsidized the literary and scholarly pursuits of its associates and published many of their books. ... more details
is valid, it does not override valid provincial laws there was no question of the CCAA having paramountcy Canada paramountcy over the PBA in this case, as the doctrine was never argued during the proceedings ... more details
clans, and had made the Zulu into the most important ally of the large Mtetwa clan, which was in competition ... of birth. After the death of Mtetwa king Dingiswayo around 1818, at the hands of Zwide king of the Ndwandwe, Shaka assumed leadership of the entire Mtetwa alliance. The alliance under his leadership ... more details
Langalibalele Hlubi isiHlubi The sun is boiling hot , also known as Mtetwa, c1814 1889 was king of the Hlubi people amaHlubi , a Bantu tribe in what is the modern day province of KwaZulu Natal , South Africa . He was born on the eve of the arrival of European settlers in the province. During the diamond rush, many of his young men worked on the mines in Kimberley where they acquired guns. In 1873 the colonial authorities demanded that the guns be registered, Langalibalele refused and a stand off ensured resulting in a skirmish in which European troopers were killed. Langalibalele fled across the mountains into Basutoland , but was captured, tried and banished to Robben Island . He eventually returned to his home, but remained under house arrest. His imprisonment split the colonial population of Natal and was a watershed in South African political history. Context The Bushmen , a hunter gatherer people were the original inhabitants of the modern day province of KwaZulu Natal. ref group Note If the name of a locality in this article had a legal connotation for example a clearly demarcated border , the nineteenth century name is used, otherwise the Apartheid post Apartheid name is used. ref ref group Note The prefix kwa means The place , thus kwaZulu means The place of the Zulu br The prefix ama means The people , thus amaHlubi means The Hlubi people br The prefix isi means The language of , thus isiHlubi means The language of the Hlubi people ref Historians are divided as to when the bantu , a pastoral people first migrated into the province from the north, but they had certainly settled there by the end of the seventeenth century and displaced the bushmen who migrated into the foothills of the Drakensberg . ref cite book title Barrier of Spears Drama of the Drakensberg first ... kingdom, c. 1827. During the first decade of the nineteenth century the Mtetwa chief Dingiswayo , a neighbour ... II was born in about 1814 and was originally known as Mtetwa. In 1818 Dingiswayo attacked ... more details
Princely States topics In India , the Privy Purse was a payment made to the royal families of erstwhile princely states as part of their agreements to first integrate with India in 1947, and later to merge their states in 1949 whereby they lost all ruling rights. The Privy Purse was continued to the royal families until the Constitutional Amendment of 1971, implemented after a two year legal battle, was passed by which all their privileges and allowances from the Central Government ceased to exist. In some individual cases however privy purses were continued for life for individuals who had held ruling powers before 1947 ref HH Maharani Sethu Lakshmi Bayi s allowance was reinstated after a prolonged legal battle until her death in 1985. At the turn of the Tide, the Life and Times of Maharani Sethu Lakshmi Bayi, the Last Queen of Travancore by Dr. Lakshmi Raghunandan ref . History When United Kingdom Britain ceded its paramountcy over British India including the modern states of India , Pakistan and Bangladesh , a large portion of the subcontinent was held by rulers whose position and status within the British Raj varied. There were in 1947 more than 565 such princely state s in India whose position and relation with the Paramount Power was determined by separate treaties. A system of Gun salute s also determined the importance of each state. On the eve of independence, most of these states had signed the Instrument of Accession with either India or Pakistan . Only certain states pressed for claims of complete independence after the British left India. However, due to the diplomacy of Vallabhbhai Patel and VP Menon , Travancore , Bhopal and Jodhpur signed the Instruments of Accession before 15 August 1947. Even after independence three states vacillated, namely Kashmir , Junagadh and Hyderabad State Hyderabad which were integrated later. The Instruments of Accession needed the states to only cede defense, communications and foreign relations to India . Democratic ins ... more details
SCCInfoBox case name O Grady v. Sparling full case name O Grady v. Sparling heard date ? decided date October 4, 1960 citations 1960 S.C.R. 804 SCC 1959 1962 Majority Judson J. JoinMajority Kerwin CJ., Taschereau, Fauteux, Abbott, and Martland J. Concurrence Ritchie J. Dissent Cartwright J. JoinDissent Locke J. O Grady v. Sparling , 1960 S.C.R. 804, was a landmark Supreme Court of Canada decision on the constitutionality of overlapping federal and provincial laws. The Court held that there was no conflict between federal dangerous driving offences, which only prohibited advertent negligence and provincial careless driving offences, which included inadvertent negligence. The analysis used here was later to be known as the paramountcy doctrine . Background The defendant was charged under section 55 1 of the Manitoba Highway Traffic Act which prohibited driving on a highway without due care and attention or without reasonable consideration for other persons using the highway . The defendant challenged the law, claiming that it was beyond the power of the province because the federal government had occupied the field with a similar criminal provision in section 221 now 202 of the Criminal Code of Canada , which prohibited driving with wanton or reckless disregard for the lives or safety of other persons. The issue before the Court was whether provincial laws relating to negligence with penal consequences would necessarily be a criminal law and thus encroach on federal jurisdiction. Opinion of the Court The opinion of the Court was written by Judson J., with Kerwin, Taschereau, Fauteux, Abbott, Martland, and Ritchie concurring. Judson held that the power of a provincial legislature to enact legislation for the regulation of highway traffic is undoubted . He reaffirmed the principle that there exists a general area or domain of criminal. Thus the two governments can make law on the same matter by creating a distinction between the types of culpability. There is a fundamen ... more details
Infobox Indian Jurisdiction type village locator position right native name Narur latd 31.334798 longd 75.854588 state name Punjab district Kapurthala District Kapurthala leader title leader name altitude population as of population total cite population total area magnitude area total area telephone postal code vehicle code range footnotes Narur , also known as Naroor or Naror, is a large village in Punjab India Punjab , situated 19 km from Phagwara . ref http wikimapia.org lat 31.3316085&lon 75.8544803&z 13&l 0&m b&search narur Wikimapia ref The area is 183 hectares with a population of 2485 ref http www.censusindia.gov.in PopulationFinder Sub Districts Master.aspx?state code 03&district code 03 ref . Neighbouring villages include Panchhat , Jalwehra , Nangal Thindal Chairan, Bhagana, Nasirabad, Randhirgarh, Mayopatti, and Rampur Khalyan . Demographics Narur residents are mostly Jaswal Sikh Rajputs ref http www.sikhrajput.com ref , along with a number of Brahmin and Muslim families. History Narur is named after Nar Chand, one of the sons of Mian Mota, who was a Jaswal prince from the Punjab hills. ref Rose, Horace Arthur. Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, pg 52. ref According to the village folklore, Narur was founded by a Jaswal prince hailing from Amb, capital of Jaswan , which is located in present day Himachal Pardesh. The prince was hunting in the area and fell in love with a local girl, said to be from a nearby village Ajnoha . The two eventually married and founded the village. Notable Historical Events Peasant agitation against malba tax As noted in the Kapurthala gazetteer of 1984 ref http punjabrevenue.nic.in gaz kpt2.htm ref ref Anju Arora, The princely states British paramountcy and internal administration, 1858 1948 a case study of the Kapurthala State ref , In 1938 39, there was a peasant agitation against malba tax, which was being charged at the rate of six per cent of the land revenue. People refused to p ... more details
The Kusasi people var. Kusaasi are an ethnic group in northern Ghana and southern Burkina Faso . They speak the Kusaal language , a Gur language . ref http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code kus Kusaal language . Ethnologue.com. ref Geography Around 400,000 Kusasi are found in the Bawku Municipal District Bawku Districts of northern Ghana, a region inhabited by a mixture of peoples, including the Mamprusi people Mamprusi who came over from across the White Volta in Mamprugu in the era preceding the colonization of the area and other minority groups like the Bissa people Bisa or Busasi, Moshie, Fula people Fulani and Bimoba communities. The relations between Kusasi and other ethnic groups have been troubled in recent times. Control of Bawku and the paramountcy located there has caused sour relations and the ethnic distrust. Previously, the various ethnic groups maintained good relations, and ethnic intermarriages mediated by a substantial Bride price bride wealth settlement have been characteristic of the area. The Kusasiland is divided culturally into two divisions the western or Atoende division that lies to the west of the Red Volta and the Agolle division to the east. Though Kusasi constitute a fairly homogenous cultural and linguistic group, there are perceptible cultural and linguistic differences between Agolle Kusasi and Atoende Kusasi. The Atoende have been culturally influenced by their neighbours to the west, the Nabdem. The multi ethnic town of Bawku is the largest commercial town in the Upper East. Its growth has been in response to its commercial role and its attraction of traders and merchandise from Burkina Faso , Togo and beyond. Its specialties include Kola nut kola nuts from Southern Ghana destined for Burkina Faso, livestock , onions and other local produce. Traditional authority Traditionally, the paramount chief of Mamprugu the nayiri installed five chiefs directly from Mamprugu to the Kusasiland. The main function of these chiefs was to ... more details
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