File Statue of Mukhulai.jpg thumb right 250px Statue of Muqali in Sukhbaatar Square Muqalai , or Mukhali , or Mukhulai lang mn , 1170 1223 was one of the greatest generals under Genghis Khan Biography Muqali served Genghis enemy serving as a slave or Nak for Genghis rival, the aunt of his father of the Jurchen clan in his early days but was captured. Genghis rewarded the defiant Mukhali for his integrity and wisdom, and afterwards was a loyal companion. During the coronation of Genghis Khan, Muqali was given the command of the Third Tumen and control over the Eastern mingghan s. In 1211, he participated in the Battle of the Badger Mouth , the decisive battle in the first stage of the Mongol Jin War . After Genghis Khan decided to go to war with the Khwarezmid Empire , he gave control of all Turco Mongol forces to Muqali and gave him the title of King, a largely ceremonial title. Despite Genghis Khan having most of the main Turco Mongol forces taken away and sent to the West, Muqali was able to subdue most of Northern China with his small force of around 20,000 men, although some historians give figures of between 40,000 and 70,000 men. In 1217 Muqali attacked the province of Hebei as well as northern Shandong and northern Shaanxi . This was an important agricultural area, which Muqali had largely subdued by 1219. In 1220 Muqali turned his attention to the rest of Shandong four towns were captured, but the hard pressed Jin managed to hold on elsewhere in the province. Muqali s last campaign began in 1222. He crossed the Wei River and attacked south, capturing towns that had already been plundered by a previous Mongol general Samuqa, who suddenly disappeared from Mongol history. Meanwhile, the Jin launched a counter attack into the province of Shansi. Muqali swiftly ..., Genghis Khan. Legacy After his death, descendants of Mukhali served the Great Khan of the Mongols ... vi M c Hoa L zh it Mukhali ... more details
More footnotes date September 2010 Chinese text P xi n W nn zh t s w P u hsien Wan nu was a Jurchen people Jurchen warlord who established the short lived kingdom of Eastern Xia in 13th century China . He originally served the dying Jin Dynasty 1115 1234 Jin Dynasty under pressure from the Mongol Empire . While the Mongols under Genghis Khan invaded Jin, a Khitan people Khitan chief Yel Liuge revolted against the dynasty in Liaodong in 1211 and made contact with the Mongol Empire in the next year. In 1214 Jin dispatched Puxian Wannu to Liaodong, but he was defeated around Kaiyuan . While Mukhali of the Mongol Empire invaded Northern China, Puxian Wannu rebelled against Jin and founded the Dazhen kingdom in Dongjing Liaoyang in 1215. He adopted the title of Tian Wang Tianwang lit. Heavenly King and named his Chinese era name era Tiantai . As a result of an internal strife in the so called bogus Liao , Yel Liuge was expelled and sought support from Genghis. The Khitans got a counterattack from Jin and fled to Goryeo Dynasty Goryeo without permission. Puxian Wannu capitulated to Mukhali s army and sent his son Tege Ti g as a hostage in 1216. However, he revolted soon after that and fled to an island while the Mongol army invaded Liaoxi and Liaodong. In 1217 he moved from Dongjing to the Tumen River basin possibly to avoid both Mongol and Jin oppressions. He again named his kingdom Dongxia , put the capital around Yanji and called it Nanjing literally southern capital . His domain spread north to Laoyeling mountains, south to Hamgy ngnamdo, North Korea, east to the Sea of Japan and west to the Zhangguangcailing mountains. That covers borderlands of China, Russia and North Korea. The name of the kingdom is controversial. Chinese documents call it Dongxia but Goryeo almost always called it Dongzhen . Yanai Wataru insisted that Xi was a misinterpretation of Zh n . In the meanwhile Ikeuchi Hiroshi claimed that ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 1223 Year nav 1223 C13 year in topic NOTOC Year 1223 Roman numerals MCCXXIII was a common year starting on Sunday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . Events onlyinclude March 25 &ndash Sancho II of Portugal Sancho II is crowned King of Portugal May 31 &ndash Battle of the Kalka River The Mongol Empire Mongol armies of Genghis Khan defeat the Mongol invasion of Rus Russian warriors. August 6 &ndash Louis VIII of France Louis VIII is crowned King of France . The Franciscan Rule is approved by Pope Honorius III . Failure of an attempt by the Siculo Norman Sicilian fleet to reconquer Jerba . ref name espace libyeb cite journal last Bresc first Henri title La Sicile et l espace libyen au Moyen Age year 2003 url http www.storiamediterranea.it public md1 dir b1462.pdf accessdate 17 January 2012 ref onlyinclude Births John FitzAlan, 6th Earl of Arundel d. 1267 Baibars , Mamluk Sultan of Egypt and Syria d. 1277 Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer d. 1265 Llywelyn ap Gruffydd , Last Native Prince of Wales d. 1282 Deaths March 8 &ndash Wincenty Kad ubek , Poland Polish bishop and historian b. 1161 March 25 &ndash Monarch King Afonso II of Portugal b. 1185 July 14 &ndash King Philip II of France b. 1165 Giorgi IV Lasha , King of Georgia country Georgia b. 1192 Giraldus Cambrensis Cambro Norman clergyman and chronicler b. 1146 Mstislav III of Kiev Mukhali , Mongol general Unkei , Japanese people Japanese sculptor b. 1151 References Reflist DEFAULTSORT 1223 Category 1223 af 1223 am 1223 . . . ar 1223 an 1223 ast 1223 az 1223 bn map bms 1223 be 1223 be x old 1223 bh bg 1223 bs 1223 br 1223 ca 1223 cv 1223 cs 1223 co 1223 cy 1223 da 1223 de 1223 et 1223 el 1223 es 1223 eo 1223 eu 1223 fa fr 1223 fy 1223 gd 1223 gl 1223 gan 1223 ko 1223 hy 1223 hi hr 1223. io 1223 bpy id 1223 os 1223 is 1223 it 1223 he 1223 jv 1223 krc 1223 ka 1223 kk 1223 sw 1223 ht 12 ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 1214 Year nav 1214 C13 year in topic NOTOC Year 1214 Roman numerals MCCXIV was a common year starting on Wednesday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . Events onlyinclude By area Asia The Emperor of Jin Dynasty 1115 1234 Jin China surrenders to the Mongols under Genghis Khan , who have besieged Beijing for a year. He pays a huge ransom and then abandons Northern China, heading for Kaifeng . In his campaigns in Liaodong , the Mongol general Mukhali commands a newly formed Khitan people Khitan Han Chinese Chinese army and a special corps of 12,000 Chinese auxiliary troops. Europe July 27 &ndash Battle of Bouvines In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England . King Alfonso VIII of Castile , besieges the Almohad troops in Baeza . The famine experienced in the peninsula is such that neither army is able to fight. Upon the death of their father, King Alfonso VIII of Castile , in September and of their mother, Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile Eleanor Plantagenet , Berenguela of Castile Bernguela becomes the regent of her young brother, king Henry I of Castile Henry I . ref name linehan1999 cite book title The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198 c.1300 year 1999 publisher Cambridge University Press location Cambridge isbn 052136289X pages 668 699 author Peter Linehan editor David Abulafia page 671 chapter Chapter 21 Castile, Portugal and Navarre ref The German city of Bielefeld is founded. The Roman Catholic Rosary was unveiled to Saint Dominic by the Virgin Mary . By topic Education June 20 &ndash The University of Oxford receives its charter . Religion April 13 &ndash Simon Apulia becomes Bishop of Exeter . onlyinclude Births April 25 &ndash King Louis IX of France d. 1270 Isabella of England , daughter of John of England d. 1241 Deaths September 14 &ndash Albert Avogadro , Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem b. 1149 October 5 &ndash King Alfonso VIII of Castile b. 1155 October 31 &ndash Leonora of ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 1170 Year nav 1171 C12 year in topic NOTOC Year 1170 Roman numerals MCLXX was a common year starting on Thursday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . Events onlyinclude November &ndash Henry II of England , when word reaches him in France of Thomas Becket s latest actions, utters words that are interpreted by his followers as a wish for the archbishop s death alternative date is December . December 29 &ndash Thomas Becket , Archbishop of Canterbury , is assassinated in Canterbury Cathedral . The city of Dublin is captured by the Normans . According to folklore , the Wales Welsh prince Madoc sailes to North America and founds a colony. Estimation Fes, Morocco Fes in the Almohad Almohad Empire becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Constantinople , capital of the Byzantine Empire . ref http geography.about.com library weekly aa011201a.htm Geography at about.com ref The Danes ancient people Danes attack Estonia . The palace guards massacre the civil officials at the Korean court and place a new king on the throne. The coup leaders scrap the privileges that have kept the aristocrats in power and appoint themselves to top posts. Earliest dating for the making of Cheddar cheese onlyinclude Births May 9 &ndash Valdemar II of Denmark d. 1241 alternative date is June 28 Eustace the Monk , French pirate d. 1217 Isabelle of Hainaut , queen of Philip II of France d. 1190 Mukhali , general of Genghis Khan Saint Dominic , founder of the Dominicans d. 1221 Fibonacci Leonardo of Pisa Leonardo Fibonacci d. 1250 , mathematician Deaths January 22 &ndash Wang Chongyang , Chinese Daoist and co founder of the Quanzhen School b. 1113 November 18 &ndash Albert the Bear Albert I of Brandenburg b. c. 1100 November 28 &ndash Owain Gwynedd , King of Gwynedd b. c. 1100 December 29 &ndash Thomas Becket , Archbishop of Canterbury assassinated b. c. 1118 Al Mustanjid , Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad Ruben II of Armen ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 1213 Year nav 1213 C13 year in topic NOTOC Year 1213 Roman numerals MCCXIII was a common year starting on Tuesday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . Events onlyinclude May 15 &ndash King John of England submits to Pope Innocent III , who in turn lifts the interdict of 1208. May 30 &ndash Battle of Damme The English fleet under William Longesp e, 3rd Earl of Salisbury destroys a French fleet off the Belgian port, in the first major victory for the fledgling Royal Navy. September 12 &ndash Battle of Muret The Toulousain and Aragonese forces of Raymond VI of Toulouse and Peter II of Aragon are defeated by the Albigensian Crusade under Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester Simon de Montfort . Jin Dynasty, 1115 1234 Jin China is overrun by the Mongols under Genghis Khan , who plunder the countryside and cities, until only Beijing remains free, despite two bloody palace coups and a lengthy siege. Pope Innocent III issues a charter, calling for the Fifth Crusade to recapture Jerusalem. Mukhali seizes Mizhou and orders all the inhabitants massacred. onlyinclude Births March 9 &ndash Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy , French crusader d. 1271 June 10 &ndash Fakhruddin Iraqi , Persian philosopher and Sufi mystic Deaths January 12 &ndash Queen Tamar of Georgia b. c. 1160 April 18 &ndash Marie of Montpellier , Lady of Montpellier, Queen of Aragon b. 1182 September 12 &ndash King Peter II of Aragon killed in battle b. 1174 September 24 &ndash Gertrude of Merania , wife of Andrew II of Hungary murdered b. 1185 October 10 &ndash Frederick II, Duke of Lorraine Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 1st Earl of Essex Sharafeddin Tusi , Persian mathematician b. 1135 References Reflist DEFAULTSORT 1213 Category 1213 af 1213 am 1213 . . . ar 1213 an 1213 ast 1213 az 1213 bn map bms 1213 be 1213 be x old 1213 bh bg 1213 bs 1213 br 1213 ca 1213 cv 1213 cs 1213 co 1213 cy 1213 da 1213 de 1213 et 1213 el 1213 es 1213 eo 1213 eu 1 ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 1217 Year nav 1217 C13 year in topic NOTOC Year 1217 Roman numerals MCCXVII was a common year starting on Sunday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . Events onlyinclude By area Asia Mukhali is back in Genghis Khan s camp in Mongolia and receives the hereditary title of prince, a golden seal, and a white standard with 9 tails and a black crescent in the middle. He is appointed commander in chief of operations in North China . The Fifth Crusade reaches the Holy Land Europe April 9 &ndash Peter of Courtenay is crowned emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople at Rome , by Pope Honorius III . September 21 &ndash Battle of St. Matthew s Day The Germans defeat the Estonians. November &ndash Kingdom of Castile Castile The former regent of the now deceased young Henry I of Castile , Alvaro N ez de Lara , is captured and forced to relinquish all his castles. ref name linehan1999 cite book title The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198 c.1300 year 1999 publisher Cambridge University Press location Cambridge isbn 0 521 36289 X pages 668 699 author Peter Linehan editor David Abulafia page 670 chapter Chapter 21 Castile, Portugal and Navarre ref The Kingdom of Serbia medieval Kingdom of Serbia is founded. Alc cer do Sal Municipality Alc cer do Sal is reconquered by the troops of the Portuguese king Afonso II . ref name picard2000 cite book last Picard first Christophe title Le Portugal musulman VIIIe XIIIe si cle. L Occident d al Andalus sous domination islamique year 2000 publisher Maisonneuve & Larose location Paris isbn 2 7068 1398 9 page 110 ref In England , a decree establishes that only Englishman can be clergy of Ireland . End of the First Barons War May 20 &ndash First Barons War The royalists prevail at Lincoln, Lincolnshire Lincoln . August 24 &ndash First Barons War In the Battle of Sandwich 1217 Battle of Sandwich between English and French soldiers in the English Channel, mercenary Eustace the M ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 1206 Year nav 1206 C13 year in topic NOTOC Year 1206 Roman numerals MCCVI was a common year starting on Sunday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . Events onlyinclude By area Asia Tem jin is proclaimed Genghis Khan of the Mongolia Mongol people, founding the Mongol Empire . Mukhali is appointed myriarch of the left wing of the newly reorganized Mongol army, and granted immunity for up to 9 breaches of the law. Qutb ud din Aybak , a Turkish mameluke from Central Asia proclaims the Mameluk dynasty in India , the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate . Europe Theodore Lascaris is crowned Byzantine Emperor at Nicaea city Nicaea . The Livonian Brothers of the Sword , in alliance with the Semigallians , conquer Livs . King Valdemar II and Archbishop Andreas Sunonis raid Saaremaa Island, Estonia , forcing the islanders to submit. The Danes ancient people Danes build a fortress, but finding no volunteers to man it, they burn it down themselves and leave the island. By topic Arts and culture Sugar , an import from the Muslim world , is mentioned for the first time in a royal English account. Almonds, cinnamon, ginger, and nutmeg are also imported for royal banquets. ref King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 139 ref Education Colchester Royal Grammar School founded. Religion Foundation of the Order of the Friars Minor by Francis of Assisi . ref cite journal last Munro first John H. title The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution journal The International History Review year 2003 volume 15 issue 3 pages 506 562 ref A peasant named Thurkhill in England claims that Saint Julian took him on a tour of Purgatory . Thurkhill includes realistic touches including descriptions of Purgatory s torture chambers, and is believed by Roger of Wendover , one of his society s leading historians. ref King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 11 ref Th ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 1197 Year nav 1197 C12 year in topic NOTOC Year 1197 Roman numerals MCXCVII was a common year starting on Wednesday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . Events onlyinclude By area Asia Genghis Khan defeats the Jurkins. Mukhali s father gives him and his brother to Genghis Khan as personal hereditary slaves. Amalric II of Jerusalem Amalric II succeeds Henry II of Champagne as Kings of Jerusalem King of Jerusalem . Europe Theobald III of Champagne Theobald III becomes Count of Champagne . Kaloyan of Bulgaria Kaloyan becomes List of Bulgarian monarchs Tsar of Bulgaria . Corfu is occupied by the Genoa Genoese . Hubert Walter , Archbishop of Canterbury , negotiates a peace with Wales . North Crawley is split into Great Crawley and Little Crawley. Philip of Swabia marries Irene Angelina , daughter of Byzantine emperor Isaac II . The Danes ancient people Danes attack Estonia . Saracen pirates, from the Balearic Islands , raid the city of Toulon in Provence and the benedictine L rins Abbey monastery of Saint Honorat on the L rins Islands . ref cite book title Pays d Islam et monde latin, Xe XIIIe si cle textes et documents publisher Presses Universitaires de Lyon location Lyon author Unit mixte de recherche 5648 Histoire et arch ologie des mondes chr tiens et musulmans m di vaux ref By topic Market A rainy weather causes the harvest to fail in western Europe. One of the worse famines of the century ensues. ref cite book last Chester Jordan first William title The great famine northern Europe in the early fourteenth century year 1997 publisher Princeton University Press location Princeton isbn 0 691 05891 1 ref Religion Arbroath Abbey is consecrated, and dedicated to St. Thomas Becket . onlyinclude Births October 22 &ndash Emperor Juntoku of Japan d. 1242 Amadeus IV of Savoy d. 1253 Raymond VII of Toulouse d. 1249 Deaths January &ndash William Longchamp , Lord Chancellor Lord Chancellor of England and bishop ... more details
Khaan ordered his warlord Guo Wang Mukhali Mukhulai of the Jalair clan to complete the conquest of the Jin ... of which was Jalayrids Jalayrid dynasty, ruled by descendants of Mukhali of Jalair . The Forty and the Four ... more details
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