of multiplex, see multiplex disambiguation . For multiplexing in electronics and signal processing, see Multiplexer . In telecommunications and computer networks , multiplexing also known as muxing is a method ..., several telephone call s may be carried using one wire. Multiplexing originated in Telegraphy ... a communication channel , which may be a physical transmission medium. The multiplexing divides the capacity ... extract the original channels on the receiver side. A device that performs the multiplexing is called ... . Inverse multiplexing IMUX has the opposite aim as multiplexing, namely to break one data stream ... the original data stream. Types of multiplexingMultiplexing technologies may be divided into several ... length. ref space division multiplexing SDM , frequency division multiplexing FDM , time division multiplexing TDM , and code division multiplexing CDM . Variable bit rate digital bit streams may be transferred efficiently over a fixed bandwidth channel by means of statistical multiplexing , for example ... multiplexing which resembles time division multiplexing. Digital bit streams can be transferred over an analog channel by means of code division multiplexing CDM techniques such as frequency hopping spread spectrum FHSS and direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS . In wireless communication s, multiplexing ... communications MIMO scheme. Space division multiplexing main space division multiplexing In wired communication, space division multiplexing simply implies different point to point wires for different ... or between the exchanges, other multiplexing techniques are typically employed or a switched Ethernet network. A third example is a mesh network . Wired space division multiplexing is typically not considered as multiplexing. In wireless communication, space division multiplexing is achieved by multiple ... output MIMO , single input and multiple output SIMO and multiple input and single output MISO multiplexing ... or beamforming improved selectivity rather than multiplexing. Frequency division multiplexing Main ... more details
Subcarrier Multiplexing SCM is a method for combining multiplexing many different communications signals so that they can be transmitted along a single optical fiber . SCM also known as SCMA, SubCarrier Multiple Access is used in passive optical network PON access infrastructures as a variant of wavelength division multiplexing WDM . SCM follows a different approach compared to WDM. In WDM an optical carrier is modulated with a baseband signal of typically hundred of Mbit s. In an SCMA infrastructure, the baseband data is first modulated on a GHz wide subcarrier, that is subsequently modulated on the optical carrier. This way each signal occupies a different portion of the optical spectrum surrounding the centre frequency of the optical carrier. At the receiving side, as normally happens in a commercial radio service, the receiver is tuned to the correct subcarrier frequency, filtering out the other subcarriers. The operation of multiplexing and demultiplexing the single subcarriers is carried out electronically. The conversion into the optical carrier is done at the multiplexer side. This gives an advantage over a pure WDM access, due to the lower cost of the electrical components if compared with an optical multiplexer. SCM has the disadvantage of being limited in maximum subcarrier frequencies and data rates by the available bandwidth of the electrical and optical components. Therefore, SCM must be used in conjunction with WDM in order to take advantage of most of the available fiber bandwidth, but it can be used effectively for lower speed, lower cost multiuser systems. External links http www2.rad.com networks 1999 wdm wdm.htm WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing http www.ittc.ku.edu publications documents Hui2002 Hui2002JoLTpp417.pdf Subcarrier Multiplexing for High Speed Optical Transmission Category multiplexing Category digital television Category digital radio Category broadcast engineering Category Physical layer protocols ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 SNMP multiplexing or SMUX is a computer networking Communications protocol protocol used in implementing the Simple Network Management Protocol . It defines communications between the SNMP Agent and other processes. See the original definition of the SMUX protocol in RFC 1227 please note that this RFC has been marked HISTORIC and is considered obsolete . SMUX was superseded by AgentX . ref cite web title Net SNMP url http www.net snmp.org tutorial tutorial 4 snmp terms.html SMUX accessdate 2011 12 19 ref Reflist DEFAULTSORT Snmp Multiplexing Category Network management es SMUX ... more details
Multiple issues orphan December 2011 context July 2009 refimprove July 2009 The Session multiplexing is a service provided by the transport layer see OSI model OSI Layered Model . It multiplexes cite note 0 1 several message streams, or sessions onto one logical link and keeps track of which messages belong to which sessions see OSI model session layer . An example of session multiplexing a single computer with one IP address has several websites open at once. References http support.microsoft.com kb 103884 The OSI Model s Seven Layers Defined and Functions Explained Category Computer networking Compu network stub ... more details
Sprite multiplexing is a computer graphics technique. It is mainly applicable to older video graphics hardware and computer systems. Some video graphics hardware is capable of displaying Sprite computer graphics sprites . Depending on the hardware, there is a finite limit on the number of sprites that may be displayed by the hardware per frame, or per scanline. Sprites are most commonly utilised to output the display of video game s, but there are also other applications. The sprite multiplexing technique is based on the idea that before the video hardware displays the next frame, the computer program will program the hardware to display those sprites that are first to be displayed. After those sprites have been displayed, the program then reprograms the hardware to display the remaining sprites. That way, the number of sprites that appear on the screen may be doubled, or increased even more. The programmer must carefully consider the layout of the screen. If the video graphics hardware is not reprogrammed in time for the extra sprites to be displayed, they will not appear. The technique relies on the program being able to identify what part of the screen is being drawn at the moment, or being triggered by the video hardware to run a subroutine at the crucial moment. Computers that allowed the programmer to employ the sprite multiplexing technique include Commodore Amiga Commodore 64 MSX Modern video graphics hardware typically does not use hardware sprites, since modern computer systems do not have the kind of memory bandwidth limitations that sprite hardware is designed to circumvent. Category Computer graphics Compu graphics stub Compu hardware stub ... more details
orphan date September 2010 In radio technology, Spatial Multiplexing Gain SMG is achieved when a system is transmitting different streams of data from the same radio resource in separate spatial dimensions. Data is hence sent and received over multiple channels linked to different pilot frequencies, over multiple Antenna radio antennas . This results in capacity gain at no additional power or Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth . SMG has had a large impact on the introduction of MIMO systems in wireless technology. See also Spatial multiplexing References references http www2.rohde schwarz.com en technologies cellular standards wimax information content MIMO and its meaning for WiMAX.html DEFAULTSORT Spatial Multiplexing Gain Category Radio technology ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Multiplex techniques Statistical multiplexing is a type of communication link sharing, very similar to dynamic bandwidth allocation DBA . In statistical multiplexing , a communication channel is divided into an arbitrary number of variable bit rate digital channels or data streams. The link sharing is adapted to the instantaneous traffic demands of the data streams that are transferred ..., such as in general time division multiplexing TDM and frequency division multiplexing FDM . When performed correctly, statistical multiplexing can provide a link utilization improvement, called the statistical multiplexing gain . Statistical multiplexing is facilitated through packet mode or packet ... for fair queuing or differentiated and or guaranteed quality of service . Statistical multiplexing ... to different users. Statistical multiplexing normally implies on demand service rather than one that preallocates resources for each data stream. Statistical multiplexing schemes do not control user data transmissions. Comparison with static TDM Time domain statistical multiplexing packet mode communication is similar to time division multiplexing TDM , except that, rather than assigning a data ... order, and experience varying delay while the delay is fixed in TDM . Statistical multiplexing ... of channels and the channel data rate are fixed in TDM . Statistical multiplexing ensures that slots ... out at the physical layer in the OSI model and TCP IP model , while statistical multiplexing is carried out at the data link layer and above. Channel identification In statistical multiplexing, each packet ... complete destination address information. Usage Examples of statistical multiplexing are The MPEG transport stream for digital TV transmission. Statistical multiplexing is used to allow several ... http igorfuna.com dvb t slovenia multiplex a usage chart Example of Statistical Multiplexing Chart from a real DVB T multiplex Cdma DEFAULTSORT Statistical Multiplexing Category Multiplexing Category ... more details
IMA I nverse M ultiplexing for Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM is a standardized technology used to transport ATM traffic over a bundle of T carrier T1 or E carrier E1 cables, also known as IMA Group . This allows for gradual increase in line capacity, where implementing a high capacity solution e.g. optical fiber is not deemed feasible. The maximum number of cables in an IMA Group is 32, bringing the total data rate to roughly 64 Mbit second. The standard specification was initially approved by The ATM Forum in July 1997, and was later updated to version 1.1 in March 1999. ATM cell insertion happens in the round robin fashion and is transparent for the terminal equipment on the ends of the link. IMA inverse multiplexing functionality requires some overhead ICP or I MA C ontrol P rotocol cells, typically one ICP cell in every IMA frame commonly 128 cells in length and in CTC or C ommon T ransmit C lock mode, an ICP stuff cell must be inserted after every 2048 cells , and an IMA sublayer on the physical layer . See also The ATM Forum IMA specification, version 1.1, http broadband forum.org ftp pub approved specs af phy 0086.001.pdf Inverse multiplexer Inverse Multiplexing http www.cisco.com en US tech tk39 tk356 technologies configuration example09186a0080174992.shtml Category Multiplexing telecomm stub de Inverse Multiplexing for ATM es Multiplexado inverso para ATM ... more details
refimprove date February 2008 Multiplex techniques Frequency division multiplexing FDM is the process by which the total bandwidth available to the system is divided into a series of non overlapping frequency sub bands that are then assigned to each communicating source and user pair. Telephone For long distance telephone connection s, 20th century telephone companies used L carrier and similar co axial cable systems carrying thousands of voice circuits multiplexed in multiple stages by channel bank s. For shorter distances, cheaper balanced pair cables were used for various systems including Bell System K and N Carrier. Those cables didn t allow such large bandwidths, so only 12 voice channels Double Sideband and later 24 Single Sideband were multiplexed into Four wire circuit four wires , one pair for each direction with repeater s every several miles, approximately 10 km. See 12 channel carrier system . By the end of the 20th Century, FDM voice circuits had become rare. Modern telephone systems employ digital transmission, in which time division multiplexing TDM is used instead of FDM. Since the late 20th century Digital Subscriber Line s have used a Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Discrete multitone DMT system to divide their spectrum into frequency channels. The concept corresponding to frequency division multiplexing in the optical domain is known as wavelength division multiplexing . Group and supergroup A once commonplace FDM system, used for example in L ... 2 See also Duplex telecommunications Single sideband modulation Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM , Time division multiplexing TDM References reflist Harold P.E. Stern, Samy A. Mahmoud ... DEFAULTSORT Frequency Division Multiplexing Category Multiplexing de Frequenzmultiplexverfahren eu FDM fr Multiplexage fr quentiel it Frequency Division Multiplexing he FDM hu Frekvenciaoszt sos multiplexel s mk Frequency division multiplexing ja pt FDM ru ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Context date October 2009 Central office multiplexing or CO muxing is telephone exchange central office equipment that derives a number of lower speed Channel communications channels from one high Bandwidth computing bandwidth channel. This type of multiplexing is needed when the customer wants to terminate the Digital Signal 1 DS1 or DS3 in the central office and wants to pick up lower level services. For example, a customer may order a DS3, using it to carry a number of DS1 level services from different IXC common carrier carrier s. telecommunications Telecomm stub Category Telephone exchange equipment ... more details
Multiplex techniques Time division multiplexing TDM is a type of digital or rarely Pulse amplitude modulation analog strong multiplexing strong in which two or more bit stream s or signals are transferred ... Reservation distinguishes time division multiplexing from statistical multiplexing such as packet mode communication also known as statistical time domain multiplexing , see below i.e. the time slots ... by packet basis. Statistical time domain multiplexing resembles, but should not be considered the same as time division multiplexing. In dynamic TDMA , a scheduling algorithm dynamically reserves a variable ... 802.16a . History Time division multiplexing was first developed in telegraphy see Multiplexing Telegraphy multiplexing in telegraphy mile Baudot developed a time multiplexing system of multiple David ... archivedate 23 June 2006 accessdate 2009 09 23 ref Transmission using Time Division Multiplexing ... is allocated in the frame Multiplexing more than 24 or 30 digital voice channels is called higher order multiplexing . ref name hanrahn Higher order multiplexing is accomplished by multiplexing the standard TDM frames. ref name hanrahn For example, a European 120 channel TDM frame is formed by multiplexing ... x 64 kbit s, where n 120, 480, 1920, etc. ref name hanrahn Synchronous time division multiplexing Sync ... SDH Plesiochronous digital hierarchy PDH was developed as a standard for multiplexing higher order frames. ref name hanrahn ref name ericsson PDH created larger numbers of channels by multiplexing ... high levels of recovery from faults. Provide high data rates by multiplexing any size frame, limited ... makes use of Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDM where signals transmitted across the fibre ... unit and total costs. ref name hanrahn Statistical time division multiplexing Stat TDM STDM is an advanced ... is requiring data to be sent or received. This is also called asynchronous time division multiplexing ref name White ATDM , in an alternative nomenclature in which STDM or synchronous time division multiplexing ... more details
Out of date date November 2010 Core Multiplexing Technology is a term that appeared in some BIOS es some people believe Who date March 2009 that it is an implementation of speculative multithreading technology developed by Intel, previously known as Core Mitosis to allow for multicore CPUs to act as a single, more powerful CPU core. Details A subset of traditional applications are often difficult to parallelize and make use of additional CPU hardware available on the platform, restraining applications to use only one CPU. Corey the introduction of speculative multithreading. Much in the same way a branch predictor allows for a processor to speculate on the outcome of a branch operation without actually performing the operation, speculative multithreading allows for the processor to speculate deeper, executing entire branches of code on an additional core. Most of the implementation is done in software , with the compiler rearranging code to take better use of a multithreaded platform, which allows Simultaneous multithreading SMT and Multi core processor Multicore systems or a combination of the two to take advantage of the technology. But, because the data dependencies of speculative multithreading, and the necessity to manage inter thread dependent data, hardware implementation must be taken into consideration. Core Multiplexing Technology is thought to leverage Intel s Advanced Smart Cache technology of the upcoming Core 2 chips, which allows two cores to share a single L2 cache , and actively resize the cache between the two processors if one is idle, by allowing the two cores to share data to manage inter thread dependent data. See also 3Server Apulet BINAC External Resources http www.intel.com technology magazine research speculative threading 1205.htm Intel Research on Speculative Multithreading http www.xbitlabs.com news cpu display 20060627095448.html Coverage of Core Multiplexing Technology BIOS Option Category BIOS Compu hardware stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Virtual circuit multiplexing or VC MUX is one of the two the other being Logical Link Control LLC encapsulation mechanisms for identifying the protocol carried in ATM Adaptation Layer 5 AAL5 frames specified by RFC 2684, Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM . With virtual circuit multiplexing, the communicating hosts agree on the high level protocol for a given circuit. It has the advantage of not requiring additional information in a packet, which minimizes the overhead. For example, if the hosts agree to transfer IP, a sender can pass each datagram directly to AAL5 to transfer, nothing needs to be sent besides the datagram and the AAL5 trailer. This tends to reduce fragmentation overhead e.g., an IPv4 datagram containing a Transmission Control Protocol TCP ACK only packet with neither IP nor TCP options exactly fits into a single cell . The chief disadvantage of such a scheme lies in duplication of virtual circuits a host must create a separate virtual circuit for each high level protocol if more than one protocol is used. Because most carriers charge for each virtual circuit, customers try to avoid using multiple circuits because it adds unnecessary cost. It is commonly used in conjunction with Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet PPPoE and Point to Point Protocol over ATM PPPoA which are used in various xDSL implementations. Category Internet standards pt Multiplexa o de circuito virtual ... more details
multiplexing DWDM uses the same transmission window but with denser channel spacing. Channel plans ... band , more or less doubling these numbers. Coarse wavelength division multiplexing CWDM in contrast .... Coarse WDM Originally, the term coarse wavelength division multiplexing was fairly generic ... passive optical multiplexing device. Passive CWDM is an implementation of CWDM that uses no electrical ... wavelength division multiplexing DWDM refers originally to optical signals multiplexed within the 1550 ... depending on vendor. It essentially performs some relatively simple time division multiplexing of lower ... SELFOC Microlens SFP transceiver Spectrometer Time division multiplexing References references ... multiplexing technology and its application , Journal of Lightwave Technology, Volume 2, Issue ... Division Multiplexing Techniques for High Capacity and Multiple Access Communication Systems ..., Part 11 Frequency division multiplexing . hoc. IEEE, vol. 58, p. 1683, October 1970. DEFAULTSORT Wavelength Division Multiplexing Category Fiber optics Category Multiplexing Category Channel ... fr Multiplexage en longueur d onde id Wavelength division multiplexing it Wavelength Division Multiplexing he Wavelength Division Multiplexing nl Golflengtemultiplexing ... more details
Modulation techniques Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. OFDM has developed into a popular scheme for wideband digital communication , whether wireless or over copper wires, used in applications such as digital television and audio broadcasting, DSL broadband internet access , wireless networks, and 4G mobile communications. OFDM is essentially identical to coded OFDM COFDM and discrete multi tone modulation DMT , and is a frequency division multiplexing FDM scheme used as a digital multi carrier modulation method. A large number of closely spaced orthogonality Communications orthogonal subcarrier sub carrier signals are used to carry data . The data is divided into several parallel data streams or channels, one for each sub carrier. Each sub carrier is modulated with a conventional modulation scheme such as quadrature amplitude modulation or phase shift keying at a low symbol rate , maintaining total data rates similar to conventional single carrier modulation schemes in the same bandwidth. The primary advantage of OFDM over single carrier schemes is its ability to cope with severe channel communications ... frequency division multiplexing FDM . Facilitates single frequency network s SFNs i.e., transmitter ... frequency division multiplexing FDM , a separate filter for each sub channel is not required. The orthogonality ... s n math is a serial stream of binary digits. By inverse multiplexing , these are first demultiplexed ... orthogonal frequency division multiplexing BST OFDM system proposed for Japan in the ISDB ... multiplexing Flash OFDM , also referred to as F OFDM, was based on OFDM and also specified higher ... ref S.Weinstein and P. Ebert, Data transmission by frequency division multiplexing using the discrete ... Division Multiplexing at http www.iss.rwth aachen.de Projekte Theo OFDM node6.html accessed ... Frequency Division Multiplexing Category Multiplexing Category Quantized radio modulation modes ... more details
STDM may refer to Time division multiplexing Statistical Time Division Multiplexing .28STDM.29 Statistical Time division Multiplexing Sociedade de Turismo e Divers es de Macau Spread Transform Dither Modulation disambig ... more details
In telecommunication , a shared medium is a transmission medium medium or channel communications channel of information transfer that serves more than one user at the same time. Most channels only function correctly when one user is transmitting, so a channel access method is always in effect. In circuit switching , each user typically gets a fixed share of the channel capacity. A multiplexing scheme divides up the channel capacity capacity of the medium. Common multiplexing schemes include time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing . Channel access methods for circuit switching include time division multiple access , frequency division multiple access , etc. In packet switching , the sharing is more dynamic &mdash each user takes up little or none of the capacity when idle, and can utilize the entire capacity if transmitting while all other users are idle. Channel access methods for packet switching include carrier sense multiple access , token passing , etc. Category Multiplexing Telecomm term stub ... more details
CXR may mean Charing Cross Road , a street in London London, United Kingdom Chest X ray , a projection radiograph of the thorax Christmas Island via ISO 3166 1 country code Carrier, in US telephony jargon, in the sense of frequency division multiplexing and time division multiplexing , and the equipment or office that uses these techniques Cam Ranh International Airport , IATA code CXR disambig de CXR fr CXR lt CXR ... more details
Container format may refer to Recording format , for holding analog or digitally recorded data on a recording medium Container format digital , for holding digitally encoded data in the form of a software data file Modulation Carrier signal format , for holding data during active wireless transmission Multiplexing Multiplexing format , for combining data for active transmission Types of Shipping container Types of shipping containers shipping containers disambig ... more details
context date December 2009 unreferenced date December 2009 The Digital Signal 4 NA DS4 NA is a 139.264 Mbit s aggregate multiplexing multiplexed signal, equivalent to 3 Digital Signal 3 s or 2,016 Digital Signal 0 s. The high end and long haul telecommunication carriers use this size of channel capacity. It is unlikely that a DS4 would ever be installed at a customer location. Category Telecommunications standards Category Multiplexing ... more details
Multiple issues confusing May 2009 context May 2009 unreferenced May 2009 Wavelength Division Multiple Access WDMA is a channel access method based on wavelength division multiplexing . Channel access methods electronics stub comm stub it WDMA ... more details
In telecommunications , a channel bank is a device that performs multiplexing or demultiplexing of a group of communications channels, such as analog or digital telephone line s, into one channel of higher Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth or higher digital bit rate , such as a Digital Signal 1 DS 1 T1 circuit. A channel bank may be located in a telephone exchange , or in an enterprise s telephone closet or enclosure where it breaks out individual telephone lines from a high capacity telephone trunk line connected to the central telephone office, or the enterprise s private branch exchange PBX system. See also Multiplexer Multiplexing Digital Signal 1 Carrier system Category Telecommunications systems Category Communication circuits Category Multiplexing ... more details
wires. In the 1920s, frequency division multiplexing could carry several circuits on the same balanced ... equipment by using time division multiplexing . This work led to T carrier and similar digital systems ... used Frequency division multiplexing FDM until the late 1970s when optical fiber was improved to the point ... long lines.net tech equip misc J Carrier.html J carrier Category Multiplexing pl System zwielokrotnienia ... more details
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