- TFI-5
Merge to TDM Fabric to Framer Interface date June 2011 Context date September 2009 TFI 5 is a standardized TDM Fabric to Framer Interface by the Optical Internetworking Forum OIF that allow framer and switch components from multiple vendors to inter operate facilitating the development of add drop multiplexers, TDM cross connect and grooming switches. the standard includes link integrity monitoring, connection management and mapping mechanisms for both SONET SDH and non SONET SDH clients such as Ethernet and Fibre Channel . ref name light http www.lightreading.com document.asp?doc id 41290 OIF Approves TFI 5 Interface , retrieved 2007 ref The main application of TFI 5 is for Time division multiplexing TDM . this contrast with other OFI standards such SPI 5 which target packet cell applications. ref name light OFI level 5 standards that covered interfaces of 40 Gbit s. ref name light See also Time division multiplexing TDM SFI 5 Optical Internetworking Forum Framer References reflist Category Multiplexing compu hardware stub ... more details
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- Route reestablishment notification
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 orphan February 2007 context October 2009 In communications protocol s which use Time domain multiplexing , Route reestablishment notification RRN , refers to Route reestablishment notification. DEFAULTSORT Route Reestablishment Notification Category Telecommunications terms Telecomm term stub ... more details
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- Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
Merge to Code division multiple access date July 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In data communications, Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access or SCDMA , is a channel access method based on spread spectrum code division multiple access . See also TD SCDMA Channel access methods Category Multiplexing Telecomm stub ... more details
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- TDM Fabric to Framer Interface
Merge from TFI 5 date June 2011 Context date October 2009 TDM Fabric to Framer Interface is abbreviated as TDM. Some commonly used TDM variants include TFI 4 TFI 5 See also Optical Internetworking Forum Category Multiplexing Compu stub ... more details
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- Qeyton Systems
Infobox Company type Subsidiary foundation Sweden location Sweden industry Computer networking parent Cisco Systems Qeyton Systems is a wavelength division multiplexing company based in the Sweden . It was acquired by Cisco Systems on May 12, 2000. Category Companies of Sweden Category Cisco Systems acquisitions Category Software companies of Sweden tech company stub ... more details
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- Digital multiplex hierarchy
Unreferenced date January 2008 In telecommunication s, a digital multiplex hierarchy is a hierarchy consisting of an ordered repetition of tandem digital multiplexer s that produce signals of successively higher data rates at each level of the hierarchy. Digital multiplexing hierarchies may be implemented in many different configurations depending on a the number of channels desired, b the Signalling telecommunication signaling system to be used, and c the bit rate allowed by the telecommunication communications media. Some currently available digital multiplexers have been designated as Digital Signal Designation Dl , DS , or M series , all of which operate at T carrier rates. In the design of digital multiplex hierarchies, care must be exercised to ensure interoperability of the multiplexers used in the hierarchy. See also Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy References FS1037C MS188 Category Multiplexing ... more details
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- Digroup
Orphan date February 2009 Digroup is an abbreviation for digital group. In telephony , a basic digital multiplexing group. In the North American and Japanese T carrier digital hierarchies, each digroup supports 12 PCM voice channels or their equivalent in other services. The DS1 Line electrical engineering line rate 2 digroups plus overhead bits is 1.544 Mbit s, supporting 24 voice channels or their equivalent in other services. In the E carrier European hierarchy, each digroup supports 15 PCM channels or their equivalent in other services. The DS1 line rate 2 digroups plus overhead bits is 2.048 Mbit s, supporting 30 voice channels or their equivalent in other services. References FS1037C Category Multiplexing ... more details
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- Equivalent pulse code modulation noise
In telecommunication , equivalent pulse code modulation noise PCM is the amount of thermal noise Power physics power on a frequency division multiplexing FDM or wire channel communications channel necessary to approximate the same judgment of speech quality created by quantizing noise in a Pulse code modulation PCM channel. Note 1 The speech quality judgment is based on comparative tests. Note 2 Generally, 33.5 dBrnC 2.5 decibel dB is considered the approximate equivalent PCM noise of a 7 bit PCM system . References FS1037C MS188 Category Multiplexing Category Noise telecomm stub ... more details
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- Channelized
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 For information regarding watercourses that have been channelized Channelization disambiguation Channelized in a telecommunications environment means that the telephone line line that communications have been transmitted over contains more than one message thread, separated in some fashion. Typical channelization methods include packet information technology packet izing, frequency division multiplexing frequency differentiation , Time division multiple access time division multiplexing See also Channel communications Category Communication circuits Telecommunications stub ... more details
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- ABNT NBR 15603
of the SBTVD standards that describes in detail aspects regarding Multiplexing and service information ... freely in English, Spanish and Portuguese at ABNT s website. Introduction The multiplexing and SI ... de Normas T cnicas ref , the ABNT NBR 15603 1 2007 Digital terrestrial television Multiplexing and service ... television Multiplexing and service information SI Part 2 Data structure and definition of SI basic Information and ABNT NBR 15603 3 2007 Digital terrestrial television Multiplexing and service information SI Part 3 Syntax and definition of SI extended information. The multiplexing and SI standard ... broadcast services. The multiplexing and SI standard is very similar to ARIB equivalent keeping ... officially available at ABNT website. Summary The multiplexing and SI requirements established ... of the multiplexing and SI standards are described in detail in documents ABNT NBR 15603 1 2007 Digital terrestrial television Multiplexing and service information SI Part 1 SI for digital broadcasting systems ABNT NBR 15603 2 2007 Digital terrestrial television Multiplexing and service information ... television Multiplexing and service information SI Part 3 Syntax and definition of SI extended ... more details
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- Inverse multiplexer
the distinction between multiplexing and inverse multiplexing. When small cargoes such as pencil ... multiple containers aboard a container ship . Each step is a multiplexing. Conversely a large cargo ... in the correct order at the destination. This is inverse multiplexing. See also Bonding protocol Inverse Multiplexing for ATM Link aggregation Multiplexer demultiplexer Point to Point Protocol Multilink PPP Multilink PPP Virtual concatenation Category Multiplexing da Demultiplekser ... more details
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- Frequency grid
Context date October 2009 A frequency grid is a table of all the central frequencies and corresponding wavelengths of channels allowed in a communications system. The most common frequency grid used for Fiber optic communication is that used for channel spacing in wavelength division multiplexing Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing DWDM at wavelengths around 1550 nm and defined by ITU T G.694.1 ref ITU T G.694.1, Spectral grids for WDM applications DWDM frequency grid http www.itu.int rec T REC G.694.1 en ITU T website ref . The grid is defined relative to 193.1THz and extends from 191.7 THz to 196.1 THz with 100 GHz spacing. While defined in frequency the grid is often expressed in terms of wavelength in which case it covers the wavelength range of 1528.77 nm to 1563.86 nm with approximately a 0.8 nm channel spacing. For practical purposes the grid has been extended to cover 186 THz to 201 THz and sub divided to provide 50 GHz and 25 GHz spaced grids. References references http www.telecomengineering.com downloads DWDM 20ITU 20Table 20 20100 20GHz.pdf Complete ITU Grid Table for 100Ghz spacing http web.archive.org web 20070927225305 http www.ntt.co.jp tr 0306 files ntr200306085.pdf International Standardization Activities on Optical Interfaces Category Multiplexing ... more details
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- Dynamic bandwidth allocation
Expert subject Telecommunications date November 2008 Unreferenced date February 2008 Dynamic bandwidth allocation is a technique by which traffic bandwidth in a shared telecommunications medium can be allocated on demand and fairly between different users of that bandwidth. This is a form of bandwidth management , and is essentially the same thing as statistical multiplexing . disputed inline Merge with statistical multiplexing? date April 2012 Where the sharing of a link adapts in some way to the instantaneous traffic demands of the nodes connected to the link. Dynamic bandwidth allocation takes advantage of several attributes of shared networks 1 all users are typically not connected to the network at one time 2 even when connected, users are not transmitting data or voice or video at all times 3 most traffic is bursty there are gaps between packets of information that can be filled with other user traffic Different network protocols implement dynamic bandwidth allocation in different ways. These methods are typically defined in Standardization standard s developed by standards bodies such as the ITU , IEEE , FSAN , or IETF . One example is defined in the ITU G.983 specification for passive optical network PON . See also Statistical multiplexing Channel access method Reservation ALOHA R ALOHA Dynamic channel allocation Channel access methods Category Telecommunications Category Computer networking Category Radio resource management ... more details
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- Voiceband
Merge to Voice frequency discuss Talk Voice frequency date November 2010 Unreferenced date October 2006 In electronics , voiceband means the typical human hearing frequency range that is from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. In telephony , it means the frequency range normally transmitted by a telephone line , generally about 200 3600 Hz. Frequency division multiplexing in telephony normally uses 4 kHz carrier spacing. The roll off rate, or rate at which the amplitude of a signal drops off near the upper and lower limits can vary with the design of the band pass filter s. The question of frequency spacing was addressed at an international meeting in the 1930s. Germany and Britain favored 2 kHz spacing, while the Netherlands and some other countries preferred 6 kHz. The question was compromised at the American position, which was the 4 kHz spacing that remained standard and also fixed the standard PCM sample rate at 8 kHz, which in turn defines what voiceband means for this purpose. The abandonment of in band signaling in the late 20th century made available a larger voiceband for modem s and voices. See also A weighting Telephony Frequency division multiplexing Time division multiplexing Hearing sense Category Telephony ... more details
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- Customer office terminal
Orphan date February 2009 In telecommunication s, the term customer office terminal has the following meanings 1. Termination equipment that a is located on the customer premises and b performs a function that may be integrated into the common carrier equipment. Note An example of a customer office terminal is a stand alone multiplexer located on the customer premises. 2. The digital loop carrier DLC multiplexing function that is near the exchange termination ET when provided by a stand alone multiplexer. Note This function may be integrated into the ET. References FS1037C Category Telecommunications equipment ... more details
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- Video teleconferencing unit
A video teleconferencing unit VTU is a piece of electrical equipment that performs videoconferencing functions, such as the Entropy encoding coding and decoding of Sound recording and reproduction audio and video signals and multiplexing of video, audio, data , and control signals, and that usually does not include Input Output I O devices, cryptographic devices, network interface equipment, network connections, or the communications network to which the unit is connected. See also Videotelephony References FS1037C MS188 Category Videotelephony Category Telecommunications equipment telecomm stub ... more details
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- DHEC
Other uses Orphan date February 2009 Context date October 2009 A DHEC is part of a telecommunications circuit identifier, usually associated with Digital Signal 1 T1s or primary rate interface PRIs . http www.fairpoint.com Images Wholesale Partner Technical Guide DUF tcm52 4895.pdf Fairpoint technical guide DEFAULTSORT Dhec Category Multiplexing Category Identifiers comm stub ... more details
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- Optical line termination
An optical line termination OLT , also called an optical line terminal , is a device which serves as the service provider endpoint of a passive optical network . It provides two main functions to perform conversion between the electrical signals used by the service provider s equipment and the fiber optic signals used by the passive optical network. to coordinate the multiplexing between the conversion devices on the other end of that network called either optical network terminal s or optical network unit s . The diagram below depicts an OLT within a fiber optic network. File Client side Line Side Defns.jpg thumb OLT & ONU in Fiber Optic Network Features Cleanup date October 2010 OLTs include the following features A downstream frame processing means for receiving and churning an asynchronous transfer mode cell to generate a downstream frame, and converting a parallel data of the downstream frame into a serial data thereof. A wavelength division multiplexing means for performing an electro optical conversion of the serial data of the downstream frame and performing a wavelength division multiplexing thereof. A upstream frame processing means for extracting data from the wavelength division multiplexing means, searching an overhead field, delineating a slot boundary, and processing a physical layer operations administration and maintenance PLOAM cell and a divided slot separately. A control signal generation means for performing a media access control MAC protocol and generating variables and timing signals used for the downstream frame processing means and the upstream frame processing means. A control means for controlling the downstream frame processing means and the upstream frame processing means by using the variables and the timing signals from the control signal generation means. Category Fiber optic communications Category Telecommunications equipment fr Optical Line Termination ... more details
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- TEQ
TEQ is an acronym for Time domain equalizer , in Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing . Tax equalization Terra Est Quaestuosa , an online, text based real time strategy game Toxic equivalent dioxin for List of dioxins dioxins Tradable Energy Quotas Tekirda orlu Airport it may also refer to teq , the international code for the Temein language in ISO 639 3 disambig de TEQ fr TEQ it TEQ ... more details
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- G.704
G.704 is an ITU T standard for synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44 736 kbit s hierarchical levels. G.704 gives functional characteristics of interfaces associated with network nodes, in particular, synchronous digital multiplex equipment and digital exchanges in IDNs for telephony and ISDNs and PCM multiplexing equipment. External links http www.itu.int rec T REC G.704 e Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and 44 736 kbit s hierarchical levels Category ITU T recommendations ... more details
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- DS1C
Orphan date September 2011 Unreferenced date December 2009 Merge to Digital Signal 1 date February 2010 DSIC is a digital signal equivalent to two Digital Signal 1 s, with extra bit s to conform to a signaling standard of 3.152 Mbit s. Few if any of these circuit capacities are still in use today. In the early days of digital and data transmission, the 3 Mbit s data rate was used to link mainframe computers together. The physical side of this circuit is called TIC. Category Telecommunications standards Category Multiplexing ... more details
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- Alien wavelength
In the context of wavelength division multiplexing , an alien wavelength is a coloured optical signal that is originated from equipment not under the direct control of the transmission network operator. ref cite web url http www.ja.net development optical networking alien waves.html title Alien Wavelengths publisher JANET accessdate 2011 04 01 ref References reflist See also Dark fiber Category Fiber optic communications network stub ... more details
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- Multiplex baseband
In telecommunication , the term multiplex baseband has the following meanings 1. In frequency division multiplexing , the frequency band radio band occupied by the aggregate of the signals in the line electrical engineering line interconnecting the multiplexing and radio or line equipment. 2. In frequency division multiplexed carrier wave carrier systems, at the input to any stage of frequency translation , the frequency band occupied. Note For example, the output of a group multiplexer consists of a band of frequencies from 60 kHz to 108 kHz. This is the group level baseband that results from combining 12 voice frequency input channels, having a Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth of 4 kHz each, including guard bands. In turn, 5 groups are multiplexed into a super group having a baseband of 312 kHz to 552 kHz. This baseband, however, does not represent a group level baseband. Ten super groups are in turn multiplexed into one master group, the output of which is a baseband that may be used to modulate a microwave frequency carrier. FS1037C MS188 telecomm stub Category Telecommunications ... more details
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- Multiplex
wiktionary multiplex tocright Multiplex may refer to Science and engineering Multiplexing , combining many signals into a single transmission circuit or channel Multiplexer , an electronic device that accomplishes multiplexing Multiplex assay , a laboratory procedure in molecular biology Entertainment Multiplex movie theater , a large number of screens, also called a megaplex Multiplex TV , a group of digital TV or radio channels that are mixed together for broadcast Multiplex webcomic , an online comic about the staff of a movie theater Businesses Brookfield Multiplex , an Australian based group of property and construction companies Multiplex Modellsport , a manufacturer of radio control equipment and radio controlled airplanes Other Concurrency road , a single physical road designated by two or more different highway numbers Plywood , a covering material made by bonding layers of veneer wood Multiplex juggling , with multiple balls thrown caught at one time by the same hand disambig cs Multiplex da Multipleks de Multiplex fr Multiplex it Multiplex nl Multiplex pl Multipleks ru sk Multiplex ... more details
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- TDM-to-packet conversion
Orphan date November 2006 TDM to packet conversion is the process of converting a digital signal in Time division multiplexing TDM format typically a 64 Kbit second signal encoded with law algorithm mu law or A law compression into packets typically Real time Transport Protocol RTP packets for carrying over a packet network such as the Internet . This process is also known as the Jesus Conversion. Citation needed date October 2011 The conversion process may include recoding with a different codec , silence suppression, comfort noise generation and other tricks that can decrease the bandwidth requirement or improve the perceived voice quality of the result. Note that this is a conversion of the signal, not a tunnelling, unlike TDMoIP TDM over IP , which aims at transporting a TDM signal unchanged across an IP network. See also Voice over IP . References http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0,2542,t TDMtopacket conversion&i 52631,00.asp PCMag encyclopedia of IT terms http www.opentsp.com products.html TDM to packet conversion on STM 1 level Category Multiplexing ... more details
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