ref improve date November 2011 Mutualauthentication or two way authentication sometimes written as 2WAY authentication refers to two parties authenticating each other suitably. In technology terms, it refers to a client or user authenticating themselves to a server and that server authenticating itself to the user in such a way that both parties are assured of the others identity. When describing online authentication processes, mutualauthentication is often referred to as website to user authentication, or site to user authentication. Typically, this is done for a client process and a server process without user interaction. Mutual Secure Sockets Layer SSL provides the same things as SSL, with the addition of authentication and non repudiation of the client authentication, using digital signatures. However, due to issues with complexity, cost, logistics, and effectiveness, most web applications are designed so they do not require client side certificates. As the Financial Services Technology Consortium put it in its January 2005 report, Better institution to customer authentication would prevent attackers from successfully impersonating financial institutions to steal customers account credentials and better customer to institution authentication would prevent attackers from successfully ... authentication.html more New Generation of Mutual Phone Authentication http developers.sun.com prodtech appserver reference techart mutual auth.html MutualAuthentication for Web Services A Live Example http www.howtoforge.com prevent phishing with mutualauthentication How to prevent phishing with mutualauthentication How to stop phishing with mutualauthentication http www.solidpass.com authentication methods mutual authentication.html MutualAuthentication as a mobile application based security token. Category Authentication methods Category Computer access control computer security ... Computer security Secure channel Digital signature Mobile signature Two factor authentication Pharming ... more details
For other uses of the terms authentication , authentic and authenticity Authenticity disambiguation Authenticity Refimprove date September 2010 cleanup reason Discusses only entity authentication and no other aspects of authentication regarding communication security. Authentication methods and History ... 2010 Authentication from Lang el real or genuine, from authentes author ... is what its packaging and labeling claims to be. Authentication methods Main Provenance In art ... of history. There are three types of techniques for doing this. The first type authentication is accepting ... and the object under assessment as his artifact respectively. The second type authentication .... Certificates can, however, also be forged and the authentication of these pose a problem. For instance ..., depending on the risk of getting caught. The third type authentication relies on documentation or other .... Currency and other financial instruments commonly use the first type of authentication method .... Consumer goods such as pharmaceuticals, perfume, fashion clothing can use either type of authentication ... identifying feature which aids consumers in the identification of genuine brand name goods. Authentication ..., based on what are known as the factors of authentication something you know, something you have, or something you are. Each authentication factor covers a range of elements used to authenticate ... two, and preferably all three, factors be verified. ref Cite web url http www.ffiec.gov pdf authentication guidance.pdf title Authentication in an Internet Banking Environment author Federal Financial ... , face, voice, unique bio electric signals, or other biometric identifier . Two factor authentication Main Two factor authentication When elements representing two factors are required for identification, the term two factor authentication is applied. . e.g. a bankcard something the user has and a PIN ... a two factor authentication. Product authentication File GatewayTracingHologramLabel.jpg thumb A Security ... more details
wiktionary Mutual may refer to Mutual organization , where customers derive a right to profits and votes Mutual information , the intersection of multiple information sets Mutual insurance , where policyholders have certain ownership rights in the organization Mutual fund , a professionally managed form of collective investments Mutual Film , early American motion picture conglomerate, the producers of some of Charlie Chaplin s greatest comedies Mutual Broadcasting System , a defunct U.S. radio network Mutual Improvement Association , a youth program of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Mutualauthentication , used in cryptography Place names Mutual, Maryland , a community in the United States Mutual, Ohio , a village in the United States Mutual railway station in Cape Town, South Africa See also Mutualism disambiguation Reciprocal disambiguation disambig de Mutual fr Mutualisme nl Mutual pl Mutual pt Mutual vo Mutual ... more details
Context date October 2009 Access Authentication in CDMA networks a.k.a. CAVE based Authentication IS 95 1xRTT , A12 Authentication 1xEV DO Authentication of a mobile device by the serving access network. The access authentication mechanism employed depends upon the type of service being used CAVE based Authentication Used for access authentication in CDMA 1xRTT Authentication and Key Agreement AKA 3G successor to CAVE based authentication A12 Authentication Used for access authentication in 1xEV DO Note that 1xEV DO Hybrid MS AT devices may employ both CAVE based and A12 authentication since these devices connect to both the 1xRTT and 1xEV DO networks. Category Code division multiple access ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An authentication protocol is a type of cryptographic protocol with the purpose of authentication authenticating entities wishing to communicate securely. There are many different authentication protocols such as AKA security AKA CAVE based authentication Challenge handshake authentication protocol CHAP CRAM MD5 Diameter protocol Diameter Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Host Identity Protocol HIP Kerberos protocol Kerberos MS CHAP and MS CHAPv2 variants of CHAP LAN Manager NTLM , also known as NT LAN Manager Password authenticated key agreement protocols Password Authentication Protocol PAP Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol PEAP RADIUS Secure Remote Password protocol SRP TACACS and TACACS RFID Authentication Protocols Woo Lam 92 protocol DEFAULTSORT Authentication Protocol Category Computer access control protocols computer security stub Compu network stub ... more details
Mergeto multi factor authentication date November 2009 Strong authentication is a notion with several unofficial definitions is not standardized in the security literature. Often, strong authentication is associated with two factor authentication or more generally multi factor authentication. Soliciting multiple answers to challenge questions may be considered strong authentication but, unless the process also retrieves something you have or something you are , it would not be considered multi factor. The FFIEC issued supplemental guidance on this subject in August 2006, in which they clarified, By definition true multifactor authentication requires the use of solutions from two or more of the three categories of factors. Using multiple solutions from the same category ... would not constitute multifactor authentication. Another commonly found class of definitions relates to a cryptographic process, or more precisely authentication based on a challenge response protocol. This type of definition is found in the Handbook of applied cryptography. ref Handbook of applied cryptography, Alfred J. Menezes, Paul C. van Oorschot and Scott A. Vanstone, CRC Press. Available in electronic format at http www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca hac ref This type of definition does not necessarily relate to two factor authentication, since the secret key used in a challenge response authentication scheme can be simply derived from a password one factor . A third class of definitions says that strong authentication is any form of authentication in which the verification is accomplished without the transmission of a password . Citation needed date October 2009 This is the case for example with the definition found in the Fermilab documentation. ref Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy . http www.fnal.gov docs strongauth ref Thus, the term strong authentication ... For Open Authentication References reflist DEFAULTSORT Strong Authentication Category Theory of cryptography ... more details
Context date October 2009 A12 Authentication Access Authentication for Evolution Data Optimized 1xEV DO is a Challenge handshake authentication protocol CHAP based mechanism used by a CDMA2000 Access Network AN to authenticate a 1xEV DO Access Terminal AT . A12 authentication occurs when an AT first attempts to access the AN and is repeated after some authentication timeout period. The element in the AN that performs this authentication is the Radio Network Controller RNC using its Access Network AAA protocol AAA AN AAA . In order to support A12 authentication, matching A12 credentials i.e., an A12 Network Address Identifier NAI and A12 CHAP key must be provisioned into the AT and the user s home AAA server. Since these credentials are only shared between the AT and its home AAA, the AN AAA forwards A12 challenge responses received from an AT to its home AAA to determine whether they are correct. A12 authentication is separate from packet data authentication that may occur later when a data session is being established. A12 authentication is important for roaming since all participating operators in the IRT have agreed to support it. If A12 credentials are not provisioned into an AT, that AT will not be able to access any visited network that performs A12 authentication. In addition, the Mobile Node Identifier MN ID is obtained from the AN AAA during successful A12 authentication. This MN ID is used by the AN on the A8 A9 and A10 A11 interfaces to enable handoffs of Packet Data Serving Node PDSN packet data sessions between ANs and between 1xEV DO and CDMA2000 1xRTT systems. If A12 authentication is not performed, the MN ID must be somehow derived and such handoffs may not be possible without establishing a new Point to Point Protocol PPP session. A12 authentication is defined in TIA 878 3GPP2 A.S0008 . For information about A12 authentication in roaming, see CDG Reference Document 136. Category Code division multiple access ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Authentication servers are Server computing server s that provide authentication services to user computing users or systems other systems via networking. Remotely placed users and other servers authenticate to such a server, and receive cryptographic tickets. These tickets are then exchanged with one another to verify digital identity identity . Authentication is used as the basis for authorization determining whether a privilege will be granted to a particular user or process computing process , privacy keeping information from becoming known to non participants , and non repudiation not being able to deny having done something that was authorized to be done based on the authentication . The major authentication algorithm s utilized are password s, Kerberos protocol Kerberos , and public key encryption . See also TACACS RADIUS Multi factor authentication DEFAULTSORT Authentication Server Category Computer network security Category Servers computing Compu network stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2007 E authentication is a shorthand for electronic authentication . Authentication ... to support e authentication is regarded as an important component in successful e Government. ref http www.agimo.gov.au infrastructure authentication Australian Government Information Management Office . ref Poor coordination and poor technical design might be major barriers to electronic authentication ... there has been established nationwide common e authentication schemes to ease the reuse of digital ... e auth v07.pdf An overview of International Initiatives in the field of Electronic Authentication ... for electronic authentication, in order to establish common levels of trust and possibly interoperability between different authentication schemes. ref http www.finance.gov.au e government security and authentication Australia , http e com.ic.gc.ca epic site ecic ceac.nsf en h gv00090e.html Canada , http www.whitehouse.gov omb memoranda fy04 m04 04.pdf US M04 04 . ref In the US E Authentication ... people to access. The E Authentication service enables you to get access to government services online ... credential issuers such as Web sites and digital certificate issuers , E Authentication is providing .... E Authentication is a government wide partnership that is supported by the agencies that comprise ... agency partner. E Authentication works through an association with a trusted credential issuer, making it necessary for the user to login into the issuer s site to obtain the authentication credentials. Those credentials or E Authentication ID are then transferred the supporting government web site causing authentication. E Authentication was created in response of an inter governmental memorandum ... and agencies when implementing E Authentication. See also E democracy E participation E Government Unit Electronic authentication Electronic services delivery eRulemaking Online consultation Online ... US government E Authentication Web Site http www.whitehouse.gov omb memoranda fy04 m04 ... more details
BSD Authentication , otherwise known as BSD Auth, is an authentication software framework framework and software API employed by some Unix like operating system s, specifically OpenBSD and BSD OS , and accompanying System software system and Application software application software such as OpenSSH and Apache HTTP Server Apache . It originated with BSD OS and although the specification and implementation were donated to the FreeBSD project by BSDi , ultimately OpenBSD chose to adopt the framework in release 2.9. Pluggable Authentication Modules PAM serves a similar purpose on other operating systems such as Linux , FreeBSD and NetBSD . BSD Auth performs authentication by executing scripts or programs as separate Process computing process es from the one requiring the authentication. This prevents the child authentication process from interfering with the parent except through a narrowly defined inter process communication API, a technique inspired by the principle of least privilege and known as privilege separation . This behaviour has significant security benefits, notably improved Fail safe fail safeness of software, and robustness against malicious and accidental software bug s. ref name privsep cite conference author Niels Provos , CITI, University of Michigan Markus Friedl, GeNUA mbH Peter Honeyman, CITI, University of Michigan date 2003 url http www.usenix.org events sec03 tech provos et al.html title Preventing Privilege Escalation booktitle Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Security Symposium pages 231 242 ref PAM uses an alternative system where the modules providing authentication are Library computer science dynamically linked into the requesting process. This method is considered to be more flexible than BSD Auth Fact date February 2007 , but does not provide privilege ... Authentication system man 3 bsd auth OpenBSD interface to the BSD Authentication system Category BSD Category Computer access control frameworks Category Unix authentication related software ... more details
Cleanup date March 2008 unreferenced date March 2008 Transaction authentication generally refers to the Internet based security method of securely identifying a user through two or three factor authentication Two factor authentication something you know plus something you have and or something you are at a transaction level, rather than at the traditional Session or Logon level. An internet banking application may allow a customer to perform numerous transactions within the single session and hence each, or selected transactions, will require the user to re authenticate themselves using the appropriate two or three factor authentication method see Two factor authentication . Authentication, no matter how strong the method s used cannot protect against so called Man in the Middle MitM or Man in the Browser Man in the Browser MitB attacks. This differs from Transaction verification , also an Internet based security method, which is specifically designed to combat so called Man in the Middle MitM and Man in the Browser Man in the Browser MitB attacks through not only authenticating the identity of the user, but also verifying the integrity of the actual content of the transaction, i.e. ensuring it has not been altered by one of these fraudulent techniques. Category Computer access control computer security stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Electronic authentication E authentication is the process of establishing confidence in user identities electronically presented to an information system . E authentication presents a technical challenge when this process involves the remote authentication of individual people over a network, for the purpose of electronic government and commerce. E Authentication Model E authentication is the process of establishing confidence in user identities electronically presented ... is authorized to perform an electronic transaction. In most cases, the authentication and transaction ... may be limited and access control decisions may take this into account. E authentication begins ... that the RA has verified. The token and credential may be used in subsequent authentication events ... successfully demonstrates possession and control of a token in an on line authentication to a verifier through an Challenge handshake authentication protocol authentication protocol , the verifier can ... decisions. Subscribers, RAs and CSPs In the conceptual e authentication model, a claimant in an authentication ... that may be used to authenticate the claimant s identity. In e authentication, the claimant authenticates to a system or application over a network. Therefore, a token used for e authentication ... key and learn the password to use the token. Authentication systems are often categorized by the number of factors that they incorporate. The three factors often considered as the cornerstone of authentication ... the subject of the credentials. When these paper credentials are presented in person, authentication ... authenticates his or her identity to a verifier by the use of a token and an authentication ..., with no knowledge of the token before the authentication protocol run, learns nothing about the token ... the verifier and the relying party are separate entities, the verifier must convey the result of the authentication ... is called an assertion. See also Guide to E payments DEFAULTSORT Electronic Authentication ... more details
Geospatial Authentication A software package that has been designed to allow authentication for determining if the rover s is are within a set of boundaries or a specific area to access critical geospatial information by using GPS signal structures as a means to authenticate mobile devices into a network wirelessly and in real time has been developed. The advantage lies in that the system only allows those with designated geospatial boundaries or areas into the server. The Geospatial Authentication software has two parts Server and Client. The server software is a virtual private network VPN developed in Linux operating system using Perl programming language. The server can be a stand alone VPN server or can be combined with other applications and services. The client software is a GUI Windows CE software, or Mobile Graphical Software, that allows users to authenticate into a network. The purpose of the client software is to pass the needed satellite information to the server for authentication. This work was done by Stacey D. Lyle of Geospatial Research Innovation Design for John C. Stennis Space Center NASA s Stennis Space Center . External links Wiktionary http www.techbriefs.com component content article 5170 NASA Tech Briefs Source of Research Category Authentication methods ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2007 Violin authentication is the process of determining the maker and date of a violin . Multiple references may be required to assist in the process of authentication. This is often employed to combat fraudulent practices such as violin forgery and other forms of misrepresentation. Motivation for authentication Much of the price of a fine violin is determined not just by the quality of the instrument, but by the maker. Names like Amati , Guarneri , and Stradivari have become synonymous with excellence in craftsmanship and tone. Relatively unknown makers, capable of producing above average violins, know that they might be able to command tremendous prices simply by affixing the label of one of these early makers to the instruments of their making. The temptation has been, at times, irresistible. In its newest incarnation, however, instrument fraud appears to have shifted away from the production of clever fakes. The practice of merely misrepresenting the quality of the instrument is on the rise. To combat these and other such practices, the buyer may do well to consult an authenticator to confirm the maker, date, quality and price before purchasing an instrument, particularly when there are huge sums of money at stake. Authentication process Authenticating a violin is a multifaceted process that addresses two issues surrounding the authenticity of an instrument the year in which it was manufactured, and the maker essentially the information found on the label . To confirm these two attributes, the authenticator may employ several different techniques. The key to authentication is the idea that there is no single feature of a violin that exists independently of another. This implies that knowing the date narrows the number of makers, just as knowing the maker narrows the field of dates. External links http www.si.edu Encyclopedia SI nmah violappr.htm General Information on Obtaining Authentication and Appraisal of Violins Smithsonian Institution ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Evidence law Authentication , in the law of evidence law evidence , is the process by which documentary evidence and other physical evidence is proven to be genuine, and not a forgery. Generally, authentication can be shown in one of two ways. First, a witness can testify as to the chain of custody through which the evidence passed from the time of the discovery up until the trial. Second, the evidence can be authenticated by the opinion of an expert witness examining the evidence to determine if it has all of the properties that it would be expected to have if it were authentic. For handwriting handwritten documents, any person who has become familiar with the purported author s handwriting prior to the cause of action from which the trial arose can testify that a document is in that handwriting. There are several kinds of documents which have generally been deemed to be self authenticating documents . These include commercial labels, newspapers and other periodicals, and official publications of an arm of the government. A special category of evidence called an ancient document will be deemed authentic if it can be shown to be more than twenty years old, and found in a place and condition that a document of that age would likely be found. DEFAULTSORT Authentication Law Category Evidence law see Classification of Authentication ... more details
In cryptography , deniable authentication refers to authentication between a set of participants where the participants themselves can be confident in the authenticity of the messages, but it cannot be proved to a third party after the event. In practice, deniable authentication can be achieved through the use of message authentication code s MACs by making sure that if an attacker is able to decrypt the messages, they would also know the MAC key as part of the protocol, and would thus be able to forge authentic looking messages. For example, in the Off the Record Messaging OTR protocol, MAC keys are derived from the asymmetric decryption key through a cryptographic hash function . In addition to that, the OTR protocol also reveals used MAC keys as part of the next message, when they have already been used to previously received messages and will not be re used. ref name otr cite conference author Nikita Borisov , Ian Goldberg , Eric Brewer computer scientist Eric Brewer title Off the Record Communication, or, Why Not To Use PGP booktitle Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society date 2004 10 28 url http www.cypherpunks.ca otr otr wpes.pdf format PDF accessdate 2007 02 01 ref See also Deniable encryption Plausible deniability Malleability cryptography Malleability Off the Record Messaging References Reflist Category Cryptographic protocols crypto stub ... more details
SMTP Authentication , often abbreviated SMTP AUTH , is an extension of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol whereby an SMTP client may log in , using an authentication mechanism chosen among those supported by the SMTP server. The authentication extension is mandatory for Mail submission agent submission ... for Authentication author John Gardiner Myers date April 1995 publisher IETF accessdate 2010 05 ... protocol, Extended SMTP ESMTP , and Simple Authentication and Security Layer SASL . An older SASL mechanism for ESMTP authentication ESMTPA is CRAM MD5 , and uses of the MD5 algorithm in HMAC s hash based message authentication codes are still considered sound. ref cite web url http tools.ietf.org ... extensions, SMTP AUTH is advertised in the EHLO response, along with a list of supported authentication ... S 250 AUTH GSSAPI DIGEST MD5 PLAIN C AUTH PLAIN dGVzdAB0ZXN0ADEyMzQ S 235 2.7.0 Authentication ... that imply relaying unless authentication credentials have been accepted. The specification recommends that servers issue 530 5.7.0 Authentication required in response to most commands in case the server is configured to require authentication and the client hasn t done it yet. Only servers listening ... parameter to the MAIL FROM command, so as to allow to distinguish authentication from authorization .... While the authentication doesn t need to vary, once established, different messages may be sent according ... Klensin John C. Klensin , April 2006. RFC 4422, Simple Authentication and Security Layer SASL , Alexey Melnikov and Kurt D. Zeilenga, June 2006. RFC 4954, SMTP Service Extension for Authentication , Robert Siemborski and Alexey Melnikov, July 2007. See also E mail authentication Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Mail submission agent Extended SMTP Email client Port numbers Simple Authentication and Security Layer Open mail relay POP before SMTP References reflist 2 Category Email authentication ... message access protocol authentication pl SMTP AUTH ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Key authentication is a problem that arises when using public key cryptography . It is the process of assuring that the public key of person A held by person B does in fact belong to person A . In traditional symmetric key cryptography, this problem wasn t an issue as it was implicitly assumed that some secure method of key distribution guaranteed key authenticity. Of course, this merely moved the issue back a level, to that of security of key distribution. Crypto systems using asymmetric key algorithms do not evade a related problem. That a public key can be known by all without compromising the security of an encryption algorithm for some such algorithms, though not for all is certainly useful, but does not prevent some kinds of attacks. For example, a spoofing attack in which public key A is claimed publicly to be that of user Alice, but is in fact a private key belonging to attacker Mallory, is easily possible. No public key is inherently bound to any particular user, and any user relying on a defective binding including Alice herself when she sends herself protected messages will have trouble. The simplest solution for this problem is for the two users concerned to meet face to face and exchange keys, However, for systems in which there are a large number of users or in which the users do not personally know each other eg, Internet shopping this is not practicable. The most common solution to this problem is the use of Public key certificate key certificate s and certificate authorities for them in a public key infrastructure system, The certificate authority acts as a trusted third party for the communicating users and, using cryptographic ..., or some combination of the two. However, in a significant sense, this merely moves the key authentication .... Accordingly, key authentication methods are being actively researched. See also div style moz column ... Achmed asks for trust DEFAULTSORT Key Authentication Category Key management ... more details
Inappropriate tone date December 2007 Email authentication is the effort to equip messages of the email transport system with enough verifiable information, so that recipients can recognize the nature of each incoming message automatically. It differs from content filtering . Rationale Ensuring a valid identity on an email has become a vital step in stopping spam electronic spam as email can be filtered ... publisher openspf.org http www.openspf.org mailflows l.png PNG ref Image Email Authentication 01a.png ... 587 that should always require authentication, the number of existing Received Email Header headers ... authentication greatly simplifies and automates the process of identifying senders. After identifying ... safe to expect that the MTA, being authorized, represents a form of authentication. None exclude ... to become commonplace. ref The simplest and by far most widely deployed authentication scheme begins ... Email Authentication 02a.png The procedure to authenticate is basically simple. When a request to deliver .... Use of the DNS database to register authentication information for a domain is relatively new. The new ... way as any other DNS query. Publishing authentication records in DNS is voluntary, and many domains ... authentication method like DKIM, as long as the signed message is not modified some lists do this . SPF ... modifications of the mail in addition to the mandatory tt Received tt timestamp line. Image Email Authentication ... do their own authentication. The situation gets complicated when there is more than one forwarder. A sender ... is that the regulating agencies have no authority, and the ISP s have no incentive. Authentication ... be no spam to need authentication to stop spam and so need for a CA playing cop ... willing to play cop. Authentication involving TLS, SMTP AUTH, or S MIME cannot stop backscatter ... Secure Messaging DMARC References Cite web title Email Authentication first David last MacQuigg ... 11 18 references spamming DEFAULTSORT E Mail Authentication Category Email authentication Category ... more details
monasteries and five Premonstratensian monasteries functioned as places of authentication with authority ... titles of ownership was the most frequent task carried out by places of authentication . ref name ... First documents from the 14th century attest that places of authentication were frequently involved ... of authentication to a higher officer of the realm who then required the relevant religious institution ... any objections made at this time. ref name Rady 71 The representatives of places of authentication ... more details
Mutual bank or mutual banking may refer to Mutual savings bank Cooperative banking Mutualism economic theory See also Mutual organization disambig ... more details
Mutual aid may refer to Mutual aid organization theory , a tenet of organization theories. Mutual aid emergency services , an agreement between emergency responders. Mutual Aid A Factor of Evolution , a biology book by anarchist Peter Kropotkin Mutual aid, in social work with groups . Mutual aid society , various organizations formed for the benefit of members. See also Mutualism biology , a concept of biological interaction. Mutualism economic theory , an anarchist economic theory. disambig eo Interhelpo apartigilo ... more details
Mutual coherence can refer to Mutual coherence physics , sinusoidal waves which exhibit a constant phase relationship Mutual coherence linear algebra , a property of a matrix describing the maximum correlation between its columns See also Coherence disambiguation disambig ... more details
called mutualauthentication . The weakest form of mutualauthentication generally display an image and or phrase previously selected by the user. More advanced forms of mutualauthentication exchange ... including PC configuration, Internet protocol address, geo location, and other factors. See also AuthenticationAuthentication server Dongle Hardware Security Module Identity management Initiative For Open Authentication Mobile Signature s Mutualauthentication Real time locating Real time location ...Regulatory Definition US Federal regulators consistently recognize three authentication factors blockquote Existing authentication methodologies involve three basic factors br Something the user knows ..., biometric characteristic, such as a fingerprint . br Authentication methods that depend on more ... blockquote True multi factor authentication True multi factor authentication requires the use of elements ... of something the user knows is still single factor authentication, despite the use of multiple pieces of distinct information. An example of true multi factor authentication is requiring that the user ... based financial services. The FFIEC identified three authentication factors as Something ... the use of authentication methods that depend on more than one of these three factor i.e. multifactor authentication . Note, many vendors have attempted to define multi factor authentication as utilizing .... August 15, 2006 Following the above publication, numerous authentication vendors began improperly promoting challenge questions, secret images, and other knowledge based methods as multi factor authentication ... factor authentication By definition true multifactor authentication requires the use of solutions ... approach, but it would not constitute multifactor authentication. June 22, 2011 On June 22, 2011, the FFIEC ..., Internet protocol address, geo location, and other factors. Supplement to Authentication in an Internet ... use cookie, the authentication of this one time cookie against these fingerprint elements constitutes ... more details
Infobox Company company name Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company company logo File Pennmutuallogo.gif Pennmutuallogo company type Mutual company Mutual company slogan A better way of life foundation 1847 location Horsham, Pennsylvania , USA key people Eileen McDonnell, President num employees 1,516 2009 industry Insurance Life insurance Life revenue 1.4 Billion United States USD 2009 net income 28.7 Million United States USD 2009 homepage http www.pennmutual.com www.pennmutual.com The Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company , also commonly referred to as Penn Mutual , was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1847. It was the seventh mutual insurance mutual life insurance company chartered in the United States . It is headquartered in Horsham, Pennsylvania just outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia . ref cite web title Consumer Information for Penn Mutual 2005 publisher National Association of Insurance Commissioners NAIC url http www.naic.org cis writingReport.do?entityId 7322 accessdate 2007 01 06 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref Subsidiaries include the brokerage firm Janney Montgomery Scott. See also Mutual Life Insurance Company External links http www.pennmutual.com Penn Mutual official site http www.philadelphiabuildings.org pab app pj display.cfm 141690 Philadelphia Buildings References reflist Category Insurance companies of the United States Category Mutual insurance companies Category Companies based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ... more details
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