In linguistics , mutualintelligibility is recognized as a relationship between language s or dialects ... displaying mutualintelligibility, namely, those, usually phylogeny genetically related ... two variety linguistics varieties of a single language, linguists generally use mutualintelligibility as one of the primary factors in deciding between the two cases. In fact, some linguists claim that mutual ... to a fair degree, so that in practice degrees of mutualintelligibility must be recognized and often ... on mutualintelligibility. This is the reason why the varieties of Chinese and varieties of Arabic are often considered single languages despite the fact that there is often no mutualintelligibility .... In some cases it s hard to distinguish between mutualintelligibility and a basic knowledge of other ... Elsevier . Pg. 311, In terms of immediate mutualintelligibility, the East Slavic zone is a single ... East Slavonic languages are very close to one another, with very high rates of mutualintelligibility ...?id 7LyPMzO2q60C&pg PA51&dq Dutch and german mutualintelligibility v onepage&q Dutch 20and 20german ... mutualintelligibility v onepage&q Galician 20and 20Spanish 20mutual 20intelligibility&f false ... mutualintelligibility v onepage&q&f false ref Irish language Irish Scottish Gaelic partially ... PA192&dq German and Yiddish mutualintelligibility v onepage&q German 20and 20Yiddish 20mutual 20intelligibility ... intelligibility . University of Pennsylvania. DEFAULTSORT MutualIntelligibility Category Languages ... m tua ru simple Mutualintelligibility sv msesidig begriplighet zh ... from dialect s, though sociolinguistics sociolinguistic factors are also important. Intelligibility ... as mutual . It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum . Intelligibility unreferenced section ... creoles and parent languages. Intelligibility among languages can vary between individuals or groups ... more details
Intelligibility may refer to Wiktionary Mutualintelligibility , in linguistics Intelligibility communication Intelligibility philosophy Intelligible principle a way to interpret delegation law delegation in Administrative Law . See also Immaterialism , in philosophy Incorporeal disambiguation ... more details
Other uses Intelligibility disambiguation Intelligibility In philosophy, intelligibility is what can be comprehended by the human mind . The intelligible method is thought thinking itself, or the human mind reflecting. Plato referred to the intelligible realm of mathematics , Intelligible form forms , first principles , logical Deductive reasoning deduction , and the dialectical method . The intelligible realm of thought thinking about thought does not necessarily require any visual images, sensual impressions, and material causes for the contents of mind. Descartes referred to this method of thought thinking about itself, without the possible illusions of the senses. Kant made similar claims about A priori and a posteriori a priori knowledge. A priori knowledge is claimed to be independent of the content of experience. Usage The object philosophy objects or concepts that have intelligibility may be called intelligible . There may be a distinction between everything that is intelligible and everything that is visible, called the intelligible world and the visible world in e.g. the analogy of the divided line . Examples The Absolute philosophy Absolute is generally regarded as being only partially intelligible. See also A priori and a posteriori A priori Descartes Forms Immaterialism Incorporeal Plato DEFAULTSORT Intelligibility Philosophy Category Mind philo stub de Intelligibel kk ru sv Intelligibilitet ... more details
Other uses Intelligibility disambiguation In phonetics , Intelligibility is a measure of how comprehendible speech is, or the degree to which speech can be understood. Intelligibility is affected by spoken clarity, explicitness, lucidity, comprehensibility, perspicuity, and precision. Noise levels For satisfactory communication, the average speech level should exceed that of an interfering noise by 6dB lower sound noise ratios are rarely acceptable Moore, 1997 . Manifesting in a wide frequency range, speech is quite resistant to many types of masking frequency cut off Moore reports, for example, that a band of frequencies from 1000 Hz to 2000 Hz is sufficient sentence articulation score of about 90 . class wikitable Quantity to be measured Unit of measurement Good values Speech Transmission Index STI ref http www.nti audio.com Portals 0 Products Exel XL2 Downloads NTi Audio AppNote STI PA Measurement.pdf Speech Intelligibility Measurement Methods ref Intelligibility international known > 0.6 Common Intelligibility Scale CIS Intelligibility international known > 0.78 Alcons Articulation loss popular in USA < 10 C50 Clarity index widespread in Germany > 3 dB RASTI obsolete Intelligibility international known > 0.6 Word articulation remains high even when only 1 2 of the wave is unaffected by distortion ref Moore, C.J. 1997 . An introduction to the psychology of hearing. Academic Press. 4th ed. Academic Press. London. ISBN 978 0125056281 ref Intelligibility with different types of speech Lombard speech The human brain automatically changes speech made in noise through a process called the Lombard effect . Such speech has increased intelligibility compared to normal speech. It is not only louder but the frequencies of its phonetic fundamental are increased .... ref name Johnson Notes reflist 2 External links wiktionary intelligibility http www.sengpielaudio.com calculator ALcons STI.htm Intelligibility conversion ALcons to STI and vice versa http www.acoustics.hut.fi ... more details
wiktionary Mutual may refer to Mutual organization , where customers derive a right to profits and votes Mutual information , the intersection of multiple information sets Mutual insurance , where policyholders have certain ownership rights in the organization Mutual fund , a professionally managed form of collective investments Mutual Film , early American motion picture conglomerate, the producers of some of Charlie Chaplin s greatest comedies Mutual Broadcasting System , a defunct U.S. radio network Mutual Improvement Association , a youth program of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Mutual authentication , used in cryptography Place names Mutual, Maryland , a community in the United States Mutual, Ohio , a village in the United States Mutual railway station in Cape Town, South Africa See also Mutualism disambiguation Reciprocal disambiguation disambig de Mutual fr Mutualisme nl Mutual pl Mutual pt Mutual vo Mutual ... more details
Mutual bank or mutual banking may refer to Mutual savings bank Cooperative banking Mutualism economic theory See also Mutual organization disambig ... more details
Mutual aid may refer to Mutual aid organization theory , a tenet of organization theories. Mutual aid emergency services , an agreement between emergency responders. Mutual Aid A Factor of Evolution , a biology book by anarchist Peter Kropotkin Mutual aid, in social work with groups . Mutual aid society , various organizations formed for the benefit of members. See also Mutualism biology , a concept of biological interaction. Mutualism economic theory , an anarchist economic theory. disambig eo Interhelpo apartigilo ... more details
Mutual coherence can refer to Mutual coherence physics , sinusoidal waves which exhibit a constant phase relationship Mutual coherence linear algebra , a property of a matrix describing the maximum correlation between its columns See also Coherence disambiguation disambig ... more details
Infobox Company company name Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company company logo File Pennmutuallogo.gif Pennmutuallogo company type Mutual company Mutual company slogan A better way of life foundation 1847 location Horsham, Pennsylvania , USA key people Eileen McDonnell, President num employees 1,516 2009 industry Insurance Life insurance Life revenue 1.4 Billion United States USD 2009 net income 28.7 Million United States USD 2009 homepage http www.pennmutual.com www.pennmutual.com The Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company , also commonly referred to as Penn Mutual , was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1847. It was the seventh mutual insurance mutual life insurance company chartered in the United States . It is headquartered in Horsham, Pennsylvania just outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia . ref cite web title Consumer Information for Penn Mutual 2005 publisher National Association of Insurance Commissioners NAIC url http www.naic.org cis writingReport.do?entityId 7322 accessdate 2007 01 06 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref Subsidiaries include the brokerage firm Janney Montgomery Scott. See also Mutual Life Insurance Company External links http www.pennmutual.com Penn Mutual official site http www.philadelphiabuildings.org pab app pj display.cfm 141690 Philadelphia Buildings References reflist Category Insurance companies of the United States Category Mutual insurance companies Category Companies based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox Company company name Police Mutual Assurance Society company logo File Police Mutual.jpg 103px company type Mutual organization Mutual , Friendly Society company slogan foundation 1922 location Lichfield , United Kingdom UK num employees industry Financial services products homepage http policemutual.co.uk policemutual.co.uk Police Mutual is a mutual society , dedicated to helping Serving and Retired Police Officers, Police Staff and their families with their financial wellbeing. Set up by the Police in 1922 for the financial welfare of Police Officers, Police Mutual is a leading provider of Financial Services and welfare support to the Police Service. Today, with over 210,000 members trusting them with investments, insurance and savings, Police Mutual is the UK s largest affinity friendly society . Open to both Officers and Staff, serving and retired, Police Mutual offers a full range of financial planning help and services and shares its unique insight into the Police market by collaborating with forces across the UK to promote financial health and wellbeing. ref cite book last Walker first Peter authorlink Peter N. Walker title The story of the Police Mutual Assurance Society year 1992 isbn 0951899600 publisher The Society location Lichfield ref References reflist External links http policemutual.co.uk Police Mutual website Category Insurance companies of the United Kingdom Category Friendly societies Category Mutual insurance companies ... more details
Infobox Company company name Mutual of America Life Insurance Company company logo Image Mutual of America logo.PNG 220px Mutual of America company type Mutual company Mutual company slogan Your Retirement Company foundation 1945 location 320 Park Avenue New York, New York , USA key people Thomas J. Moran , CEO num employees industry Insurance Life insurance Life revenue profit 1,713 Million United States USD 2005 net income homepage http www.mutualofamerica.com www.mutualofamerica.com Mutual of America Life Insurance Company , also referred to as Mutual of America , is a Fortune 1000 mutual company based in New York, New York . Founded in 1945, it is ranked on the Forbes 500 list as the tenth largest mutual life insurance company in the United States. ref FORTUNE 500 2006 Annual Ranking . ref Mutual of America specializes in providing pension and retirement related products, programs and services. This company also offers such products as variable universal life insurance , and group life and disability insurance . This company provides products and services for employee benefit plans of nonprofit organizations and corporations and their employees, life insurance and retirement products to individuals and mutual funds to institutional investors. Furthermore, this company distributes its products and provides support to its customers through salaried consultants located at its head office and in 36 regional field offices located across the continental United States and in Alaska and Hawaii. Notes reflist References cite web accessdate 2010 11 18 url http www.mutualofamerica.com ... Mutual of America cite web accessdate 2007 06 10 url http money.cnn.com magazines fortune fortune500 snapshots 3982.html title Mutual of America Life profile work FORTUNE 500 2006 Annual Ranking publisher CNNMoney.com DEFAULTSORT Mutual Of America Category Companies established in 1945 Category 1945 establishments in the United States Category Insurance companies of the United States Category Mutual ... more details
A mutual insurance company is an insurance company which has no shareholders but instead is owned entirely by its policyholder s. The primary form of financial business set up as a mutual company in the United States has been mutual insurance . Under this idea, what would have been Profit accounting .... A mutual , mutual organization , or mutual society is an organization which is often, but not always ... date November 2008 A mutual organization or society is often simply referred to as a mutual . This could ... of the board of directors. In a mutual insurance company, any distributed surplus funds are paid entirely ... mutual property casualty insurance industry was founded in 1752 by Benjamin Franklin when he established ... Wright 1994 1 5 cite book last Wright first Janet title The History of the National Association of Mutual ... of Mutual Insurance Companies location Indianapolis, IN pages 1 5 coauthors Virginia Wadsley, Janice Artandi ref although the mutual concept actually originated in England almost 60 years before when the first mutual fire insurer was conceived. ref name Wright 1994 1 5 In nearly every country around the globe, there are mutual property casualty insurance companies. ref cite web title Association of Mutual Insurers and Insurance Cooperatives in Europe url http www.amice eu.org worldwide.aspx publisher AMICE accessdate 24 February 2011 ref The National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies NAMIC is the only U.S. trade association representing mutual property casualty insurance companies. Since 1895, National Association of Mutual Insurance .... ref cite book last Wright first Janet title The History of the National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies, A Century of Commitment, 1895 1995 year 1994 publisher National Association of Mutual ... ref The global trade association for the industry, the International Cooperative and Mutual Insurance ... www.icmif.org members ICMIF Members list . Retrieved on March 5, 2010. ref Mutual holding companies ... more details
Infobox Company company name Grinnell Mutual company logo File GMRCLogo.png 300px company type Mutual company Mutual company slogan A Policy of Working Together foundation April 17, 1909 location Grinnell, Iowa , United States USA key people Steve Crawford, President & CEO num employees 680 industry Reinsurance , Insurance homepage http www.grinnellmutual.com www.grinnellmutual.com Grinnell Mutual Reinsurance Company is a mutual insurance mutual reinsurance company based in Grinnell, Iowa . The company operates in 12 midwest ern states reinsuring 295 mutual insurance companies. The company earned an A rating from AM Best for 2009. History In 1909, the company was formed in Greenfield, Iowa as Iowa Farmers Mutual Reinsurance Association by John Evans to provide reinsurance for county mutuals in Iowa. In 1933, the company moved to Grinnell, Iowa and changed their name to Farmers Mutual Reinsurance Association . The name changed again in 1948 to Farmers Mutual Reinsurance Company . The current name, Grinnell Mutual Reinsurance Company, was adopted in 1963. Related Companies Big M Agency, Inc Other lines of insurance Grinnell Infosystems, Inc Information services for farm mutuals Grinnell Select An auto insurance provider References http www.iid.state.ia.us about us FinancialReg ExamRpts 2004 0414 04M.pdf Iowa Insurance Division Examination Report External links http www.grinnellmutual.com Grinnell Mutual Homepage Category Insurance companies of the United States Category Mutual insurance companies Category Reinsurance companies Category Companies based in Iowa insurance company stub ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2011 Infobox company company name Old Mutual plc company logo Image Old Mutual.svg ... download 7682 Old 20Mutual 20at 20a 20Glance.pdf title Old Mutual at a glance format ... footnotes Old Mutual plc lse OML , jse OML is an international long term savings group. Established .... ref name about Cite web url http www.oldmutual.com about index.jsp title About Old Mutual publisher ... by John Fairbairn educator John Fairbairn , as a mutual insurance mutual insurance company in 1845 under the name of The Mutual Life Assurance Society of the Cape of Good Hope and became The South Africa Mutual Life Assurance Society in 1885. ref name history Cite web url http www.oldmutual.com about heritage.jsp title Old Mutual History publisher Oldmutual.com date accessdate 18 April 2011 ref Image ... Chairman In 1939 the Old Mutual art deco office opened in Darling Street as the The Mutual Building Mutual Gebou , Cape Town Mutual Building or, Mutual Gebou in Afrikaans ref name history which has since been converted to residential use and known as Mutual Heights . ref name Mutual Heights Cite web url http www.mutualheights.net title Web site for the residential community in Mutual Heights ... Old Mutual relocated its Head Office to Mutualpark in Pinelands and was the largest office block in the southern hemisphere at the time. ref name history In 1970 Old Mutual acquired a major shareholding in the newly formed Mutual & Federal , and later acquiring the remaining shares in 2010. In 1973 Old Mutual acquired shareholdings in Nedbank Nedcor Bank renamed the Nedbank Group in 2005 . ref name ... Namibian Stock Exchanges as Old Mutual . Old Mutual establishes a head office in London. ref name ... Old Mutual reaches deal work New York Times date 19 January 2000 accessdate 18 April 2011 ref Capel ... Mutual sold Gerrard to Barclays Bank PLC in 2003. ref name history Later in 2000 Old Mutual purchased ... mutual extends us reach with 2bn uam acquisition 713116.html title Old Mutual extends US reach work ... more details
ref improve date November 2011 Mutual authentication or two way authentication sometimes written as 2WAY authentication refers to two parties authenticating each other suitably. In technology terms, it refers to a client or user authenticating themselves to a server and that server authenticating itself to the user in such a way that both parties are assured of the others identity. When describing online authentication processes, mutual authentication is often referred to as website to user authentication, or site to user authentication. Typically, this is done for a client process and a server process without user interaction. Mutual Secure Sockets Layer SSL provides the same things as SSL, with the addition of authentication and non repudiation of the client authentication, using digital signatures. However, due to issues with complexity, cost, logistics, and effectiveness, most web applications are designed so they do not require client side certificates. As the Financial Services Technology Consortium put it in its January 2005 report, Better institution to customer authentication would prevent attackers from successfully impersonating financial institutions to steal customers account credentials and better customer to institution authentication would prevent attackers from successfully impersonating customers to financial institutions in order to perpetrate fraud. See also Computer security Secure channel Digital signature Mobile signature Two factor authentication Pharming ... authentication.html more New Generation of Mutual Phone Authentication http developers.sun.com appserver reference techart mutual auth.html Mutual Authentication for Web Services A Live Example http www.howtoforge.com prevent phishing with mutual authentication How to prevent phishing with mutual authentication How to stop phishing with mutual authentication http www.solidpass.com authentication methods mutual authentication.html Mutual Authentication as a mobile application based security ... more details
Infobox Company company name The National Farmers Union Mutual Insurance Society Limited company logo File NFUMutual logo.png company type Mutual insurance Mutual company slogan We do right by you foundation ... Union Mutual Insurance Society Limited , trading as NFU Mutual , is a UK registered mutual insurance ... lines for rural communities within the UK. NFU Mutual is based in Stratford upon Avon Warwickshire . In contrast to insurance companies that are owned by their shareholders, NFU Mutual is owned by its policyholders. Unlike most other UK insurers, NFU Mutual still uses a direct sales force. It has ... relationship with the National Farmers Union UK National Farmers Union NFU . In 1909 the NFU Mutual ... as local union representatives. Many agents are self employed and all are tied to NFU Mutual products ... service. NFU Mutual has won many awards for the design of its products and customer service. Most of the mutual ... are based on a detailed analysis of a product s features and benefits. In July 2008 NFU Mutual received ... the care shown to customers following the 2007 floods. From 1980 the NFU Mutual has accepted risks from outside of the farming community. NFU Mutual Direct was set up in 1996 to provide telephone and internet ... injury insurance. NFU Mutual is currently engaged in a program to open new branches where NFU Mutual has never ventured before including Battle, in East Sussex Southport, Merseyside and Oxford ... Lindsay Sinclair, the current CEO, joined NFU Mutual from ING Direct in autumn 2007. A New Zealander, aged 52, he is the first external CEO to be appointed at NFU Mutual. Ian Geden, his predecessor, was at NFU Mutual for more than 40 years. NFU Mutual has strong financial solvency. It has assets of more than 10 billion and a Standard & Poor s credit rating of AA as of February 2005 . NFU Mutual has ... grew by over 5 between 2007 and 2008. History NFU Mutual was formed in 1910 by 7 local farmers as the Midlands Farmers Mutual Insurance Society Ltd., with working capital of just 190. It was formed to provide ... more details
Infobox company name Hunter Mutual logo File Hunter Mutual.gif caption type Credit union genre fate Merged with New England Credit Union on 1 1 2010 predecessor successor New England Credit Union New England Credit Union Community Mutual Group foundation 1968 as Upper Hunter Local Government Employee s Credit Union founder defunct 1 1 2010 continues as local brand of NECU location city was Muswellbrook, New South Wales Muswellbrook , New South Wales location country Australia location locations Muswellbrook, Scone, Aberdeen, Singleton, Murrurundi, Merriwa area served Hunter Region Upper Hunter Valley , New South Wales key people industry Financial services products production services Banking br Investment br Insurance br Financial Planning revenue operating income net income aum assets equity ... br http communitymutual.com.au Community Mutual Group footnotes intl Hunter Mutual was a credit ... Hunter Mutual . During the 1990s, when many major banks closed branches in small country towns, Hunter Mutual set up new branches areas within the Upper Hunter where this occurred. Merger In July 2009, a proposed merger between Hunter Mutual and the New England Credit Union was announced. ref Hunter Mutual, http huntermutual.com.au media scripts doc download.aspx?did 170 ref During December 2009, each credit union held their annual general meeting, with a majority of members 96 of Hunter Mutual ... HMmergerinformation.html ref The merger took place on January 1, 2010, with Hunter Mutual ... has retained all locations, and Hunter Mutual CEO Col Sales has joined the executive management team ... England and Orana Credit Union arms of NECU will be re branded as New England Mutual and Orana Mutual , mimicking the Hunter Mutual name. All three will also have the common name of the Community Mutual ..., used from the late 1990s through to 2004, when they became Hunter Mutual References reflist External links http www.huntermutual.com.au Hunter Mutual Category Credit unions of Australia Category Banks ... more details
orphan date April 2010 Mutual engagement ref name mutual engagement Bryan Kinns, N., & Hamilton, F. 2009 . Identifying Mutual Engagement . Behaviour & Information Technology . http www.informaworld.com smpp jump jumptype banner frompagename content frommainurifile content fromdb all fromtitle fromvnxs cons ?dropin dxdoiorg 101080 01449290903377103&to url http 3a 2f 2fdx 2edoi 2eorg 2f10 2e1080 2f01449290903377103 doi 10.1080 01449290903377103 ref occurs when people creatively spark together and enter a state of group Flow psychology flow . ref Sawyer, K. 2003 . Group creativity Music, theater, collaboration. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates LEA , NJ, USA. ref It involves engagement with both the products of a joint activity and with the other participants who are contributing to those products. Mutual engagement is essential for technologically mediated creative collaborations such as group improvisation with new musical interfaces, ref Bryan Kinns, N. 2004 . http www.dcs.qmul.ac.uk nickbk papers ... brainstorming, and so on. Identifying mutual engagement Mutual engagement is about the points at which ... location of contributions, mutual modification of the joint product, discussions of quality of the joint product, or repetition and reinterpretation of others contributions. ref name mutual engagement These rely on participants skills and expertise with the system. Designing for mutual engagement User interfaces designed for mutual engagement should support mutual awareness of actions, shared and consistent representations, mutual modifiability , and annotation . ref name mutual engagement Related work Mutual engagement is critical to creative collaborations which rely on technology. The field ... based activities. Wenger s characterization of mutual engagement in a community of practice ... Wenger s perspective, mutual engagement is about the work involved in learning how to interact ... Mutual Engagement Category Social psychology ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Single infobox Name Mutual Feeling Cover Beverley Knight Mutual Feeling.jpg Artist Beverley Knight from Album The B Funk Released 1996 Format Single Recorded 1994 1995 Genre R&B soul music Soul Length 4 54 Label Dome Records Writer Beverley Knight br Tony Olabode br Victor Redwood Sawyerr Producer Tony Olabode br Victor Redwood Sawyerr Last single Moving on Up On the Right Side br 1996 This single Mutual Feeling br 1996 Next single Cast All Your Cares br 1996 Mutual Feeling is the fifth Single music single released by British soul music soul singer, Beverley Knight . The track, which peaked at 124 on the UK Singles Chart when it was released in 1996, did not have a promotional Music video video made to accompany it and remains Knight s second lowest charting single to date in the UK, after After You song After You . Track list Mutual Feeling small Radio Version 3 57 small Mutual Feeling featuring Blak Twang small Remix 4 53 small Mutual Feeling small D Lux Remix 5 04 small Mutual Feeling small Linslee Remix 4 35 small Mutual Feeling featuring Blak Twang small Minnx Remix 5 10 small Mutual Feeling featuring Blak Twang small Munroe Remix 5 08 small Charts class wikitable Chart 1996 Peak br position UK Singles Chart align center 124 Personnel Written by Beverley Knight, Tony Olabode and Victor Redwood Sawyerr Produced by Tony Olabode and Victor Redwood Sawyerr All vocals performed by Beverley Knight See also Beverley Knight discography Beverley Knight Category 1996 singles Category Beverley Knight songs Category Songs written by Beverley Knight ... more details
Infobox Company company name Northwestern Mutual company type Mutual company Mutual company slogan The Quiet ... www.northwesternmutual.com Northwestern Mutual is a mutual company based in Milwaukee ... , disability insurance , Annuity US financial products annuities , mutual funds , and employee benefit services. ref name Northwestern Mutual Fact Sheet for 2011 cite web title Northwestern Mutual Fact Sheet for 2011 publisher Northwestern Mutual url http www.northwesternmutual.com about northwestern mutual our company Documents fact sheet.pdf?win type pdfform accessdate 2012 1 11 ref Northwestern Mutual also provides consultation on asset and income protection, personal needs, investments .... History Northwestern Mutual was founded as the Mutual Life Insurance Company of the State of Wisconsin ... its name to The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. In 1864, the company paid its first dividends ... since 1872. ref name Northwestern Mutual Maintains High Dividend Payout, Financial Strength Despite Market Turmoil cite web title Northwestern Mutual Maintains High Dividend Payout, Financial Strength Despite Market Turmoil publisher Northwestern Mutual url http northwesternmutual.mediaroom.com index.php ... years of the 20th century, Northwestern Mutual focused on life insurance. At the same time, the company worked to increase its accountability. As early as 1871, Northwestern Mutual had taken steps ... of the Policyowners Examining Committee have unrestricted access to evaluate Northwestern Mutual ... Northwestern Mutual moved into investment management with the purchase of the Frank Russell Company ... Northwestern Mutual. ref name Northwestern Mutual Historical Timeline cite web title Northwestern Mutual Historical Timeline publisher Northwestern Mutual url http www.nmfn.com tn learnctr nm hist timeline ... of insurance companies, including Northwestern Mutual, to AA in August 2011 A.M. Best , ref ... Strength Earns Highest Ratings publisher Northwestern Mutual url http www.nmfn.com tn aboutus fi ... more details
No footnotes date March 2011 Mutual credit is a type of alternative currency in which the currency used in a transaction can be created at the time of the transaction. LETS are mutual credit systems. Typically this involves keeping track of each individual s credit or debit balance. Although the effect is like a loan, no interest is charged, and since mutual credit allows for trading and cancelling balances with others, debts can be paid off indirectly. Advantages and disadvantages One economic advantage of mutual credit is that the currency supply is self regulating the money supply expands and contracts as needed, without any managing authority. The availability of interest free loans is a great advantage to members of the system. One downside of mutual credit, as with any form of credit, is the possibility of exploiting the system by running up a negative balance and then leaving. Citation needed date September 2011 This problem is often addressed by caps on negative balance which can be raised as balances are paid off, or by limiting the system to a small, close knit community based on trust, where the community holds people accountable. For this reason, Citation needed date September 2011 most mutual credit systems are small under 2000 members Citation needed date April 2011 . personal position The problem can also be addressed by a using a well worded membership agreement with clauses that specify members remain fully liable for all negative balances, reasonable time limits for calling in stagnant negative balances, etc... Examples and types of systems LETS , the Community Exchange System and the Cincinnati Time Store are examples of mutual credit systems. A number of different mutual credit systems have been proposed. Mutual credit can be combined with a number of features of alternative currency systems. For example, it is usually but does not need to be a local currency , and it can have a Demurrage currency demurrage fee for the holding of balances. See also ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 A mutual , mutual organization , or mutual society is an organization which ... relationship. Dubious date November 2008 A mutual organization or society is often simply referred to as a mutual . A mutual exists with the purpose of raising funding funds from its membership or customers ... of the organization or society. A mutual is therefore owned by, and run for the benefit of, its .... ref Profits made will usually be re invested in the mutual for the benefit of the members ... May 2011 The primary form of financial business set up as a mutual company in the United States has been mutual insurance . Some insurance companies are set up as stock companies and then mutualized ... of profits for investors. However, the mutual form of ownership also has many disadvantages. The chief of them is that mutual companies must generate capital for growth internally they have no shares ... operations of the company as would be outside investor groups such as mutual fund s or pension funds ... life insurers were mutual companies. For many years, the tax status of such organizations was open ... taxation would be based on their share of business for instance, in years in which mutual companies .... Many savings and loan association s were also mutual companies, owned by their depositors. As a form of corporate ownership the mutual has fallen out of favor in the U.S. since the 1980s. Savings ... as mutual policyholders. The Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company has also investigated demutualization, even though its form of ownership is embedded in its name. It is noted that other formerly mutual companies such as Washington Mutual , a former savings and loan association , have been allowed ... era. Cooperatives are very similar to mutual companies. They tend to deal in primarily tangible ... include Asset management companies most are not mutual The Vanguard Group United States TIAA CREF ... societies Mutual healthcare providers such as Benenden Healthcare Society United Kingdom Mutual insurance ... more details
The Presbyterian Mutual Society , also known as Presbyterian Mutual is a Belfast based mutual society with around 9.500 investors, most of whom are members of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland . ref http www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk news local national presbyterians to lose millions as mutual collapses 14140272.html Presbyterians to lose millions as Mutual collapses , The Belfast Telegraph , 14 January 2009 ref The society has been put into administration after a run on the society in October 2008 when 21 million of its 25 million reserves were withdrawn. ref http www.rte.ie news 2009 0115 presbyterian.html Presbyterian Mutual Society collapses , 15 January 2009, RT ref Presbyterian Mutual had lent heavily to the commercial property developers and the buy to let sector. ref http www.thenews.coop features Wider 20Co op 20Movement 1540 Some good can come out of Presbyterian Mutual collapse , co operative News, March 19 2009 ref The loss of funds was attributed to the fact that commercial banks had their deposits guaranteed, in contrast to the Mutual s unguaranteed status. ref http www.midulstermail.co.uk news Investors request meeting over Presbyterian.4895564.jp Investors request meeting over Presbyterian Mutual Society funds , Mid Ulster Mail , 22 January 2009 ref The then Minister for Employment and Learning , Sir Reg now Lord Empey , amongst others, called for the HM Treasury Treasury to compensate investors. The Treasury subsequently set up a Working Group to consider what action could be taken. ref http www.hm treasury.gov.uk presbyterian mutual society working group.htm , HM Treasury ref Gordon Brown talked with Northern Ireland s political leaders on its future on February 12, 2010. ref http www.rte.ie news 2010 0212 presbyterian.html Talks over Presbyterian Mutual Society . RT . Friday, 12 February 2010. ref In October 2010 George Osborne announced a 200 million ... s 0 bb7e9f28 dc45 11df a9a4 00144feabdc0.html 200m pledged for collapsed N Irish mutual ref The final ... more details
Cleanup date June 2009 Infobox company name Liberty Mutual Group logo type Mutual company Mutual foundation ... 45,000 small 2010 small homepage http www.libertymutualgroup.com libertymutualgroup.com Liberty Mutual Group , more commonly known by the name of its primary line of business Liberty Mutual , is a diversified ..., 2010 Liberty Mutual Group had 112.35 billion in consolidated assets, 95.4 billion in consolidated ..., group disability, fire and surety . ref http www.boston.com jobs research profiles liberty mutual ... mutual passes the torch long to succeed kelly as insurers ceo this month ref ref http www.insurancejournal.com ... Mutual was founded in 1912 as the Massachusetts Employees Insurance Association MEIA , following ... compensation insurance in 1911. ref http www.insuranceusa.com directorytimeline.php?id Liberty Mutual .... The name was changed in 1917 to the Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, and through partnerships they began offering full coverage auto policies. In 1964 Liberty Mutual began offering life insurance through its Liberty Life Assurance Branch. In 2002 the company converted into its current mutual holding ... in the mutual insurance company, which some policyholders believed would dilute their interest ... magazines southcentral 2001 04 30 partingshots 18694.htm Mutual Holding Company A Shell Game ... was misleading Liberty Mutual settled the lawsuit in December 2001 which required additional ... articles lawsuitlibrary liberty mutual documents.html Lawsuit seeks to block Liberty Mutual ... around November 2001. ref http business.highbeam.com 436091 article 1G1 79975674 liberty mutual policyholders vote approve mutual holding Liberty Mutual Policyholders Vote to Approve Mutual Holding Company Plan. A.M. Best Newswire . ref Liberty Mutual has made several large acquisitions over the past several years, including the most recent acquisition of Safeco Corporation in 2008. Liberty Mutual ... of approximately 6.2 billion. In 2006, Liberty Mutual created a television commercial about people ... more details
Infobox company name Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company logo File Logo mutualofomaha.svg 150px Mutual of Omaha Logo type Mutual insurance Mutual company company slogan Begin Today foundation 1909 location ... ref name autogenerated2 http www.mutualofomaha.com documents about annual report.pdf Mutual of Omaha ... Company br United World Life Insurance Company br Mutual of Omaha Investor Services, Inc. br Continuum ... footnotes intl Mutual of Omaha is a Fortune 500 mutual insurance and financial services company based in Omaha, Nebraska . The company was founded in 1909 as Mutual Benefit Health and Accident Association . ref name autogenerated3 http www.mutualofomaha.com about history.html Mutual of Omaha ... Our Organization Mutual of Omaha Bot generated title ref History 1909 March 5 Mutual Benefit Health ... V. J. Skutt, Mutual of Omaha, the good neighbor. Newcomen Society in North America, 1961 p11 ref 1920 Premium income exceeded 1 million for the year. 1924 Mutual of Omaha ranked 8th in comparison to other ... 1941 The company founded its Group Insurance department 1962 Mutual Benefit Health & Accident Association changed its name to Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company 1963 Mutual of Omaha s Wild Kingdom aired ... OISC was created 2007 Omaha Financial Holdings, Inc. was created as the parent company of Mutual of Omaha s banking initiatives ref name autogenerated3 2009 Mutual of Omaha celebrates 100 years Wild Kingdom Main Wild Kingdom In 1963, Mutual of Omaha introduced the wildlife television program, Mutual of Omaha s Wild Kingdom . The original show ran from 1963 to 1988. The show was revitalized in 2002 with a new series on the cable television network Animal Planet . Mutual of Omaha has recognized ... recognize the company as being associated with the program. Subsidiaries Mutual of Omaha has multiple ... http www.mutualofomaha.com about organization affiliates index.html Affiliate Companies Mutual of Omaha ... since 1983. ref name autogenerated1 Mutual of Omaha Investor Services, Inc. Mutual funds are offered ... more details
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