About the bacterium the infection tuberculosis Italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Mycobacterium ... M. tuberculosis binomial Mycobacteriumtuberculosis binomial authority Zopf 1883 synonyms Tubercle bacillus small Robert Koch Koch 1882 small Mycobacteriumtuberculosis MTB is a pathogen ic bacteria l species in the genus Mycobacterium and the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis TB . ref ... Cole ST, Brosch R, Parkhill J, et al. title Deciphering the biology of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis from ... title Re annotation of the genome sequence of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis H37Rv journal Microbiology .... ref cite journal author JoAnne L Flynn and John Chany title Immune evasion by Mycobacteriumtuberculosis ... 978 1 904455 42 4 ref Strain variation M. tuberculosis comes from the genus Mycobacterium , which ... DNA polymorphisms in strains of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis ... and population genetic studies of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis . author Singh SP, Salamon H, Lahti ... Connell WA. title Genetic diversity in the Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex based on variable numbers ... based typing as a portable approach to global analysis of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis molecular epidemiology ... repetitive unit typing of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis compared to IS6110 based restriction fragment ... interspersed repetitive unit variable number tandem repeat typing of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis ... strains Mycobacterium outbreaks are often caused by hypervirulent strains of M. tuberculosis ... 2009 chapter Hypervirulent Mycobacteriumtuberculosis title Mycobacterium Genomics and Molecular Biology publisher Caister Academic Press isbn 978 1 904455 40 0 ref Image Mycobacteriumtuberculosis Ziehl Neelsen stain 640.jpg thumb right Mycobacteriumtuberculosis stained red in tissue blue Microscopy ... Projects M tuberculosis title Mycobacteriumtuberculosis publisher Sanger Institute date 2007 ... retrieve pii S0092 8674 01 00236 7 ref Mycobacteriumtuberculosis sRNA Nine noncoding sRNAs have been ... more details
Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex refers to a genetically closely related group of Mycobacterium species that can cause tuberculosis . It includes MycobacteriumtuberculosisMycobacterium africanum Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium bovis BCG Mycobacterium microti Mycobacterium canettii Mycobacterium pinnipedii Mycobacterium mungi . ref name pmid20350321 cite journal author Vasconcellos SE, Huard RC, Niemann S, et al. title Distinct genotypic profiles of the two major clades of Mycobacterium africanum journal BMC Infect. Dis. volume 10 issue pages 80 year 2010 pmid 20350321 pmc 2859774 doi 10.1186 1471 2334 10 80 url http www.biomedcentral.com 1471 2334 10 80 ref References Reflist Mycobacteria Mycobacterium stub Category Mycobacteria Category Tuberculosis ... more details
were shown to have important physiology physiological roles in M. tuberculosis . Overexpression of G2 sRNA, for example, prevented growth of M. tuberculosis and greatly reduced the growth of Mycobacterium ... R, Parkhill J, et al. title Deciphering the biology of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis from the complete ... a bioinformatics tool suggested 56 putative sRNAs in M. tuberculosis , though these have ... H3llBot ref Hfq protein homologues have yet to be found in M. tuberculosis ref cite journal author ... operon of Mycobacterium smegmatis is different from the Escherichia coli paradigm journal Microbiology ... 10.1099 mic.0.27597 0 url cite journal author Matsunaga I, Bhatt A, Young DC, et al. title Mycobacteriumtuberculosis pks12 Produces a Novel Polyketide Presented by CD1c to T Cells journal J. Exp. Med ... Navbox name hide the gallery title Gallery of M. tuberculosis small RNA secondary structure images ... more details
D014376 Tuberculosis , MTB , or TB short for tubercle Bacillus shape bacillus is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacterium mycobacteria , usually Mycobacteriumtuberculosis . ref name Robbins cite book author Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell ... as miliary tuberculosis . ref name ID10 Causes Mycobacteria Main Mycobacteriumtuberculosis File Mycobacterium tuberculosis.jpg thumb Scanning electron micrograph of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis The main cause of TB is Mycobacteriumtuberculosis , a small, aerobic organism aerobic nonmotile bacillus ... 2005 cite journal author Herrmann J, Lagrange P title Dendritic cells and Mycobacteriumtuberculosis ... name Grosset cite journal author Grosset J title Mycobacteriumtuberculosis in the Extracellular ... diagnosis File TB in sputum.png thumb Mycobacteriumtuberculosis Ziehl Neelsen stain stained red ... author Rothel J, Andersen P title Diagnosis of latent Mycobacteriumtuberculosis infection is the demise ... of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis with extensive resistance to second line drugs worldwide, 2000 2004 journal ... 17,000 years ago. ref cite journal author Rothschild BM title Mycobacteriumtuberculosis ...pp semi indef pp move indef Infobox disease Name Tuberculosis Image Tuberculosis x ray 1.jpg Caption Chest X ray of a person with advanced tuberculosis DiseasesDB 8515 ICD10 ICD10 A 15 a 15 ICD10 A 19 ... isbn 978 1 4160 2973 1 ref Tuberculosis typically attacks the lung s but can also affect other parts ... A year 2010 title Testing for tuberculosis journal Australian Prescriber volume 33 issue 1 pages 12 ... organs causes a wide range of symptoms. Medical diagnosis Diagnosis of active TB relies on tuberculosis ... and or blood tests. Tuberculosis treatment Treatment is difficult and requires administration of multiple .... Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in multi drug resistant tuberculosis multiple drug resistant tuberculosis MDR TB infections. Prevention relies on screening programs and vaccination ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Mycobacterium image Mycobacteriumtuberculosis 01.jpg image width 240px image caption Transmission electron microscopy TEM micrograph of M. tuberculosis . regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium ... . Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria , given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. The genus includes pathogen s known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosisMycobacteriumtuberculosis and leprosy Mycobacterium leprae . ref name Sherris cite book author Ryan KJ, Ray .... The sequences of the genus Mycobacterium that matched most closely to those of M. tuberculosis were ... . Slowly growing Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex MTBC members are causative agents of human and animal tuberculosis. Species in this complex include Mycobacteriumtuberculosis M. tuberculosis , the major cause of human tuberculosisMycobacterium bovis M. bovis ... mbi.ucla.edu TB TB Structural Genomics Consortium Structures of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis proteins http kiev.physchem.kth.se MycDB.html MycDB Mycobacterium database http www.tbdb.org TBDB Tuberculosis ... Mycobacterium marinum , which has been shown to be motile within macrophage s that are characteristically ... showed sporulation in Mycobacterium marinum and perhaps in M. bovis . ref Ghosh, Jaydip, Pontus Larsson ... bacterium due to their lack of an outer cell membrane . All Mycobacterium species share a characteristic ... targets for new drugs for tuberculosis. ref name BhamidiS cite book author Bhamidi S year 2009 chapter ... Trends publisher Caister Academic Press isbn 978 1 904455 45 5 ref Many Mycobacterium species ... T, Brown A editors year 2009 title Mycobacterium Genomics and Molecular Biology publisher Caister ... that does not intensify after light exposure. Ex M. tuberculosis , M. avium intra cellulare , M. bovis ... treated with chlorine and food sources. Some, however, including the tuberculosis and the leprosy ... more details
Infobox disease Name Miliary tuberculosis Image Miliary Tuberculosis17260.jpg Caption Miliary tuberculosis is characterized by a chronic, contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacteriumtuberculosis ... 224278 Gram positive actinobacteria diseases Category Tuberculosis Category Mycobacterium related cutaneous ... Miliary tuberculosis also known as disseminated tuberculosis , ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini ... location St. Louis year 2007 pages Chapter 74 isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref tuberculosis cutis acuta generalisata , ref name Bolognia and Tuberculosis cutis disseminata ref name Bolognia is a form of tuberculosis that is characterized by a wide dissemination into the human body and by the tiny ... seeds thus the term miliary tuberculosis. Miliary TB may infect any number of organs, including the lungs ... Dieter, Miliary Tuberculosis , http www.emedicine.com med topic1476.htm, October 3, 2006. ref Etiology Miliary tuberculosis is a form of tuberculous infection in the lung that is the result of erosion ... A patient with miliary tuberculosis will tend to present with non specific signs, such as low grade fever, cough, and Lymphadenopathy enlarged lymph nodes . Miliary tuberculosis can also present ... tuberculosis are being in direct contact with a person who has it, living in unsanitary conditions ..., Disseminated Tuberculosis http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 000624htm, December 3, 2008. ref Tests Testing for miliary tuberculosis is conducted in the same manner as for other forms of tuberculosis . Tests include chest x ray , sputum culture , bronchoscopy , TB skin test , open ... . ref name nlm.nih.gov A variety of neurological complications have been noted in miliary tuberculosis ... of patients improve following antituberculous treatment. Treatment main Tuberculosis treatment ... . Timebomb The Global Epidemic of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis. Mcgraw Hill. ISBN 0 07 135924 9 The Treatment of Tuberculosis Albino, Juan & Reichman, Lee. Respiration Respiration 1998 65 237 ... more details
which strains of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis are present in sputum has 98 per cent accuracy and can ... by mycobacteria Latent tuberculosis List of tuberculosis victims MycobacteriumTuberculosis Structural ... of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis genome sequences and related information. Kaiser Family Foundation ...Image Mycobacterium tuberculosis.jpg 100px right thumb Scanning electron micrograph of MycobacteriumtuberculosisTuberculosis is a major public health problem in People s Republic of China China . China has the world s second largest tuberculosis epidemic after India , but progress in tuberculosis control was slow during the 1990s. Detection of tuberculosis had stagnated at around 30 of the estimated total of new cases, and multidrug resistant tuberculosis was a major problem. These signs of inadequate tuberculosis control can be linked to a malfunctioning health system . The spread of severe ... tuberculosis. By 2005, the detection of cases of tuberculosis had increased to 80 of the estimated total new cases, permitting China to achieve the 2005 global tuberculosis control targets. At the same time, specific efforts to improve tuberculosis control also contributed to strengthening of the public ... government undertook a review of the tuberculosis situation in China, which looked at the progress in tuberculosis control before the SARS epidemic, outlined the measures taken to improve the public ... of tuberculosis control efforts, and discuss the challenges that China must address to halve the number of tuberculosis cases and deaths as part of the Millennium Development Goals MDGs . Epidemiology Image Tuberculosis prevalence WHO 2009.svg thumb upright 1.6 alt World map with sub Saharan Africa ... in sub Saharan Africa. ref cite book title Global tuberculosis control epidemiology ... In China, tuberculosis has been the number 1 cause of death from infectious disease in adults . In 1990, 360,000 people in China died from tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is one of China s major public health ... more details
thumb Distinctive clusters of colorless Mycobacteriumtuberculosis form in this culture. A definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis can only be made by culturing Mycobacteriumtuberculosis organisms from ... for Detecting Mycobacteriumtuberculosis Infection, United States ref In general the US approach ... available tests are the amplified mycobacteriumtuberculosis direct test MTD, Gen Probe and Amplicor ... Mycobacteriumtuberculosis Direct Test in a Public Health Laboratory Test Performance and Impact ... practice of two commercial blood tests for diagnosis of infection with Mycobacteriumtuberculosis ... tracing and spatial tracking of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis infection by enumeration of antigen specific ... of T cell based assay with tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis infection ...for an overview of the disease Tuberculosis This article is in US English Tuberculosis is diagnosed by finding Mycobacteriumtuberculosis bacteria in a clinical specimen taken from the patient. While other investigations may strongly suggest tuberculosis as the diagnosis, they cannot confirm it. A complete medical evaluation for tuberculosis TB must include a medical history, a physical examination ... as 20 , or as many as 75 of pulmonary tuberculosis cases may be without symptoms. ref Burke and Parnell. Minimal Pulmonary Tuberculosis. 1948. 59 348 Canadian Medical Association Journal. ref Tuberculosis ... as probable or presumed . For a diagnosis negating the possibility of tuberculosis infection ... microscopy for tuberculosis a systematic review journal Lancet Infect Dis year 2006 volume 6 issue ... induction, gastric washing, and bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis ... a sputum sample, common alternative sample sources for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis include ... reaction PCR or gene probe tests can distinguish M. tuberculosis from other mycobacteria. Even if sputum smear is negative, tuberculosis must be considered and is only excluded after negative cultures ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Mycobacterium pinnipedii regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. pinnipedii binomial Mycobacterium pinnipedii binomial authority Cousins et al. 2003, ref name Cousins ATCC BAA 688 Mycobacterium pinnipedii is a member of the Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex which primarily infects seals. It is a slowly growing Mycobacterium . The species is named after the Pinniped s, the organisms from which M. pinnipedii was first isolated. ref name Cousins cite journal last1 Cousins first1 DV last2 Bastida first2 R last3 Cataldi first3 A last4 Quse first4 V last5 Redrobe first5 S last6 Dow first6 S last7 Duignan first7 P last8 Murray first8 A last9 Dupont first9 C title Tuberculosis in seals caused by a novel member of the Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex Mycobacterium pinnipedii sp. Nov journal International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology volume 53 issue Pt 5 pages 1305 14 year 2003 pmid 13130011 doi 10.1099 ijs.0.02401 0 ref References Reflist Mycobacteria DEFAULTSORT Mycobacterium Pinnipedii Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae Category Bacteria described in 2003 Mycobacterium stub ... more details
title Rural outbreaks of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis in a Canadian province journal Abstr Intersci ...File Tuberculosis world map DALY WHO2004.svg thumb 200px Age adjustment Age standardized death from tuberculosis ... legend ff4200 1000 2000 legend ff2c00 2000 3000 legend cb0000 3000 Multicol end File Tuberculosis ... in Asia. ref name WHO2009 Burden cite book title Global tuberculosis control epidemiology, strategy ... annex 3 en index.html title WHO report 2008 Global tuberculosis control accessdate 13 April 2009 ref Roughly a third of the world s population has been infected with M. tuberculosis , and new infections ... factsheets fs104 en index.html title Tuberculosis Fact sheet N 104 publisher World Health Organization date November 2010 accessdate 26 July 2011 ref However, not all infections with M. tuberculosis cause tuberculosis disease and many infections are asymptomatic. ref name CDC cite web publisher ... full.pdf ref Tuberculosis is the second most common cause of death from infectious disease after ... edition 7th ref The absolute number of tuberculosis cases has been decreasing since 2005 and new cases since 2002. ref name WHO2011 cite web title The sixteenth global report on tuberculosis url http ... name WHO2011a http www.who.int tb publications global report en index.html Global Tuberculosis Control , World Health Organization, 2011 ref The distribution of tuberculosis is not uniform across the globe ... cite book title Global tuberculosis control epidemiology, strategy, financing author World Health ... countries, tuberculosis is less common and is mainly an urban disease. In the United Kingdom ... were 30 per 100,000 in Portugal and Spain. These rates compared with 98 per 100,000 in Tuberculosis in China China and 48 per 100,000 in Brazil . In the United States, the overall tuberculosis case rate was 4 per 100,000 persons in 2007. ref name WHO2009 Burden In Canada, tuberculosis is still endemic ... global report 2006 pdf full report correctedversion.pdf title Global Tuberculosis Control Report ... more details
are all terms used to refer to tuberculosis throughout history. It is generally accepted that the microorganism originated from other, more primitive organisms of the same genus Mycobacterium . Contrary to previous findings stating that tuberculosis passed from animals to humans, scientific research has revealed that tuberculosis passed from humans to animals instead. Scientific work investigating the evolutionary origins of the Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex has concluded that the most ... allowed dating of this Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex evolutionary bottleneck to approximately ... of the Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex. PLoS Pathog 4 9 e1000160. ref . Human bones from the Neolithic ... of 9,000 year old Mycobacteriumtuberculosis from a Neolithic settlement in the Eastern ... time the causal agent of the disease Mycobacteriumtuberculosis , or Koch s bacillus. ref Brock ... H, Nerlich A title Characterization of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis Complex DNAs from Egyptian Mummies ... from tuberculosis, depicts the social aspect of the disease, and its relation with living conditions ... out of Africa. This analysis of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units also dated the Mycobacterium ... and Treatment of Tuberculosis in Antiquity journal Isis year 1940 month April volume 31 issue 2 pages 380 393 url http www.jstor.org stable 225758 ref White Plague The tuberculosis epidemic in Europe ... White Plague. Death by tuberculosis was considered inevitable, being the principal cause of death .... Tuberculosis in early civilization In 2008, evidence for tuberculosis infection has been discovered ... methods to date it is the oldest evidence of tuberculosis infection in humans. Evidence of the infection ... evidence of the type of angulation often seen with spinal tuberculosis. ref Madkour 2004 3 ref Some authors call tuberculosis the first disease known to mankind. Signs of the disease have also been ... evidence of spinal tuberculosis with the characteristic psoas dn date February 2012 abscesses. ref ... more details
Infobox disease Name Latent tuberculosis Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 R 76 1 r 70 ICD9 ICD9 795.5 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Also called latent tuberculosis infection, latent TB or LTBI. Latent tuberculosis is where a patient is infected with Mycobacteriumtuberculosis , but does not have active tuberculosis disease. Patients with latent tuberculosis are not infectious it is not possible to get TB from someone with latent tuberculosis. The main risk is that approximately ... but higher risk if immunosuppressed will go on to develop active tuberculosis at a later stage of their life ... of tuberculosis, based on the risk of being infected with tubercle bacilli journal Adv Tuberc ... with latent TB is an important part of controlling this disease. Tests for latent tuberculosis There are currently two major classes of tests used to identify patients with latent tuberculosis tuberculin ... years after the first Mantoux test. Boosting occurs when people who have had remote infection with Mycobacteriumtuberculosis and or previous exposure to Bacille Calmette Guerin of Mycobacterium bovis BCG , an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that is used in some countries as a vaccine against tuberculosis, are given repeated tuberculin skin tests. In these people, the first test revives ..., there are multiple size thresholds for declaring a positive result of latent tuberculosis from ... of IGRA testing. blockquote Treatment Main tuberculosis treatment The treatment of latent tuberculosis .... In the U.S., physicians talk about latent tuberculosis treatment because the medication does not actually ... treatment for LTBI is started. To give treatment for latent tuberculosis to someone with active tuberculosis is a serious error the tuberculosis will not be adequately treated and there is a serious ... in children or persons with radiographic evidence of prior tuberculosis old fibrotic lesions 69 effective ... rifapentine isoniazid or daily rifampin pyrazinamide for latent tuberculosis in household contacts ... more details
italic title Context date October 2009 Taxobox name Mycobacterium aurum regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. aurum binomial Mycobacterium aurum binomial authority Tsukamura 1966, ATCC 23366 Mycobacterium aurum is a species of acid fast , gram positive bacteria that forms long chains. Though related to Mycobacteriumtuberculosis , it does not cause tuberculosis . Genotype ATCC 23366 CCUG 37666 CIP 104465 DSM 43999 HAMBI 2275 JCM 6366 LMG 19255 NCTC 10437 NRRL B 4037. References SKERMAN V.B.D. , McGOWAN V. and SNEATH P.H.A. editors Approved Lists of Bacterial Names . International Journal of Systemic Bacteriology . 1980, 30, 225 420. TSUKAMURA M. Adansonian classification of mycobacteria . Journal of General Microbiology , 1966, 45, 253 273. PMID 4961417 Mycobacteria Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae Category Nontuberculous mycobacteria Mycobacterium stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Mycobacterium caprae regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. caprae binomial Mycobacterium caprae binomial authority Aranaz et al. 2003, ref name pmid14657105 cite journal author Aranaz A, Cousins D, Mateos A, Dom nguez L title Elevation of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis subsp. caprae Aranaz et al. 1999 to species rank as Mycobacterium caprae comb. nov., sp. nov journal Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. volume 53 issue Pt 6 pages 1785 9 year 2003 month November pmid 14657105 doi url http ijs.sgmjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 14657105 ref ATCC BAA 824 Mycobacterium caprae Type strain strain spc 1 gM 1 ATCC BAA 824 CIP 105776. Basonym Mycobacteriumtuberculosis subsp. caprae Aranaz et al. 1999. Other synonym Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae Aranaz et al. 1999 Niemann et al. 2002. It can cause tuberculosis . ref name pmid19919773 cite journal author Rodr guez E, S nchez LP, P rez S, et al. title Human tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in Spain, 2004 2007 journal Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. volume 13 issue 12 pages 1536 41 year 2009 month December pmid 19919773 doi url http openurl.ingenta.com content nlm?genre article&issn 1027 3719&volume 13&issue 12&spage 1536&aulast Rodr guez ref References reflist Mycobacteria Tuberculosis Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae Category TuberculosisMycobacterium stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Tuberculosis vaccines are vaccination s intended for the prevention of tuberculosis . There is currently only one tuberculosis vaccine available, bacille Calmette Gu rin BCG . Other tuberculosis vaccines in development are MVA85A rBCG30 72F fusion protein ESAT6 Ag85b fusion protein New vaccines are being developed by the TuBerculosis Vaccine Initiative TBVI and Aeras , among others. Vaccines DEFAULTSORT Tuberculosis Vaccines Category Vaccines Category Tuberculosis Vaccine stub ... more details
of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis journal Applied Microbiology volume 20 issue 5 pages 810 14 year 1970 ... to it. Isolated PZA resistance is uncommon in M. tuberculosis , but Mycobacterium bovis M. bovis ...Image Tuberculosis drugs and actions.jpg thumb right 300px Various pharmaceutical tuberculosis treatments their actions Tuberculosis treatment refers to the Therapy medical treatment of the infectious disease tuberculosis TB . The standard short course treatment for TB is isoniazid , rifampicin also ... there is still a relapse rate of 2 to 3 . For latent tuberculosis , the standard treatment is six ... font size 90 align right colspan 3 style text align center First line tuberculosis drugs Drug 3 letter ... text align center colspan 3 style text align center Second line tuberculosis drugs style text align ... expensive. The standard regimen Rationale and evidence for the standard regimen Tuberculosis ... in latent tuberculosis latent TB or chemoprophylaxis , and regimens that use only single drugs result ... title Streptomycin Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis A Medical Research Council Investigation ... PR, Jan IS, et al. title Empirical treatment with a fluoroquinolone delays the treatment for tuberculosis ... A controlled trial of 6 months chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis. Final report results during ... G, Raviglione MC, Maher D title Scale up meeting targets in global tuberculosis control journal ... month therapy for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. A twice weekly, directly observed, and cost ... the possibilities of tuberculosis from recurring, resulting in a reduction in unsuccessful treatments ... What is the limit to case detection under the DOTS strategy for tuberculosis control? journal Tuberculosis ... A authorlink2 Alimuddin Zumla title The global emergency of tuberculosis what is the cause? journal ... the DOTS framework has been so successful in the treatment of tuberculosis in sub Saharan Africa ... Adapting the DOTS framework for tuberculosis control to the management of non communicable diseases ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Mycobacterium microti regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. microti binomial Mycobacterium microti binomial authority Reed 1957, ATCC 19422 Mycobacterium microti Member of the Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex MTBC Also known as the Vole bacillus Etymology microtus is a genus that includes the vole . Description Gram positive , nonmotile and acid fast rods. Colony characteristics Variable colony morphology, buff in colour, either rough or smooth. Physiology Growth on glycerol free egg media at 37 C within 28 60 days. May adapt tolerance to glycerol. Sensitive to isoniazid , ethambutol , rifampin , streptomycin and pyrazinamide . Differential characteristics A commercial hybridisation assay AccuProbe to identify members of the M. tuberculosis complex exists. All members of the M. tuberculosis complex share identical 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacers ITS sequences But molecular differentiation is possible by gyrB sequence polymorphism Pathogenesis Cause of naturally acquired generalized tuberculosis in voles . Recently van Soolingen et al. reported about the first infections among humans caused by M. microti Losing pathogenicity on repeated subculture. Biosafety level 3 Type strain Strain ATCC 19422 CIP 104256 NCTC 8710. References reflist Reed,G. 1957. Genus Mycobacterium species affecting warm blooded animals except those causing leprosy , In R.S. BREED, E.G.D. MURRAY and N.R. SMITH eds Bergey s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, p. 703 704. van Soolingen et al. , 1998. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36 1840 1845. Mycobacteria DEFAULTSORT Mycobacterium Microti Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae Category Tuberculous Mycobacteria Mycobacterium stub es Mycobacterium microti ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Mycobacterium moriokaense regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. moriokaense binomial Mycobacterium moriokaense binomial authority Tsukamura et al. 1986, ATCC 43059 Mycobacterium moriokaense br Etymology moriokaense, from Morioka , Japan where the organism was first isolated. Description Gram positive , nonmotile and acid fast rods 2 6 m x 0.5 m . Colony characteristics Dry, rough and nonpigmented nonphotochromogenic colonies. Physiology Rapid growth on L wenstein Jensen media at 28 C, 37 C and 42 C, but not at 45 C within 3 days. Pathogenesis Biosafety level 1 Type strain First isolated from sputum of a patient with tuberculosis and from soil in Morioka, Japan. Strain NCH E11715 ATCC 43059 CCUG 37671 CIP 105393 DSM 44221 JCM 6375 VKM Ac 1183. References reflist Tsukamura et al. 1986. Mycobacterium moriokaense sp. nov., a rapidly growing, nonphotochromogenic Mycobacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 36, 333 338. Mycobacteria DEFAULTSORT Mycobacterium Moriokaense Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae Category Nontuberculous mycobacteria Mycobacterium stub ... more details
Vietnamese tuberculosis refers to certain forms of chronic melioidosis that look clinically very similar to tuberculosis . It is derived from the clinical appearance of the disease in American soldiers returning from the Vietnam war . Category Zoonotic bacterial diseases Category Bacterium related cutaneous conditions Infectious disease stub ... more details
Mycobacterium Africanum Category Acid fast bacilli Category Tuberculosis Category Mycobacteria ca Mycobacterium africanum es Mycobacterium africanum ...italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Mycobacterium africanum regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. africanum binomial Mycobacterium africanum binomial authority Castets et al. 1969, ref Castets, M., N. Rist, H. Boisvert. 1969. La vari t africaine du bacille tuberculeux humain. M decine d Afrique Noire, 1969, 16, 321 322. ref ATCC 25420 Mycobacterium africanum is a species of Mycobacterium that is most commonly found in West African countries. The symptoms of infection resemble those of M. tuberculosis . It is a member of the Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex . ref name pmid20350321 cite journal author Vasconcellos SE, Huard RC, Niemann S, et al. title Distinct genotypic profiles of the two major clades of Mycobacterium africanum journal BMC Infect. Dis. volume 10 issue pages 80 year 2010 pmid 20350321 pmc 2859774 doi 10.1186 1471 2334 10 80 url http www.biomedcentral.com 1471 2334 10 80 ref Epidemiology M. africanum is most commonly found in West African countries, causing up to a quarter of cases of tuberculosis in countries such as the Gambia. It is an infection of humans only and is spread by an airborne route from individuals with open cases of disease. It has a similar degree of infectivity to the regular M. tuberculosis organism but is less ... and M. tuberculosis give rise to the lower pathogenicity of the former. However, it is known that the Region of Difference 9 RD9 is lacking in M. africanum but present in M. tuberculosis Brosch, et al. 2002 PNAS 99 3684 . Treatment M. africanum tuberculosis is treated with an identical regime to tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis . The overall rate of cure is similar, but as more M. africanum ... more details
Urogenital tuberculosis is a form of tuberculosis that affects the urogenital system . Epidemiology It usually strikes young adults with tuberculosis in other places of the body as well. It is common in Asia, but less common in sub Saharan Africa. ref name bonn http www.meb.uni bonn.de dtc primsurg docbook html x10627.html Primary Surgery Volume One Non trauma. Chapter 16. The surgery of tuberculosis Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universit t Bonn ref Symptoms Persistent cystitis , unresponsive to antibiotics. ref name bonn Urinary frequency ref name bonn Dysuria ref name bonn Loin discomfort ref name bonn Malaise and general symptoms of tuberculosis ref name bonn However, the infection arises insidiously, going long time without symptoms. ref name bonn Other signs Pus cells and red cells in the urine, but no bacterial growth on routine bacterial culture ref name bonn Painless intermittent microscopic haematuria ref name bonn A painless, non tender, irregular, and sometimes fluctuating mass on one side of the scrotum . ref name bonn Pathogenesis The infection may affect the kidneys, ureter and bladder and may cause significant damage to each. Complications Urogenital tuberculosis may cause strictures of the ureter, which, however, may heal when infection is treated. References reflist Category Bacterial diseases Gram positive actinobacteria diseases de Urogenitaltuberkulose ... more details
characteristics of Mycobacterium canettii the smooth Mycobacteriumtuberculosis bacilli year 2010 last1 ... last8 Bonnet first9 V ronique last9 Vincent title Two Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Caused by Mycobacteriumtuberculosis subsp. canetti journal Emerging Infectious Diseases doi 10.3201 eid0811.020017 ...italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Mycobacterium canettii regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. canettii binomial Mycobacterium canettii binomial authority D van Soolingen, et al., 1997 Mycobacterium canettii , a novel pathogenic taxon of the Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex MTBC , was first reported in 1969 by the French microbiologist Georges Canetti from which the organism has been named. It formed smooth and shiny colonies, which is highly exceptional for the MTBC. It was described in detail in 1997 by D van Soolingen, et al. in International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 47, 1236 1245 owing to the isolation of a new strain from a 2 year old Somali patient with lymphadenitis. It did not differ from Mycobacteriumtuberculosis in the biochemical tests and in its 16S rRNA sequence. It had shorter generation time than clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis and presented a unique, characteristic phenolic glycolipid and lipo oligosaccharide. In 1998, Pfyffer described abdominal lymphatic TB in a 56 year old Swiss man who lived in Kenya with HIV infection. Tuberculosis caused by M. canettii appears to be an emerging disease in the Horn of Africa. ref cite journal pages 1013 9 doi 10.1111 j.1469 0691.2010.03347.x title Clinical characteristics of the smooth tubercle bacilli Mycobacterium canettii infection suggest the existence of an environmental reservoir year 2011 last1 Koeck first1 J. L. last2 Fabre first2 M. last3 Simon first3 F. last4 ... Mycobacteria Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae ca Mycobacterium canetti ... more details
Main article TuberculosisTuberculosis classification system The current clinical classification system for tuberculosis TB is based on the pathogenesis of the disease. ref http ajrccm.atsjournals.org cgi content full 161 4 1376 Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Volume 161, Number 4, April 2000, 1376 1395. This Official Statement of the American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was Adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. This Statement was endorsed by the Council of the Infectious Disease Society of America , September 1999. Class 0 5 are explained on pages 1391 1392. ref Health care providers should comply with local laws and regulations requiring the reporting of TB. All persons with class 3 or class 5 TB should be reported promptly to the local health department. See list of notifiable diseases . border 1 cellpadding 5 Classification System for TB align center Class Type Description 0 No TB exposure br Not infected No history of exposure br Negative reaction to tuberculin skin test 1 TB exposure br No evidence of infection History of exposure br Negative reaction to tuberculin skin test 2 TB infection br No disease Positive reaction to tuberculin skin test br Negative bacteriologic studies if done br No clinical, bacteriologic, or radiographic evidence of TB 3 TB, clinically active M. tuberculosis cultured if done br Clinical, bacteriologic, or radiographic ... CDC . ref CDC Immigration Requirements http www.cdc.gov immigrantrefugeehealth pdf tuberculosis ti 2009.pdf Technical Instructions for Tuberculosis Screening and Treatment . October 1, 2009. Classifications ... TB Latent TB Infection LTBI Evaluation Class B3 TB, Contact Evaluation See also Tuberculosis radiology for CXR details Tuberculosis diagnosis References references Category Tuberculosis Category Classification systems Tuberculosis Classification System ca Classificaci de la tuberculosi ... more details
italic title Context date October 2009 Taxobox name Mycobacterium intracellulare regnum Bacteria phylum Actinobacteria ordo Actinomycetales subordo Corynebacterineae familia Mycobacterium Mycobacteriaceae genus Mycobacterium species M. intracellulare binomial Mycobacterium intracellulare binomial authority Runyon 1965, ref Runyon, E. 1965. Pathogenic mycobacteria. Advances in Tuberculosis Research, 14, 235 287. ref ATCC 13950 Mycobacterium intracellulare is a species of Mycobacterium . Description Gram positive , nonmotile and acid fast short to long rods. Colony characteristics Usually smooth, rarely rough and nonpigmented Colony biology colonies . Ageing colonies may become yellow. Physiology Growth on L wenstein Jensen medium and Middlebrook 7H10 at 37 C after 7 or more days. Resistant to isoniazid , ethambutol , rifampin and streptomycin . Differential characteristics M. intracellulare and Mycobacterium avium form the M. avium complex MAC . Remarkable ITS heterogeneity within different M. intracellulare isolates. Pathogenesis Most frequently encountered in pulmonary secretions from patients suffering from tuberculosis like disease and from surgical specimens from such patients. When isolated from human secretions , it is often the etiologic agent of pulmonary disease, although frequently isolated as apparent casual resident Biosafety level 2 Type strain First isolated from fatal systemic disease in a child. Found in soil and water . Strain American Type Culture Collection ATCC 13950 CCUG 28005 CIP 104243 DSM 43223 JCM 6384 NCTC 13025. References reflist Gram positive actinobacteria diseases Mycobacteria DEFAULTSORT Mycobacterium Intracellulare Category Acid fast bacilli Category Corynebacterineae Category Nontuberculous mycobacteria Mycobacterium stub ... more details
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