Mycoremediation , a phrase coined by Paul Stamets , is a form of bioremediation , the process of using fungi to degrade or sequester contaminants in the Ecosystem environment . Stimulating microbial and enzyme activity, mycelium reduces toxin s in situ. Some fungi are hyperaccumulators, capable of absorbing and concentrating heavy metals in the mushroom fruit bodies. One of the primary roles of fungi in the ecosystem is decomposition , which is performed by the mycelium. The mycelium secretes extracellular enzymes and acid s that break down lignin and cellulose , the two main building blocks of plant fiber. These are organic compounds composed of long chains of carbon and hydrogen , structurally similar to many organic pollutants. The key to mycoremediation is determining the right fungal species to target a specific pollutant. Certain strains have been reported to successfully degrade the nerve gas es VX nerve agent VX and sarin . File Austernseitling.jpg thumb right Oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus In an experiment conducted in conjunction with Dr. S. A. Thomas , a major contributor in the bioremediation industry, a plot of soil contaminated with Diesel fuel diesel was inoculated with mycelia of oyster mushroom s traditional bioremediation techniques bacteria were used on control plots. After four weeks, more than 95 of many of the PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon s had been reduced to non toxic components in the mycelial inoculated plots. It appears that the natural microbial community participates with the fungi to break down contaminants, eventually into carbon dioxide ... pesticides Battelle, 2000 . The concept of mycoremediation was explored in the 1984 film Nausica ... , Battelle Environmental Issues, Fall 2000. cite book author Singh, Harbhajan title Mycoremediation ... of Mycoremediation for Removal of Fecal Coliform Bacteria and Nutrients in the Dungeness ... and Fungal Protein Molecular Characterization a Mycoremediation Approach Rajeshkumar, 2011 Category ... more details
Infobox Book name Mycelium Running title orig translator image File Mycelium Running.jpg 200px image caption author Paul Stamets illustrator cover artist country United States language English language English series subject Mycoremediation genre publisher Ten Speed Press release date 2005 media type pages 339 isbn 9781580085793 congress oclc preceded by followed by Mycelium Running How Mushrooms Can Help Save The World is a 2005 book by Paul Stamets . The book explores the use and applications of fungi in bioremediation mycoremediation . Stamets details methods of termite and ant control using nontoxic mushroom mycelia and elaborates on fungi that may be able to neutralize anthrax , nerve gas and smallpox . ref cite news author Starhawk title Notes from Underground url http www.yesmagazine.org issues 5000 years of empire notes from underground newspaper YES Magazine date June 21, 2006 ref ref cite news last Hearn first Kelly title Magic Mushrooms url http www.metroactive.com papers sonoma 09.22.04 dining 0439.html newspaper Metro Newspaper date September 22, 2004 ref References Reflist External links http fungi.com books stamets.html Books by Paul Stamets . Fungi Perfecti. DEFAULTSORT Mycelium Running Category 2005 books Category Biology books Category Mycological literature science book stub ... more details
ref MycoremediationMycoremediation is a form of bioremediation in which fungi are used to decontaminate the area. The term mycoremediation refers specifically to the use of fungal mycelium mycelia in bioremediation ... of long chains of carbon and hydrogen , structurally similar to many organic pollutants. The key to mycoremediation ... Mycoremediation Phytoremediation Pseudomonas putida used for degrading oil US Microbics Xenocatabolism ... more details
Image Paul Stamets with Agarikon.jpg right thumb 300px Paul Stamets holding Fomitopsis officinalis . Paul E. Stamets born July 17, 1955 is an American mycology mycologist , author , and advocate of bioremediation and medicinal mushrooms . ref http kexp.org programming progpage.asp?showID 7 recent KEXP Interview with Paul Stamets. ref Research and advocacy Stamets is on the editorial board of The International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, and is an advisor to the Program for Integrative Medicine at the University of Arizona Medical School, Tucson, Arizona . He is active in researching the medicinal properties of mushrooms, ref http www.npr.org templates story story.php?storyId 4783951 NPR Smallpox Defense May Be Found in Mushrooms ref and is involved in two National Institutes of Health NIH funded clinical studies on cancer and HIV treatments using mushrooms as adjunct therapies. Having filed numerous patent s on the Antiviral drug antiviral , pesticide pesticidal , and remediative properties of mushroom mycelia , his work has been called pioneering and visionary. ref http archive.salon.com tech feature 2002 11 25 mushrooms index.html Salon.com Technology How Mushrooms Will Save the World ref A strong advocate of preserving biodiversity , Stamets supports research into the role of mushrooms for Restoration ecology ecological restoration . The author of numerous books and papers on the subject of mushroom identification and cultivation, Stamets has discovered four new species of mushrooms. He is an advocate of the permaculture system of growing, and considers fungiculture a valuable but underutilized aspect of permaculture. He is also a leading researcher into the use of mushrooms in bioremediation , processes he terms mycoremediation and mycofiltration . Stamets was the recipient of the Bioneers Award from Bioneers The Collective Heritage Institute in 1998, ref http www.linktv.org programs bioneers06 ps LinkTV.org Bioneers 06 ref as well as the Founder of a New No ... more details
by vacuum compared to pushing water with a submersible pump. Mycoremediation is a form of bioremediation ... Bay area oil spill in 2007. The key to mycoremediation is determining the right fungal species to target ... more details
Taxobox name image Pleurotus ostreatus JPG7.jpg image width 235px image caption Oyster mushroom in the Havr wood, Belgium regnum Fungi phylum Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Pleurotaceae genus Pleurotus species P. ostreatus binomial Pleurotus ostreatus binomial authority Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin Jacq. ex Elias Magnus Fries Fr. Paul Kummer P.Kumm. 1871 ref name kumm71 mycomorphbox name Pleurotus ostreatus whichGills decurrent capShape offset hymeniumType gills stipeCharacter bare ecologicalType saprotrophic sporePrintColor white howEdible choice Pleurotus ostreatus , the oyster mushroom , is a common edible mushroom. It was first fungiculture cultivated in Germany as a subsistence measure during World War I ref Eger, G., Eden, G. & Wissig,E. 1976 . Pleurotus ostreatus breeding potential of a new cultivated mushroom. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 47 155 163. ref and is now grown commercially around the world for food. However, the first documented cultivation was by Kaufert ref Kaufert, F. 1936 The biology of Pleurotus corticatus Fries. Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 114. ref There is some question about the name Pleurotus corticatus , but no question he cultivated an oyster mushroom. It is related to the similarly cultivated Pleurotus eryngii king oyster mushroom . Oyster mushrooms can also be used industrially for mycoremediation purposes. The oyster mushroom may be considered a medicinal mushroom , since it contains statins such as lovastatin which work to reduce cholesterol . ref name pmid7614366 Cite journal author Gunde Cimerman N, Cimerman A. title Pleurotus fruiting bodies contain the inhibitor of 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase lovastatin. journal Exp Mycol. volume 19 issue 1 pages 1 6 publisher location year 1995 month Mar url doi 10.1006 emyc.1995.1001 pmid 7614366 ref The oyster mushroom is one of the more commonly sought wild mushrooms, though it can also be cultivated on straw and ot ... more details
Taxobox image Oyster mushoom fells.jpg image width 235px image caption Pleurotus ostreatus regnum Fungi phylum Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Agaricales familia Pleurotaceae genus Pleurotus genus authority Elias Magnus Fries Fr. Paul Kummer P. Kumm. 1871 type species Pleurotus ostreatus type species authority Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin Jacq. P. Kumm. 1871 Pleurotus is a genus of Gill mushroom gill ed mushroom s which includes one of the most widely eaten mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus P. ostreatus . Species of Pleurotus may be called oyster , abalone , or tree mushrooms , and are some of the most commonly Fungiculture cultivated edible mushroom s in the world. ref name chang Pleurotus fungi have been used in mycoremediation of pollutants such as petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon s. ref name stamets ref name cohen02 Pleurotus means side ear , from Greek language Greek pleur , side ref name side tos , genitive of ous , ear . ref name ear Description The caps may be laterally attached with no stem . If there is a stem, it is normally eccentric and the gills are decurrent along it. The term Pleurotoid fungi pleurotoid is used for mushrooms having this general shape. ref name Bon The spores are smooth and elongated described as cylindrical . Where hypha e meet, they are joined by clamp connection s. Pleurotus is not considered to be a bracket fungus , and most of the species are monomitic with a soft consistency . However, remarkably, Pleurotus dryinus can sometimes be dimitic , meaning that it has additional skeletal hyphae, which give it a tougher consistency like bracket fungi. ref name Funga Ecology Pleurotus fungi are found in both tropical climate tropical and temperateness temperate climates throughout the world. ref name chang Most species of Pleurotus are wood decay fungus white rot fungi on hardwood trees, although some also decay softwood conifer wood . ref name cohen02 P. eryngii is unusual in its association with her ... more details
Suggestion Sort the tables by date instead of the relatively irrelevant Latin name alphabetical order. Image S cerevisiae under DIC microscopy.jpg right thumb 180px Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryotic organism to have its complete genome sequence determined. This list of sequenced eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryote s known to have publicly available complete Cell nucleus nuclear and organelle genome sequence s that have been assembled, annotated and published draft genomes are not included, nor are organelle only sequences. DNA was first sequenced in 1977. The first free living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae , in 1995. In 1996 Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker s yeast was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be released and in 1998 the first genome sequence for a multicellular eukaryote, Caenorhabditis elegans , was released. Expand list date February 2011 Protists Alveolata Alveolata are a group of protists which includes the Ciliophora , Apicomplexa and Dinoflagellata . Members of this group are of particular interest to science as the cause of serious human and livestock diseases. class wikitable sortable style border 1px solid aaa Organism Type Relevance Genome size Number of genes predicted Organization Year of completion Babesia bovis Apicomplexa n Cattle pathogen 8.2 Mb 3,671 2007 ref name Brayton cite journal author Brayton KA title Genome Sequence of Babesia bovis and Comparative Analysis of Apicomplexan Hemoprotozoa journal PLoS Pathogens volume 3 issue 10 pages 1401 13 year 2007 doi 10.1371 journal.ppat.0030148 pmid 17953480 pmc 2034396 author separator , author2 Lau AOT author3 Herndon DR display authors 3 last4 Hannick first4 Linda last5 Kappmeyer first5 Lowell S. last6 Berens first6 Shawn J. last7 Bidwell first7 Shelby L. last8 Brown first8 Wendy C. last9 Crabtree first9 Jonathan ref Cryptosporidium hominis br small Strain TU502 small Apicomplexa n Human pathogen 10.4 Mb ... more details
Dablink Fungi redirects here. You may be looking for Fungi music or Fungus XM . pp semi small yes pp move indef Taxobox color lightblue name Fungi fossil range Early Devonian Recent but Evolution see text Fossilrange 410 0 image Fungi collage.jpg image width 280px image caption Clockwise from top left Amanita muscaria , a basidiomycete Sarcoscypha coccinea , an ascomycete bread covered in mold a chytrid an Aspergillus conidiophore . image alt A collage of five fungi clockwise from top left a mushroom with a flat, red top with white spots, and a white stem growing on the ground a red cup shaped fungus growing on wood a stack of green and white moldy bread slices on a plate a microscopic, spherical grey colored semitransparent cell, with a smaller spherical cell beside it a microscopic view of an elongated cellular structure shaped like a microphone, attached to the larger end is a number of smaller roughly circular elements that collectively form a mass around it domain Eukaryota unranked regnum Opisthokont a regnum Fungi regnum authority Carolus Linnaeus L. , 1753 R.T. Moore, 1980 ref name Moore1980 subdivision ranks Subkingdoms Phyla Subphyla ref The classification system presented here is based on the 2007 phylogenetic study by Hibbett et al . ref subdivision Blastocladiomycota Chytridiomycota Glomeromycota Microsporidia Neocallimastigomycota Dikarya inc. Deuteromycota Ascomycota Pezizomycotina Saccharomycotina Taphrinomycotina Basidiomycota Agaricomycotina Pucciniomycotina Ustilaginomycotina Subphyla incertae sedis Entomophthoromycotina Kickxellomycotina Mucoromycotina Zoopagomycotina A fungus IPAc en icon f s plural fungi ref IPAc en audio En us fungi.ogg f n d a or IPAc en audio En us fungi 2.ogg f a ref or funguses ref name OxfordDictionary is a member of a large group of Eukaryote eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeast s and mold s spelling differences British English moulds , as well as the more familiar mush ... more details
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