Viralzone Myoviridae Baltimore classification Category Caudovirales Category Bacteriophages ar ca Miov rid de Myoviridae es Myoviridae it Myoviridae pt Myoviridae zh ... more details
Taxobox virus group i ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae genus T4 like viruses subdivision ranks Species subdivision Acinetobacter phage 133 Aeromonas phage 25 Aeromonas phage 44RR2.8t Aeromonas phage 65 Aeromonas phage Aeh1 Aeromonas phage AS4 Enterobacteria phage SV14 Enterobacteria phage T4 Pseudomonas phage 42 Vibrio phage nt 1 T4 like viruses are a family of bacteriophages. ref http www.eol.org Encyclopedia of Life ref References references DEFAULTSORT T4 Like Viruses Category Bacteriophages Category Caudovirales Virus stub ... more details
Taxobox virus group I ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae genus P2 like viruses species Enterobacteria phage P4 Enterobacteria phage P4 also known as satellite phage P4 is a temperate bacteriophage of the family Myoviridae . ref cite journal last Pruss first G coauthors Goldstein, RN, Calendar, R title In vitro packaging of satellite phage P4 DNA journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America date 1974 Jun volume 71 issue 6 pages 2367 71 pmid 4526304 doi 10.1073 pnas.71.6.2367 pmc 388456 ref Structure The P4 virion has a tail and an icosohedral head containing an 11.6 Base pair Length measurements kb genome . ref cite journal last Briani first Federica coauthors Deh , Gianni, Forti, Francesca, Ghisotti, Daniela title The Plasmid Status of Satellite Bacteriophage P4 journal Plasmid year 2002 volume 45 issue 1 pages 1 17 doi 10.1006 plas.2000.1497 pmid 11319927 ref Life cycle Phage P4 infects E. coli Escherichia coli and cannot engage in lytic growth without presence of a Enterobacteria phage P2 P2 related helper phage . It generally follows a lysogeny lysogenic life cycle after infection, the P4 genome integrates into that of its host. The P4 genome can also exist on its own within the host cell and can replicate as a free plasmid . ref cite journal last Christie first GE coauthors Calendar, R title Interactions between satellite bacteriophage P4 and its helpers. journal Annual review of genetics year 1990 volume 24 pages 465 90 pmid 2088176 doi 10.1146 annurev.ge.24.120190.002341 ref External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Taxonomy Browser wwwtax.cgi?mode Info&id 31505&lvl 3&lin f&keep 1&srchmode 1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy References reflist 2 Category Caudovirales Category Bacteriophages virus stub ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Mu phage image image width image caption virus group I ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae genus Mu like viruses species Mu Phage Bacteriophage Mu or phage Mu is a temperate bacteriophage , a type of virus that infects bacteria . Morphology It has an icosahedral head, a contractile tail and 6 tail fibres. ref cite book author Birge, E title Bacterial and bacteriophage genetics edition 4th publisher Springer year 2000 isbn 0387987304 ref Replication It uses DNA based Transposon transposition to integrate its genome into the genome of the host cell that it is infecting. It can then use transposition to initiate its viral DNA replication. Once the viral DNA is inserted into the bacteria, the Mu transposase protein enzyme in the cell recognises the recombination sites at the ends of the viral DNA gix L and gix R sites and binds to them, allowing the process of replicating the viral DNA or embedding it into the host genome. ref cite book author Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P title Molecular Biology of the Cell edition 4th ed. publisher Garland year 2002 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?rid mboc4.TOC&depth 2 isbn 0815332181 ref References Reflist External links http www.expasy.org viralzone all by species 507.html Viralzone mu like viruses DEFAULTSORT Mu Phage Category Bacteriophages Category Microbiology Virus stub ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 Taxobox virus group I ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae genus T4 like viruses species Enterobacteria phage T2 Image Tevenphage.svg thumb right T2 Bacteriophage Enterobacteria phage T2 is a virulent phage bacteriophage of the T4 like viruses genus, in the family Myoviridae . It infects E. coli Escherichia coli and is the best known of the T even phages. Its virus virion contains linear double stranded DNA , terminally redundant and circularly permuted. The phage is covered by a protective protein coat, which normally contains sulfur. In addition, the only molecule in the phage that contains phosphorus is its DNA . This phage can quickly turn an E. coli cell into a T2 producing factory that releases phages when the cell ruptures. Hershey Chase experiment Experiments conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase displayed that the DNA of viruses is injected into the bacterial cells, while most of the viral proteins remain outside. The injected DNA molecules cause the bacterial cells to produce more viral DNA and proteins. These discoveries supported that DNA, rather than proteins, is the hereditary material. The first phages that were studied in detail included seven that commonly infect E. coli. They were named Type 1 T1 , Type 2 T2 , etc., for easy reference, but as it happens T2, T4 and T6 are structurally similar polyhedral head, tail structure and fibres for attaching to the surface of a bacterium , and this easily recognizable shape is now referred to as the T Even phage. Like all viruses, T Even phages cannot reproduce extracellularly. They need a host cell in which to replicate their genetic material. An organism which reproduces like this is called an obligate parasite, and in the case of the T Even phages, the process ends in the cell s death. The phage can attach to the surface of a bacterium using the proteins on its feet tail fibres , and inject its genetic material either, but not both, DNA or RNA . This genetic material uses the host ... more details
or oblate heads but differ in the length and contractile abilities of their tails. The Myoviridae .... Bradley referred to the what is now known as the Myoviridae as type A, Siphonviridae as type B, and the Podoviridae ... more details
Bacteriophage P2 is a temperate phage that infects E. coli . It is a tailed virus with a contractile sheath and is thus classified in the family Myoviridae and the order Caudovirales . This class of viruses includes many P2 like phages as well as the satellite phage Enterobacteria phage P4 P4 . ref cite journal last Bowden first DW coauthors Modrich, P title In vitro maturation of circular bacteriophage P2 DNA. Purification of ter components and characterization of the reaction. journal The Journal of biological chemistry date 1985 Jun 10 volume 260 issue 11 pages 6999 7007 pmid 2987239 ref File phageP2.jpg thumb Enterobacteria phage P2 Virion structure Phage P2 has a double stranded DNA genome packaged in an icosahedral capsid with a diameter of 60 nanometers that is connected to a 135 nanometer long tail. Presence of phage P4 can cause P2 to form smaller capsids. ref cite journal last Dearborn first AD coauthors Laurinmaki, P, Chandramouli, P, Rodenburg, CM, Wang, S, Butcher, SJ, Dokland, T title Structure and size determination of bacteriophage P2 and P4 procapsids Function of size responsiveness mutations. journal Journal of structural biology date 2012 Apr 9 pmid 22508104 ref The tail ends in a baseplate which is the control hub for phage infectivity. The baseplate includes 6 tail fibers which initially bind to receptors on the bacterial cell wall and a tail spike protein that subsequently binds irreversibly to other receptors on the cell wall. References Reflist virus stub Category Bacteriophages ... more details
species of the Euryarchaeota . Taxonomy Order Caudovirales Family Myoviridae includes Enterobacteria ... Myoviridae and poxviruses Poxviridae were not clearly resolved. A second study showed that poxvirus ... proteins. J Virol 74 15 7079 7084 ref Their relationship to the Asfarviridae and the Myoviridae ... phages Myoviridae . ref name Shutt2005 Shutt TE, Gray MW 2005 Bacteriophage origins of mitochondrial ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Enterobacteria phage T4 image Tevenphage.svg image width 300px image caption Structural overview of the T4 phage virus group I ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae genus T4 like viruses species T4 Phage t 4 bacteriophage is a bacteriophage that infects E. coli bacterium bacteria . Its double stranded DNA genome is about 169 Base pair kbp long ref cite journal last Miller first ES coauthors Kutter, E, Mosig, G, Arisaka, F, Kunisawa, T, R ger, W title Bacteriophage T4 genome. journal Microbiology and molecular biology reviews MMBR date 2003 Mar volume 67 issue 1 pages 86 156, table of contents pmid 12626685 ref and is held in an icosahedron icosahedral head, also known as a capsid . T4 is a relatively large phage , at approximately 90 nanometer nm wide and 200 nm long most phages range from 25 to 200 nm in length . Its tail fibres allow attachment to a host cell, and the T4 s tail is hollow so that it can pass its nucleic acid to the cell it is infecting during attachment. T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic lytic lifecycle and not the lysogeny lysogenic lifecycle . Infection process The T4 Phage initiates an E. coli infection by recognizing cell surface receptors of the host with its long tail fibers LTF . A recognition signal is sent through the LTFs to the baseplate. This unravels the short tail fibers STF that bind irreversibly to the E. coli cell surface. The baseplate changes conformation and the tail sheath contracts causing GP5 at the end of the tail tube to puncture the outer cell membrane membrane of the cell. The lysozyme domain of GP5 is activated and degrades the periplasmic peptidoglycan layer. The remaining part of the membrane is degraded and then DNA from the head of the phage can travel through the tail tube and enter the E. coli . Life cycle The lytic cycle lytic lifecycle from entering a bacterium to its destruction takes approximately 30 minutes at 37 C and consists of Citation needed date January 2009 Adso ... more details
A mycobacteriophage is a member of a group of bacteriophages known to have mycobacteria as host bacterial species. While originally isolated from the bacterial species Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis ref cite journal last MANKIEWICZ first E. title Mycobacteriophages isolated from Persons with Tuberculous and Non tuberculous Conditions journal Nature year 1961 volume 191 issue 4796 pages 1416 1417 doi 10.1038 1911416b0 ref , the causative agent of tuberculosis , more than 2,400 mycobacteriophage have since been isolated from various environmental and clinical sources. More than 300 have been completely sequenced ref name phagesdb http phagesdb.org Mycobacteriophage Database ref . Mycobacteriophages have served as examples of viral Lysogenic cycle lysogeny and of the divergent morphology and genetic arrangement characteristic of many phage types ref cite journal last Hatfull first Graham F. title Mycobacteriophages Genes and Genomes journal Annual Review of Microbiology date 13 October 2010 volume 64 issue 1 pages 331 356 doi 10.1146 annurev.micro.112408.134233 ref . All mycobacteriophages found thus far have had dsDNA double stranded DNA genomes and have been classified by their structure and appearance into siphoviridae or myoviridae ref cite journal last Pope first Welkin H. coauthors Jacobs Sera, Deborah, Russell, Daniel A., Peebles, Craig L., Al Atrache, Zein, Alcoser, Turi A., Alexander, Lisa M., Alfano, Matthew B., Alford, Samantha T., Amy, Nichols E., Anderson, Marie D., Anderson, Alexander G., Ang, Andrew A. S., Ares, Manuel, Barber, Amanda J., Barker, Lucia P., Barrett, Jonathan M., Barshop, William D., Bauerle, Cynthia M., Bayles, Ian M., Belfield, Katherine L., Best, Aaron A., Borjon, Agustin, Bowman, Charles A., Boyer, Christine A., Bradley, Kevin W., Bradley, Victoria A., Broadway, Lauren N., Budwal, Keshav, Busby, Kayla N., Campbell, Ian W., Campbell, Anne M., Carey, Alyssa, Caruso, Steven M., Chew, Rebekah D., Cockburn, Chelsea L ... more details
Taxobox color violet name P1 phage image image width image caption virus group I ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae genus P1 like viruses species P1 Phage P1 is a Temperateness virology temperate bacteriophage phage that infects Escherichia coli and a some other bacteria. When undergoing a lysogenic cycle the phage genome exists as a plasmid in the bacterium ref name Lobocka2004 Cite journal doi 10.1128 JB.186.21.7032 7068.2004 issn 0021 9193 volume 186 issue 21 pages 7032 7068 last obocka first Ma gorzata B. coauthors Debra J. Rose, Guy Plunkett, Marek Rusin, Arkadiusz Samojedny, Hansj rg Lehnherr, Michael B. Yarmolinsky, Frederick R. Blattner title Genome of Bacteriophage P1 journal Journal of Bacteriology date 2004 11 pmc 523184 url http jb.asm.org content 186 21 7032 ref unlike other phages e.g. the lambda phage that integrate into the host DNA. P1 has an icosahedral head containing the DNA attached to a contractile tail with six tail fibers. The P1 phage has gained research interest because it can be used to create the P1 derived artificial chromosome cloning vector which can carry relatively large fragments of DNA. Also, P1 encodes a site specific recombinase, Cre, that is widely used to carry out cell specific or time specific DNA recombination by flanking the target DNA with loxP sites. see Cre Lox recombination Morphology The virion is similar in structure to the T4 phage but simpler. ref name Lobocka2004 It has an icosahedral head ref Cite journal issn 0022 538X volume 45 issue 3 pages 1118 1139 last Walker first J T coauthors D H Walker title Coliphage P1 morphogenesis analysis of mutants by electron microscopy. journal Journal of Virology date 1983 03 pmc 256520 ref containing the genome attached at one vertex to the tail. The tail has a tube surrounded by a contractile sheath. It ends in a base plate with six tail fibres. The tail fibres are involved in attaching to the host and providing specificity. Genome The genome of the P1 phage is moderately l ... more details
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