Esperanto sidebar expanded Culture NativeEsperantospeakers in Esperanto denaskuloj or denaskaj esperantistoj are born into families in which Esperanto is spoken usually along with other languages . This usually occurs when the parents meet each other at an Esperanto gathering but do not know each other s native language. Often one or both parents choose to use Esperanto as the main language in communicating ... of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. List of nativespeakers Below is a list of noted nativeEsperantospeakers. Note This list is only for such nativespeakers, for whom the fact that they are native ... families http www.delbarrio.eu 2008 05 speaking esperanto like native.html About nativeEsperantospeakers DEFAULTSORT NativeEsperantoSpeakers Category Constructed language speakers Category Esperanto culture Category NativeEsperantospeakers ca Parlants natius d esperanto cs Esperant t rodil ..., learn or at least comprehend spoken Esperanto. Esperanto is not the primary language of any geographic region, outside of temporary gatherings such as conventions like the World Congress of Esperanto and isolated offices such as the World Esperanto Association s central office in Rotterdam . Consequently, nativespeakers have limited opportunity to meet one another except where meetings ... ref Failed verification date August 2010 The most famous native speaker of Esperanto is businessman ... som morsm l pt Falantes nativos do esperanto ru simple NativeEsperantospeakers sk Esperantsk roden hovoriaci uk zh ... children acquire their native languages those children then become natively multilingual. fact date May 2011 comment If Esperanto is their mother tongue, how would it make them multilingual? It also happens that the parents use Esperanto between themselves, but use another language when speaking ... regularly to Esperanto conventions. Similarly, the annual Children s Congress of Esperanto Infana Kongreseto ... more details
languages . The nativespeakers of Hindi so defined accounts for about 43 of Indians. Indian English is recorded as the native language of 226,449 Indians in the 2001 census. English is the second ... and Kurukh language Kurukh 0.10 List by number of nativespeakers See List of languages by number of nativespeakers Ordered by number of speakers as first language . Indian population in 1991 exhibited 19.4 of bilingualism and 7.2 of trilingualism , so that the total percentage of native languages is at about 127 . More than one million speakers The 2001 census recorded 29 individual languages as having more than 1 million nativespeakers 0.1 of total population . class wikitable sortable Table Ordered by number of nativespeakers Rank Language colspan 2 class unsortable Indian census 2001 census ... are SIL Ethnologue estimates class wikitable estimated nativespeakers Gaddi language Gaddi 120,000 ... Abstract of speakers strength of languages and mother tongues 2000 , Census of India, 2001 ... speakers small Speakers Percentage Speakers Percentage Speakers 1 Hindi languages Hindi ref includes ..., Mao Maram and Purul sub divisions of Senapati district of Manipur for 2001. br The percentage of speakers ... of census results. 100,000 to one million speakers class wikitable Rank Language colspan 2 class unsortable 2001 census Speakers Percentage 30 Kui language India Kui 916,222 31 Garo language ... language Thado 107,992 0.013 57 Tangkhul languages Tangkhul 101,841 0.012 10,000 to 100,000 speakers ... LANGUAGES IN DESCENDING ORDER OF SPEAKERS STRENGTH 2001 http www.censusindia.gov.in Census Data 2001 ... ORDER OF SPEAKERS STRENGTH 1971, 1981, 1991 AND 2001 http www.censusindia.gov.in Census Data 2001 ... more details
. estimated nativespeakers, ordered by number of speakers. Since the definition of a single Dialect ... different years. More than 100 million nativespeakers class wikitable sortable Language Family style width 15 Native ref name ethnologue1 style width 15 Total ref name ethnologue1 style width ... span style display none 0 span 10 50 to 100 million nativespeakers class wikitable sortable Language Family style width 15 Native ref name ethnologue1 style width 5 Total ref name ethnologue1 style ... , Romance languages Romance 68 million 2005 120 million 128 million native and real speakers includes ... half the population in Italy 30 to 50 million nativespeakers Ordinal rankings are not given ... , Sinitic languages Chinese 30 million 1984 10 to 30 million nativespeakers Ordinal rankings are not given ... 24 million are nativespeakers of the language ref Latin Union The odyssey of languages http dpel.unilat.org .... 5 to 10 million nativespeakers class wikitable sortable Language Family Native ref name ethnologue1 .... Guarani language Guarani Tupi languages Tupi 4.9 million 1995 3 to 5 million nativespeakers class ...pp semi indef For various estimates of the total speakers of the top dozen languages List of languages by total number of speakers File Human Language Families wikicolors .png thumb 275px Current distribution ... for many languages, an old date means that the current number of speakers will be substantially ... Romance 329 million 1986 2000 span style display none 0390 span 390 million 400 million native ... 375 million First language L1 speakers, 375 million Second language L2 speakers, and 750 million English as a foreign or second language EFL speakers. Totaling about 1.5 billion speakers. ref name BritishCouncilEnglish ... million total speakers. ref cite web title A guide to Urdu why learn Urdu? url http www.bbc.co.uk languages ... 0452 span 452 million 1999 280 million native. ref Proch zka, S. 2006 , Arabic , Encyclopedia of Language ... million native, 240 million total. ref cite web url http diario.iol.pt sociedade lingua portuguesa ... more details
NativeEsperantospeakersNative 200 to 1,000 date 1996 speakers2 Second language L2 users 10,000 ... of Esperantospeakers range from 10,000 to 2,000,000 active or fluent speakers, as well as NativeEsperantospeakersnativespeakers , that is, people who learned Esperanto from their parents as one of their native languages. Esperanto is spoken in about 115 countries. Usage is particularly high in Europe, East Asia, and South America. ref Overview of the spread of Esperantospeakers http www.pasportaservo.org ... to 150,000 of these being in the European Union. Nativespeakers Main NativeEsperantospeakers Ethnologue relates estimates that there are 200 to 2000 nativeEsperantospeakers denaskuloj , who ... successful invented language ever. It has thousands of speakers even nativespeakers and that s a major ... , the Americas , China , and Japan . In the early years, speakers of Esperanto kept in contact primarily ... world congress of Esperantospeakers was held in Boulogne sur Mer , France. Since then world congresses ... s original documents were influenced by the native languages of early speakers, primarily Russian ... largely unfamiliar to English speakersEsperanto j has a y sound, as in hallelujah hallelu j ah or J germeister ... and legends about dragons circulate. Education The majority of Esperantospeakers learn the language ... a nation of Esperantospeakers, but as a preparation for learning other languages. ref cite web ... of Esperantospeakers was made by Sidney S. Culbert , a retired psychology professor at the University of Washington and a longtime Esperantist, who tracked down and tested Esperantospeakers in sample ... speakers , scanned and HTMLized by David Wolff ref Culbert s estimate was not made for Esperanto ... for Esperantospeakers is shown as two million. This latter figure appears in Ethnologue . Assuming ... speakers were evenly distributed, assuming one million Esperantospeakers worldwide would lead ... to have a larger than average concentration of Esperantospeakers. He also notes that there are a total ... more details
Use dmy dates date January 2012 Infobox website name Wiki favicon Esperanto Wikipedia logo File Wikipedia logo v2 eo.png Logo of the Esperanto Wikipedia screenshot File Current Esperanto Wikipedia main page.png border 300px Screenshot of the Esperanto Wikipedia home page. collapsible yes caption Screenshot of the Esperanto Wikipedia home page. url http eo.wikipedia.org eo.wikipedia.org commercial No location type Internet encyclopedia project language Esperanto registration Optional owner Wikimedia Foundation author The Esperanto Wikipedia lang eo Vikipedio en Esperanto , IPA all vikipe di.o en espe ranto IPA or lang eo esperanta Vikipedio IPA all espe ranta vikipe di.o is the Esperanto edition ... http meta.wikimedia.org wiki List of Wikipedias by language group ref The Esperanto Wikipedia started ... in Esperanto The Esperanto Wikipedia community has created and published a 40 page Wikipedia Practical ... to give new Wikipedians advice and information on how to edit Wikipedia in Esperanto. It is currently in its second printing. Quality of the Esperanto Wikipedia align right bar box title Origin of edits ... 2012, the Esperanto Wikipedia has 233 articles of Wikipedia Featured articles feature quality ... of the Week featuring good quality articles on the front page. The Esperanto community is a frequent ... should have , Esperanto ranks 37 sup th sup , lacking almost none of the list of vital articles, but having in general relatively short articles. On 18 November 2008, the Esperanto Wikipedia implemented the Wikipedia Flagged revisions Flagged revisions extension. As of February 2012, The Esperanto ... by speakers per article List of Wikipedias by speakers per article ref These figures were based on Ethnologue s estimate of 2,000,000 Esperantospeakers. Notability within the Esperanto community File 2008 07 25 uk vp pavla dvorakova.JPG thumb 300px One of the Wikipedia meetups at World Esperanto ... Esperantists and native Esperantists have joined the project. At least three editors are members ... more details
1905 in Boulogne sur Mer , France. There were 688 Esperantospeakers present from 20 nationalities. At this congress, Zamenhof officially resigned his leadership of the Esperanto movement, as he ... of Neutral Moresnet , between Belgium and Germany, had a sizable proportion of Esperantospeakers among its small and multiethnic population. There was a proposal to make Esperanto its official language. In the early 1920s, there was a proposal for the League of Nations to accept Esperanto ... murdered many Esperantospeakers because of their nationalism anti nationalistic tendencies. Hitler ... to that which natural languages enjoy by virtue of their nativespeakers and established bodies of literature ... network of Esperantospeakers who host Esperantists traveling through their countries. 1967 ...Use dmy dates date October 2011 Esperanto sidebar expanded History The constructed language constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto was developed in the 1870s and 80s by L. L. Zamenhof , and first published in 1887. The number of speakers has grown gradually over time, although it has ... suppressed. Development of the language before publication details Proto Esperanto Zamenhof ... be recognisable to the largest number of people. Zamenhof taught an Proto Esperanto early version .... This was essentially the language spoken today. Esperanto history from publication until the first ... States, Guinea, Indochina , New Zealand, Tonkin , and Uruguay in 1905. In its first years Esperanto ... of the Table of correlatives Esperanto table of correlatives with more Latinate words or phrases ... such as Ido and criticisms of the language. In the following decade Esperanto spread into western .... He proposed a Declaration of Boulogne declaration on founding principles of the Esperanto movement, which the attendees of the congress endorsed. Esperanto history since the first congress World ... as the international language and saw Esperanto as a threat. However, two years later the League recommended ... more details
attempts, none has as many speakers or as extensive a Esperanto literature body of literature as Esperanto. The only ones with any significant number of speakers are Ido , an Esperantido Esperanto ...Esperanto sidebar expanded Criticism Esperanto was conceived as a language of international communication ... whether it is possible for Esperanto to attain this position, and whether it would be an improvement ... been numerous objections to Esperanto over the years. For example, there have been criticism that Esperanto is not neutral enough, but also that it should convey a specific culture, which would make it less neutral that Esperanto does not draw on a wide enough selection of the world s languages ..., Esperantists often argue for Esperanto as an ethnically neutral means of communication. However, it is often ... advantage to speakers of any of them. Although a truly representative sampling of the world s thousands ... many as being fairer than Esperanto like solutions, as these families cover about 60 of the world s population, compared to a quarter for Romance and Germanic. Artificiality On the other hand, speakers of Western European languages often complain that the orthography and endings in Esperanto can ... quarto , but Esperanto kvarono derived regularly from the numeral kvar four , as German Viertel ... , French gouvernement , Interlingua governamento , but Esperanto registaro derived regularly from the verb ... to be learned, and helps non European speakers. As the examples above show, the difference is primarily with Anglo Romance, not with European languages as a whole. According to the critics, Esperanto ... be a consensus of the Western European languages. Esperanto has no culture This criticism is leveled ... Esperantists maintain that Esperanto does have an international culture, or interculture , developed over the past century, which includes among other things a significant original Esperanto literature literature that provides the Esperanto community with a common background &mdash a distinctive ... more details
Esperanto sidebar expanded Culture Esperanto literature began before the official publication of the constructed language Esperanto the language s creator, L. L. Zamenhof , translated poetry and prose ..., Unua Libro . Other early speakers wrote poetry, stories and essays in the language Henri Vallienne was the first to write novels in Esperanto. Except for a handful of poems, most of the literature from Esperanto s first twenty years or so is now regarded as of historical interest only. Image Uk 2008 libroservo.JPG thumb left Esperanto books at the World Esperanto Congress , Rotterdam 2008 Between .... Esperanto has seen a solid production of material in Braille since the work of the blind Russian ... harold brown author verkisto.webs.com Harold Brown wrote several modern plays in Esperanto. Over 25,000 books in Esperanto have been published, and the largest Esperanto book service at the World Esperanto ... in Esperanto, plus a larger number of novellas, short story collections, and poetry collections. Two ... is Geoffrey Sutton s Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto 728 pages , published under the auspices of the Esperanto speaking Writers Association by MONDIAL, New York, N.Y., 2008 ... figures of Esperanto literature Marjorie Boulton William Auld Julio Baghy Kazimierz Bein translations ... Raymond Schwartz Vladimir Varankin Kitzo Hekotormos See also Esperanto culture References The Esperanto Book , http donh.best.vwh.net Esperanto EBook chap09.html Chapter 9 The Literary Scene by Don Harlow. 1995. La Fenomeno Esperanto by William Auld. UEA, 1988. External links http www.gutenberg.org browse languages eo Writings in Esperanto at Project Gutenberg Category Esperanto literature ca Literatura en esperanto cs Esperantsk literatura de Esperanto Literatur es Literatura en esperanto eo Esperantlingva literaturo fr Litt rature esp rantophone it Letteratura in esperanto nl Esperantoliteratuur ja pt Literatura em esperanto ro Literatur n esperanto ru ... more details
Esperanto sidebar expanded Culture The language Esperanto is often used to access an international culture , including a large body of original as well as translated Esperanto literature literature . There are over 25,000 Esperanto books originals and translations as well as over a hundred regularly distributed List of Esperanto magazines Esperanto magazines . Many Esperantospeakers use the language ... There are cultural commonalities between Esperantospeakers, which is a distinctive feature of a cultural ... s birthday , Esperantospeakers around the world celebrate Zamenhof Day , sometimes relabelled Esperanto ... of a neutral language. Nonetheless Esperantospeakers may or may not agree whether the stated ... pal s in many countries around the world using services like the Esperanto Pen Pal Service. Every year, Esperantospeakers meet for the World Congress of Esperanto Universala Kongreso de Esperanto . These attract around 1500 3000 speakers, and the best attended conferences are regularly those held in Central Europe Central or Eastern Europe , close to the birthplace of Esperanto see statistics at World Congress of Esperanto . Literature, music and film Every year, hundreds of new titles are published in Esperanto along with Esperanto music music . Also, many Esperanto newspapers and magazines ... 1920. Esperanto can be heard in television and radio broadcasts and on the internet. There are currently ... most of the Esperanto music music published in Esperanto has been in various folk traditions in recent ... the first full length feature film in Esperanto, entitled Angoroj . This was followed in 1965 by the first American Esperanto production Incubus 1965 film Incubus , starring William Shatner . Several shorter Esperanto film films have been produced since. As of 2003 alt As of July 2003 , the Esperanto language Wikipedia eo Esperanto filmo lists 14 films and 3 short films. Image 2008 07 24 uk pilipovicx 02.JPG thumb left The Serbian actor Sasha Pilipovic presents his cabaret at the World Esperanto ... more details
Infobox Non profit Non profit name Esperanto League for North America, Inc. br d b a Esperanto USA Non profit logo File Esperanto USA logo.png centre 200 px founded date 1952 br Sacramento, California ... language , communication homepage http www.esperanto usa.org www.esperanto usa.org Esperanto sidebar expanded Associations The Esperanto League for North America , Inc. Doing business as d b a Esperanto USA , or E USA , is the main organization of speakers and supporters of the international language Esperanto in the United States . It was founded in 1952 in Sacramento, California . Headquartered in Emeryville , California, Esperanto USA is a 501 c 3 nonprofit organization and is the US section of the World Esperanto Association Universala Esperanto Asocio . The current president of E USA is Orlando Raola. Phil Dorcas is the vice president. Esperanto USA administers the largest Esperanto ... publishes reference works about Esperanto. The organization s leadership consists of a president ... for Esperanto USA s activity in various connections e.g. audio visual service cooperation with libraries relations with local Esperanto clubs etc. Membership is about 650. The youth section of E USA ... Esperanto organization for the US was the Esperanto Association of North America EANA . In the early ..., had begun his own McCarthyism McCarthyite attacks against leaders of the Esperanto movement in Europe and Asia . The Universala Esperanto Asocio began debate into whether to expel Connor, who also ... national association. In protest against EANA, American esperantists founded the Esperanto League ... the name Esperanto USA as an alias, while retaining the formal, official name Esperanto League for North America Esperanto Ligo por Norda Ameriko in Esperanto . Among other reasons, the change was made ... convention called a congress in accordance with Esperanto movement usage every year since 1953, usually in the United States but occasionally in Canada or Mexico meeting jointly with the Canadian Esperanto ... more details
the star should be 10 to 3.5. ref eo Esperanta Flago ref Some Esperantospeakers consider the traditional ..., to make themselves known to other Esperantospeakers. Flag variants In 1905, delegates to the first ...Globalize date December 2009 Esperanto sidebar expanded Culture Since the earliest days of Esperanto , the colour green has been used as a symbol of mutual recognition and it appears prominently in all Esperanto symbols. The Green Star verda stelo was first proposed in an 1892 article in La Esperantisto The Esperantist for use as a symbol of mutual recognition among esperantists. The Esperanto flag is composed of a green background with a white square in the upper lefthand corner, which in turn contains ... , Africa . The flag was created by the Esperanto Club of Boulogne sur Mer , initially for their own use, but was adopted as the flag of the worldwide Esperanto movement by a decision of the first Universal Congress of Esperanto , which took place in 1905 in that town. By recommendation of the board of the Universala Esperanto Asocio World Esperanto Association , the flag should have the following ... ian Esperantist to mark the centenary of the creation of Esperanto. On the other hand, this new ... of one symbol over another as a purely personal choice. At most Esperanto congresses, all three main symbols can be seen in use on displays or being worn as badges. Sometimes, Esperanto travellers ... to red. ref http www.fotw.net flags qy eo.html vars ref Appearance On December 15, 2009, the Esperanto ... Finvenkismo gallery File Flag of Esperanto.svg The Esperanto Flag File Jubilea simbolo.svg Jubilee symbol File Esperanto star.svg A stylized green star gallery DEFAULTSORT Esperanto Symbols Category Esperanto culture Flag Category International flags Category Star symbols cs Symboly esperanta de Esperanto Symbole es S mbolos del esperanto eo Esperanto simbolo ko hy it Simboli dell esperanto nl Symbolen van Esperanto ja pt S mbolos Esperantistas ru ... more details
Esperanto sidebar expanded Language Esperanto profanity is the profanity profane or Decency indecent vocabulary of Esperanto . Some profane words in Esperanto were formulated out of the core vocabulary ... formed Esperanto words. Others represent informal neologism s that remain technically outside of the defined vocabulary of the language, but have become established by usage. Types of profanity in EsperantoEsperanto distinguishes between profanity and obscenity this distinction is not always made in English . Profanity in Esperanto is called eo sakro sakro , after the older French sacre , ref ... speakers would call oath s religious or impious references used as interjection s, or to excoriate the subject of the speaker s anger. According to Renato Corsetti , former president of the World Esperanto ... sian indignon a koleron a similan senton, ne alparolante rekte difinitan homon. ref Obscenity in Esperanto ... ignoble . ref eo Latina obscaena ref These are the Esperanto words that refer to sexual acts and bodily functions in non clinical ways. Sources of Esperanto profanity As a constructed language ... large in either the Unua Libro nor in the Fundamento de Esperanto . According to Alos and Velkov, n ... nevertheless, they all tried to make Esperanto a real language. ref Alos and Velkov Nek Zamenhof ... klopodis fari el Esperanto realan lingvon. ref Alos and Velkov s remarks suggest a belief that a language ... of making Esperanto more real in this sense, Esperantists have created or invented the vocabulary ... sexual expressions in Esperanto. In 1981, Hektor Alos and Kiril Velkov published a small pamphlet on Tabuaj vortoj en Esperanto vortaro, kun ekzemploj pri praktika uzado Taboo words in Esperanto a dictionary with examples for practical use that also discussed Esperanto sexual expressions and oaths their pamphlet was distributed by the major Esperanto language book services. In 1987, Renato Corsetti , who later became president of the World Esperanto Association , published Knedu min, Sinjorino ... more details
a computer input device, as in English . There are frequent debates among Esperantospeakers .... Native English speakers, among others, tend to treat kuzo a cousin and amiko a friend as gender ... inexpensive failing to find favor even among native English speakers. Two root antonyms ... in the source language, as the resulting form may not be readily recognized by nativespeakers ...Use dmy dates date September 2011 Esperanto sidebar expanded Language The word base of Esperanto was originally ... some 900 root words. The rules of the language allow speakers to borrow words as needed, recommending ... the first Esperanto dictionary, Universala vortaro, which was written in five languages and supplied ... the meaning of existing words. Origins Main Esperanto etymology Esperanto occupies a middle ... the words have no historical connection to other languages. In Esperanto, root word s are borrowed ... Esperanto easier to learn than ethnic languages was by creating a regular and highly productive ... reduced, making Esperanto a more agglutinative language than most European languages. It has been estimated that on average one root linguistics root in Esperanto is the communicative equivalent of ten ... vocabulary, which most Europeans see as international and therefore take into Esperanto en masse, despite ... frequent debates as to whether a particular root is justified, and sometimes results in duplicates of native ... in ethnic languages are motivated by nationalism or issues of cultural identity, in Esperanto the debates ... sight from vidi to see , is covered in the article on Esperanto grammar . What follows is a list of what .... They are called affixes mainly because they derive from affixes in Esperanto s source languages ... of a girl ulo a fellow ligne grise um undefined ad hoc suffix br used sparingly see Esperanto ... and ilo an instrument . Compounds Compound words in Esperanto are similar to English, in that the final ..., which do not have voiceless equivalents in Esperanto, so the o may be safely dropped from vel ipo ... more details
, except in the nonce word egzismo itself. In practice, most Esperantospeakers assimilate both ...Esperanto sidebar expanded Language IPA notice The creator of Esperanto , L. L. Zamenhof , illustrated Esperanto pronunciation by comparing its letters with their equivalents in several major European ... be considered a model for Esperanto. With over a century of use, Esperanto has developed a phonological ... normo en Esperanto , Lingvaj kaj historiaj analizoj. Aktoj de la 28 a Esperantologia Konferenco en la 90 a Universala Kongreso de Esperanto ref phonotactics , ref http bertilow.com pmeg skribo elparolo ... home wells frazmelodio plena.doc ref so that it is now possible to speak of proper Esperanto ... Esperanto. This norm diverges only minimally from the original ideal of one letter, one sound ... elparolo bazaj reguloj.html ref Before Esperanto phonotactics became fixed, foreign words were ... to pronounce. ref but had been used by Zamenhof, is well established. Inventory The riginal Esperanto ... . ref Plena analiza gramatiko, 22 ref It has been argued By whom date November 2011 that the Esperanto ... important to L. L. Zamenhof Zamenhof , the creator of Esperanto. The essential difference from Belarusian and Polish is the absence of palatalization , although this was present in Proto Esperanto ... of a diphthong o IPA ou , though that was added to Esperanto to a minor degree after its creation ... or la baseno . Orthography and pronunciation main Esperanto orthography The Esperanto alphabet ... v z z IPAblink z Minimal pairs On the other hand, the distinctions between several Esperanto consonants ... to have also provided the model for Esperanto s diphthongs, as well as the complementary distribution ... this was modified slightly, with Belarusian o corresponding to Esperanto ov as in bovlo , and being restricted to the sequences a , e in Esperanto. While v and may both occur between vowels, as in na a ... a role. By default, Esperanto is trochee trochaic stress tends to hit alternate syllables sper nto ... more details
Citations missing article date March 2010 Wiktionary The term native can have many different social and political connotations in different contexts. In some cases it is a neutral, descriptive term, for example, when stating that one is a native of a particular city or that a certain language is one s native language. However, in the context of colonialism &mdash in particular, British colonialism&mdash the term natives , as applied to the inhabitants of colonies, assumed a disparaging and patronising sense, implying that the people concerned were incapable of taking care of themselves and in need of Europeans to administer their lives Citation needed date July 2010 therefore, these people resent the use of the term and consider it insulting, and at present English speakers usually avoid using it. This connotation has also led to controversy over the preference of the terms Native American ... uses Native may also refer to Native band , a contemporary French R&B band Native metal Native comics , a character in the X Men comics universe Nationality and language Native language and Native speaker as opposed to foreign language and non Native speaker Native born citizen as opposed to foreign ... affinity with societies endemic to their original territories Native means living in the area ... Native plant Permaculture Wildcrafting Computing In computing, software has a native mode when it is written for a specific Central processing unit processor see wikt native Adjective native on Wiktionary . In computing, software has a native support when it is written for a specific operating system . Other NATIVE Northeast Arizona Technological Institute of Vocational Education , a joint technology school district serving the Arizona portion of the Navajo Nation See also Native Speaker , a book by Pee Lee Native Language Music , a record label Indigenous ecology , species present by nature, not introduced ... references disambig fr Natif ja simple Native ... more details
Esperanto sidebar expanded Language For Esperanto morphology, see also Esperanto vocabulary Esperanto ... regular grammar makes Esperanto much easier to learn than most other languages of the world, though ... are straightforward, allowing speakers to communicate with a much smaller root vocabulary than ... Complete Handbook of Esperanto Grammar by Bertilo Wennergren . Grammatical summary Esperanto has ... . These concepts are illustrated below. Script and pronunciation Main Esperanto orthography Esperanto ... digraph s such as English ch and sh unnecessary. Alternatively, Esperanto may be written with English ..., the Esperanto alphabet resembles the Czech alphabet , but with circumflex es rather than h ek s on the letters ... to Esperanto, though it also has a letter that is shared with the Belarusian language Belarusian acinka alphabet. Zamenhof suggested Italian language Italian as a model for Esperanto pronunciation . The article Esperanto has a single definite article , la, which is invariable. It is similar ... Esperanto unu corresponds to English a , when the a indicates specificity. Consider, for example ..., too much , not counting the adverbs among the Table of correlatives Esperanto correlatives . See special Esperanto adverbs . Other parts of speech occur as bare roots, without special suffixes. These are the prepositions ... of pronouns in Esperanto personal vi you , demonstrative tio that , iu someone , and relative interrogative kio what . Personal pronouns This section is linked from Grammatical gender The Esperanto personal ... greeted his friends . Esperanto does not have separate forms for the possessive pronoun s this sense ... of correlatives Esperanto correlative system , and are described in that article. The pronouns ... normally the es words are simply not inflected for case. ref Prepositions Although Esperanto word ... , dative , etc. , in Esperanto all prepositions govern the nominative por Johano for John . The only ... mordita de hundo bitten by a dog However, English of corresponds to several Esperanto prepositions ... more details
wiktionarypar EsperantoEsperanto is an International auxiliary language . But the term may also refer to Esperanto band Esperanto band , a 1970s progressive rock band Esperanto, an album and a song on that album of Freundeskreis , a German band Esperanto, a music track from the album Remastered Tracks Rockman Zero PHYSIS Esperanto, a song by musician Shawn Lane 1421 Esperanto , an asteroid of the asteroid belt disambig es Esperanto desambiguaci n eo Esperanto apartigilo fa fr Esp ranto homonymie ko ja pt Esperanto desambigua o sk Esperanto rozli ovacia str nka ... more details
Infobox language name Proto Esperanto nativename Pra Esperantospeakers 0 date NA familycolor Constructed language fam2 international auxiliary language iso2 art script Latin script Latin creator L. L. Zamenhof created 1878 1881 setting international auxiliary language posteriori Esperanto sidebar expanded History Proto Esperanto or pra Esperanto in the language itself is the modern term for any of the stages in the evolution of L. L. Zamenhof s Esperanto language project , prior to the publication of his Unua Libro in 1887. The Lingwe uniwersala of 1878 As a child, Zamenhof had the idea to introduce an international auxiliary language for communication between different nationalities. He originally wanted to revive some form of simplified Latin or Ancient Greek language Greek , but as he grew older he came to believe that it would be better to create a new language for his purpose. During ..., all modern Esperanto letters are attested apart from , , , , , . Known verb forms are present ... case, and that stress was as in modern Esperanto, except when marked, as in and . Only ... Konunigare so deb . Must unite. In modern Esperanto, this would be, Malamikeco de la nacioj, Falu ... kununuigi sin devas. Jam temp est remains an idiom in modern Esperanto, an allusion to this song ... neni fio fiu fian The last row was evidently pronounced as fj . Esperanto at this stage had a consonantal ... Kiselman 2010 64 65 ref Transition to the modern Esperanto of 1887 Zamenhof refined his ideas for the language ... contained the Esperanto language as we know it today. In a letter to Nikolai Borovko he later wrote ... fictitious archaic version of Esperanto. References reflist External links Christer Kiselman, 2010. Variantoj de esperanto iniciatitaj de Zamenhof . In http www2.math.uu.se kiselman havanouea.pdf Esperanto .... Category Esperanto history Category International auxiliary languages ca Protoesperanto de Pra Esperanto es Proto esperanto eo Pra Esperanto ko it Protoesperanto nl Pra Esperanto ja ... more details
Refimprove date December 2008 Esperanto sidebar expanded Language Esperanto vocabulary and grammatical ... languages. In Esperanto, root word s are borrowed and retain much of the form of their source ... a morphology closer to German or Russian. Source languages Zamenhof took most of his Esperanto root ... at the time Esperanto was devised, though much of the supposedly German vocabulary is actually closer ..., corresponding to the use of Italian as a model for Esperanto pronunciation. The result was that about ... of roots from Swedish Swedish language Swedish Esperanto grammar Comparisons Comparative the as in the more ... Mattos, Geraldo, La deveno de Esperanto , Fonto 1987. ref Latin and Greek Only a few roots were taken ... ido offspring , and perhaps the Esperanto grammar Verbs jussive mood suffix u if not Hebrew ... these languages, Russian exerted a considerable substratum influence on the semantics of Esperanto. An oft ... cognate with, or as their words had become widespread in, Esperanto s source languages. However, since ... Esperanto http www.npoint.com.br sementeira prelego15.html ref Like another indirect German borrowing ... to avoid anti Semitic prejudice against Esperanto. That would mean that edz ultimately derives from the Slavic feminine suffix its a . Regardless, few words have histories this convoluted. The Esperanto ... given as examples of Esperanto innovations. This is especially true for the indefinite forms ... o to nouns, and the feminine noun and adjective ending a to adjectives and the article la, is an Esperanto innovation using existing forms. ref For speakers of Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese, it may at first be jarring that Esperanto has the endings o and a of those languages, but assigns them to differentiate ... Proven al la fenestro the window , Esperanto la fenestro Proven al la vido life , Esperanto la vivo Proven al la roso la rozo the rose , Esperanto la rozo Proven al la voio the road , Esperanto la vojo Proven al la amigo the girlfriend , Esperanto la amikino etc. ref Some smaller words have been modified ... more details
italic title Unreferenced date September 2009 Esperanto sidebar expanded Services Encyclopedia of EsperantoEsperanto Enciklopedio de Esperanto may refer to three different attempts of creating an encyclopedia of all Esperanto topics. A modern version of this might be the eo C4 88efpa C4 9Do Vikipedio Esperanto Wikipedia Esperanto Language Wikipedia or the Enciklopedio Kalblanda . The 1933 Encyclopedia The most commonly known Encyclopedia of Esperanto is an encyclopedia of the Esperantujo Esperanto Movement that appeared in two editions of Literatura Mondo Literary World in Budapest in 1933 1934. A reprint was published in Hungary by the Hungarian Esperanto Association in 1979 and 1986. A majority of the original articles in this encyclopedia have been made into Wikipedia articles in the Esperanto language Wikipedia. The 1913 Encyclopedia The previous Encyclopedia of Esperanto was published several times before the 1933 version. In 1913 Petro Stojan proposed a Universal Monograph Encyclopedia Esperanto Universala Slipa Enciklopedio , which would be continuously published with separate monographs for each subject. The first five monographs The Encyclopedia and its future , Kinematic theory on time , the hymn La Espero , Transcription of proper names , and Gathering , a poem by L. Levenzon were published at that time. Ariadne s Thread In 1917, in Petrograd , Vladim r Szmurlo published another encyclopedia called Ariadne s Thread , with mere references as A first try of an Encyclopedia ... Esperanto Encyclopedia. The first pages 1&ndash 88 were printed in Riga . Due to military ... www.eventoj.hu steb gxenerala naturscienco enciklopedio 1 encikl.htm The Encyclopedia of Esperanto , The 1933&ndash 1934 Encyclopedia of Esperanto in its original form. DEFAULTSORT Encyclopedia Of Esperanto Category Esperanto encyclopedias Esperanto Category Esperanto publications Category Esperanto eo Enciklopedio de Esperanto fr Encyclop die de l esp ranto it Enciklopedio de Esperanto ru ... more details
Infobox planet width 25em bgcolour FFFFC0 apsis name Esperanto symbol image caption discovery yes discovery ref discoverer Vaisala, Y. discovery site Turku discovered March 18, 1936 designations yes mp name 1421 alt names 1936 FQ named after Esperanto mp category orbit ref epoch May 14, 2008 aphelion 3.3424400 perihelion 2.8488276 semimajor eccentricity 0.0797272 period 1989.4031128 avg speed inclination 9.80350 asc node 42.80741 mean anomaly 68.78660 arg peri 166.23794 satellites physical characteristics yes dimensions 43.31km diameter mass density surface grav escape velocity sidereal day axial tilt pole ecliptic lat pole ecliptic lon albedo 0.0714 temperatures temp name1 mean temp 1 max temp 1 temp name2 max temp 2 spectral type abs magnitude 10.30 1421 Esperanto provisional designation 1936 FQ is a Asteroid belt main belt asteroid discovered on March 18, 1936 by the Finnish astronomer Yrj V is l at Iso Heikkil Observatory in Turku , Finland . It measures 43.31km in diameter. V is l named the asteroid after the constructed language Esperanto . He also named another asteroid, 1462 Zamenhof , after Esperanto s creator, L. L. Zamenhof . External links http ssd.jpl.nasa.gov sbdb.cgi?sstr 1421 Esperanto JPL Small Body Database Browser on 1421 Esperanto http www.astro.utu.fi VISPA V is l Institute for Space Physics and Astronomy Minor planets navigator 1420 Radcliffe 1422 Str mgrenia Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT Esperanto Category Main Belt asteroids Category Astronomical objects discovered in 1936 Beltasteroid stub de 1421 Esperanto el 1421 es 1421 Esperanto eo 1421 Esperanto eu 1421 Esperanto fa fr 1421 Esperanto it 1421 Esperanto la 1421 Esperanto lb 1421 Esperanto hu 1421 Esperanto no 1421 Esperanto nn 1421 Esperanto pl 1421 Esperanto pt 1421 Esperanto ru 1421 sk 1421 Esperanto sr 1421 sv 1421 Esperanto tl 1421 Esperanto uk 1421 vi 1421 Esperanto yo 1421 Esperanto ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 Esperanto sidebar expanded Culture Esperanto music is music written, recorded, and performed in Esperanto , a constructed language used for international communication . Classical music Lou Harrison , who incorporated styles and instruments from many world cultures in his music, used Esperanto titles and or texts in several of his works, most notably La Koro Sutro 1973 . David Gaines composer David Gaines used Esperanto texts for his Symphony No. 1 Esperanto for mezzo soprano and orchestra 1994 98 and Povas plori mi ne plu I Can Cry No Longer for unaccompanied SATB choir 1994 . Bands La Mondanoj Kajto Persone Dolchamar Merlin band Merlin Musicians and singers Kim J. Henriksen Montagu C. Butler Raymond Schwartz Lou Harrison Jean Marc Leclercq Bertilo Wennergren Songs La Espero iu, iu, iu, iu Dolchamar u vi pretas? u vi pretas? Liza pentras bildojn The Crystal Theme from the opening of Final Fantasy XI Memoro de la tono Music companies and publishers ESP Disk Events and projects Vinilkosmo kompil Kolekto 2000 Esperanto Subgrunde kompil References to Esperanto in music Kurt Elling wrote a vocalese song called Esperanto based on the Vince Mendoza composition Esperan a . Elling explains on his album Live in Chicago Blue Note that the lyrics were written while he was under the impression that it was titled Esperanto and only later found out the original title, which is the Portuguese language Portuguese word for hope . See also ports align left Music References External links http vinilkosmo.com Vinilkosmo Online shop for Esperanto music http www.shoutcast.com radio Esperanto La Muse Dancejo webradio broadcasting 24 7 esperanto songs on SHOUTcast Radio http esperanto panorama.net angla muziko.htm Music Panorama Esperanto stub Category Esperanto music de Esperanto Musik es M sica en esperanto eo Esperanto muziko fr Musique esp rantophone pt M sica em esperanto ru sv Musik p esperanto zh ... more details
Orphan date August 2009 Esperanto lexicographers are individuals or groups, whether enthusiastic amateurs or trained linguists, who have produced single language or bilingual Esperanto dictionaries dictionaries of Esperanto . More than 130 Esperantist s, working singly or collectively, have published such dictionaries several of these authors are listed in the Category Esperanto lexicographers Esperanto lexicographers category. In the specific case of Esperanto, most dictionary authors historically were and today still are non specialists in the field of lexicography . A notable exception is Erich Dieter Krause , a German professor of the Bahasa Indonesia Indonesian language , who wrote comprehensive dictionaries, both German language German Esperanto 2007 and Esperanto German 1999 . Though most Esperanto dictionary compilers have been men, notable female Esperanto lexicographers include Adriana J. Middelkoop , who wrote Dutch language Dutch Esperanto and Esperanto Dutch dictionaries 1971 and Ilona Koutny , chief editor of a Hungarian language Hungarian Esperanto dictionary, 1996 . Because compiling a dictionary demands great linguistic expertise and may be the labour of many years, most dictionary writers were only able to accomplish the feat in their elder years however, the Austria n Eugen W ster wrote the core of his encyclopedic Esperanto German dictionary, published in 1923, as an early 20s university student. The German Eckhard Bick , having emigrated to Denmark, published his Danish language Danish dictionary at 32. The professions of Esperanto lexicographers vary widely one may find teachers Atanas D. Atanasov , Paul Bennemann , mile Grosjean Maupin , Boris Kolker .... An example is the editorial committee of the Japanese Esperanto Institute , under the guidance of Konisi ... Esperanto Japanese dictionary in 2006. DEFAULTSORT Esperanto Lexicographers Category Esperanto lexicographers eo Esperanto vortaristo ... more details
Esperanto sidebar expanded Culture The following Esperanto libraries and collections of works in the EsperantoEsperanto language are worthy of note The Montagu Butler Library of Esperanto materials, maintained by the Esperanto Association of Britain. This holds some 12,500 books as well as a documentary archive, a photo archive, audio visual materials and various artefacts. An online catalogue is under construction. The National Library of Austria , which includes an International Esperanto Museum with 25,000 volumes, 2,000 museum objects, 2,000 autographs and manuscripts, 13,000 photos, 1,100 ... as TROVANTO, can be searched from the website of the Austrian National Library. The Universala Esperanto ... exhibits around 20,000 books, pieces of art, and memorabilia from 100 countries. The Spanish Esperanto ... systematically collecting Esperanto publications. It grew into a museum which opened in 1968. In 1993 ... Esperanto Library, in Aalen , Germany , which has a collection of more than 11,000 pieces. The Cesar ... has a legally preserved collection of 10,000 books and periodicals. The Fajszi Esperanto Collection ... was 542 pages. ref http eo.wikipedia.org wiki Karlo Fajszi ref The National Esperanto Library and Archive in Massa di Carrara Massa , Italy , founded in 1972 as the library of the Italian Esperanto Federation ... to the public. The National Esperanto Museum in Gray, Haute Sa ne Gray , France. The Museum is a public archive with a permanent Esperanto exhibition. The George Alan Connor Esperanto Collection at the University ... Alan Connor Esperanto Collection 1978 . ref http libweb.uoregon.edu speccoll index.html Special ... houses a large collection of early Esperantist publications, including the first Esperanto edition ... reflist See also Department of Planned Languages and Esperanto Museum in Vienna in Austria External ... www.lib.usf.edu The University of South Florida Tampa Library Category Esperanto media Library Category Types of library eo Esperanto biblioteko it Biblioteche di esperanto ru ... more details
about the production company information on the film genre Esperanto film Unreferenced date January 2007 Esperanto Films is a Mexico City based company that Film production produces and Film distributor distributes films. It is owned by Alfonso Cuar n . Its partner company is Producciones Anhelo , owned by Jorge Vergara , a Mexican business man, as well as Cuar n. Some of its films are Pan s Labyrinth El Laberinto del Fauno 2006 Pan s Labyrinth , The Assassination of Richard Nixon 2004 , Cr nicas 2004 and Temporada de patos 2004 Duck Season . Category Film production companies of Mexico Category Companies of Mexico Category Companies based in Mexico City Film company stub eo Esperanto Filmoj ... more details
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