and Fresnel diffraction . The nearfield or nearfield and farfield or farfield and the transition ..., while electromagnetic radiation or farfield behaviors dominate at greater distances. The near ... strength are fixed and unvarying in the farfield. However, in the nearfield, they are nearly independent ... . For such an antenna, the nearfield is the region within a radius r , while the far ... provides the limit between the near and farfield. The parameter D corresponds the physical ... region, or farfield. Transition zone The transition zone between these near and farfield regions ... 2011 , is the intermediate region in which both nearfield and farfield effects are important. In this region, nearfield behavior dies out and ceases to be important, leaving farfield effects ... to diffraction behavior Image FarNearFields USP 4998112.PNG thumb 494px Near and farfield regions ... In contrast to the farfield, the diffraction pattern in the nearfield typically differs significantly ... the farfield radiation effects. Also, in the part of the nearfield closest to the antenna called the reactive nearfield , Near and farfield Reactive near field.2C or the nearest part of the nearfield ... and How It Affects Your Instruments. Nearfield vs. Farfield. publisher U.S. Dept of Labor date ... reference x references . accessdate 2010 05 09 ref Compared to the farfield The nearfield is remarkable ... than a few wavelengths of the antenna. Farnearfield effects also involve energy transfer effects ... Capps, C., Nearfield or farfield? , EDN, 16 August 2001 ref It can be thought of as the primarily ... 0102reflections.html Near and Far Fields From Statics to Radiation ref Quantum field theory view In the quantum ... photons composing nearfield fluctuations and signals, have effects that are of far shorter range ... Fraunhofer diffraction for more on the farfieldNearfield communication for more on nearfield ... the patient by nearfield magnetic effects at RF frequencies Other Antenna measurement covers Far ... more details
wiktionary nearfieldNearfield may refer to Nearfield optics Nearfield mathematics , an algebraic structure Near and farfield , parts of an electromagnetic fieldNearfield communication , a set of short range wireless technologies, typically requiring a distance of 4 cm or less disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
File Near Sawrey geograph.org.uk 218927.jpg thumb Near Sawrey Near Sawrey and Far Sawrey are two neighbouring villages in the Furness area of Cumbria . They are located in the Lake District between the town of Hawkshead and the lake of Windermere lake Windermere . The two lie on the B5285 road B5285 , which runs from Hawkshead to the Windermere Ferry , a RORO car ferry across Windermere one mile to the east of the villages. The two are famous for their association with Beatrix Potter . She lived at Hill Top, Cumbria Hill Top Farm in Near Sawrey, first arriving at age 30 in 1896. A number of sites in the villages were used in her books such as The Tale of Tom Kitten , The Fairy Caravan , The Tale of the Pie and the Patty Pan The Pie and the Patty Pan and The Tale of Jemima Puddle Duck . The villages date from at least the 14th century, when Near Sawrey was known as Sourer , becoming Narr Sawrey by the 17th century suggesting that Far Sawrey must have been in existence by this time . Near Sawrey contains a pub, while Far Sawrey has the parish church, a hotel, pub and village shop. The village shop ceased to function as a post office about 2003. There are waymarked paths between the ferry and Beatrix Potter s house which largely avoid walking on the public roads. External links Commons category Near and Far Sawrey http www.thecumbriadirectory.com Town or Village location.php?url near sawrey Near Sawrey at the Cumbria Directory http www.thecumbriadirectory.com Town or Village location.php?url far sawrey Far Sawrey at the Cumbria Directory http www.fba.org.uk index ferrycam.html Streaming web cam of Windermere from Far Sawrey slip coord 54 21 11.37 N 2 58 21.76 W display title Beatrix Potter Category Villages in Cumbria Category Beatrix Potter fr Sawrey ja pl Near Sawrey ... more details
refimprove date October 2007 The nearfar problem or hearability problem is a situation that is common in wireless communication systems, in particular, CDMA . In some Radio jamming signal jamming techniques, the nearfar problem is exploited to disrupt communications. Technical explanation The nearfar problem is a condition in which a receiver captures a strong signal and thereby makes it impossible for the receiver to detect a weaker signal. ref name Rappaport Wireless Communications Principles and Practice, Second Edition, Theodore S. Rappaport. ref The nearfar problem is particularly difficult in CDMA systems, where transmitters share transmission frequencies and transmission time. By contrast, FDMA and Time division multiple access TDMA systems are less vulnerable. There is a long standing issue that the dynamic range of one or more stages of a receiver can limit that receiver s ability to detect a weak signal in the presence of strong signal. The nearfar problem usually refers to a specific case of this in which Analog to digital converter ADC resolution limits the range of signals a receiver can detect in a direct sequence spread spectrum Direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS system such as CDMA . The receiver s Automatic gain control AGC must reduce its gain to prevent ADC saturation, which causes the weaker signal to fall into the noise of the ADC. This is different from a condition of one signal interfering with another because if the ADC had sufficient resolution ... jams the communication channel. In short, the nearfar problem is one of detecting ... processing . ref http www.funsms.net nearfar problem.htm ref Taking this analogy back to wireless communications, the far transmitter would have to drastically increase transmission power which simply ... possible solutions to the nearfar problem Increased receiver dynamic range Use a higher resolution ... close to the receiver, the other far away. If both transmitters transmit simultaneously and at equal ... more details
Electromagnetic nearfield scanner is a measurement system to determine a spatial distribution of an electrical quantity provided by a single or multiple field probes acquired in the nearfield region of a device under test possibly accompanied by the associated numerical post processing methods enabling a conversion of the measured quantity into electromagnetic field . Depending on a signal receiver detecting the probe signal, voltage as a function of time or frequency is a typical measured quantity. It should be underlined that as the DUT may be considered any object radiating or storing electromagnetic field energy intentionally or unintentionally, e.g. the antenna radiation excited beyond ... geometrical surfaces as a collection of a finite number of spatial samples. Antenna nearfield scanner First scanners were built in the 1950s to map probe signal variations in front of microwave antennas. Determination of a farfield radiation pattern constitutes the primary application of antenna nearfield scanners. This novel technique offered an attractive alternative to conventional ... recognized and analyzed errors of the nearfield measurements, multiple reflections between an antenna under test AUT and an electromagnetically non transparent field detection system scatterer belong ... to be located outside the reactive nearfield region of the AUT. EMI nearfield scanner ... of Planar NearField Antenna Measurements publisher The Institution of Engineering and Technology year 2007 location London, United Kingdom cite book last Slater first Dan title NearField ... Tankielun first Adam title Data Post Processing and Hardware Architecture of Electromagnetic NearField Scanner publisher Shaker Verlag year 2008 location Aachen, Germany cite journal last Yaghjian first Arthur D. title An Overview of NearField Antenna Measurements journal IEEE Transactions on Antennas .... In order to quickly localize field emission in frequency domain, time domain detection techniques ... more details
Otheruses4 the mathematical concept the electromagnetic concept Near and farfield In mathematics , a nearfield is an algebraic structure similar to a division ring , except that it has only one of the two distributive laws. Alternatively, a nearfield is a near ring in which there is a multiplicative identity , and every non zero element has a multiplicative inverse . Definition A nearfield is a set ... The above is strictly a definition of a right nearfield. By replacing A3 by the left distributive law math c math math a b c math math a c math math b math we get a left nearfield instead. Most commonly, nearfield is taken as meaning right nearfield , but this is not a universal convention. A nearfield can be equivalently defined as a right quasifield with associative multiplication. It is not necessary ... field with this new multiplication and the same addition as before. ref G. Pilz, Near Rings, page 257. ref History and Applications The concept of a nearfield was first introduced by L.E. Dickson ... produced by this method are known as Dickson near fields the nearfield of order 9 given above is a Dickson nearfield. Zassenhaus proved that all but 7 finite near fields are either division rings or Dickson near fields. ref name Zassenhaus The earliest application of the concept of nearfield ... was extended. For example, the Dickson nearfield of order 9 given above allows the construction ..., as proved by B.H. Neumann and J.L. Zemmer. ref J.L. Zemmer, The additive group of an infinite nearfield is abelian in J. London Math. Soc. 44 1969 , 65 67. ref ref name Zassenhaus H Zassenhaus, Abh ... to include this in the axioms so that progress with establishing the properties of near fields ... math x math and math y math . Examples Any division ring including any Field mathematics field is a nearfield. The following defines a nearfield of order 9. It is the smallest nearfield which is not a field. Let math K math be the Finite field Galois field of order 9. Denote multiplication ... more details
references External links http www.edn.com article CA150828.html Capps, Charles. NearField or FarField, EDN, August 16, 2001, pp. 95 102. http q track.com index.php location innovation nfer Introduction to NearField Electromagnetic Ranging http q track.com index.php location innovation technical papers Technical Papers on NearField Electromagnetic Ranging Category Radio technology ...Refimprove date July 2007 Nearfield electromagnetic ranging NFER refers to any radio technology employing the nearfield properties of radio waves as a Real Time Location System RTLS . Overview Nearfield Electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic ranging is an emerging RTLS technology that employs transmitter ... with James Clerk Maxwell Maxwell s Maxwell s equations field theory . Close to a small antenna, the electric and magnetic field components of a radio wave are 90 Degree angle degree s out of phase. As the distance from the antenna increases, the EH phase difference decreases. Far from a small antenna in the farfield , the EH phase difference goes to zero. ref Hertz, Heinrich. Electric Waves Being ... separately measure the electric and magnetic field components of a nearfield signal and compare their phases can measure the range to the transmitter. ref Schants, Hans. Nearfield phase behavior ... is a significant hurdle that nearfield electromagnetic ranging systems must overcome. Applications ..., C.W., F.P.S. Chin, and H.K. Garg, Multiple Frequencies for Accuracy Improvement in NearField Electromagnetic ... xpl freeabs all.jsp?isnumber 4022244&arnumber 4022272&count 556&index 26 ref See also Nearfield , a definition with the Hertz and Maxwell wave models NearField Communication , a short range wireless ... phase relations between the EH components of an electro magnetic Vector fieldfield E and H are the components E Electric Field electric and H Magnetic Field magnetic vary with distance around small ..., 2006. p. 95. ref Second, the long wavelengths associated with low frequencies are far less vulnerable ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 Nearfield optics is that branch of optics that considers configurations that depend on the passage of light to, from, through, or near an element with subwavelength features, and the coupling of that light to a second element located a subwavelength distance from the first. The barrier of spatial resolution imposed by the very nature of light itself in conventional Optical microscope optical microscopy contributed significantly to the development of nearfield optical devices, most notably the nearfield scanning optical microscope , or NSOM. Size constraints The limit of optical resolution in a conventional microscope , the so called diffraction limit , is in the order of half the wavelength of the light used to Optical imaging image . Thus, when imaging at visible wavelengths the smallest resolvable objects are several hundred nanometer s in size. Using nearfield optical techniques, researchers currently resolve features in the order of tens of nanometers in size. While other imaging techniques e.g. atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy can resolve features of much smaller size, the many advantages of optical microscopy make nearfield optics a field of considerable interest. History The notion of developing a nearfield optical device was first conceived by Edward Hutchinson Synge in 1928 but was not realized experimentally until the 1950s when several researchers demonstrated the feasibility of sub wavelength resolution. Published images of sub wavelength resolution appeared when Ash and Nichols examined Diffraction grating gratings with line spacing less than one millimeter using microwave s of 3 cm wavelength. In 1982 Dieter Pohl at IBM in Zurich , Switzerland , first obtained sub wavelength resolution at visible wavelengths using nearfield optical techniques. References references DEFAULTSORT NearField Optics Category Optics Optics stub ... more details
card technology, nearfield communication uses magnetic field magnetic Electromagnetic induction induction between two loop antenna s located within each other s Near and farfieldnearfield ... with a SmartPoster 275px thumb Nearfield communication NFC is a set of standards for smartphone ... cite web url http www.gadgetronica.com blog nearfield communication.html title NFC future of wireless ... and information exchange between systems NearField Communication Interface and Protocol ... name PopSciNFC cite web last Nosowitz first Dan title Everything You Need to Know About NearField Communication url http www.popsci.com gadgets article 2011 02 nearfield communication helping your ... creator work NearField Communications World date 20 March 2011 url http www.nearfieldcommunicationsworld.com ... established the NearField Communication NFC Forum ref name NFCFounded cite web title kia, Philips and Sony established the NearField Communication NFC Forum url http www.nfc forum.org news pr ... ref ref cite news title Gingerbread feature NearField Communication url http www.androidcentral.com gingerbread feature nearfield communication accessdate 15 June 2011 newspaper Android Central ... interface for NFC is standardized in ISO IEC 18092 ECMA 340 NearField Communication Interface ... International Standard ECMA 340, NearField Communication Interface and Protocol NFCIP 1 , December 2004 ref ISO IEC 21481 ECMA 352 NearField Communication Interface and Protocol 2 NFCIP 2 ref http ..., NearField Communication Interface and Protocol 2 NFCIP 2 , December 2003 ref NFC incorporates a variety ... Buy Mobile initiative seeks to define a common global approach to using NearField Communications ... venture intended to develop a single platform on which technology based on the NearField Communication ... companies. ref NearField Communication Forum Announces 32 New Members, NFC Forum Press Release, March ... RFIDSec06 Program papers 002 20 20Security 20in 20NFC.pdf Security in nearfield communication NFC ... more details
Infobox Earth satellite name NearField Infrared Experiment image Image NFIRE.jpg 250px caption NFIRE satellite launch date 24 April 2007 launch vehicle Minotaur rocket launch site Wallops Island orbit reference orbit type orbit altitude orbit inclination orbit repeat orbit swath orbit crossing mass The NearField Infrared Experiment NFIRE is a satellite which was proposed and developed by the Missile Defense Agency , a division of the United States Department of Defense . It was launched atop a Minotaur rocket , from Wallops Island , at 06 48 GMT on 24 April 2007. Though primarily designed to gather data on exhaust plumes from rockets, the satellite was also intended to contain a kill vehicle similar to kinds intended for the Strategic Defense Initiative . A missile was then to be fired at and nearly miss the instrumented kill vehicle. This feature was later removed. ref citeweb title MDA Budget Documents Detail NFIRE Experiments author Jeremy Singer url http www.space.com spacenews archive05 Nfire 041805.html publisher Space.com accessdate 2008 09 18 Dead link date September 2010 bot H3llBot ref NFIRE was funded by 44 million in FY2004. In 2004 , the United States House of Representatives instructed the Missile Defense Agency , MDA, to remove the kill vehicle from the planned 2006 NFIRE launch, approving 68 million in FY2005 subject to that condition. ref citeweb title The war of words over war in space url http www.msnbc.msn.com id 4732874 author James Oberg publisher MSNBC accessdate 2008 09 18 ref The Senate Appropriations Committee reviewing the NFIRE program, however, urged the MDA to return the missile defense interceptor kill vehicle to the originally scheduled test, despite the controversial perception of this leading to the deployment of weapons in space. The committee, which approved 13.7 million for the NFIRE program in FY06, told the MDA to complete development ... launched by Minotaur rockets de NearField Infrared Experiment ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 For the 1912 film So Near, Yet So Far So Near and Yet So Far is a song written by Cole Porter , for the 1941 film You ll Never Get Rich , where it was introduced by Fred Astaire . Notable recordings Ella Fitzgerald Ella Loves Cole 1972 Category Songs written by Cole Porter Category Fred Astaire songs Category 1941 songs jazz composition stub Pop standard stub ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name So Near, So Far Musings for Miles Type Tribute album Artist Joe Henderson Cover So near so far.jpg Released 1993 Recorded Genre Jazz Length Label Verve Records Verve Producer Richard Seidel, Don Sickler Last album Lush Life The Music of Billy Strayhorn br 1992 This album So Near, So Far Musings for Miles br 1993 Next album Double Rainbow The Music of Antonio Carlos Jobim br 1995 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 4.5 5 ref cite web url http www.allmusic.com album r167850 title So Near, So Far Musings for Miles Joe Henderson & 124 AllMusic first Scott last Yanow work allmusic.com year 2011 last update accessdate 17 July 2011 ref So Near, So Far Musings for Miles is a 1993 album by jazz saxophonist Joe Henderson , the second of the five albums he recorded with Verve Records during the end of his career. It is a tribute to Miles Davis . Tracklisting Miles Ahead Joshua Pfrancing No Blues Flamenco Sketches Milestones Teo Swing Spring Circle Side Car So Near, So Far Digitally recorded at Power Station, NYC, October 12 14, 1992. Personnel Saxophone Joe Henderson Bass Dave Holland Drums Al Foster Guitar John Scofield Producer Don Sickler , Richard Seidel Co producer Joe Henderson References Reflist Joe Henderson Category 1993 albums Category Joe Henderson albums Category Verve Records albums Category Miles Davis tribute albums de So Near, So Far Musings for Miles ... more details
Infobox film name So Near, Yet So Far image caption director D. W. Griffith producer writer George Hennessy starring Walter Miller actor Walter Miller music cinematography G. W. Bitzer editing distributor released film date 1912 9 30 runtime 17 minutes 16 Frame rate frame s country Film US language Silent film Silent br English intertitles budget So Near, Yet So Far is a 1912 silent drama film directed by D. W. Griffith . Prints of the film survive in the Museum of Modern Art film archive. ref name silentera cite web url http www.silentera.com PSFL data S SoNearYetSoFar1912.html title Progressive Silent Film List So Near, Yet So Far accessdate 2009 06 03 work Silent Era ref Cast Walter Miller actor Walter Miller Howard Mary Pickford The Young Woman Robert Harron The Rival In Club Lionel Barrymore In Club Elmer Booth A Thief Christy Cabanne In Club On Street as W. Christy Cabanne Harry Carey actor born 1878 Harry Carey A Thief Courtenay Foote In Club Florence Geneva On Street Dorothy Gish A Friend Lillian Gish A Friend Adolph Lestina In Club Charles Hill Mailes Rich Man in Other Town Claire McDowell Rich Woman in Other Town Antonio Moreno In Club Gus Pixley In Club W. C. Robinson In Club Henry B. Walthall J. Waltham In Club L. M. Wells The Young Woman s Father unconfirmed See also Harry Carey filmography D. W. Griffith filmography Lillian Gish filmography Lionel Barrymore filmography References reflist External links imdb title id 0002497 title So Near, Yet So Far Category 1912 films Category Films directed by D. W. Griffith Category American films Category American silent short films Category Black and white films Category 1910s drama films Category 1910s short films silent drama film stub tr So Near, Yet So Far ... more details
of transmission is referred to as Nearfieldfarfield. According to Maxwell s equations Maxwell ... farfield system rolling off at 20dB per decade. At this distance the propagated energy levels are 40dB to 60dB 10,000 to 1,000,000 times lower than an equivalent intentional farfield system. NearField Magnetic Induction technology secures wireless communication between two way radio accessories ... 2009 A nearfield magnetic induction communication system is a short range wireless physical layer that communicates by coupling a tight, low power, non propagating magnetic field between devices. The concept is for a transmitter coil in one device to modulate a magnetic field which is measured by means of a receiver coil in another device. Background technical concepts Nearfield magnetic induction ... http videoglossary.lbl.gov 2009 maxwells equations ref for a radiating wire, the power density of farfield transmissions attenuates or rolls off at a rate proportional to the inverse of the range to the second power 1 range2 or 20dB per decade. This slow attenuation over distance allows farfield transmissions ... modulation can be used in nearfield magnetic induction system NFMI systems are designed to contain transmission energy within the localized magnetic field. This magnetic field energy resonates ... is referred to as nearfield. As shown in the graph below, the power density of nearfield transmissions ... MHz and has a wavelength of 22 meters. The crossover point between Nearfieldnearfield and farfield occurs at approximately 2 . At this frequency the crossover occurs at 3.52 meters, at which .... NearField Magnetic Induction Communication technology enables users of two way radios to experience ... http www.freelinc.com downloads FreeLinc 20NFMI 20White 20Paper.pdf NearField Magnetic Induction ... propagating magnetic field between devices. The concept is for a transmitter coil in one device to modulate a magnetic field which is measured by means of a receiver coil in another device. The standard ... more details
File Nearfield optics.png thumb Diagram illustrating nearfield optics , with the diffraction of light coming from NSOM fiber probe, showing wavelength of light and the nearfield. Nearfield scanning ... cite journal author U. D rig et al. title Nearfield optical scanning microscopy journal J. Appl ... of nanostructure by scanning nearfield optical microscope with small sphere probe journal Sci. Technol ... that would image by exciting and collecting diffraction in the nearfield . His original idea, proposed ... 10.1038 237510a0 pmid 12635200 issue 5357 ref A decade later, a patent on an optical nearfield microscope ... paper that used visible radiation for nearfield scanning. ref name pohl cite journal author D.W. .... Phys. Lett. volume 44 page 651 year 1984 doi 10.1063 1.94865 issue 7 ref The nearfield optical ... author E. Betzig, A. Lewis, A. Harootunian, M. Isaacson, and E. Kratschmer title NearField Scanning ... year 2002 isbn 0195108183 ref This treatment only assumes the light diffracted into the farfield that propagates ... of this, the detector must be placed very close to the sample in the nearfield zone, typically a few nanometers. As a result, nearfield microscopy remains primarily a surface inspection technique ... NearField Scanning Optical Microscopy. Olympus America Inc. 12 Oct 2007. ref Modes of operation ... Surfaces publisher Heidelberg Springer year 2006 isbn 3540284052 ref clear Nearfield spectroscopy ... field regime. Through NearField Spectroscopy NFS , one can probe spectroscopically with subwavelength ... nearfield spectroscopic techniques are Direct local Raman NSOM Aperture Raman NSOM is limited by very ... popular and sensitive technique makes use of the fluorescence for nearfield imaging, and is especially ... as low as 10 nm can be achieved using this technique. Nearfield infrared spectrometry and near ... during scanning Striped contrast Displaced optical contrast Local farfield light concentration ... Nano optics Atomic force microscopy Raman spectroscopy Fluorescence spectroscopy Nearfield ... more details
content 310 5745 89.full Science 2005 ref Soft contact mode Near contact mode The soft contact mode is for hard structures and in the near contact mode the tip is first made to touch the surface ... more details
Infobox company name Toro Development Limited. br logo File Logo TORO Ltd.jpg thumb alt Logotype Toro Ltd. Official Toro logo foundation March 2007 founders Laurent Renard & Gr gory Puente Castan location city Hong Kong, China location Tapei, Taiwan industry NFC, Near Field Communication products akami suite services Front end mobile platform for NFC services num employees 20 subsid Toro Development Europe sarl, France Toro Turkey V.A.R. homepage www.toro intl.com Toro Development Ltd. Toro Ltd. or Toro was founded in March 2007 to address the very promising market of Near field communication NFC services. The company focuses on the front end part of NFC application development, including the distribution and management of NFC services. Toro provides the user interface UI. corresponding to the NFC applications on the secure element s of the phone, and on non secure NFC applications marketing, CRM, etc. . For that matter, Toro has developed and continues developing an NFC Wallet Platform akami suite that is complementary to the systems developed by the Trusted Service Managers TSMs , and that is necessary to seamlessly distribute NFC services to end users. In the NFC value chain, this front end module is described as an NFC User Management System. One of the modules of this NFC User Management System is a NFC Wallet . Product akami suite Toro s product is akami suite , a front end platform for NFC wallet application. This platform runs across smart card, NFC mobile phones, secure servers, and the Internet. akami suite is composed of several modules a mobile client, a widget system, an application server, an SDK, and a series of plug ins. File New akami logo.png thumb alt Logotype akami suite. Official akami logo akami wallet akami wallet is an NFC mobile wallet application MIDlet for J2ME, or native for other mobile OS that aggregates all the secure applications located on the secure element of a mobile. It brings back the UI. that application issuers lose w ... more details
wiktionarypar nearNEAR or Near may refer to TOC right Science, mathematics, technology, biology, and medicine Nicking Enzyme Amplification Reaction , a method for in vitro DNA amplification Near Earth object , an object in the Solar System whose orbit brings it close to the Earth Near Earth asteroid Lincoln Near Earth Asteroid Research NEAR Shoemaker , a spacecraft that studied the near Earth asteroid Eros Near Infrared Camera and Multi Object Spectrometer , a scientific instrument for infrared astronomy NearField Communication NFC , a short range wireless communication technology N.E.A.R. National Emergency Alarm Repeater , an obsolete civilian warning device in the United States Nearness defined as it relates to Point Set Topology, also known as proximity space Near , an interactive city browser application developed by NearGlobal Geography Near East Ancient Near East Near Eastern archaeology Linguistics Near close vowel Near close near front rounded vowel Near close near front unrounded vowel Near close near back vowel Near front vowel Near back vowel Near open vowel Near open central vowel Near open front unrounded vowel Television, film, music, and books Near Death Note Real Name Nate River , a character in Death Note Food, beverages, and meals Near beer , a beer with very low or no alcohol Other uses Near v. Minnesota , a U.S. Supreme Court decision regarding freedom of the press Near death experience NDE , personal experiences associated with impending death New England Auto Racers Hall of Fame See also intitle Near List of nearest stars List of nearest bright stars List of nearest galaxies Distance Far disambiguation disambig de NEAR fr NEAR it Near ja ... more details
wiktionarypar far selfref For Wikipedia s featured article review process, see Wikipedia Featured article review . Far or FAR may refer to TOCright Organizations Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias, the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Argentina , a guerrilla group in Argentina Forces Arm es Rwandaises, the Rwandan Armed Forces Forces Arm es Royales , the Moroccan Army Fund for Armenian Relief Rebel Armed Forces Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes Rebel Armed Forces , the first guerilla organization in Guatemala FAR Rabat , a Moroccan football club FAR Tracteurs FAR , a French truck manufacturer http forum.alpinerenault.com FAR , acronym of Forum Alpine Renault, fully dedicated to all Alpine and Renault Sport cars fans Science, technology, and medicine Far infrared astronomy Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer , a space based telescope False accept rate in biometrics Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC First Assessment Report 1990 The First Assessment Report of the IPCC Final Analytical Report Architecture and planning Floor Area Ratio Floor Space Index , a measurement of building density Transportation Fargo Amtrak station , North Dakota s Amtrak station code FAR Federal Aviation Regulations Hector International Airport in Fargo, North Dakota IATA airport code Television, film, and music Far band , rock band from California Far album , the fifth studio album from musician Regina Spektor Computers FAR Manager , a Win32 Norton Commander clone Far ... Floor Area Ratio , a measure of comparative urban density often used in the field of zoning Places Far East , or South and Southeast Asia Far Eastern Republic Far Eastern Federal District See also Distance Fars disambiguation Near disambiguation disambig ca Far desambiguaci da Far de FAR es Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias desambiguaci n eo FAR fr Far ko FAR it FAR nl FAR pt FAR ja FAR pl Far ru tr Far ... more details
Infobox prepared food name Farfar image caption Farfar country India course Snack main ingredient Potato starch , sago variations Tapioca and or wheat flour Farfar is an Indian cuisine Indian snack food composed primarily of potato starch and tinted sago . They may also contain tapioca and wheat flour . ref cite web url http www.miltopexports.com far far.htm title Miltop FarFar publisher Miltop Exports date accessdate 2012 01 22 ref Farfar puff up instantly when deep frying deep fried , and they are either eaten as a snack or served like a papadum to accompany a meal. ref name bladholm cite book last Bladholm first Linda title The Indian Grocery Store Demystified year 2000 publisher Renaissance Books location New York isbn 1 58063 143 6 pages 53 url http books.google.com books?id nCCEmAIo7HAC&pg PA53&lpg PA53&dq 22far far 22 sago&source bl&ots vTaRGeAUWn&sig eN8Jr31hbiPEpOZLj86f8EXNhJA&hl en&sa X&ei mKAdT9qEBozcggezqvnhBg&ved 0CCgQ6AEwAQ v onepage&q&f false edition 1st ed. ref They come in a variety of colors and shapes such as stars, hollow tubes, and flat squares. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Farfar Category Indian cuisine Category Vegetarian cuisine Category Deep fried foods Category Potato dishes Category Snack foods ... more details
Infobox settlement name Far other name native name settlement type Village image skyline imagesize image caption pushpin map Saudi Arabia pushpin label position right pushpin map caption Location in Saudi Arabia coordinates display inline,title coordinates region SA subdivision type List of sovereign states Country subdivision name flag Saudi Arabia subdivision type1 Provinces of Saudi Arabia Province subdivision name1 Al Madinah Province subdivision type2 subdivision name2 subdivision type3 subdivision name3 subdivision type4 subdivision name4 leader title leader name established title established date area total km2 population as of population footnotes population total population density km2 timezone East Africa Time EAT utc offset 3 timezone DST East Africa Time EAT utc offset DST 3 latd 23 latm 49 lats latNS N longd 38 longm 52 longs longEW E elevation footnotes elevation m elevation ft website footnotes Far is a village in Al Madinah Province , in western Saudi Arabia . ref National Geospatial Intelligence Agency . GeoNames database entry. http geonames.nga.mil ggmagaz search Accessed 12 May 2011. ref References Reflist Al Madinah Province Category Populated places in Al Madinah Province SaudiArabia geo stub ... more details
Infobox Settlement See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage Basic info name Far an other name native name for cities whose native name is not in English nickname settlement type images and maps image skyline imagesize image caption pushpin map Yemen pushpin label position bottom pushpin mapsize 300 pushpin map caption Location in Yemen Location subdivision type Country subdivision name flag Yemen subdivision type1 Governorates of Egypt Governorate subdivision name1 Abyan Governorate Abyan subdivision type2 subdivision name2 Politics government footnotes government type leader title leader name established title Settled established date Area area magnitude unit pref Imperial Enter Imperial, if Imperial metric is desired area footnotes area total km2 ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion area land km2 See table Template Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion Population population as of population footnotes population note population total population density km2 population density sq mi population metro population density metro km2 population density metro sq mi General information timezone Yemen Standard Time utc offset 3 timezone DST utc offset DST latd latm lats latNS N longd longm longs longEW E elevation footnotes elevation m elevation ft website footnotes Far an is a village in south western Yemen . It is located in the Abyan Governorate . External links http www.tageo.com index e ym v 01.htm?Abyan Towns and villages in the Abyan Governorate Abyan geo stub Abyan Governorate coord missing Yemen Category Populated places in Abyan Governorate ... more details
Near North can refer to Norte Chico, Chile , a region in Chile sometimes translated as Near North Near North, Minneapolis , a community in Minneapolis A term for the Far East used in Australia A cultural and economic region of Canada, roughly similar to the Boreal forest of Canada Boreal forest ecological region See also Near North Side disambiguation geodis ... more details
the near or far east of a field, village or shire. Ideas of the east up to the Crimean War There was a linguistic predisposition to use such terms. The Romans had used them in near Gaul far Gaul, near ... 200px Inhabitants of the Near East, late 19th century The geographical terms Near East and Far East ... of far and near, suggesting that they were innovated together. They appear together in the journals ... known script of Europe, referring to the near province and the far province of the kingdom of Pylos ... thumb 250px British troops, Crimea, 1855. Until about 1855 the words near east and far east did not refer ... regional meaning to the Near East, the Ottoman Empire, and the Far East, the East Indies. The two ... after decades of intense warfare and political turmoil terms such as Near East , Far East and MIddle ... and North Africa region, but not a Near East. Their original Middle East consumed the Near East as far ...File NearEast.png 300px thumb legend 008000 The modern archaeological and historical context of the Near East legend 5FD35F Wider Near East File Territorial changes of the Ottoman Empire 1812.jpg thumb 300px The original Near East that is, part of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the eastern question . The term is only meaningful as a contrast to Far East. Much of the original extent is south ... westernization . The Near East lang fr Proche Orient is a Geography geographical term that covers ..., Hungary and the Ukraine would not be in the Ottoman Empire and therefore ultimately would not be Near Eastern. The term Near East was in use exclusively during the 2nd half of the 19th century ... East . Since then Near East and Middle East have been approximately synonymous. Near East is used ... the east of the eastern question. In about the middle of the 19th century Near East came into use to describe that part of the east closest to Europe. The term Far East appeared contemporaneously meaning Japan , China , Korea , Indonesia and Viet Nam in short, the East Indies . Near East applied ... more details
involve the subclass of nearrings known as Nearfield mathematics near fields for these see the article on near fields. There are various applications of proper near rings, i.e., those that are neither rings nor near fields. The best known is to Block design balanced incomplete block designs ref G. Pilz Near rings , North Holland, Amsterdam, second edition, 1983 . ref using planar nearrings. These are a way ... ref J. Clay Nearrings Geneses and applications , Oxford, 1992 . ref See also Nearfield mathematics Semiring Near semiring References reflist External links The http www.algebra.uni linz.ac.at ...In mathematics , a near ring also near ring or nearring is an abstract algebra algebraic algebraic structure structure similar to a ring algebra ring but satisfying fewer axioms. Near rings arise naturally ... s called addition and called multiplication is called a right near ring if A1 N is a group not necessarily ... x , y , z in N , it holds that x y z x z y z . ref NAME Pilz82 Appl G. Pilz, 1982 , Near Rings ..., R.I., 1981. ref Similarly, it is possible to define a left near ring by replacing the right distributive law A3 by the corresponding left distributive law. However, near rings are almost always written as right near rings. An immediate consequence of this one sided distributive law is that it is true ... y . A near ring is a Ring theory ring not necessarily with unity if and only if addition is commutative ... as the product , M G becomes a near ring. The 0 element of the near ring M G is the zero map ... , is abelian, both near ring operations on M G are closed on E G , and E G , , is a ring. If G , is nonabelian, E G is generally not closed under the near ring operations but any subset of M G that contains E G and is closed under the near ring operations is also a near ring. Many subsets of M G form interesting and useful near rings. For example ref NAME Pilz82 Appl The mappings for which f ... not just a near ring, but a ring. Further examples occur if the group has further structure ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
