Unreferenced date December 2009 Netoutput is an accounting concept used in national accounts such as the United ... accounts. The concept was originally invented to measure the total net addition to a country s stock of wealth created by production during an accounting interval. The concept of netoutput ... by production, one obtains a measure of the net new value in the new products created. Definition In national accounts, netoutput is equivalent to the gross value added during an accounting ... a price for the total value of netoutput. Components of netoutput The value of an aggregate netoutput ... by government subsidies to producers, profit or operating surplus . In calculating netoutput for national ... from indirect tax levies paid by them during the same accounting period.. Netoutput and GDP The total netoutput of resident producers in a national economy is equal to Gross Domestic Product or GDP ... activities of households. Usually the term netoutput is used to refer to the contribution which ... to total value added or GDP during a quarter or a year. The netoutput of a particular industry should ... the car. Thus, if we want to know the total sale value of the output of the car factory, the relevant measure is not the netoutput the value added , but rather the gross output . If, for example ... is between labour costs and the gross output value of the cars. It follows that the total new netoutput ... expenditure or gross sales revenue, is a different concept from the netoutput of a particular industry. Input output analysis In input output analysis , disaggregated data on gross and net outputs ... as a whole. Criticism As mentioned, the calculation of netoutput requires a value theory , a way ..., the procedure for establishing netoutput can be contested. The valuation standards applied may ... netoutput, costs and results are only assessed in price terms. Therefore, inputs to production ... markets to solve any problem of resource allocation. DEFAULTSORT NetOutput Category National ... more details
Multiple issues wikify April 2010 orphan August 2008 unreferenced September 2011 The Real NetOutput Ratio or Vertical Range of Manufacture describes in a value chain the fraction of the internal company specific production on the total production value of one company. The total production value of a company consists of internal production plus the sum of externally produced goods and services. math textstyle Real ,Net ,Output ,Ratio frac internal ,production total ,production ,value frac internal ,production internal ,production , ,externally ,produced ,goods , ,externally ,produced ,services math A Real NetOutput Ratio of 0 relates to a company that does not have an own production and therefore only does trading. DEFAULTSORT Real NetOutput Ratio Category Business economics Econ stub de Fertigungstiefe ... more details
1037C ref See also Wiktionary Input disambiguation Input output Gross OutputNetoutput References reflist Primary sources date November 2008 Category Cybernetics Category Input output Category Scientific modeling Category Systems theory ar et V ljund ko it Output he my ja pt ...Incoherent topic date October 2010 Output is the term denoting either an exit or changes which exit a system ... modelling model ing, system s design and system s exploitation. Types of output In control ... are differentiated through many state controls states . In engineering In engineering the term output can refer to The Power physics power or Work physics work output of a machine. An observable output ... , output is the benefits that an employee receives, including money, perquisites, power, status, fame or variety. In human computer interaction In human computer interaction , output is information produced by the computer program and perceived by the user computing user . The kinds of output the program ..., feedback and output are often used interchangeably. However, output tends to refer specifically to explicit output, something that is intentionally provided for the user, whereas feedback ... . In information processing In information processing , output is the process of transmitting information or the transmitted information itself. The output of one process may well form the input for another information processor . Essentially, output is any data leaving a computer system. This could ... is often manipulated, and then information is presented to a human output . Economics In economics , Output economics output is the amount of goods and services by a firm, industry, or country. A distinction is drawn between Gross Output and Netoutput . In telecommunications In telecommunication , the term output can refer to Information retrieved from a Execution unit functional unit or from a telecommunications network network , usually after some processing. An output state computer science ... more details
.NET may refer to .NET Framework , a software framework by Microsoft .net , a top level domain .net magazine .net magazine .NET Passport, an old name for Windows Live ID .NET Messenger Service See also NET disambiguation DEFAULTSORT .net Disambig fa .net sv .net tr .NET ... more details
Wiktionary NETnet .NET .netnetNET or Net may refer to Net device , fibers woven in a grid like structure Net textile , any textile in which the warp and weft yarns are looped or knotted at their intersections New Jersey Nets , a basketball team The Net 1995 film The Net 1995 film , a film starring Sandra Bullock Cricket nets a safe netted environment for practicing cricket Fishing net , a net used ... of an electronic design In business and finance as an antonym of Gross economics gross Net economics , the amount remaining after deductions Net worth , total assets minus total liabilities Net metering , electricity policy Net flux , proportional amount to the concentration difference across a membrane, the surface area of the membrane, and the membrane permeability constant Net 30 , form of trade credit Net profit , gross profit minus overhead and interest Net weight , weight of a product, not counting packaging Net pay , salary after deductions NET as an acronym may refer to In broadcast ... NET S.A. , Cable television operator in Latin America New Hellenic Television , Greece Never Ending ... news programme NET Television Malta , a Maltese television station Nihon Educational Television ... transporter Non equilibrium thermodynamics , branch of study In mathematics Net mathematics , a generalization of a sequence similar to a filter Net polyhedron , an arrangement of polygons that can be folded up to form a polyhedron E net probability theory net s in E net probability theory probability theory , E net computational geometry computational geometry , and E net metric spaces metric spaces . Net, a linear system of divisors of dimension 2 Local net of operator algebras ... target , detection system NET Act , No Electronic Theft Act in the United States .net or .NET may refer to .net , an Internet top level domain .net magazine .net magazine , British monthly periodical .NET Framework , software framework for Microsoft Windows .NET Messenger Service , instant messaging ... more details
The Net may be Das Netz English The Net , an independent film directed by Lutz Dammbeck Movement for Democracy The Net , an Italian political party led by Leoluca Orlando The Net, slang for the Internet The Net 1953 film The Net 1953 film , a 1953 film starring James Donald The Net 1975 film The Net 1975 film , a 1975 film starring Klaus Kinski The Net 1995 film The Net 1995 film , a 1995 film starring Sandra Bullock The Net TV series The Net TV series , a 1998 television drama series based on the 1995 film of the same name The Net 2.0 , a 2006 direct to video sequel The Net album The Net album , a 1983 album by the Little River Band The Net BBC TV series The Net BBC TV series , a BBC TV series focusing on emerging technologies The Net substance , an alloy of copper and antimony Oakland Alameda County Coliseum previously Network Associates Coliseum, or the Net , a multi purpose stadium, located in Oakland, California, United States See also NET disambiguation disambiguation de Das Netz es La Red ... more details
National Income and Product Accounts NIPA . It is equal to the value of netoutput or GDP also known as gross value added plus intermediate consumption . Gross output represents, roughly speaking ... or Netoutput , the value of intermediate consumption intermediate goods and services must be subtracted from gross output. Net value added is obtained by additionally subtracting consumption of fixed capital depreciation . Definition of production The statistical definition of gross output is dependent ... to UNSNA data sets. Gross output versus netoutput Gross and netoutput are frequently confused with each other in economic discourse, insofar as the netoutput of a particular industry or economic ... interval. This is however not the case, because the netoutput of a sector refers only to the value ... the output. It is only the netoutput of the whole economy equal to GDP which provides a measure of the total ... total for the netoutput value in the whole economy. But at the level of an individual sector, the total value of the goods and services it produced in an accounting interval is not the netoutput ... itself. See also GDP Intermediate consumption Netoutput United Nations System of National Accounts ...unreferenced date October 2009 Expert verify date October 2009 gross output not in http unstats.un.org unsd nationalaccount SNA2008.pdf, and gross output same as output according to http stats.oecd.org ... glossary g.html GrossOutput Gross output is an economic concept used in national accounts such as the United ... output, on the ground that they are unrelated to production in the domestic economy . These include ... standard product account , gross output is the largest aggregate, and it is shown how GDP is derived ... Accounts NIPA system, no annual totals for gross output and intermediate consumption are shown in the product account, the focus being on GDP and its components only gross output and intermediate consumption are cited only in the input output tables compiled for intermittent years. Thus, to find ... more details
Two other uses the top level domain the Microsoft technology .NET Framework Infobox Top level domain name .net background FC0 image introduced 1985 type Generic top level domain status Active registry Verisign sponsor None intendeduse Network infrastructure actualuse ISPs miscellaneous sites used sometimes when desired name is not available in .com restrictions None structure Registrations at second level permitted RFC 1591 http www.icann.org tlds agreements netnet registry agreement 01jul05.pdf ICANN registry agreement disputepolicy UDRP website http verisigninc.com en US products and services domain name services registry services net domain names index.xhtml VeriSign NET Registry dnssec yes The domain name net is a generic top level domain gTLD used in the Domain Name System of the Internet . The name is derived from network , indicating its originally intended purpose was for organizations ... com tt . tt net tt is one of the original top level domains ref RFC 920, Domain Requirements , J. Postel ... 2011 Added by DASHBot ref Verisign , the operator of tt net tt after acquiring Network Solutions , held .... Verisign regained the contract bid, and secured its control over the tt net tt registry for another ... 2011 06 23 icann approves the renewal of net contract with verisign title .net Contract ... whois information for tt net tt http www.verisigninc.com en US products and services domain name services find registrar index.xhtml List of tt net tt accredited registrars http www.verisigninc.com en US products and services domain name services whois index.xhtml tt net tt WhoIS GTLD DEFAULTSORT NET ... members Category 1985 introductions ar .net be x old .net bg .net bs .net ca .net cs .net da .net es .net eu .net fa .net fr .net nom de domaine ko .net hy .net it .net hu .net mzn .net ms .net nl .net ja .net ce .net no .net toppniv domene pl .net pt .net ro .net ru .net sah .net sk .net sr .net fi .net verkkotunnus sv .net tr .net ur Net. vi .net fiu vro .net zh .net ... more details
Infobox Film name Into the Net image image size caption director George B. Seitz producer Malcolm Strauss writer Richard E. Enright br Frank Leon Smith narrator starring Edna Murphy br Jack Mulhall music cinematography editing distributor Path Path Exchange released 3 August 1924 runtime 10 episodes country Film US language Silent film Silent br English language English intertitles budget preceded by followed by Into the Net is a 1924 film serial directed by George B. Seitz . The film is now considered to be lost film lost . ref name silentera cite web url http www.silentera.com PSFL data I IntotheNet1924.html title Progressive Silent Film List Into the Net accessdate 2010 01 24 work Silent Era ref Cast Edna Murphy Natalie Van Cleef Jack Mulhall Bob Clayton Constance Bennett Madge Clayton Bradley Barker Bert Moore Frank Lackteen Dr. Vining Frances Landau Mrs. Fawcette Harry Semels Ivan Invanovitch Tom Goodwin Inspector Cabot Paul Porter The Emperor Tom Blake See also List of film serials List of film serials by studio References reflist External links imdb title id 0015015 title Into the Net Path serials George B. Seitz Category 1924 films Category American films Category American silent serial films Category Black and white films Category Path film serials Category Films directed by George B. Seitz Category Lost films silent film stub pt Into the Net ... more details
else. Netoutput , sometimes called netput is a quantity, in the context of production, that is positive if the quantity is output by the production process and negative if it is an input to the production process. Several different methods of measurement measuring output are utilized. Measuring National Output Calculating GDP Gross Domestic Product is the most popular measure of national output ...Output in economics is the quantity of good economics good s or Service economics services Production ... . http www personal.umich.edu alandear glossary o.html outputoutput, Deardorff s Glossary of International ... The concept of national output is absolutely essential in the field of macroeconomics . It is national output that makes a country rich, not large amounts of money . ref H.L Ahuja 1978 . Macro development .... Logically, the total output should be equal to the value of all goods and services produced in a country, but in counting every good and service, one actually ends up counting the same output again ... only value addition i.e. the new output created at each stage of production. Illustration ... of finishing the dress were say 150 rupees We can then say that she added 150 rupees worth of output to the dress as contrary to that she produced 800 rupees worth of output. So value addition is equal ... but implicitly all prior stage of output creation are accounted for. Even though both methods are widely ... to consumers. as a result investment only includes expenditures on output that is not expected to be used ... in American GDP since the output being purchased is foreign. To correct this issue, imports are eliminated from GDP. Taking all this into Account, we see that pre National Output GDP C I G X M pre A third way to calculate national output is to focus on income. In this method, we look at income which is paid to factors of production and labour for their services in producing the output. This is usually ..., rent, dividends etc. Because income is a payment for output, it is assumed that total income should ... more details
Infobox album Name Output Type Studio Artist Fedde le Grand Cover Recorded 2007 2009 Released Start date ... , Raf, Christian von Staffeldt, Patric La Funk Last album Sessions br 2007 This album Output br 2009 ... 13, 2008 Single 2 Scared of Me Single 2 date May 18, 2009 Single 3 Output Single 3 date July 24, 2009 ... rating 4 5 ref http www.urb.com 2009 10 12 fedde le grand output URB review ref rev2 mix1 rev2score rating 7 8 ref http www.artist area.de fedde le grand output limited edition mix1 review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Output is the first artist album by Dutch people Dutch DJ and Record producer ... name output1 http www.feddelegrand.com releases output album.html Output ref It was also released in countries ... Minutes to Explain was already released in summer 2008, but due to plans to release the album Output ... first single off the album, came out in May 2009 Output , the title track, was released as a digital ... F.L.G. & P.L.F. small writer11 Fedde le Grand, Patric La Funk length11 3 59 title12 Output small ... cite web url http www.feddelegrand.com releases output album.html title OUTPUT The Album Releases FeddeleGrand.com ... ref cite web url http itunes.apple.com ca album output id327269204 title iTunes Music OUTPUT by Fedde ... 131952238&blogId 395461426 title Fedde Le Grand Output NEW ALBUM van Lifted House op Myspace publisher ... cite web url http www.cdjapan.co.jp detailview.html?KEY AVCD 23914 title Output Fedde Le Grand CD& 93 ... output title Fedde Le Grand Output & 124 Albums & 124 Ministry of Sound Australia publisher Ministryofsound.com.au ... de Rat n ref cite web url http www.estereofonica.com fedde le grand lanza output su nuevo album title Fedde le Grand lanza Output su nuevo lbum publisher Estereofonica date accessdate 2012 03 04 ref ... dp B002P88UXE title Output Fedde Le Grand MP3 Downloads publisher Amazon.com date accessdate ... dp B002N0583Y title Output Fedde Le Grand Amazon.co.uk Music publisher Amazon.co.uk date accessdate 2012 03 04 ref Ireland Italy October 16, 2009 Net s Work Int. ref cite web url http www.netsworkrecords.it ... more details
Orphan date September 2010 Sectoral output for an industry or combination of industries sector is the value of the sector s gross output minus the value of shipments within the sector from one establishment to another. Value here is measured for a specified time period and usually in units of nominal money. It may be converted to constant units by multiplying by a price index to adjust for changes in prices over time and changes in quality of the goods and services produced. A sectoral output measure is conceptually different from measures of gross output or value added value added output . Gross output for the sector consists of sales, or receipts, and other operating income, plus commodity taxes and changes in inventories. Value added measures exclude the value of intermediate inputs such as material, energy, and services, whether from the same industry or others. Thus gross output is larger than sectoral output which is larger than value added output. Sectoral output is the measure of output used in KLEMS multifactor productivity multifactor measures of productivity , which attempt to account for all direct inputs to production capital services K , labor services L , energy E , materials purchased M , and services purchased S . When calculating labor productivity , a value added measure of output should be used to avoid counting other inputs like purchased materials as if they were created by the labor and capital applied within the sector. The definition of the sectoral output has been attributed to Frank M. Gollop ref http stats.bls.gov mfp mprgul95.pdf Gullickson, William. Measurement of productivity growth in U.S. manufacturing. Monthly Labor Review July, 1995, asserts this on p.14, citing the source Accounting for Intermediate Input The Link Between Sectoral and Aggregate ... stats.oecd.org glossary detail.asp?ID 2411 OECD definition of sectoral output DEFAULTSORT Sectoral Output Category Economic data Category Production economics Category National accounts ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date November 2006 In physics , work output is the Mechanical work work done by a simple machine , compound machine , or any type of engine model. In common terms, it is the energy output, which for simple machines is always less than the energy input, even though the force s may be drastically different. In thermodynamics , work output can refer to the Work thermodynamics thermodynamic work done by a heat engine , in which case the amount of work output must be less than the input as energy is lost to heat, as determined by the engine s Energy conversion efficiency efficiency . DEFAULTSORT Work Output Category Thermodynamics Category Physics ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Output compare is the ability to trigger an output based on a timestamp in memory, without interrupting the execution of code by a central processing unit processor or microcontroller . This is a functionality provided by many embedded system s. The corresponding ability to record a timestamp in memory when an input occurs is called input capture . DEFAULTSORT Output Compare Category Embedded systems Compu stub ... more details
Citations date January 2011 Infobox record label name Output Recordings image Image Output Recordings logo.png image bg parent founded 1996 founder Trevor Jackson musician Trevor Jackson status Defunct distributor genre Electroclash , post rock , post punk , dance punk , acid house , electronica country United Kingdom location url http outputrecordings.com Output Recordings was a United Kingdom British independent record label run by Trevor Jackson musician Trevor Jackson , between 1996 and 2006. Output released 100 records over the ten year period, and several bands first appeared on this label, including Fridge band Fridge , Lisa Germano , Four Tet , Black Strobe , Colder artist Colder , LCD Soundsystem , and Jackson s own Playgroup band Playgroup . Output Recordings also co distributed releases from DFA Records in Europe . References cite news first Laura last Pearson title Exclusive Output Recordings Calls It Quits url http pitchforkmedia.com article news 38539 exclusive output recordings calls it quits publisher Pitchfork Media date 2006 09 13 accessdate 2007 06 14 External links http www.outputrecordings.com Official webpage with catalog of unavailable releases http www.myspace.com outputrecordings Output Recordings on MySpace with streaming music http www.myspace.com playgroup Trevor Jackson on MySpace, with history of label Category British independent record labels Category Record labels established in 1996 UK record label stub ... more details
unreferenced date November 2007 Contract law An output contract is an contract agreement in which a producer agrees to sell an extremely small amount of its entire production to the buyer, who in turn agrees to purchase the entire output, once it is determined the product is satisfactory. Example an almond grower enters into an output contract with an almond packer thus the producer has a home for output of nuts, and the packer of nuts is happy to try the particular product. The converse of this situation is a requirements contract , under which a seller agrees to supply the buyer with as much of a good or service as the buyer wants, in exchange for the buyer s agreement not to buy that good or service elsewhere. Uniform Commercial Code comment section 2 306 A term which measures the quantity by the output of the seller or the requirements of the buyer, means such actual output or requirements that may occur in good faith. Good faith cessation of production terminates any further obligations thereunder and excuses further performance by the party discontinuing production. However, the cessation of production must be in light of bankruptcy or other similar situations. The yield of less profit from a sale than expected does not excuse further performance of an output contract. See Feld vs. Henry S. Levy & Sons, Inc. New York, 1975 or Technical Assistance International, Inc. vs. United States U.S. Court of Appeals, 1998 . business stub Category Business law Category Contract law ... more details
In economics , output elasticity is the percentage change of output Gross domestic product GDP or production of a single firm divided by the percentage change of an input. It is sometimes called partial output elasticity to clarify that it refers to the change of only one input. ref A. Charnes, W. W. Cooper, and A. P. Schinnar 1976 , A theorem on homogeneous functions and extended Cobb Douglas forms , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Vol. 73, No. 10, pp. 3747 3748. ref As with every Elasticity economics elasticity , this measure is defined locally, i.e. defined at a point. If the production function contains only one input, then the output elasticity is also an indicator of the degree of returns to scale . If the coefficient of output elasticity is greater than 1, then production is experiencing increasing returns to scale. If the coefficient is less than 1, then production is experiencing decreasing returns to scale. If the coefficient is 1, then production is experiencing constant returns to scale. Note that returns to scale may change as the level of production changes. ref name Perloff, Microeconomics Theory 2008 Perloff, Microeconomics Theory & Applications with Calculus Pearson 2008 at 193. ref Output elasticity is defined as the percentage change in output per one percent change in all the inputs. ref Hirschey 2003 p. 238. ref The coefficient of output elasticity can be used to estimate returns to scale. ref Hirschey 2003 p. 238. ref E sub Q sub Q X x X Q where X represents the inputs and Q, the output. ref Hirschey 2003 p. 238. ref See also elasticity economics References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Output Elasticity Category Elasticity economics Econ stub de Produktionselastizit t ... more details
Output transformerless OTL is a term which describes a subset of vacuum tube audio power amplifier topologies, all of which omit an Transformer types Audio transformers output transformer for the purpose of greater linearity and fidelity. Conventional vacuum tube amplifier designs rely upon an output transformer to couple the amplifier s output stage to the loudspeaker . Instead, OTLs use one of two primary methods for output stage coupling direct coupling DC or capacitive coupling AC . Additional ... terms, including OCL output capacitorless which distinguishes OTL designs lacking an output coupling ... and misuse of the term OTL Section OR date November 2010 The term output transformerless being ... vacuum tube amplifiers, may be described as output transformerless . However, it has been generally ... electronics solid state power amplifier which lacks a conventional output transformer . This weakness ... coupling and variants Background The output coupling method of a vacuum tube amplifier generally serves two basic purposes Negation blocking of DC voltages in the output section to prevent a damaging ... impedance impedance of the conventional vacuum tube output section to the relatively low impedance ... s output section and the selection of vacuum tube types with sufficiently low impedance to allow ... at the amplifier s output terminals prior to operation. Capacitively coupled designs Like the direct .... Instead, DC voltage in the output section is blocked by an output coupling capacitor typically a large value 3000 6000 F electrolytic capacitor which is interposed between the amplifier s output section ... in standard terms. These designs employ what would appear to be a type of transformer at the output, but due to the atypical design and operation of this output coupling device transformer , these designs ..., no firm technical consensus exists as to how these designs should be classified. By output section topology There are several practical approaches to the design of an OTL amplifier s output ... more details
mergefrom Inflationary gap date March 2012 Image Actual potential GDP output gap CBO Jan 09 outlook.png thumb 250px Potential light and actual bold GDP estimates from the Congressional Budget Office. The difference between the two represents the GDP gap. Image 2009 Output Gap IMF.png thumb 250px IMF estimates of the 2009 output gaps as of GDP by country The GDP gap or the output gap is the difference between potential GDP and actual GDP or actual output. The calculation for the output gap is Y Y where Y is actual output and Y is potential output. If this calculation yields a positive number it is called an inflationary gap and indicates the growth of aggregate demand is outpacing the growth of aggregate supply possibly creating inflation if the calculation yields a negative number it is called a recessionary gap possibly signifying deflation . ref Richard G. Lipsey and Alec Chrystal. Economics . Oxford University Press. 11th edition. January 2007. p. 423. ref The percentage GDP gap is the actual GDP minus the potential GDP divided by the potential GDP. math GDP actual GDP potential over GDP potential math . Okun s Law The relationship between output and unemployment Okun s Law is based on regression analysis of US data that shows a correlation between unemployment and GDP. Okun s law can be stated as For every 1 increase in Unemployment Cyclical or Keynesian unemployment cyclical unemployment actual unemployment natural rate of unemployment , GDP will decrease by . Output gap x Cyclical unemployment This can also be expressed as Y Y Y u where Y is actual output Y is potential output u is actual unemployment is the natural rate of unemployment is a constant derived from regression show the link between deviations from natural output & natural unemployment. References reflist See also Phillips Curve ZIRP External links http www.tutor2u.net economics content topics ... Domestic Product Econ stub de Produktionsl cke fr cart de production it Output gap ja no Produksjonsgap ... more details
Refimprove date January 2008 In economics , potential output also referred to as natural gross domestic product refers to the highest level of real vs. nominal in economics real Gross Domestic Product output that can be sustained over the long term. The existence of a limit is due to natural and institutional constraints. If actual GDP rises and stays above potential output, then in the absence of wage and price controls inflation tends to increase as demand exceeds supply and demand supply . This is because of the limited supply of workers and their time, capital equipment, and natural resources, along with the limits of our technology and our management skills. Graphically, the expansion of output beyond the natural limit can be seen as a shift of production volume above the optimum quantity on the average cost curve. Likewise, if GDP is below natural GDP, inflation will decelerate as suppliers lower prices to fill their excess production capacity. Potential output in macroeconomics corresponds to one point on the production possibilities frontier or curve for a society as a whole seen in introductory economics, reflecting natural, technological, and institutional constraints. Potential output has also been called the natural gross domestic product . If the economy is at potential, the unemployment rate equals the NAIRU or the natural rate of unemployment . There is great disagreement among economists as to what these rates actually are. Generally speaking, most central banks ... monetary policy . The difference between potential output and actual output is referred to as the GDP gap output or GDP gap , which may closely track measures of industrial capacity utilization . ref ...&topicid &result number 1 Abstract . ref Potential output has also been studied in relation Okun s law as to percentage changes in output associated with changes in the output gap and over time ... cycle in the economy relative to the output gap. ref Charles R. Nelson, 2008. trend cycle decomposition ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2007 Image Laser.svg thumb 275px Principal components of a laser br 1. Active laser medium br 2. Laser pumping energy br 3. High reflector br 4. Output coupler br 5. Laser beam An output coupler OC is a partially reflective mirror used in laser s to extract a portion of the laser beam from the optical resonator . Lasers operate by Reflection physics reflecting light between two or more mirrors which have an active laser medium between them. The medium amplifies the light by stimulated emission . For lasing to occur, the gain of the active medium must be larger than the total loss, which includes both unwanted effects such as Absorption electromagnetic radiation absorption , and the intentional release of energy through the output coupler. In other words the laser must attain lasing threshold threshold . There are two important properties of the output coupler Radii of curvature The output coupler may be either flat or Curved mirror curved , depending on the design of the optical cavity. The face of the output coupler facing into the cavity is the side with the applied partially reflective coating. This is the side which partially determines the laser modal properties. If this inner surface is curved then so must be the outer surface. This will stop the OC performing as a lens. The curvature of the outer surface can be designed to give a collimated laser output. This outer surface generally has an anti reflection coating applied to maximise the output power. Reflectance Reflectivity Depending on the gain of the medium, the amount of light the OC needs to reflect back can vary widely. Helium neon laser s require around a 99 reflective mirror to lase, while nitrogen laser s have an extremely high gain they are superradiant and do not require any OC 0 reflective . The reflectivity of any OC will vary with wavelength . A particular mirror may have a tuning range as low as a 10nm or so. For this reason the spectral properties of the OC are impo ... more details
Merge from Cardiac input date January 2010 cleanup date January 2010 Cardiac output Q or math dot Q c ... sum of output from the right ventricle and the output from the left ventricle during the phase of Systole medicine systole of the heart. An average resting cardiac output would be 5.6 L min ... nervous system activity can also increase cardiac output. HR can vary by a factor of approximately ... Fraction EF SV EDV 100 Cardiac Output Q SV HR Cardiac index Cardiac Index CI Q Body Surface ... is now an important research and clinical focus in cardiovascular medicine. Measuring cardiac output ... and Kinesiology publisher Net Industries and its Licensors accessdate 30 April 2011 year 2011 ref While ... methods The output of heart is equal to the amount of indicator injected divided by its average ... output frac Quantity of Indicator int 0 infty Concentration of Indicator cdot dt math The trapezoid ... significant Swan Ganz multi lumen catheter allows reproducible calculation of Cardiac Output from ... output. Under this unique method, three or four repeated measurements or passes are usually averaged ... physiology such as Cardiac Output and Ejection Fraction . 2D measurement of the diameter d of the aortic ... Cardiac Output Monitor USCOM Uscom Ltd, Sydney, Australia uses Continuous Wave Doppler CW ... cardiac output Q utilizing a standard arterial catheter. The device consists of a special ... , derives left sided cardiac output Q from a sample of arterial pulsations. The device works by utilizing ... assess the effect of vascular tone allowing calculation of SV. Cardiac Output Q is then derived utilizing ... waveform are counted for HR. This system estimates Cardiac Output using an existing arterial catheter ... and Taylor The FlotTrac Device should not be used to follow cardiac output in cardiac surgical patients ... author Romano SM, Pistolesi M title Assessment of cardiac output from systemic arterial pressure ... Pressure recording analytical method PRAM for measurement of cardiac output during various haemodynamic ... more details
pp semi small yes sync Display device unreferenced date July 2007 An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system such as a computer to the outside world. In computing, input output , or I O, refers to the communication between an information processing system such as a computer , and the outside world. Inputs are the signals or data sent to the system, and outputs are the signals or data sent by the system to the outside. Examples of output devices Computer speaker Speakers Headphones Computer monitor Screen Monitor Printer computing Printer See also CAD CNC Computer controlled milling machine s Computer graphics Digital image processing Graphics card Graphics chip Graphical user interface Rapid prototyping Vector graphics vs. Raster graphics Basic computer components Category Computing output devices ar bs Izlazni ure aj cs V stupn za zen de Ausgabeger t el ko jv Piranti weton kk lt I vesties renginys mk ms Peranti keluaran pt Dispositivo de sa da ru sq Pajisjet dal se simple Output device sk V stupn zariadenie sh Izlazni ure aji ta ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 The output impedance , source impedance , or internal impedance of an electronic device is the opposition exhibited by its output terminals to an alternating current AC of a particular frequency as a result of Electrical resistance resistance , inductance and capacitance . It is the Th venin equivalent Electrical impedance impedance looking back into the output terminals. In the case of a nonlinear device , such as a transistor , the term output impedance usually refers to the effect upon a small amplitude signal, and will vary with the bias point of the transistor, that is, with the direct current DC and voltage applied to the device. The small signal impedance at DC frequency of 0 is the same as the resistive component of the impedance and is termed output resistance . No real device Battery electricity battery , electrical generator generator , amplifier is a perfect source each has an internal impedance, though this may have little practical effect, depending on the circuit and the load. Depending on perspective, this impedance can be modeled as being in series with an ideal voltage source , or in parallel with an ideal current source see Thevenin ... Ohm unit ohm output impedance means the output voltage signal appears to be in series with a 100 ... measurements by hand. Audio amplifiers Image Source and load circuit Z.png The real output impedance ... gives the small source impedance output impedance of the power amplifier. This can be calculated from ..., more than 10 the output impedance of the device connected to them. This is called impedance bridging ... connection. In this case, Z sub source sub Z sub load sub , DF 1 1 1 . The actual output impedance for most devices is not the same as the rated output impedance. A power amplifier may have a rated impedance of 8 ohms, but the actual output impedance will vary depending on circuit conditions. The rated output impedance is simply that impedance into which the amplifier can deliver its maximum ... more details
three functions of output 1. Noticing function Learners encounter gaps between what they want to say .... 3. Metalinguistic function Learners reflect about the language they learn and hereby the output enables ... in output and the cognitive processes they generate. step towards second language learning. Applied ... output hypotheses is that output is rare, and comprehensible output is even rarer. Even when the language ... Annals. 23 539 553 ref Methods that are based on comprehensible output frequently put acquirers in this uncomfortable position. The comprehensible output theory is closely related to the need hypothesis ... levels of language and literacy proficiency without any language output or production at all. ref ... reasonable strategy than increasing output, says Krashen. ref name Krashen2003 Wolfgang Butzkamm ... more details
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