Data Link Switching DLSw is a tunneling protocol designed to tunnel unroutable, non IP based protocols such as IBM Systems Network Architecture SNA and NetBIOS Frames protocol NBF over an IP network. DLSw was initially documented in IETF RFC 1434 in 1993. In 1995 it was further documented in the IETF RFC 1795. DLSw version 2 was presented in 1997 in IETF RFC 2166 as an improvement to RFC 1795. Cisco Systems has its own proprietary extensions to DLSw in DLSw . According to Cisco, DLSw is 100 IETF RFC 1795 compliant but includes some proprietary extensions that can be used when both devices are Cisco. ref cite web url http docwiki.cisco.com wiki Data Link Switching title Data Link Switching DLSw publisher Cisco accessdate 2011 06 16 ref Some organisations are starting to replace DLSw tunneling with the more modern Enterprise Extender EE protocol which is a feature of IBM APPN on z OS systems. Microsoft refers to EE as IPDLC . Enterprise Extender uses UDP traffic at the Transport Layer rather than the Network Layer . ref cite web url http www 1.ibm.com support docview.wss?rs 852&uid swg27006667 title Understanding Enterprise Extender, Part 1 Concepts and Considerations publisher IBM accessdate 2008 09 15 ref Cisco deploy Enterprise Extender on their hardware via the IOS feature known as SNAsW SNA Switch . See also IBM Systems Network Architecture Microsoft Host Integration Server Synchronous Data Link Control References reflist External links http www.faqs.org rfcs rfc1434.html RFC 1434 Data Link Switching Switch to Switch Protocol http www.faqs.org rfcs rfc1795.html RFC 1795 DLSw Standard Version 1.0 http www.faqs.org rfcs rfc2166.html RFC 2166 DLSw v2.0 Enhancements Category Tunneling protocols de Data Link Switching ... more details
orphan date January 2008 LANStar Lanstar was a 2.56 Mbit s twisted pair local area network created by Northern Telecom NT , now Nortel in the mid 80s. Because NT s PBX systems already owned a building s twisted pair plant for voice , it made sense to use the same wiring for data as well. LANStar was originally to be a component of NT s PTE Packet Transport Equipment product, which was a sort of minicomputer arrangement with dumb VT220 terminals on the desktop and the CPUs in an intelligent rack the PTE in the PBX room alongside the PBX . The PTE was to have several basic office automation apps word processing, database, etc. Just as NT was doing Beta testing of the PTE, PCs and PC networking took off, effectively killing the PTE before it completed Beta. br Given the investment already sunk into the product, NT attempted to repackage the PTE as a small dorm room refrigerator sized cabinet the PTE S, S for small containing only LANStar controllers and supporting up to 112 nodes. ref http docs.info.apple.com article.html?artnum 1855&coll ap LANStar PTE and PTE S Can Be Used Without Voice Features Bot generated title ref LANStar had cards for the PC XT, PC AT and MacII and supported NetBIOS, Banyan, Novell, and AppleTalk. br LANStar was discontinued in 1990. ref http www.cbronline.com article cg.asp?guid 6033A825 ED9B 44ED 988B F3B37F2193C7 Northern Telecom Calls It A Dai In The Local Network Market Computer Business Review Bot generated title ref br The name LANStar was coined by NT Product Marketing manager Paul Masters he heard of AT&T s proposed StarLAN product and created a similar name in order to piggyback on all the publicity surrounding AT&T s product. See also Meridian Mail The voicemail system that also used the PTE References references Category Computer networking ... more details
via the NetBIOS API, which in turn can run on several Transport Layer transports ref cite web url ... 137, 139 see NetBIOS over TCP IP on several legacy protocols such as NetBIOS Frames protocol NBF incorrectly ... versions of Windows. SMB was originally designed to run on top of the NetBIOS NetBEUI Application programming interface API typically implemented with NetBIOS Frames protocol NBF , NetBIOS over IPX SPX , or NetBIOS over TCP IP NBT . Since Windows 2000 , SMB runs, by default, with a thin layer ... over TCP port 445 without requiring NetBIOS as a transport a largely experimental effort that required ... date April 2012 As a member or a DC? What functional level domain? Performance issues NetBIOS The use ... commonly associated with SMB actually originate with the NetBIOS Service Location Protocol service location protocol . By default, a Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 server used NetBIOS to advertise and locate services. NetBIOS functions by broadcasting services available on a particular host at regular intervals ... for all Windows operating systems. Resolution of short NETBIOS names by DNS requires that a DNS ... more details
be used to carry out denial of service attack s that can disable NetBIOS services on Microsoft ... technet security bulletin MS00 047.mspx Patch Available for NetBIOS Name Server Protocol Spoofing ... more details
NDDENB32 .DLL Network DDE NetBIOS Interface NETDDE .EXE Network DDE DDE Communication Microsoft licensed a basic NetBIOS Frames protocol only version of the product for inclusion in various versions ... more details
The term WinNuke refers to a remote denial of service attack DoS that affected the Microsoft Windows 95 , Microsoft Windows NT and Microsoft Windows 3.1x computer operating system s. The Exploit computer security exploit sent a string of Out of band OOB out of band data to the target computer on TCP IP TCP port 139 NetBIOS , ref cite web url http web.nvd.nist.gov view vuln detail?vulnId CVE 1999 0153 title National Vulnerability Database NVD National Vulnerability Database CVE 1999 0153 publisher Web.nvd.nist.gov date accessdate 2010 09 23 ref causing it to lock up and display a Blue Screen of Death . This did not damage or change the data on the computer s hard disk, but any unsaved data would be lost. The so called OOB simply means that the malicious TCP packet contained an TCP header Urgent Pointer URG . The Urgent Pointer is a rarely used field in the TCP header, used to indicate that some of the data in the TCP stream should be processed quickly by the recipient. Affected operating systems didn t handle the Urgent Pointer field correctly. A person under the screen name eci published his C programming language C source code for the exploit on June 7, 1997. ref cite web url http insecure.org sploits windows.OOB.DOS.html title Windows NT 95 3.11 Out Of Band OOB data barf publisher Insecure.org date accessdate 2010 09 23 ref With the source code being widely used and distributed, Microsoft was forced to create security patches, which were released a few weeks later. For a time, numerous flavors of this exploit appeared going by such names as fedup, gimp, killme, killwin, knewkem, liquidnuke, mnuke, netnuke, muerte, nuke, nukeattack, nuker102, pnewq, project1, pstlince, simportnuke, sprite, sprite32, vconnect, vzmnuker, wingenocide, winnukeit, winnuker02, winnukev95, wnuke3269, wnuke4, and wnuke95. A company called SemiSoft Solutions from New Zealand created a small program, called AntiNuke, that blocks WinNuke without having to install the official patch. ref http ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A network service is a Service systems architecture service hosted on a computer network . Network services provide some functionality for members or users of the network. Services are usually based on a defined protocol computing service protocol . Network services are hosted by Server computing server s to provide shared resource s to client computing client computers. The service software is often referred to as a Port computer networking port , Daemon computing daemon , or Observer pattern listener . A specific kind of service is often mapped to a specific port number for the underlying transmission protocol e.g. Internet Protocol , Transmission Control Protocol , User Datagram Protocol . An examples of a network services would include Domain Name System DNS , DHCP , NetBIOS , and HTTP . Network services in LAN Network services are configured on corporate local area network s to ensure security and usability user friendly operation. They help the LAN run smoothly and efficiently. Corporate LANs use network services such as DNS Domain Name System to give names to Internet protocol IP and MAC address es people remember names like nm.lan better than they remember numbers like 210.121.67.18 , and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP to ensure that everyone on the network has a valid IP address. DHCP eases administrative burden by automating the IP assignment of nodes on the network. Adding or removing Node networking nodes from the network doesn t create problems with IP address retrieval the DHCP service handles this automatically. Authentication server s are another network service, they allow every user to have their own account, and everything they do on that account is logged under their user name. This means that not only are users accountable for anything they do while on the network, but also it increases security as anyone wanting to access the LAN must have a registered user name and password. Doing network administratio ... more details
Remote Access Services RAS refers to any combination of hardware and software to enable the remote access tools or information that typically reside on a network of IT devices. A RAS server is a specialized computer which aggregates multiple communication channels together. Because these channels are bidirectional, two models emerge Multiple entities connecting to a single resource, and a single entity connecting to multiple resources. Both of these models are widely used. Both physical and virtual resources can be provided through a RAS server centralized computing can provide multiple users access to a remote virtual operating system. Access Providers often use RAS servers to terminate physical connections to their customers, for example customers who get Internet through some form of modem. Originally coined by Microsoft when referring to their built in NT remote access tools, RAS was a service provided by Windows NT which allows most of the services which would be available on a Computer network network to be accessed over a modem link. The service includes support for dialup and logon , presents the same network interface as the normal network drivers albeit slightly slower . It is not necessary to run Windows NT on the client computing client there are client versions for other Microsoft Windows Windows operating systems . A feature built into Windows NT enables users to log into an NT based LAN using a modem, X.25 connection or Wide area network WAN link. RAS works with several major network protocols, including TCP IP , IPX , and NetBIOS Frames protocol NBF . To use RAS from a remote node, you need a RAS client program, which is built into most versions of Windows, or any Point to Point Protocol PPP client software. For example, most remote control programs work with RAS. Starting in the mid 1990s, several manufacturers such as U.S. Robotics produced modem terminal servers . Instead of having RS 232 ports, these would directly incorporate an analog modem . T ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 LAN Manager was a Network operating system Network Operating System NOS available from multiple vendors and developed by Microsoft in cooperation with 3Com Corporation . It was designed to succeed 3Com s 3 Share network server software which ran atop a heavily modified version of MS DOS . Development history LAN Manager was based on the OS 2 operating system co developed by IBM and Microsoft. It originally used the Server Message Block protocol atop either the NetBIOS Frames protocol NBF or a specialized version of the Xerox Network Systems XNS protocol. These legacy protocols had been inherited from previous products such as MS NET for MS DOS , Xenix NET for Xenix MS Xenix , and the afore mentioned 3 Share. A version of LAN Manager for Unix based systems called LAN Manager X was also available. In 1990, Microsoft announced LAN Manager 2.0 with a host of improvements, including support for TCP IP as a transport protocol. The last version LAN Manager, 2.2, which included an MS OS 2 1.31 base operating system, remained Microsoft s strategic server system until the release of Windows NT 3.1 Windows NT Advanced Server in 1993. Many vendors shipped licensed versions, including 3Com Corporation 3 Open HP LAN Manager X IBM LAN Server Tapestry Torus Security vulnerability main LM hash LAN Manager authentication uses a particularly weak method of Cryptographic hash function hashing a user s password known as the LM hash algorithm. This makes the authentication crackable in a matter of seconds using rainbow table s or in few hours using Brute force attack brute force . Its use in Windows NT was replaced by NTLM , which is still vulnerable to rainbow tables, but less vulnerable to brute force attacks. Both protocols have subsequently been deprecated in favor of Kerberos protocol Kerberos , but remain in use for backward compatibility and inter operability. DEFAULTSORT Lan Manager Category OS 2 Category Discontinued Microsoft software Category Co ... more details
The Sytek Inc. , now known as http www.hughes.com Hughes LAN Systems Inc. , created the NetBIOS protocol, used by Microsoft to make its networks with MS Windows 3.x and 9x. Sytek was founded in Silicon Valley and last officed in their own building on Charleston Road in Mountain View, California Mountain View . During this crucial period in Local area network LAN development, there were two factions within IBM competing over the basic LAN architecture. One group, the telco switch folks from Geneva liked a central hub, with a network of distributed twisted pair conductors, as is used in phone systems. The other group, Entry Systems Division from Boca Raton, liked the idea of a distributed bus architecture. Building on prior work done by such companies as Intech Labs aka American Modem & AMDAX , Sytek built an radio frequency RF transceiver that operated on cable TV frequencies. It receive in the High VHF band and transmitted in the Low VHF band. These bands were referred to as the forward and reverse channels. Within any given frequency band, it was possible to have many, many, virtual circuits between devices. In order to increase the advantage of using Frequency division multiplexing FDM on the cable, Sytek added an algorithm based on Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection CSMA CD . It must be remembered that there were few, if any, IEEE standards at that time. All of the devices, called T Boxes, were equipped with an Electronic Industries Alliance EIA RS 232 serial interface, which had a legal maximum data rate of 19.2 kbit s. While this may seem slow by today s standards, it was screaming fast in 1982 Determining a need for PC PC and especially PC mainframe communications, IBM asked Sytek to manufacture LAN adapter cards based on their FDM TDM technology for IBM PCs, which they did. IBM saw the value of PCs as being a catalyst to sell more mainframe computers and understood that a LAN of the type Sytek made was superior to dedicated runs of RG 62 coaxial ... more details
applications. Many of the OS 2 APIs particularly NetBIOS LANMan networking APIs already existed in almost ... protocol s NetBIOS Frames protocol NBF using the NetBEUI API , TCP IP , and Data Link Control DLC . NetBIOS Frames protocol At the time of NT s release, NetBIOS Frames protocol NBF was the most common ... addresses had to be manually configured. Support for NetBIOS over TCP IP NBT , DHCP, and Windows Internet ... more details
A LAN messenger is an instant messaging program designed for use within a single local area network LAN . There are advantages using a LAN messenger over a normal instant messenger. The LAN messenger runs inside a company or private LAN, and so an active Internet connection or a Server computing central server is not required Peer to peer P2P . Only people who are inside the Firewall computing firewall will have access to the system. Communication data does not leave the LAN, and also the system can not be messaging spam spammed from the outside Darknet file sharing Darknet . Many LAN messenger offer basic functionality for sending private messages, file transfer , chatroom s and graphical smiley s. ref http www.softpedia.com get Internet Chat LAN Messaging Clients Softpedia category LAN Messaging Clients ref ref http www.softsea.com software LAN Messenger.html SoftSea category LAN Messenger ref ref http www.pan tech.com top lan messenger free window Pan Tech Review of Top 10 LAN Messengers for Windows ref ref http www.filesland.com software lan messenger.html LAN Messengers for Windows OS at Filesland.com ref History On Unix there is the command Talk software talk which enables users to directly talk with each other, first versions were available on a Digital Equipment Corporation DEC PDP 11 computer system in the 1970s. ref http osdir.com ml culture.internet.history 2002 12 msg00026.html Origin of talk command ref The used NTALK protocol has also been used by programs on other operating systems, for example TalkR and WinTalk on Windows. With the spreading of Samba software Samba it became possible to send text messages in heterogeneous networks smbclient . Nearly all Linux distributions offer a samba package. The first LAN messenger for Microsoft Windows Windows is Messenger service WinPopup WinPopup , a small utility included since Windows 3.11. WinPopup uses Server Message Block SMB NetBIOS protocol and was intended to receive and send short text messages. Windo ... more details
where one host can take the role of NetBIOS browse master and act as a NetBIOS over TCP IP Name .... There is also Windows Internet Name Service WINS , which is effectively the same to NetBIOS names ... more details
Windows Server Message Block SMB , also known as CIFS Transmission Control Protocol TCP , NetBIOS over TCP IP NBT includes User Datagram Protocol UDP , NetBIOS Frames protocol NBF , or other NetBIOS ... more details
A hostname is a label that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network and that is used to identify the device in various forms of electronic communication such as the World Wide Web , e mail or Usenet . Hostnames may be simple names consisting of a single word or phrase, or they may have appended the name of a Domain Name System DNS domain, separated from the host specific label by a period dot . In the latter form, a hostname is also called a domain name. If the domain name is completely specified including a top level domain of the Internet , the hostname is said to be a fully qualified domain name FQDN . Hostnames that include DNS domains are often stored in the Domain Name System together with IP address es of the host they represent for the purpose of mapping the hostname to an address, or the reverse process. Overview Hostnames are used by various naming systems, e.g., Network Information Service NIS , Domain Name System DNS , Server Message Block SMB , and the meaning of hostname will vary according to the naming system used. A hostname meaningful to a Microsoft NetBIOS workgroup may be an invalid Internet hostname. When presented with a hostname without any context, it is usually safe to assume that the network is the Internet and the hostname s naming system is the DNS. Host names are typically used in an administrative capacity and may appear in computer browser lists, active directory lists, IP address to hostname resolutions, email headers, etc. They are human readable nicknames that correspond to a network address. Internet hostnames On the Internet , a hostname is a domain name assigned to a host computer. This is usually a combination of the host s local name with its parent domain s name. For example, en.wikipedia.org consists of a local hostname en and the domain name wikipedia.org . This kind of hostname is translated into an IP address via the local hosts file , or the Domain Name System DNS resolver. It is possible for a single host ... more details
Protocol 2 NetBEUI IBM NetBIOS Extended User Interface NetBEUI v 3.0 IEC 61883 IEC 61883 1 IEEE 1284 ... 1002 NetBIOS over TCP IP NetBIOS over TCP NETBT Serial Line Internet Protocol RFC 1055 Serial ... handshake authentication protocol Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol MD5 CHAP RFC 2097 NetBIOS ... more details
A 2008 11 21 NetBIOS Exploits MS08 067 vulnerability in Server service ref name sri 1 HTTP pull Downloads ... 12 29 NetBIOS Exploits MS08 067 vulnerability in Server service ref name sri 1 Dictionary attack on tt ... domains over 8 TLDs ref name symantec 2 NetBIOS push Patches MS08 067 to open reinfection backdoor ... ref name symantec 10 Conficker C 2009 02 20 NetBIOS Exploits MS08 067 vulnerability in Server service ... from any of 250 pseudorandom domains over 8 TLDs ref name sri 1 NetBIOS push Patches MS08 067 to open ... 10 Conficker E 2009 04 07 NetBIOS Exploits MS08 067 vulnerability in Server service ref name symantec ... 04 10 publisher Symantec ref NetBIOS push Patches MS08 067 to open reinfection backdoor in Server ... copies of themselves through the administrative share ADMIN share on computers visible over NetBIOS ... in memory patch computing patches to NetBIOS related DLLs to close MS08 067 and watch for re infection ... more details
SMB protocol over NetBIOS . Windows for Workgroups 3.1 Windows for Workgroups 3.1 originally codenamed ... 3.1 that comes with Server message block SMB file sharing support via the NetBIOS based NetBIOS ... more details
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