Infobox disease Name Gastrinoma Image Gastric neuroendocrine tumour intermed mag.jpg Width 200 Caption Micrograph of a neuroendocrine tumour of the stomach. H&E stain . DiseasesDB 14279 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO ICDO 8153 1 OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 2678 MeshID D015408 A gastrinoma is a tumor in the pancreas or duodenum that secretes excess of gastrin leading to ulceration in the duodenum, stomach and the small intestine. There is hypersecretion of the HCl in the duodenum which causes the ulcers. HCl also causes hyperperistalsis and inhibits the activity of lipase causing severe diarrhoea. It is frequently the source of the gastrin in Zollinger Ellison syndrome . ref name urlDorlands Medical Dictionary gastrinoma cite web url http www.mercksource.com pp us cns cns hl dorlands split.jsp?pg ppdocs us common dorlands dorland four 000043773.htm title Dorlands Medical Dictionary gastrinoma work accessdate ref It is most commonly found in the duodenum 50 70 and less commonly in the pancreas 20 40 . Those occurring in the pancreas have a greater potential for malignancy. Most gastrinomas are found in the gastrinoma triangle this is bound by the junction of cystic and common bile ducts, junction of the second and third parts of the duodenum, and the junction of the neck and body of the pancreas. Clinical Picture Gastrinoma causes the following symptoms Hypergastrinaemia Ulcers of the duodenum, stomach, and small intestine. Severe diarrhea. Generalised cancer symptoms. Diagnostics 1 Fasting Serum Gastrin. 2 In case of moderate hypergastrinemia, a secretin stimulation test can help in the dignosis. Treatment Treatment can involve surgery or proton pump inhibitor s. See also Multiple endocrine neoplasia MEN type 1 References reflist External links GPnotebook 462749670 http www.surgery.usc.edu divisions tumor pancreasdiseases web 20pages Endocrine 20tumors pancreatic 20tumors gastrinoma.html USC http emedicine.medscape.com article 184332 overview Emedicine http pathology.jhu.edu ... more details
distinguish Parvocellular cell Parvocellular neurosecretory cells are small neuron s within Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus PVN of the hypothalamus . The axons of the parvocellular neurosecretory cells of the PVN project to the median eminence , at the base of the brain, where their neurosecretory nerve terminals release peptides into blood vessels in the hypothalamo pituitary portal system . The blood vessels carry the peptides to the anterior pituitary gland, where they regulate the secretion of hormones into the systemic circulation. Types The parvocellular neurosecretory cells include those that make Corticotropin releasing hormone CRH , which regulates ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary gland Vasopressin , which also regulates ACTH secretion vasopressin and CRH act synergistically to stimulate ACTH secretion Thyrotropin releasing hormone TRH , which regulates TSH and prolactin secretion See also Magnocellular neurosecretory cell References reflist Unreferenced date April 2010 Diencephalon Category Neuroendocrine cells Category Neuroendocrinology Category Human cells ... more details
Receptor Expressing Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ref which may soon be expanding to additional cancer ..., for instance Uppsala Centre of Excellence in Neuroendocrine Tumors and Erasmus University ... more details
complexity in distinguishing between carcinoid and other neuroendocrine tumors in the literature. According ... The WHO now divides these growths into neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine cancers. Neuroendocrine ... of the body. Neuroendocrine cancers are abnormal growths of neuroendocrine cells which can spread to other parts of the body. blockquote Carcinoid tumors are those neuroendocrine tumors that look more benign, in distinction to the neuroendocrine cancers. Presentation They are most commonly found in the midgut ... in Neuroendocrine Tumors http www.enets.org European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society http www.netpatientfoundation.com ... more details
PBB geneid 6447 Neuroendocrine protein 7B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCG5 gene . ref name pmid8162254 cite journal author Lloyd RV, Jin L title Analysis of chromogranin secretogranin messenger RNAs in human pituitary adenomas journal Diagn Mol Pathol volume 3 issue 1 pages 38 45 year 1994 month May pmid 8162254 pmc doi 10.1097 00019606 199403010 00007 ref ref name pmid12646671 cite journal author Taupenot L, Harper KL, O Connor DT title The chromogranin secretogranin family journal N Engl J Med volume 348 issue 12 pages 1134 49 year 2003 month Mar pmid 12646671 pmc doi 10.1056 NEJMra021405 ref ref name pmid3134253 cite journal author Martens GJ title Cloning and sequence analysis of human pituitary cDNA encoding the novel polypeptide 7B2 journal FEBS Lett. volume 234 issue 1 pages 160 4 year 1988 month July pmid 3134253 doi 10.1016 0014 5793 88 81324 3 url ref The protein expressed by this gene is widely distributed in neuroendocrine tissues. It functions as a chaperone protein chaperone protein for the proprotein convertase 2 proprotein convertase PC2 and is required for the production of an active PC2 enzyme. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene SCG5 secretogranin V 7B2 protein url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 6447 accessdate ref ref name pmid11439082 cite journal author Mbikay M, Seidah NG, Chr tien M title Neuroendocrine secretory protein 7B2 structure, expression and functions journal Biochem. J. volume 357 issue Pt 2 pages 329 42 year 2001 month July pmid 11439082 pmc 1221959 url http www.biochemj.org ... Neuroendocrine secretory protein 7B2 structure, expression and functions. journal Biochem. J. volume ... mRNAs differing by one codon could be an intrinsic property of neuroendocrine protein 7B2 gene ... is a neuroendocrine chaperone that transiently interacts with prohormone convertase PC2 in the secretory ... of the gene encoding the neuroendocrine chaperone 7B2 journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 236 issue ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin pars terminalis GraySubject GrayPage Image Mantle cell lymphoma low mag.jpg Caption Micrograph of terminal ileum with mantle cell lymphoma . H&E stain . Image2 Mantle cell lymphoma low mag cyclin D1.jpg Caption2 Micrograph of terminal ileum with mantle cell lymphoma . Cyclin D1 immunostain . Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber The terminal ileum is the most distal part of the small intestine . It connects to the cecum , the pouch between the small and the large intestine, via the ileocecal valve . Pathology of the terminal ileum It is importance in medicine as it can be affected in a number of diseases, ref Cite journal last1 Cuvelier first1 C. last2 Demetter first2 P. last3 Mielants first3 H. last4 Veys first4 EM. last5 De Vos M first5 . title Interpretation of ileal biopsies morphological features in normal and diseased mucosa. journal Histopathology volume 38 issue 1 pages 1 12 month Jan year 2001 doi 10.1046 j.1365 2559.2001.01070.x PMID 11135039 ref including Crohn s disease Tuberculosis Lymphoma Neuroendocrine tumours carcinoid Additional images gallery File Ileum, cecum and ascending colon.JPG Ileum Image Illu small intestine.jpg Small intestine Image Gray1045.png The cecal fossa. The ileum and cecum are drawn backward and upward. gallery References reflist 1 Category Digestive system medicine stub Digestive tract ... more details
Blood Levels in Patients With Neuroendocrine Woltering, PM Mamikunian, S Zietz, SR Krutzik, VL Pancreas ... With Neuroendocrine Tumors ... Eugene A. Woltering, MD, Paris M. Mamikunian, Stanley Zietz, PhD ... Blood Levels in Patients With Neuroendocrine, Woltering, PM Mamikunian, S Zietz, SR Krutzik, VL Pancreas ... With Neuroendocrine Tumors ... Eugene A. Woltering, MD, Paris M. Mamikunian, Stanley Zietz ... more details
Cleanup date January 2008 Unreferenced date January 2008 The Diffuse Neuro Endocrine System DNES consists of cells from the central nervous system CNS , Peripheral nervous system PNS and nearly all organs with the common phenotype The ability to produce biological active Amine s or Peptide s which act like Neurotransmitter s NT , Hormone s or Paracrine regulator s. It regroups the old APUD system which stated that all these cells originated from the neural tube . The Neural Type These include Adrenal medulla Paraganglia The Epithelial type These include separate endocrine gland, or parts thereof Adenohypophysiss Islets of Langerhans parathyroid gland Pineal gland unicellular glands incorporated in other epithelial cells Gastrointestinal tract GI Tract Liver Merkel cells of the Skin Parafollicular cell of the Thyroid gland Mammary glands urogenital system male and female Respiratory system References http jhc.sagepub.com content 27 10 1398 Polak, J. M., Bloom, S. R. 1979 . The diffuse neuroendocrine system. Studies of this newly discovered controlling system in health and disease. DEFAULTSORT Diffuse Neuro Endocrine System Category Nervous system de Diffuses neuroendokrines System ru sk Neuroendokrinn bunka sl Difuzni nevroendokrini sistem ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Myxoid chondrosarcoma Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO 9231 3 OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Myxoid chondrosarcoma is a type of sarcoma . ref name pmid11737310 cite journal author Goh YW, Spagnolo DV, Platten M, et al. title Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma a light microscopic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and immuno ultrastructural study indicating neuroendocrine differentiation journal Histopathology volume 39 issue 5 pages 514 24 year 2001 month November pmid 11737310 doi 10.1046 j.1365 2559.2001.01277.x url http www3.interscience.wiley.com resolve openurl?genre article&sid nlm pubmed&issn 0309 0167&date 2001&volume 39&issue 5&spage 514 ref It has been associated with a t 9 22 q22 q12 Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 EWS CHN gene CHN gene fusion. ref name pmid9060841 cite journal author Brody RI, Ueda T, Hamelin A, et al. title Molecular analysis of the fusion of EWS to an orphan nuclear receptor gene in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma journal Am. J. Pathol. volume 150 issue 3 pages 1049 58 year 1997 month March pmid 9060841 pmc 1857890 doi url ref References reflist Osseous and chondromatous tumors Category Osseous and chondromatous neoplasia ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Strumal carcinoid intermed mag.jpg Caption Micrograph of a strumal carcinoid. H&E stain . DiseasesDB 33030 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 256937 MeshID D013330 The strumal carcinoid is a type of monodermal teratoma with histomorphology histomorphologic features of 1 the thyroid gland and 2 a neuroendocrine tumour carcinoid . ref name pmid18509188 Cite journal last1 Gorin first1 I. last2 Sastre Garau first2 X. title Strumal carcinoid tumor of the ovary. journal J Clin Oncol volume 26 issue 16 pages 2780 1 month Jun year 2008 doi 10.1200 JCO.2008.16.1620 PMID 18509188 ref ref Cite journal last1 Tamsen first1 A. last2 Mazur first2 MT. title Ovarian strumal carcinoid in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IIA. journal Arch Pathol Lab Med volume 116 issue 2 pages 200 3 month Feb year 1992 doi PMID 1346363 ref See also Struma ovarii Teratoma References Reflist 1 oncology stub Category Germ cell neoplasia ... more details
refimprove date December 2011 Infobox Person name Ernst Knobil image image size 140px caption Ernst Knobil birth date September 20, 1926 birth place Berlin , Germany death date April 13, 2000 death place other names known for neuroendocrine studies of puberty occupation endocrinologist nationality US Ernst Knobil September 20, 1926 April 13, 2000 was a scientist known for his studies of endocrinology . ref http edrv.endojournals.org content 22 6 721.full ref Knobil s research into hormonal regulation in primates led to his discovery of growth hormone s species specific effects. These discoveries led to the first treatment of Growth hormone deficiency . Knobil is also credited with discovering the key role of pulsatile Gonadotropin releasing hormone and estrogen feedback during the menstrual cycle . This work today forms the basis of reproductive endocrinology and infertility reproductive endocrinology and enabled development of the world s first hormonal contraceptive hormonal contraceptives . Early years and education Scientific discoveries References Reflist Bibliography Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Knobil, Ernst ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH September 20, 1926 PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin DATE OF DEATH April 13, 2000 PLACE OF DEATH scientist stub DEFAULTSORT Knobil, Ernst Category American endocrinologists Category 1926 births Category 2000 deaths Category People from Berlin de Ernst Knobil hu Ernst Knobil ... more details
tien M title Neuroendocrine secretory protein 7B2 structure, expression and functions. journal Biochem ..., and prohormone convertases 1 and 2, in human PTHrP producing cell lines and mammalian neuroendocrine ... of proPC2 in neuroendocrine cells and is required for the expression of enzymatic activity. journal ... more details
www.surgery.wisc.edu general patients endocrine gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.shtml Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Lubarsch ... more details
of the promoter region of a neuroendocrine tumor marker, IA 1. journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun ... 10.1038 414865a cite journal author Breslin MB, Zhu M, Notkins AL, Lan MS title Neuroendocrine differentiation ... more details
Nihongo Hashimoto is a Japanese surname and place name, meaning base of bridge , from Nihongo hashi meaning bridge and Nihongo moto meaning base . ref http surnames.behindthename.com php search.php?terms Japanese&title Japanese Names&usage yes ref Places Hashimoto, a place in the city of Sagamihara, Kanagawa , Japan Hashimoto, Wakayama Hashimoto , a city in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. People Hashimoto Gah 1835 1908 , Kan school painter Hakaru Hashimoto , the physician who first described Hashimoto s thyroiditis . Kazuo Hashimoto , late Japanese inventor of Caller ID and over 1000 patents for the telephone answering machine , including the ansafone . Kunihiko Hashimoto also Qunihico 1904 1949 , a Japanese musician . Mochitsura Hashimoto , Naval officer of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II . Miyuki Hashimoto , a Japanese singer Ryutaro Hashimoto 1937 2006 , 82nd and 83rd Prime Minister of Japan, leader of the Hashimoto faction Shintar Hashimoto , an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II . Shinya Hashimoto , late Japanese professional wrestler T ru Hashimoto , lawyer, commentator, and politician. Mayor of Osaka City and ex governor of Osaka Prefecture , president of the political party Osaka Restoration Association . Yasuko Hashimoto , Japanese long distance runner Hashimoto Mantaro Mantaro J. Hashimoto 1932 1987 Sinologist Other Hashimoto s thyroiditis , the most common form of thyroiditis Hashimoto s encephalopathy , a rare neuroendocrine disorder The Hashimoto Prize , A prestigious prize presented at New Jersey Institute of Technology to a top Electrical Engineering or Computer Engineering PhD candidate during its May commencement ceremony. ref http commencement.njit.edu 2010 components 2010 commencement program.pdf NJIT May 2010 Commencement Ceremony Guide ref References Reflist disambig Category Surnames Category Japanese language surnames de Hashimoto es Hashimoto fr Hashimoto ja pl Hashimoto pt Hashimoto desambigua ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 169170 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Patterson syndrome , also called pseudoleprechaunism , is an extremely rare syndrome, first mistaken as Donohue Syndrome also known as Leprechaunism . It is named for Dr. Joseph Hanan Patterson. ref name titleDr. Patterson, influential past president of AAP Georgia Chapter Samson 27 7 39 AAP News cite web url http aapnews.aappublications.org cgi content full 27 7 39 a title Dr. Patterson, influential past president of AAP Georgia Chapter Samson 27 7 39 AAP News accessdate 2008 03 24 format work ref It was described by Patterson and Watkins in 1962. ref name pmid14484402 cite journal author PATTERSON JH, WATKINS WL title Leprechaunism in a male infant journal J. Pediatr. volume 60 issue 5 pages 730 9 year 1962 pmid 14484402 doi 10.1016 S0022 3476 62 80100 0 ref The pathogenesis and etiology of the Patterson syndrome was unknown as of 1981. ref name pmid7277424 cite journal author David TJ, Webb BW, Gordon IR title The Patterson syndrome, leprechaunism, and pseudoleprechaunism journal J. Med. Genet. volume 18 issue 4 pages 294 8 year 1981 pmid 7277424 doi 10.1136 jmg.18.4.294 pmc 1048735 ref Characteristics Patterson syndrome is characterized by the patient s having an unusual facial look, similar to that caused by Leprechaunism. It primarily affects the connective tissue and the neuroendocrine system, giving rise to bronzed hyperpigmentation, cutis laxa of the hands and feet, bodily disproportion, severe mental retardation, and major bony deformities. Radiograph s reveal a characteristic generalised skeletal dysplasia . It comprises endocrine abnormality, hyperadrenocorticism , cushingoid features, and diabetes mellitus . One other case has shown premature adrenarche . References reflist disease stub Category Congenital disorders Category Genetic disorders with OMIM but no gene Category Rare diseases Category Syndromes fi Pattersonin oire ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Nofootnotes article date February 2008 Xenin is a peptide hormone produced by a subpopulation of chromogranin A positive endocrine cell biology cell s in the mucous membrane of the duodenum . The peptide has been found in humans , dogs , pigs , rats , and rabbits . In humans, xenin circulates in the blood plasma ref name Feurle92 Feurle GE, Hamscher G, Kusiek R, Meyer HE, Metzger JW.J. Biol. Chem.1992 267 22305 22309 ref . There is a relationship between peaks of xenin concentration in the plasma and the third phase of the Migrating Motor Complex . For example, infusion of synthetic xenin in fasting volunteers will cause phase III activity. After a meal the postprandial state , infusion of xenin increases both contraction frequency and the percentage of aboral ly propagated contractions. In higher concentrations xenin stimulates pancreas exocrine pancreatic secretion and inhibits the gastrin stimulated secretion of acid in dogs. Xenin is also produced in neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenal mucosa. In vitro , xenin interacts with the neurotensin receptor 1. Structure and sequence Xenin is a 25 amino acid polypeptide. The amino acid sequence of xenin is identical to the N terminal end of cytoplasmic coatomer subunit alpha ref name COPA HUMAN http www.expasy.org uniprot P53621 UniProtKB Swiss Prot entry P53621 COPA HUMAN ref , from which xenin can be cleaved by aspartic protease s. Xenin is structurally related to the amphibian peptide xenopsin and to the neuropeptide neurotensin . Proxenin Proxenin is the protein precursor precursor to xenin. It is a 35 amino acid polypeptide. Like xenin, its amino acid sequence exactly matches the N terminus of coatomer subunit alpha ref name COPA HUMAN . References references Feurle GE, Neurogastroenterol. Mot.2003 13 237 246 Feurle GE, Anlauf M, Hamscher G, Arnold R, Kl ppel G, Weihe B. Gastroenterology 2002 123 1616 1626 Feurle GE, Ikonomu S,Partoulas G, Stochus B, Hamscher G. Regulatory peptides 2003 1 ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 unreferenced August 2010 expert August 2010 Stress hormones such as cortisol and norepinephrine are released by the body in situations that are interpreted as being potentially dangerous. The hormone regulating system is known as the endocrine system . Cortisol is believed to affect the metabolism metabolic system and norepinephrine is believed By whom date June 2011 to play a role in ADHD as well as Depression mood depression and hypertension . Stress hormones act by mobilizing energy from storage to muscles, increasing heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate and shutting down metabolic processes such as digestion, reproduction, growth and immunity. Constant stress causes continual release of various stress hormones which can cause A depletion of energy storage High blood pressure Stress induced hypertension Effects on metabolic processes Ulcers digestion Hampered growth Decrease in testosterone levels in males and irregular menstrual cycles in females. Increased likelihood of infectious diseases. Stress hormones rise in the body during any neuroendocrine reaction such as surgery and they remain high as long as 72 hours, after which all these hormones return to their normal level, the last being cortisol. Currently there are medications available which block the release of stress hormones. Further reading http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc articles PMC3133795 pdf IJPEP2011 837596.pdf Prenatal Programming of Human Neurological Function, International Journal of Peptides courtesy of NIH , Curt A. Sandman, Elysia P. Davis, Claudia Buss and Laura M. Glynn, 2011 DEFAULTSORT Stress Hormone Category Human hormones Med stub de Stresshormone ... more details
Infobox disease Name Islet cell carcinoma Image A symptomatic patient with pheochromocytoma and islet cell tumor of the pancreas.gif Caption A symptomatic patient with pheochromocytoma and islet cell tumor of the pancreas. A small right pheochromocytoma with a necrotic center P is seen. In addition, an intensely enhancing mass is present in the neck of the pancreas I . Two small pancreatic cysts are also seen but the bulk of the pancreas is spared. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO ICDO 8150 3 OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D018273 Islet cell carcinoma or nesidioblastoma is an uncommon cancer of the endocrine pancreas . It accounts for approximately 1.3 of pancreatic cancer . ref name pmid17896148 cite journal author Yao JC, Eisner MP, Leary C, et al. title Population based study of islet cell carcinoma journal Ann. Surg. Oncol. volume 14 issue 12 pages 3492 500 year 2007 month Dec pmid 17896148 pmc 2077912 doi 10.1245 s10434 007 9566 6 ref The term nesidioblastoma dates to at least 1938. ref cite journal author Laidlaw GF title Nesidioblastoma, the islet tumor of the pancreas journal Am J Pathol. volume 14 issue 2 pages 125 34 year 1938 pmc 1964945 pmid 19970380 ref Survival Survival in islet cell carcinoma is highly dependent upon the degree of disease involvement surgical cure is possible if the tumor is resected completely. Review articles using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results SEER national database have shown a median survival of about a decade for localized disease, six years for regional confined to the region of the pancreas and two years for those with distant disease. ref http www.asco.org portal site ASCO menuitem.34d60f5624ba07fd506fe310ee37a01d ?vgnextoid 76f8201eb61a7010VgnVCM100000ed730ad1RCRD&vmview abst detail view&confID 47&abstractID 35623 American Society of Clinical Oncology. ref See also neuroendocrine tumor References reflist Digestive system neoplasia Endocrine gland neoplasia Category Rare cancers neoplasm stub a ... more details
image Digestive hormones.jpg right thumb 350px Actions of the major digestive hormones secreted by APUD cells APUD cells constitute a group of apparently unrelated endocrine cells, which were named by the scientist A.G.E. Pearse, who developed the APUD concept in the early 60 s. These cells share the common function of secreting a low molecular weight polypeptide hormone. There are several different types which secrete the hormones secretin , cholecystokinin and several others. The name is derived from an acronym , referring to the following ref cite journal author Welbourn RB title Current status of the apudomas journal Ann. Surg. volume 185 issue 1 pages 1 12 year 1977 month January pmid 12724 pmc 1396259 doi 10.1097 00000658 197701000 00001 ref ref cite journal author Pearse, A.G. title The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of polypeptide hormone producing cells of the APUD series and the embryologic, physiologic and pathologic implications of the concept journal J. Histochem. Cytochem. volume 17 issue 5 year 1969 pages 303 13 pmid 4143745 ref A mine for high amine content. P recursor U ptake for high uptake of amine precursors. D ecarboxylase for high content of the enzyme amino acid decarboxylase for conversion of precursors to amines . See also Apudoma Enteroendocrine cell Neuroendocrine cell References reflist External links GPnotebook 328531944 MeshName APUD Cells Gastrointestinal physiology Human cell types derived primarily from endoderm Category Endocrine cells cell biology stub de APUD es Sistema APUD fr APUD it Sistema APUD lt APUD pl APUD ... more details
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