File Spanning is a term used to describe the ability to package a single file or data stream into separate files of a specified size. It also implies the ability to re combine the package files back into the original file or data stream. This is useful when saving large files onto smaller volumes or breaking large files up into smaller files for network messages of limited size email, newsgroups . It also allows the creation of parity file s such as parity archive PAR to verify and restore missing or corrupted package files. Sometimes the file spanning process is hidden as a secondary operation such as with file archivers . In this case, many smaller files are first packaged into a data stream and then repackaged into a multi file archive. File Spanning Software Hundreds or thousands of file spanning utilities are available for nearly every OS and platform. Below are a few examples PKZip WinZip RAR WinRAR PAR Parchive Category Storage software ... more details
notability Products date February 2012 Sick Beard was created mainly for newsgroup users with limited support for Torrent file torrents . It s purpose is to watch newsgroups for television shows based on users preferences and download NZB files directly or sends them to a newsgroup client like SABnzbd . Sick Beard can perform certain functions such as sorting and renames files and has the ability to generate metadata using the TVDB database. References reflist After listing your sources please cite them using inline citations and place them after the information they cite. Please see http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia REFB for instructions on how to add citations. http sickbeard.com http code.google.com p sickbeard http www.howtogeek.com 72267 how to turn your computer into a supercharged tivo with sick beard Category Digital media Video recorder Category PVR clients ... more details
Tool MINUET Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups part of Mozilla Application Suite NeXTMail Novell GroupWise Netscape Mail & Newsgroups part of Netscape Communicator Netscape Messenger 9 Omni Mobile Outlook ... more details
nofootnotes date September 2009 Usenet II was a proposed alternative to the classic Usenet hierarchy, started in 1998 . Unlike the original Usenet, it was peered only between sound sites and employs a system of rules to keep out spam. The network still exists, but has carried almost no posts apart from FAQs for many years. The newsgroup hierarchy revived the old naming system used by Usenet before the Great Renaming . All groups had names starting net. , which serve to distinguish them from the Big 8 misc., sci., news., rec., soc., talk., comp., humanities. . A separate checkgroup system, using the same technical mechanism as the one produced by David C. Lawrence for the Big 8, enforced the Usenet II hierarchy and prevents the creation of unauthorized newsgroups within it. The basic principles of operation were controlled by a Steering Committee , which appointed hierarchy czars who were responsible for the content of specific portions of the namespace, or hierarchies. Usenet II had strictly enforced rules. Readers of messages in Usenet II must be fully compliant with the RFC 1036 Usenet standard plus some additional format compliance rules specific to Usenet II. A message header must contain a valid email address in the From field. It must have an Network News Transfer Protocol NNTP Posting Host header field containing a sound site. The distribution field must be set to 4gh a reference to Shockwave Rider by John Brunner novelist John Brunner . If the Subject field starts Re , indicating a follow up, there must be a valid References field containing the Message ID of a previous message. Crossposts to groups outside the net. hierarchy are cancelled automatically. No message may spawn a discussion in more than three newsgroups. This applies both to the newsgroups field and the followups to field. It is permissible to post the same message three times. Posting the same message every day or every week is not permitted. There are a number of Usenet II hosts still operati ... more details
newsgroups rec.music.bluenote and rec.music.reggae are two examples . Three The rec hierarchy is carried ... years, participation in this group was only a fraction compared to RMHH. The rec.music.funky newsgroups ... Hop Category Newsgroups ... more details
rh Beonex Communicator no 2000 2003 yes Navigator yes Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups Mail & Newsgroups ... yes Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups Mail & Newsgroups yes Mozilla Composer Composer yes no yes yes yes rh ... & Newsgroups Mail & Newsgroups yes Mozilla Composer Composer yes yes ChatZilla yes yes yes Extensions ... rh Netscape Communicator no 1997 2002 yes Navigator yes Netscape Mail & Newsgroups Mail & Newsgroups ... version 7 7 no 2000 2004 yes Navigator yes Netscape Mail & Newsgroups Mail & Newsgroups yes Netscape ... & Newsgroups Mail & Newsgroups ref yes ChatZilla yes yes yes AOL Instant Messenger AIM , AOL Radio ... yes 2005 Now yes Navigator yes Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups Mail & Newsgroups yes Mozilla Composer ... more details
of vandalising newsgroups, with malicious users committing acts of sporgery to make targeted newsgroups ... newsgroups. These rambling postings often appear as clusters of twenty or more messages with varying ..., who purge newsgroups of spam by sending cancels and filtering it out on the way into servers. This very ... more details
to be erased, or newsgroups to be added or removed were added. Image B News spool.png thumb 350px right ... newsgroups, with posters needing to manually mail in submissions to an intermediate party who ... B2.11 allowed moderated newsgroups to appear in any hierarchy, and it transparently mailed out ... more details
Verifiability date October 2009 A newsreader is an application software application program that reads articles on Usenet a distributed discussion system, which groups its content into a hierarchy of subject related Usenet newsgroup newsgroups , each of which contains multiple threads or discussions . Newsreaders act as clients which connect to a news server , via the Network News Transfer Protocol NNTP , to download articles and post new articles. In addition to text based articles, Usenet is increasingly used to distribute binary files, generally in dedicated binaries newsgroups. The term news reader is sometimes erroneously used interchangeably with news aggregator . Newsreaders that help users to adhere to the established conventions of Usenet, known as netiquette , are evaluated by the Good Netkeeping Seal of Approval GNKSA . There are several different types of newsreaders, depending on the type of service the user needs &mdash whether intended primarily for discussion or for downloading files posted to the alt.binaries hierarchy. Although Usenet originally started as a text based messaging system without any file attachment ability, many Usenet users today do not participate in Network News Transfer Protocol discussion groups, as was common during the 1980s and 1990s before the emergence of website forums, and only use Newsgroups for downloading files such as music, movies, software and games. Therefore, their needs call for a streamlined client for quickly grabbing binary attachments, and without the extraneous clutter of text reading and posting features for which file downloaders have little use. Citation needed date June 2011 As NZB files have largely replaced the inefficient and time consuming process of having to download headers, many of the more recently developed binary downloading clients have dropped header support entirely. Citation needed date June 2011 Types of clients The five general types are Traditional newsreaders Designed primarily for rea ... more details
Infobox software name Netscape logo Image Netscape7Logo.png 50px screenshot Image Netscape 7 En.PNG 250px caption Netscape 7.2 under Windows developer America Online AOL released ? frequently updated yes Release version update? Don t edit this page, just click on the version number programming language ? operating system Cross platform language ? genre Internet suite license website http archive.netscape.com archive.netscape.com Netscape 7 was a series of proprietary software proprietary cross platform Internet suite s created by Netscape Communications Corporation and then in house by America Online AOL to continue the Netscape series after Netscape 6 . There were three main editions released from the Netscape 7 series being Netscape 7.0, 7.1 and 7.2. In the last version, it consisted of the following major components a web browser an e mail client e mail and news client , Netscape Mail & Newsgroups an address book an HTML editor , Netscape Composer an IRC client an instant messaging client, AOL Instant Messenger AOL Radio Radio Netscape The suite was originally superseded by Netscape Browser , later Netscape Navigator 9 , and its Netscape Mail & Newsgroups Mail & Newsgroups client was succeeded by Netscape Messenger 9 in 2007. History and development Netscape 7.0 was released in 2002. It was based on a more stable and notably faster Mozilla Application Suite Mozilla 1.0 core and bundled with extras like integrated AOL Instant Messenger , integrated ICQ , AOL Radio Radio Netscape , and new features such as tabbed browsing http www.pcworld.com article id,100564 page,1 article.html . The market responded to what was essentially a repackaged version of Mozilla Application Suite swollen with integrated tools to access proprietary services owned by AOL by ignoring it. Competition from mature and competent non Microsoft alternatives such as the Opera web browser Opera browser and the regular Mozilla distribution was a major factor. A point release of version 7.1 based on ... more details
Internaut is a term for a designer, operator, or technically capable user of the Internet . ref http www.isoc.org internet history brief.shtml A Brief History of the Internet from the Internet Society ref Beginning with participants in the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF , it gradually expanded to members of the Internet Society ISoc and the larger community. An internaut is cyber slang for an online veteran who is familiar with the Internet as an entity, and with cyberspace in general. The word is a portmanteau of Internet and astronaut . Other terms roughly analogous with internaut are cybernaut and netizen , though each has its own connotation. The common thread among them, however, is an implication of experience and knowledge of the Internet or cyberspace that goes beyond the casual user. An internaut is online savvy, normally through years of online experience, with a thorough knowledge of how to use search engines and search strings, Internet resources, forums, newsgroups and chat rooms to find information. The more someone knows about the Internet, its history and politics, the more likely the term internaut fits them. The less he or she knows the more likely a different term would be more fitting. See also Internet Cyberspace Netizen References reflist Category Internet culture Internet stub ca Internauta de Cybernaut es Internauta fr Internaute hi it Internauta la Interretiarius ... more details
www.theregister.co.uk 2005 01 25 aol cutsoff newsgroups title AOL ditches newsgroups work The Register ... its high speed customers. ref name comcast cite web url http www.comcast.net newsgroups ?cookieattempt 1 title Newsgroups Discontinued publisher Comcast date October 25 2008 accessdate 2009 08 31 ... more details
of members of the newsgroups and related net.goth groups. It was conceived as an opportunity for those ... of several of the longest term participants in the alt.gothic newsgroups. The C b l is widely recognized ... more details
Gravity Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups discontinued, renamed to SeaMonkey Mozilla Thunderbird Pan newsreader Pan SABnzbd SeaMonkey SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups Spotnet Sylpheed XPN newsreader XPN Text based ... more details
Parity files are Computer file file s that are created to accompany data files, and are used to preserve data integrity and assist in data recovery . They are useful when data files are transmitted or stored on less than perfect media such as newsgroup messages, Satellite broadcasting satellite transmission , or optical disk . Parity files are constructed according to algorithms of error detection and correction . Overview First, one or more data files are analyzed and a group of parity files are built that record the structure of the files to be protected. Later, if any of the protected files are lost, the parity files can be used to re create the missing files. Even if one or more of the parity files are missing, the remainder of the set can still rebuild missing original files, if there is enough of the backup present. If too many files are missing, the parity files will not have enough base data to work with. Parity A parity bit parity is the difference within a set of binary code. the parity of 1 0 is 1, 0 0 is 0 and 0 1 is 1, therefore lost data can be rebuilt based on the parity of a set of code. Parity File Archiver Software Below are examples of file archivers that create parity files. A comprehensive list of archive software is also available. Parchive SmartPAR QuickPAR See also File spanning External links http www.slyck.com ng.php?page 6 Slyck s Guide to the Newsgroups PAR and PAR2 files Category Data management pl Dane naprawcze ... more details
Global Command and Control System GCCS is a collection of Service oriented architecture SOA systems and applications which was developed to replace the Worldwide Military Command and Control System . Three major versions exist to address the United States Department of Defense DoD and NATO service component operational requirements for battlespace management Maritime for US Navy & Marine Corps , Army for US Army and Air Force , and Joint for interoperability with NATO partners . Applications GCCS systems expose web services which are used by many applications supporting combat operations, intelligence analysis and production, targeting, ground weapons and radar analysis, as well as terrain and weather analysis. Some next generation applications designed for GCCS may support collaboration using chat systems, newsgroups and email. Connectivity GCCS may use NIPRNet , SIPRNet , JWICS , or other Internet Protocol IP based networks for connectivity. In some installations, GCCS aggregates over 94 different sources of data. ref cite web url http www.govexec.com features 0606 01 0606 01s3.htm title Netcentric In a Snap accessdate 2008 07 06 ref Variants Army Maritime Navy , Marine Corps , Coast Guard United States Joint Forces Command Joint Forces See also Worldwide Military Command and Control System References reflist Category Military communications Category Military equipment of the United States Category Command and control US mil stub Compu network stub ja GCCS ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Cleanup date January 2008 Sublink Network was a non profit association founded in Italy in 1989 to allow cost sharing access to the Internet . The association for a few years had a UUCP dialup link to Rutgers university , but later obtained free support from Olivetti who provided Internet mail and newsgroups now named groups by google feed. At its peak in 1991 1995 Sublink Network counted around one hundred nodes distributed across the Italian territory. Sublink Network had its own sublink. newsgroup hierarchy and a cross link with the Italian branch of FidoNet . Sublink Network was registered with the sublink.org domain this domain now belongs to a different organization not related to the original Sublink Network . Sublink was the very first public non academic internet email and newsgroup network in Italy, with very low access fees around 100 a year , fast backbone modems running at 19200 Bit rate bps the average modem was 2400 bps at that time , and fully registered to the NIC. Its founders on September 25, 1989 were Paolo Ventafridda president , Paolo Pennisi, Marco Sacchi, Carlo Vellano, Davide Yachaya and Mauro Mozzarelli. The association was based in Milan, ITALY. When after 1997, low cost Point to Point Protocol PPP commercial access to the Internet started to become available, interest for UUCP cost share Internet feeds started to decline and the association was naturally dissolved. Category Internet access Category Organisations based in Italy ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2009 Notability date January 2010 Infobox software name NewsLeecher logo screenshot caption author developer developer Crystal Art Software released 1.0 Final 24 September 2004 latest release version 4.0 Final latest release date 30 November 2010 latest preview version latest preview date programming language operating system Microsoft Windows Windows platform language status Active genre News client license Proprietary software Proprietary , Shareware website http www.newsleecher.com www.newsleecher.com NewsLeecher is a binary Usenet client for the Microsoft Windows operating system . Uses Although NewsLeecher is generally considered a List of Usenet newsreaders Types of clients Combination client used to read and download binary and text content from usenet newsgroups , it currently has very limited posting capabilities, and does not support the posting of binary articles. Features Binary file Binary and text article downloads text posting only Parchive PAR2 support automatic or manual Download manager scheduler Multiple simultaneous connections with multi server and SSL support NZB file support Automatic Rar RAR file extraction and split archive file joining functionality Server search function optional at extra cost See also List of Usenet newsreaders Comparison of Usenet newsreaders External links http newsleecher.com Newsleecher.com Category Usenet clients network software stub nl Newsleecher ... more details
The articles that users post to Usenet are organized into topical categories called newsgroups, which ... newsgroups, the majority of the articles are responses to some other article. The set of articles which .... Many sites carry a restricted newsfeed, with a limited number of newsgroups. Commonly omitted from such a newsfeed are foreign language newsgroups and the tt alt. hierarchy alt.binaries tt hierarchy ... news systems are implemented. Newsreader clients Newsgroups are typically accessed with special ... Groups ref Moderated and unmoderated newsgroups A minority of newsgroups are moderated, meaning ... any such rules or guidelines. ref cite web url http www.big 8.org wiki Moderated Newsgroups .... ref cite web url http www.big 8.org wiki Moderated Newsgroups How does a group change moderators.3F ... date October 25, 1990 accessdate December 14, 2010 ref Now, moderated newsgroups may appear in any hierarchy. Usenet newsgroups in the Big 8 Usenet Big 8 hierarchy are created by proposals called a Request ... newsgroups form the majority of Usenet newsgroups, and messages submitted by readers for unmoderated newsgroups are immediately propagated for everyone to see. Minimal editorial content filtering ... in relatively short order anyway. Creation of moderated newsgroups often becomes a hot subject of controversy ... of Usenet. The major set of worldwide newsgroups is contained within nine hierarchies, eight ... in alt.binaries. , making it the largest of all the hierarchies. Many other hierarchies of newsgroups ... over forums now. ref http www.microsoft.com communities newsgroups default.mspx Microsoft Responds ... 56.html Microsoft hitting unsubscribe on newsgroups , CNET, May 4, 2010. ref Some users prefer to use ... newsgroups. These steps must be done again in reverse to download data from usenet. Usenet was originally ... to specific newsgroups, making it easier for administrators to allow or disallow the traffic. The oldest ... even before the last part of the flood has been posted. Binary newsgroups are only able ... more details
Ruth Harriet Louise born Ruth Goldstein January 13, 1903 1940 was an USA American professional photographer, the first woman photographer active in Hollywood she ran Metro Goldwyn Mayer s portrait studio from 1925 to 1930. Career When Louise was hired by M.G.M. as chief portrait photographer in the summer of 1925, she was twenty two years old, and the only woman working as a portrait photographer for the Hollywood studios. In a career that lasted only five years, Louise photographed all the stars, contract players, and many of the hopefuls who passed through the studio s front gates, including Greta Garbo , Lon Chaney, Sr. Lon Chaney , John Gilbert actor John Gilbert , Joan Crawford , Marion Davies , and Norma Shearer . It is estimated that she took more than 100,000 photos during her tenure at MGM. Today she is considered an equal with George Hurrell Sr. and other renowned glamour photographers of the era. Family Ruth Harriet Louise was born in New York City and reared in New Brunswick, New Jersey. She was the daughter of a rabbi. Retired from MGM in 1930, to marry director Leigh Jason , Louise died in 1940 of complications from childbirth. Her brother was director Mark Sandrich , who directed some of the great Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers musicals, and she was a cousin of silent film actress Carmel Myers . References Dance, R. Robertson, B. Ruth Harriet Louise and Hollywood Glamour Photography , Univ. of California Press 2002 ISBN 0 520 23347 6. External links http www.ruthharrietlouise.com The Ruth Harriet Louise Collection BR BR http www.flickr.com photos alicejapan sets 72157622420603378 Ruth Harriet Louise on Flickr. http www.beepworld.de members12 garbofan2 garbo louise.htm Greta Garbo and Louise When they met... http www.visipix.com newsgroups newsgroups gr result.php?ng clip arts&lang en&searchmethod fulltext&keywords louise ruth harriet&group 0&realmethod &image.x 23&image.y 15&start jump Greta Garbo photographs by Ruth Harriet Louise. Persondata Metadata ... more details
suicide websites. Unlike websites, Usenet newsgroups are not regulated by any central authority ... Google groups solely provide access to newsgroups like a.s.h, and are not affiliated with it in any .... Primary reasons are asynchronous nature of discussion in newsgroups giving enough time for thoughtful ... is another advantage of newsgroups like a.s.h, allowing people to openly talk about their feelings ... , a film about suicide newsgroups inspired by a.s.h http www.imdb.com title tt0337567 A.s.h World ... more details
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