Infobox language family name Nguni region South Africa , Swaziland , Zimbabwe familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Southern Bantoid languages Southern Bantoid fam6 Bantu languages Bantu fam7 Southern Bantu child1 Zunda languages Zunda child2 Tekela languages Tekela The Ngunilanguages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in southern Africa by the Nguni people . Ngunilanguages include Xhosa ... language speakers of Ngunilanguages. clear columns col1 legend ffffcc < 1 km legend ffeda0 1 3 km ... Bantu languages Southern Bantu , the label Nguni is used both genetically in the linguistic ... imply . The Ngunilanguages are closely related, and in many instances different languages are mutually intelligible in this way, Ngunilanguages might better be construed as a dialect continuum ... languages Zunda Nguni and Tekela languages Tekela Nguni . sfn Doke 1954 sfn Ownby 1985 This division ... a relatively straightforward division into these two substreams of Nguni. Zunda languages Zulu ... NOTE Phuthi kg IPA IPA x . Proto Nguni Proto Nguni is the reconstructed ancestor of the Ngunilanguages ... separated from all other Ngunilanguages subsequent to the massive political and social upheaval within ... by South African homosexuals who speak Germanic languages . IsiNgqumo is based on a Nguni lexicon ... show family.asp?subid 92325 Languages of South Africa DEFAULTSORT NguniLanguages Category Ngunilanguages Category Languages of South Africa af Nguni taalfamilie es Lenguas nguni fr Langues nguni zu IsiNguni it Lingue nguni nl Ngunitalen pl J zyki nguni pt L nguas ng ni simple Ngunilanguages ss ... Ndebele language Northern Ndebele . The appellation Nguni derives from the Nguni cattle type. Ngoni see below is an older, or a shifted, variant. It is sometimes argued that use of Nguni as a generic ... of the Bantu languages is relatively stable. Language classification double image right South ... more details
Nguni may refer to NgunilanguagesNguni cattle Nguni people disambig Excess long comment to prevent listing on Special Shortpages ............................................................ af Nguni ru sv Nguni ... more details
Nguni people speak Ngunilanguages . History The ancient history of the Nguni people is wrapped up in their oral history. According to legend they were a people who migrated from the north to the African Great Lakes Great Lakes region of sub equatorial Central East Africa. ref http alfred.med.yale.edu alfred recordinfo.asp?condition populations.pop uid 27PO000108J ref They migrated southwards over many centuries, with large herds of Nguni cattle , probably entering what is now South Africa around 2,000 years ago in sporadic settlement, followed by larger waves of migration around 1400 AD. Nguni ... en group n formatnum 2044000 Malawi colspan 4 Total Ngunilanguages formatnum 26801000 Notes references group n Ngoni people who are nguni by ethinicity, are found in Malawi under paramount chief ... regiments, where men from different villages bonded with each other. The Nguni tribes kept similar ... , the Nguni peoples spread across a large part of southern Africa, absorbing, conquering or displacing many other peoples. Social organisation Within the Nguni nations, the clan based on male ancestry ... he could hold his clan together. From about 1800 , the rise of the Zulu clan of the Nguni and the consequent ... was formed in the early nineteenth century by different Nguni groups allying with the Dlamini ... who speak an Nguni language called Swati language Swati and are loyal to the king of Swaziland, who is also the head of the Dlamini clan. Dlamini is a very common clan name among all documented Ngunilanguages including Swati and Phuthi . Religion Ngunis may be Christianity Christians whether Roman ... The following peoples are Nguni class wikitable sortable width 100 People Language Population Distribution ... and Zambia , they speak a mixture of languages of the people they conquered such as Chewa language ... language Zulu . Citation needed date September 2010 References references DEFAULTSORT Nguni People Category Bantu Africa ethno group stub de Nguni pl Nguni ru fi ngunit ... more details
Image Nguni cattle.jpg right 300px thumb Nguni Cow Herd Makatini ecotype The Nguni list of cattle breeds cattle breed is indigenous to southern Africa . A hybrid of indigenous and Indian cattle they were introduced by the Bantu tribes of southern Africa from the north of the continent. They are medium sized, adapted to grazing on the Highveld . Characteristics Nguni cattle are known for their fertility and resistance to diseases, ref http www.idc.co.za NGUNI 20project.asp The Nguni Cattle Project ref being the favourite breed amongst the indigenous Bantu people of Southern Africa South Africa , Swaziland , Namibia , Zimbabwe , Botswana and Angola . They are characterised by their multicoloured skin, which can present many different patterns, but their noses are always black tipped. They are a principal form of Sanga cattle , which originated as hybrids of Zebu and humpless cattle in East Africa. Protein analyses have shown that they are a combination of Zebu Bos indicus and Bos taurus , the European and indigenous African species. ref http www.embryoplus.com cattle nguni.html Nguni Cattle at Embryoplus ref They are characterized by low cervico thoracic humps, in front of the front legs, instead of the high thoracic humps of pure Zebu. Besides the various colour patterns, these animals ... by a South African herd master. This work inspired the Nguni Cattle Register , a compilation of terms to describe in full a Nguni cow or bull. The cattle are medium sized, with bulls weighing between 500 kg and 600 kg, ref http www.nguni.info nguni facts.htm Nguni Facts at www.nguni.info ref while cows weigh between 300 kg and 400 kg. Origins The ancestors of Nguni ... control of the Nguni herds on his dominions. Shaka also bred the Ngunis according to colour ... . References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Nguni Cattle Category Cattle breeds Category Cattle breeds originating in South Africa fr Nguni race bovine sv Nguni boskap ... more details
Sylvester Nguni is the Zimbabwe an Minister of state Minor government ranks Minister of State Minister of State in the Vice President s Office Zimbabwe in the office of Vice President Joyce Mujuru . ref name 5state cite news title Mugabe swears in 19 deputy ministers, 5 Ministers of State date 20 Feb 2009 publisher NewZimbabwe.com url http www.newzimbabwe.com pages minister23.19417.html accessdate 2009 02 20 ref He is the Member of parliament Member of House of Assembly of Zimbabwe House of Assembly for Mhondoro Mubaira ZANU PF . References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Nguni, Sylvester ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Nguni, Sylvester Category Government of Zimbabwe Category Members of the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe Category Living people Zimbabwe politician stub ... more details
One source date February 2010 Infobox martial art image imagecaption name Nguni Stick Fighting aka Zulu Stick Fighting focus Weapon ry country South Africa olympic No creator Various parenthood famous pract Shaka Shaka Zulu Nguni stick fighting also known as donga , or dlala nduku , which literally translates as playing sticks is a martial arts martial art traditionally practiced by teenage Nguni people Nguni herdboys in South Africa . Each combatant is armed with two long sticks, one of which is used for defense and the other for offense. Little armor is used. Although Nguni Xhosa styles of fighting may use only two sticks, variations of Bantu Nguni stick fighting throughout Southern Africa incorporate shields as part of the stick fighting weaponry. Zulu stick fighting uses an Isiquili or attacking stick, an Uboko or defending stick and an izoliHauw or defending shield. The object is for two opposing warriors to fight each other to establish which of them is the strongest or the Bull Inkunzi . In modern times this usually occurs as part of the wedding ceremony where warriors from the bridegroom s household and area welcome warriors from the bride s household and area to meet to get to know each other , other groups of warriors may also be welcome to join in. Warriors do this by engaging in combat with one another. An induna or War Captain Referee from each group of warriors keeps his crew in check and keeps order between fighters. This tradition is one which arguably developed in societies, cultures and civilisations that used herding as part of their systems of survival, where there are cows, there are stick fighters. The old regimental structures of the great uShaka KaSenzangakhona ..., descendant of the kings of old. Nelson Mandela practiced Nguni stick fighting as a child, Citation ... Nguni Stick Fighting Category Stick fighting Category African martial arts martialart stub da Nguni stokkekamp fr Lutte Nguni ja ... more details
Phuthi , a NgunilanguagesNguni language closely related to Swazi language Swazi , an official language ...Languages of country Lesotho image image size caption official Sotho language Sotho and English language English minority Zulu language Zulu , Phuthi language Phuthi , Xhosa language Xhosa immigrant Afrikaans foreign sign keyboard keyboard image source http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name lesotho Ethnologue The landlocked country landlocked southern Africa n country of Lesotho , an enclave in South Africa , is home to several languages , including English language English , Phuthi language ..., belong to the Niger Congo languages Niger Congo language family . ref name Encyclop dia Britannica ... EBchecked topic 337126 Lesotho accessdate 3 October 2010 year 2010 ref National and official languages ... 3 October 2010 ref Sotho language Sotho Sesotho or Southern Sotho , a Southern Bantu languages ... and Official Languages Bill, ratified by the National Assembly of Lesotho on 12 September ... Electoral Knowledge Network format PDF accessdate 6 October 2010 ref quote text The official languages ... by reason only that it is expressed or conducted in one of those languages. source The Constitution ... name Baker & Prys Jones 1998 361 Minority and immigrant languages A minority of Basotho, estimated to number 248,000 as of 1993 lc on , speak Zulu language Zulu , one of the eleven official languages ... 16th ed Lesotho Xhosa language Xhosa , another Nguni language and official language of South Africa ... See also Languages of South Africa Languages of Swaziland Notes Footnotes reflist group note Citations ... title Dictionary of Languages The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages year 2004 origyear ... Windhoek cite book editor last Lewis editor first M. Paul title Ethnologue Ethnologue Languages of the World ... is intentional, for improved appearance. Please do not remove. Thank you. Languages of Lesotho Lesotho topics Africa topic Languages of Category Languages of Lesotho bn fr Langues du Lesotho ... more details
For American languages see Indigenous languages of the Americas Languages of North America Languages of South America Languages of the United States disambig ... more details
Siberian languages may refer to any languages spoken in Siberia, including the Eskimo Aleut languages spoken in Siberia the Mongolic languages spoken in Siberia the Paleosiberian languages the Siberian Turkic languages the Russian dialects spoken in Siberia the Tungusic languages spoken in Siberia the Uralic languages spoken in Siberia disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Many languages are indigenous to Oceania they belong to several families. The Austronesian languages Austronesian family is the most common, found throughout many Pacific Islands, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Australia is home to many diverse families of Languages of Australia indigenous languages Pama Nyungan languages Gunwinyguan languages Macro Pama Nyungan languages Southwest Pama Nyungan languages Bunaban languages 2 languages in two branches Daly languages 11 19 languages in four branches, including Murrinh Patha language Murrinh Patha Limilngan languages 2 languages, extinct? Djeragan languages 3 5 languages in two branches Nyulnyulan languages 4 8 languages in one branch Wororan languages 7 12 languages in three branches Indo Pacific languages Andaman languagesLanguages of Papua New Guinea Tasmanian languages Also, the languages of European settlers and colonial powers are common in the region, such as English in Australia and New Zealand , Spanish language Spanish in Easter Island , and French in New Caledonia , etc. There are also creole language creoles formed from the interaction of the European and indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin , Hawaiian Pidgin , Norfuk and Pitkern . See also List of extinct languages of Oceania Navboxes list Languages of Oceania Countries and languages lists DEFAULTSORT Languages Of Oceania Category Languages of Oceania Au lang stub bn ru ... more details
Infobox language family name Awan region Colombia and Ecuador familycolor American fam1 Barbacoan languages Barbacoan sil 904 16 The Awan languages are Barbacoan languages that include the Awa Pit language and the Pasto languages spoken in Ecuador and Colombia . Pasto is extinct. DEFAULTSORT Awan Languages Category Awan languages Category Languages of Ecuador Category Barbacoan languages Category Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas Na lang stub es Lenguas ahuanas mk ... more details
Infobox language family name Bel region Northern New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz child1 Astrolabe languages child2 Nuclear Bel languages sil 2324 16 The eight Bel languages form a group of Austronesian languages of northern Papua New Guinea . Components Astrolabe languages Nuclear Bel languages DEFAULTSORT Bel Languages Category Western Oceanic languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Au lang stub ... more details
The languages of the Bomberai Peninsula of Indonesian New Guinea fall into several groups West Bomberai languages Papuan, west and south Irarutu language Austronesian, most of the interior North Bomberai languages Austronesian, off the coast Bedoanas Erokwanas languages minor Austronesian languages labeled Bomberai in Ethnologue dab ... more details
Infobox language family name Astrolabe region Madang Province , Papua New Guinea familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Western Oceanic languages Western Oceanic fam5 North New Guinea languages North New Guinea ? fam6 Ngero Vitiaz languages Ngero Vitiaz fam7 Bel languages Bel sil 2325 16 The three Astrolabe languages form a small group of Austronesian languages of Madang Province , Papua New Guinea Awad Bing language Awad Bing , Mindiri language Mindiri , Wab language Wab DEFAULTSORT Astrolabe Languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Western Oceanic languages Au lang stub hr Astrolabski jezici ... more details
Infobox language family name Kowan familycolor Papuan region Madang Province fam1 Trans New Guinea fam2 Madang languages Madang fam3 Southern Adelbert Range Kowan sil 2440 16 The Kowan languages are a small family of languages spoken in the Adelbert Range area of Madang Province , Papua New Guinea . The languages are Waskia language Waskia , with 20,000 speakers, and Korak language Korak , with 500. DEFAULTSORT Kowan Languages Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Kowan languages pa lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Mahakam altname Barito Mahakam region south Borneo , Madagascar familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Barito languages Barito The Mahakam or Barito Mahakam languages are a couple closely related Dayak languages Dayak Austronesian languages Austronesian languages of Borneo Ampanang language Ampanang , Tunjung language Tunjung Category Barito languages au lang stub fr Langues barito mahakam hr Mahakam jezici it Lingue barito mahakam mk ... more details
Infobox language family name Banggi region Sabah familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Bornean languages Bornean ? fam4 Sabahan languages Sabahan The Banggi languages also Bangay are a pair of languages, Bonggi language Bonggi and Molbog language Molbog , spoken in Sabah on Borneo , on Palawan in the Philippines, and on the islands in between. External links Ethnologue bdg Category Sabahan languages Category Languages of the Philippines Category Article Feedback 5 au lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Bekati altname region Borneo ethnicity Bidayuh familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Indo Melanesian languages Indo Melanesian fam4 Bornean languages Bornean ? fam5 Land Dayak languages Land Dayak Bekati is a group of Bidayuh Dayak languages of Borneo Bekati language Bekati Bekatiq , Sara language Indonesia Sara , Lara language Lara Rara Category Land Dayak languages Category Languages of Indonesia au lang stub ... more details
Infobox language family name Sabahan altname region Sabah , Borneo familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Indo Melanesian languages Indo Melanesian fam4 Bornean languages Bornean ? The Sabahan languages are a group of Austronesian languages centered on the Bornean province of Sabah . Languages The constituents from Blust 1991 mentioned explicitly in Adelaar & Himmelmann 2005 are, Banggi languages Banggi 2 Dusunic languages Dusunic 15 Paitanic languages Paitanic 4 Ida an language Ida an Murutic languages Murutic 7 Tidong languages Tidong 5 A 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database fully supported the unity of Murutic languages Murutic and Ida an language Ida an . However, the other branches were not considered. References K. Alexander Adelaar and Nikolaus Himmelmann, The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar. Routledge, 2005. http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database Category Sabahan languages au lang stub fr Langues sabahanes mk ... more details
merge A posteriori languages date April 2011 This is the article about constructed languages. For other uses of the term a priori, see a priori . An a priori language is any constructed language whose vocabulary is not based on existing languages, unlike a posteriori languages a posteriori constructed languages. Examples of a priori languages include Ro language Ro , Solresol , Mirad , Klingon language Klingon , and Na vi language Na vi . By contrast, a posteriori languages are ones whose vocabulary is based on existing languages, either as a variation of one language e.g., Latino sine flexione or as a mixture of various languages. Some a priori languages are designed to be international auxiliary language s that remove what could be considered an unfair learning advantage for native speakers of a source language that would otherwise exist for a posteriori languages. Some a priori languages try to categorize their vocabulary, either to express an underlying philosophy or to make it easier to recognize new vocabulary. These are also known as philosophical language philosophical or taxonomic languages . References Alan Libert, A Priori Artificial LanguagesLanguages of the World 24. Munich Lincom Europa, 2000 . ISBN 3895866679. Constructed languages Category Constructed languages A priori Languages conlang stub eo Apriora lingvo hu A priori nyelvek ja pl J zyki aprioryczne pt L ngua artificial a priori ru simple A priori languages ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In linguistics, Melanesian is an obsolete term referring to the Austronesian languages of Melanesia that is, the Oceanic languages Oceanic , Eastern Malayo Polynesian , or Central Eastern Malayo Polynesian languages depending on conception clarify date May 2012 apart from Polynesian languages Polynesian and Micronesian languages Micronesian though Fijian languages Fijian was typically included . The Papuan languages were also recognized as distinct. A typical classification of the Austronesian languages ca. 1970 would divide them into something like the following branches Formosan languages Northern AN Hesperonesian languages Western AN Melanesian languages Central Eastern AN Micronesian languages Polynesian languages It is now known that the Melanesian languages do not form a genealogical node they are at best paraphyletic , and very likely polyphyletic . Although the term was at least in the beginning partially racial rather than linguistic, the Melanesian languages arguably refnec share the property of being Austronesian languages that have been most heavily restructured under the influence of various Papuan language families. date May 2012 DEFAULTSORT Melanesian Languages Category Languages lt Melanezie i kalbos pl J zyki melanezyjskie ru ... more details
Infobox language family name Popolocan region Oaxaca , Mexico familycolor American fam1 Oto Manguean languages Oto Manguean fam2 Eastern Oto Mangue fam3 Popolocan Zapotecan child1 Chochotec Chocho Popoloca languages Popoloca child2 Ixcatec language Ixcatec a single language child3 Mazatecan languages Mazatecan sil 1874 16 The Popolocan languages are a subfamily of the Oto Manguean languages Oto Manguean language family of Mexico , spoken mainly in the state of Puebla . The Popolocan languages should not be confused with the languages called Popoluca spoken in the state of Veracruz , which belong to the unrelated Mixe Zoquean languages Mixe Zoquean language family. The term comes from the Nahuatl language and means to speak unintelligibly, which is why Nahuatl speakers called several different unrelated languages Popol ca . The Nahuatl term was later adopted by the Spanish. The convention now is that the Oto Manguean languages are referred to as Popoloca and the Mixe Zoquean languages are referred to as Popoluca , although the latter term is falling into disuse. The Popolocan languages are subdivided into the Chocho Popolocan languages, including the Chocho language and seven distinct varieties of Popoloca languages Popoloca . the Ixcatec language the Mazatecan languages including a number of related languages called Mazatec External links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 1874 16 Ethnologue report for Popolocan Category Popolocan languages Category Endangered Oto Manguean languages Na lang stub br Yezho popolokanek fr Langues popolocas ... more details
Infobox language family name Tongic region Tonga and Niue familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Pacific languages Central Pacific fam5 Polynesian languages Polynesian child1 Tongan language Tongan child2 Niuean language Niuean The family of Tongic languages is a small group of the Polynesian languages . It consists of at least two languages, Tongan language Tongan and Niuean language Niuean , and possibly a third, Niuafo ou language Niuafo ouan . See also Tonga Niue External links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 159 Ethnologue family tree for Tongic Category Tongic languages Category Polynesian languages Category Languages of Tonga au lang stub fi Tongalaiset kielet th ... more details
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