italictitle Taxobox name Hyposmocoma ekemamao regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Cosmopterigidae genus Hyposmocoma species H. ekemamao binomial Hyposmocoma ekemamao binomial authority Schmitz and Rubinoff, 2009 synonyms Hyposmocoma laysanensis is a species of moth of the Cosmopterigidae family. It is endemic to Laysan . The type locality is Guano Rock. The wingspan is 10 10.5 mm. The larval case is purse shaped and is 4.1 7.0 mm in length. It is smooth and cylindrical, bulged and flat in the middle, with growth lines starting at the middle, extending laterally toward two entrances. The background color is shiny dark brown. Adults were reared from case making larvae. Larvae were collected on the ground away from shoreline. External links http www.mapress.com zootaxa 2009 f zt02272p053.pdf New species of Hyposmocoma Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae from the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands of Laysan, Necker, and Nihoa Category Hyposmocoma Category Endemic moths of Hawaii Hyposmocoma stub ru Hyposmocoma ekemamao uk Hyposmocoma ekemamao vi Hyposmocoma ekemamao ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Hyposmocoma opuumaloo regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Cosmopterigidae genus Hyposmocoma species H. opuumaloo binomial Hyposmocoma opuumaloo binomial authority Schmitz and Rubinoff, 2009 synonyms Hyposmocoma opuumaloo is a species of moth of the Cosmopterigidae family. It is endemic to Necker Island . The type locality is Flagpole Hill. The wingspan is 8.9 9.1 mm. The larval case is cone shaped and 6.7 7.1 mm in length. It is small and thin and decorated with bits of sand woven with silk filaments. The operculum is decorated with small pebbles. The case background color ranges from gray to brown. Adults were reared from case making larvae. Larvae were collected on the ground. External links http www.mapress.com zootaxa 2009 f zt02272p053.pdf New species of Hyposmocoma Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae from the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands of Laysan, Necker, and Nihoa Category Hyposmocoma Category Endemic moths of Hawaii Hyposmocoma stub ru Hyposmocoma opuumaloo uk Hyposmocoma opuumaloo vi Hyposmocoma opuumaloo ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Hyposmocoma mokumana regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Cosmopterigidae genus Hyposmocoma species H. mokumana binomial Hyposmocoma mokumana binomial authority Schmitz and Rubinoff, 2009 synonyms Hyposmocoma mokumana is a species of moth of the Cosmopterigidae family. It is endemic to Necker Island Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Necker Island . The type locality is Annexation Hill. The wingspan is 11.4 14.3 mm. The larval case is purse shaped and 7.4 8.9 mm in length. It is smooth and cylindrical, bulged and flat medially, with growth lines starting at middle and extending toward two entrances situated laterally. The background color is brown. Adults were reared from case making larvae. Cases were collected in Sesbania litter. External links http www.mapress.com zootaxa 2009 f zt02272p053.pdf New species of Hyposmocoma Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae from the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands of Laysan, Necker, and Nihoa Category Hyposmocoma Category Endemic moths of Hawaii Hyposmocoma stub ru Hyposmocoma mokumana uk Hyposmocoma mokumana vi Hyposmocoma mokumana ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Crocidosema leprarum image image width 250px image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera zoodivision Ditrysia zoosectio Cossina familia Tortricidae tribus genus Crocidosema species C. leprarum binomial Crocidosema leprarum binomial authority Walsingham in Sharp, 1907 Verify source date October 2011 Walsingham, 1907 ? synonyms Gypsonoma leprarum small Walsingham, 1907 Verify source date October 2011 Walsingham in Sharp, 1907 ? small Crocidosema leprara Crocidosema leprarum is a moth of the Tortricidae family. It is endemic to Oahu , Molokai , Nihoa , Necker Island , French Frigate Shoals and Laysan . The larvae probably feed on Abutilon and Sida species. External links https scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu handle 10125 7338 Insects of Hawaii. Volume 9, Microlepidoptera Category Eucosmini Category Endemic moths of Hawaii Olethreutinae stub vi Crocidosema leprarum ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Philodoria marginestrigata image image width 250px image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera infraordo Heteroneura familia Gracillariidae genus Philodoria species P. marginestrigata binomial Philodoria marginestrigata binomial authority Walsingham, 1907 synonyms Gracilaria marginestrigata small Walsingham, 1907 small Parectopa marginestrigata The Ilima Leaf Miner Philodoria marginestrigata is a moth of the Gracillariidae family. It is endemic to Nihoa , Kauai , Oahu , Molokai and Hawaii island Hawaii . The larvae feed on Dubautia species, Xanthium echinatum , Xanthium strumarium , Abutilon species including Abutilon grandifolium , Abutilon incanum and Abutilon molle , Sida species Sida cordifolia , Sida fallax , Sida meyeniana and Sida rhombifolia and Datura species. They leaf miner mine the leaves of their host plant. There may be as many as twelve mines in a single leaf, and the cocoon is made within the mine. External links https scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu handle 10125 7338 Insects of Hawaii. Volume 9, Microlepidoptera Category Philodoria Category Endemic moths of Hawaii Gracillariinae stub vi Philodoria marginestrigata ... more details
settlements on Nihoa and Necker Island Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Necker Island . First ... Islands Necker , Nihoa , and the French Frigate Shoals . An attempt was also made to visit Ka ula Kaula . Tanager arrived at Nihoa on June 10 and dropped off scientists for a ten day visit and moved ... communication between the two islands. ref Evenhuis & Eldredge 2004, p.47 ref On Nihoa, botanist ... the Nihoa Millerbird and named it Acrocephalus familiaris kingi , in honor of Captain Samuel Wilder King . ref Rauzon 2001, p.18 ref Evidence of an ancient settlement on Nihoa was discovered, along ... surveyor Orme Cheatham Fifth expedition The fifth expedition visited Nihoa and Necker Island Northwestern .... Emory of the Bishop Museum cleared out 60 sites on Nihoa and collected and cataloged artifacts. ref ... for the release of the bones iwi from seven Hawaiian skeletons originally taken from Nihoa and Necker ..., and in November, 1997, Hui M lama chartered a yacht and travelled to Nihoa and Necker to Repatriation ... Archaeology of Nihoa & Necker Islands last Emory first Kenneth P. authorlink coauthors origyear ... cite book last Evenhuis first Neal L. ed. coauthors Eldredge, Lucius G. ed. title Natural History of Nihoa ... The Natural History of Nihoa Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands journal Atoll Research Bulletin ... 12 07 cite journal last Palmer first H. S. year 1927 title Geology of Kaula, Nihoa, Necker and Gardner ... more details
H. Mann small Alsinidendron trinerve S. trinervis small H. Mann Pax & K. Hoffmann small Nihoa Carnation S. verticillata small F. Brown in Christophersen & Caum small Nihoa Carnation Nihoa , Northwest ... more details
dablink This article discusses the Oahu offshore islet known as Moku Manu. Moku Manu is also a name for the Hawaiian island of Nihoa . Image Starr 060228 6230 Aerial photograph of Hawaii.jpg thumb right 280px Moku manu from the air Moku Manu , or Bird Island in the Hawaiian language , is an offshore islet of Oahu , three quarters of a mile off Mokapu Peninsula. Moku Manu and an adjacent small islet are connected by an underwater dike. The island was formed from debris flung from a vent of the nearby Kailua Volcano. Its highest point is 202 feet high, bordered by near vertical cliffs on many sides. Moku Manu is protected as a state seabird sanctuary like its neighbors to the south, Manana , Makapuu K ohikaipu , and Mokolea Rock M k lea Rock . Regardless, landing by boat is nearly impossible due to the lack of a safe beach. Moku Manu s isolated nature makes it an excellent nesting site. Eleven species of seabirds nest on Moku Manu, along with several migrating shorebirds. External links http www.hawaiioirc.org OIRC ISLETS Oahu OIRC ISLETS Oahu Mokumanu.htm Offshore Islets Restoration Committee commonscat inline coord 21 28 12 N 157 43 12 W display title region US HI type isle source dewiki Honolulu Category Islands of Hawaii Category Geography of Honolulu County, Hawaii de Moku Manu lb Moku Manu ru uk ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Helicoverpa hawaiiensis image image width 240px regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Noctuidae tribus subtribus genus Helicoverpa species H. hawaiiensis binomial Helicoverpa hawaiiensis binomial authority Quaintance & Brues, 1905 synonyms Chloridea armigera hawaiiensis Chloridea obsoleta signata Heliothis hawaiiensis small Quaintance and Brues, 1905 small Heliothis obsoleta var. hawaiiensis small Quaintance and Brues, 1905 small Chloridea obsoleta signata small Warren, 1912 small Chloridea armigera ab. hawaiiensis small Strand, 1916 small Chloridea obsoleta misidentification Heliothis obsoleta misidentification Heliothis armigera misidentification Chloridea armigera misidentification Heliothis conferta misidentification The Hawaiian Bud Moth Helicoverpa hawaiiensis is a species of moth of the Noctuidae family. It is endemic to Hawaii , where it is known from Kauai , Oahu , Molokai , Maui , Lanai , Hawaii island Hawaii , Nihoa and Necker island . Recorded foodplants include Gnaphalium and Sida species. External links http www2.bishopmuseum.org HBS checklist species.asp?grp Arthropod&taxID 300322693 Bishop Museum Arthropod Checklist https scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu handle 10125 7336 Insects of Hawaii. Volume 7, Macrolepidoptera Category Helicoverpa Category Endemic moths of Hawaii Heliothinae stub vi Helicoverpa hawaiiensis ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Hyposmocoma malornata image Hyposmocoma species3.JPG image size 200px image caption Illustrations in Fauna Hawaiiensis 1. Hyposmocoma auropurpurea , 2. Hyposmocoma inversella , 3. Hyposmocoma vinicolor , 4. Hyposmocoma adelphella , 5. Hyposmocoma metrosiderella , 6. Hyposmocoma similis , 7. Hyposmocoma calva , 8. Hyposmocoma tarsimaculata , 9. Hyposmocoma ochreociliata , 10. Hyposmocoma malornata , 11. Hyposmocoma quinquemaculata , 12. Hyposmocoma conditella , 13. Hyposmocoma montivolans , 14. Hyposmocoma iodes regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Cosmopterigidae genus Hyposmocoma species H. malornata binomial Hyposmocoma malornata binomial authority Walsingham, 1907 synonyms Hyposmocoma malornata is a species of moth of the Cosmopterigidae family. It is endemic to Necker Island Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Necker Island , Nihoa , Kauai , Oahu , Molokai , Maui and Hawaii island Hawaii . The type locality is Olinda, where it was collected on an altitude of 4,000 feet. The larva is probably a case maker, and it may feed on lichens. External links https scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu handle 10125 7338 Insects of Hawaii. Volume 9, Microlepidoptera Category Hyposmocoma Category Endemic moths of Hawaii Hyposmocoma stub ru Hyposmocoma malornata vi Hyposmocoma malornata ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Hyposmocoma laysanensis regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Cosmopterigidae genus Hyposmocoma species H. laysanensis binomial Hyposmocoma laysanensis binomial authority Schmitz and Rubinoff, 2009 synonyms Hyposmocoma laysanensis is a species of moth of the Cosmopterigidae family. It is endemic to Laysan . The type locality is Guano Rock. The wingspan is 5.2 7.7 mm. The larval case consists of a cone shaped structure, which is 4.5 6.0 mm in length, small and thin and decorated with bits of sand, and probably guano, woven with silk filaments. The aperture is covered with an operculum and decorated with small pebbles, or sand grains fastened by silk. The background color ranges from off white to gray. Adults were reared from case making larvae. Larvae were collected on rocks, sometimes disposed in a pile, on the island of Laysan. When disturbed, larvae were observed to tightly close the operculum of their case with their mandibles. The abundance of the cases suggests that the species is very common on Laysan. External links http www.mapress.com zootaxa 2009 f zt02272p053.pdf New species of Hyposmocoma Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae from the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands of Laysan, Necker, and Nihoa Category Hyposmocoma Category Endemic moths of Hawaii Hyposmocoma stub ru Hyposmocoma laysanensis uk Hyposmocoma laysanensis vi Hyposmocoma laysanensis ... more details
lake. convert 156 acre km2 adj on Nihoa is the youngest of the NWHI, and the tallest ... stages of erosion. Nihoa, Necker, and Gardner Pinnacles are rocky, basalt islands that have not eroded ... of the endemic species of the NWHI include the Nihoa Finch Nihoa and Laysan Finch , the Laysan Duck ... midway ladu.html ref and the Nihoa fan palm . Other notable species are the Laysan Albatross , the highly ... in the Hawaiian archipelago Nihoa spp. , recently discovered, are found only here. Most endemic species ... deserted upon discovery. Many agricultural terraces have been found on Nihoa, proving that Hawaiians ... purposes. The first of the Leeward Isles to be discovered by Europeans was Nihoa. James Colnett discovered ... were discovered and described, and the archeological sites on Nihoa and Necker were found. Naming system ... more details
thumb center 175px Nihoa Finch Genus Telespiza Telespiza cantans T. cantans &ndash Laysan Finch Telespiza ultima T. ultima &ndash Nihoa Finch Telespiza ypsilon T. ypsilon &ndash Maui Nui Finch Warbler ... xanthophrys.jpg thumb center 175px Maui Parrotbill File NihoaFinch.jpg thumb center 175px Nihoa Finch ... Nihoa Finch Telespiza ypsilon T. ypsilon &ndash Maui Nui Finch Parrot like 4 species class wikitable ... xanthophrys.jpg thumb center 175px Maui Parrotbill File NihoaFinch.jpg thumb center 175px Nihoa Finch ... Nihoa Finch Telespiza ypsilon T. ypsilon &ndash Maui Nui Finch Warbler like ? species br the only ... Finch Maui Nui Finch &ndash no photo Maui Parrotbill Nihoa Finch Psittirostra psittaceae col end Surviving ... Parrotbill Nihoa Finch col end References reflist Wilson, Eisner, Briggs, Dickerson, Metzenberg ... more details
italictitle Taxobox image regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera subordo Glossata infraordo Heteroneura enable when article is longer zoodivisio Ditrysia superfamilia Gelechioidea familia Agonoxenidae small disputed small subfamilia Agonoxeninae small disputed small genus Asymphorodes species A. dimorpha binomial Asymphorodes dimorpha binomial authority August Busck Busck , 1914 synonyms Petrochroa dimorpha small Busck, 1914 small Asymphorodes dimorpha is a species of gelechioid moth of subfamily Agonoxeninae of the palm moth family biology family Agonoxenidae , whose taxonomic status is disputed. Alternatively, the palm moths might be a subfamily of the grass miner moth family Elachistidae , with the Agonoxeninae becoming a tribe biology tribe Agonoxenini. Citation needed date October 2011 Formerly, this genus was included in the cosmet moth s Cosmopterigidae . It is found in Niihau , Kauai , Oahu , Molokai , Maui , Lanai , Hawaii island Hawaii , Nihoa , Necker Island , Pearl and Hermes Reef, Midway Atoll Midway , Kure, Wake island, Canton island, Jarvis island, but is probably much more widely distributed in the Pacific. The wings are folded at rest and the moth appears brown on the sides with a broad, pale, longitudinal stripe down the middle of the back. The hindwing of the male is most unusual. Not only is the venation much reduced, but there is a singular, bladderlike, thorn bearing protuberance near the middle of the hind margin of the cell near the wing margin. Part of this organ projects above the dorsal wing surface, but the greatest protuberance is from the ventral surface. Larvae have been recorded feeding on dead leaves, dead grass and dead plant materials in turf. The larvae are whitish and do not make cases. External links https scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu handle 10125 7338 Insects of Hawaii. Volume 9, Microlepidoptera Category Agonoxenidae Category Endemic moths of Hawaii Agonoxenidae stub ... more details
Image gardnerpinnacles.jpg right thumb 340px The guano coated Gardner Pinnacles. The Gardner Pinnacles Hawaiian language Hawaiian P h honu are two barren Rock formations in the United States rock outcrops surrounded by a reef and located in the Hawaiian Islands at coord 25 01 N 167 59 W , convert 511 nmi km mi 0 lk on northwest of Honolulu, Hawaii Honolulu and convert 108 mi nmi km French Frigate Shoals . The total area of the two small islets&mdash remnants of an ancient volcano&mdash is convert 5.939 acre m2 . Its highest peak has a commanding height of 170 feet 52 m . The surrounding reef has an area in excess of convert 600000 acre km2 sqmi . Gardner Pinnacles was first discovered on June 2, 1820 by the American whaler Maro whaleship Maro commanded by Captain Joseph Allen. The Gardner Pinnacles are home to some species of fish not found anywhere else in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, and have more species of coral than two rocky neighbors to the south, Necker Island Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Necker Island and Nihoa . Numerous insects live on the island, and a researcher claims to have found two new species of spiders here. Since this is part of a wildlife refuge, Gardner Pinnacles is off limits to even the military, who made an unauthorized entrance once to blow off the tip of the outcrop to create an emergency helicopter landing spot. Citation needed date February 2009 In the Hawaiian Archipelago, adjacent islands reefs are French Frigate Shoals to the southeast, and Maro Reef to the northwest. External links http www.janeresture.com gardner pinnacles Gardner Pinnacles Islands of the Hawaiian Chain http www.bishopmuseum.org research nwhi gardner.html Gardner Pinnacles Page Bishop Museum http www.pbs.org kqed oceanadventures episodes kure diaries gardner.html Quick Facts on the Gardner Pinnacles from the PBS Ocean Adventures site http factfinder.census.gov servlet DTTable? bm y& context dt& ds name DEC 2000 SF1 U& CHECK SEARCH RESULTS N& CONTEXT dt& ... more details
Bird Island may refer to TOCRight Africa Bird Island, Algoa Bay , South Africa Bird Island Namibia , an artificial island in Walvis Bay Bird Island, Seychelles Asia Bird Islands, islands in Qinghai Lake Geography Qinghai Lake , China Australia Bird Island, one of the Whitsunday Islands , Queensland Bird Islands Queensland , Far North Queensland Bird Island Prime Seal Group , north east Tasmania Bird Island Tasmania , Hunter Island Group, north west Tasmania Bird Island New South Wales , New South Wales Europe Bird Island, a List of townlands in County Down townland in County Down , Northern Ireland Bird Island, Slovakia, amor n North America Bird Islands Nunavut , Canada Bird Island, List of Aleutian Islands part of the Aleutian Islands , Alaska, U.S. Bird Island, part of the Lake Louise, Alaska Lake Louise State Recreation Area , Alaska Bird Island Marin County, California , U.S. Brooks Island or Bird Island, Richmond, California, U.S. Bird Island Hawaiian Islands or Nihoa, an island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, U.S. Bird Island Oahu or Moku Manu, an offshore islet of Oahu, Hawaii, U.S. Bird Island Montana , an List of islands of Montana island in Montana , U.S Bird Island Massachusetts , an island in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, U.S. Bird Island East Boston , a former island in East Boston , Massachusetts, U.S. Bird Island, an islet in Palmyra Atoll , U.S. Minor Outlying Island Bird Island, Minnesota , U.S. Bird Island Township, Renville County, Minnesota , U.S. Bird Island, North Carolina , U.S. Harris Beach State Park Bird Island , Oregon, U.S. also known as Goat Island Bird Island Basin http www.nps.gov pais planyourvisit bird island basin.htm , Texas on Padre Island South America Bird Island, Falkland Islands Bird Island, South Georgia Bird Island, Belize See also Isla Aves Spanish Island of birds , an island in the Caribbean Sea claimed by Venezuela and Dominica Great Bird Island, Antigua geodis de Bird Island nl Birdeiland pl Bird Island ... more details
italictitle taxobox name Stickybud Pritchardia image Pviscosa.jpg status CR status system iucn2.3 status ref ref Gemmill, C. 1998. http www.iucnredlist.org apps redlist details 38655 0 Pritchardia viscosa . http www.iucnredlist.org 2011 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 9 July 2011. ref regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Flowering plant Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots unranked ordo Commelinids ordo Arecales familia Arecaceae genus Pritchardia species P. viscosa binomial Pritchardia viscosa binomial authority Odoardo Beccari Becc. Pritchardia viscosa Lo okina ulu or Stickybud Pritchardia is an extremely rare endangered species of Pritchardia Arecaceae palm that is Endemism endemic to the Hawaii an island of Kauai Kaua okina i . ref name CPC cite web url http www.centerforplantconservation.org Collection CPC ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum 12967 title Pritchardia viscosa work CPC National Collection Plant Profiles publisher Center for Plant Conservation accessdate 2009 11 12 ref It inhabits open Hawaiian tropical rainforests Wet forests wet forests in the Kalihiwai Valley , where it grows at altitudes of convert 500 700 m ft abbr on . Associated plants include okina aiea Ilex anomala , okina ahakea Bobea spp. , hame, Antidesma spp. , h pu okina u pulu Cibotium Cibotium glaucum glacum , and k piko Psychotria Psychotria hexandra hexandra . ref name CPC It is a medium sized palm from convert 6 8 m ft abbr on tall, with palmate fan shaped leaves about convert 1 m ft abbr on long. The fruit is produced in dense clusters, each fruit green, pear shaped, convert 4 cm in abbr on long and convert 2.5 cm in abbr on in diameter. ref name CPC Like the related Nihoa Fan Palm Pritchardia remota P. remota , it is susceptible to extinction by a single catastrophic event because of its wild population of four individuals. It is threatened by introduced rat s, which eat the seed s. It has been cultivated to a moderate extent, but is exceptionally limited in its habitat. ref ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Schistocerca nitens image Grey Bird Grasshopper.jpg image width 230px regnum Animalia phylum Arthropoda classis Insecta ordo Orthoptera subordo Caelifera familia Acrididae genus Schistocerca species S. nitens binomial Schistocerca nitens binomial authority Carl Peter Thunberg Thunberg , 1815 synonyms Schistocerca vaga Schistocerca nitens is a species of grasshopper known by several common names, including vagrant grasshopper and gray bird grasshopper . It is a close relative of the desert locust , which is in the same genus. This grasshopper is native to southern North America including Mexico and the southwestern United States from California to Texas . It is also present in parts of Central America. It lives in many habitats including desert, woodland, and lower elevation mountainous areas. It is a large grasshopper, reaching lengths between 4 and 7 centimeters. It is mostly brown and gray spotted or patched in Crypsis cryptic coloration . This species is known as a pest on ornamental plant s and many types of crop plants. Hawaiian population It is a troublesome invasive species in Hawaii . This grasshopper is usually solitary, but it has been known to swarm as locust s as it did on the Hawaiian island of Nihoa in 2004, wiping out some 90 of the vegetation on the island. ref name cons Lockwood, J.A. & A.V. Latchininsky. 2008 . http www.conbio.org CIP article30811.cfm Confessions of a Hit Man . Conservation Magazine 9 3. ref It was probably introduced to Hawaii several decades ago and then spread through the archipelago by flying it has the ability to fly at least 300 miles across ocean. ref name cons Identification This grasshopper actually grows between 3 4 inches and coloration varies between,yellow,black,white,gray common ,orange,and tan sand. The wings expand to more than half its body length and is a very strong flier. Remarks Schistocerca Nitens is as explained a very strong flier and it perfers to fly low to the ground no more than ... more details
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