A wiigwaasi makak plural wiigwaasi makakoon , meaning birch bark box in the Anishinaabe language , is a box made of panels of birchbark sewn together with watap . The construction of makakoon from birchbark was an essential element in the culture of the Anishinaabe people and other members of the Native Americans of the United States Native Americans and First Nations of the Upper Great Lakes, particularly in the regions surrounding Lake Superior . Birchbark makakoon continue to be crafted to this day as Cultural heritage heritage heirlooms and for the tourist trade. Lake Superior area geology is short in supplies of clay , making pottery scarce for the people who lived there. However, the Betula papyrifera paper birch grows in profusion in this area, and sheets and panels of its strong, papery bark can be cut and carved from a tree for use. Birchbark boxes played a key role in creating durable package s and utensil s for storage and everyday use. Skilled harvesting of the bark, done at the Spring season proper season of the year, does not fatally injure the tree. ref name Mitchell cite web url http www.mitchellmuseum.org exhibits exhibit teachinglodge.html title The Teaching Lodge & Wigwam Birch Bark Containers work Mitchell Museum of the American Indian accessdate 2011 10 06 format ref Well made makakoon were close to waterproof, and could be used to store soluble goods such as maple sugar . Important documents written on birchbark wiigwaasabak were placed in makakoon for safekeeping. Anishinaabe initiates of the Midewiwin would often secure their numinous items in a wiigwaasi makak . ref name Mitchell Exceptionally well made makaks could be used as cooking utensils, although this use declined after the arrival of Euro American traders in the 1600s with metal pot s and saucepan s for sale. The makak would be filled with water and the foodstuff to be cooked, and then carefully hung over a campfire in such a way as to heat the water to the boiling point while fallin ... more details
religious experiences. Classical definitions Numinous The German thinker Rudolf Otto 1869 1937 argues .... In his book The Idea of the Holy 1923 he identifies this factor as the numinous . The numinous ... and mysterium fascinas , the tendency to attract, fascinate and compel. The numinous experience also ... the numinous as the only possible religious experience. He states There is no religion in which it the numinous does not live as the real innermost core and without it no religion would be worthy ... are in many ways the opposite of numinous experiences. In the mystical experience, all otherness disappear ... publisher Quest Books location Wheaton Illinois isbn 978 0835607827 ref The notion of the numinous was an important concept in the writings of Carl Jung. Jung regarded numinous experiences as fundamental ... more details
ref ref name Gomes cite web url http bak.spc.org numinous sensory nav what.html title Sensory last Gomes first Pete year 1999 publisher numinous language English language english accessdate 6 feb 2011 ... more details
in French by Patrice Guinard and i Beyond the Trigger Effect A Personal Note on the Numinous Consciousness ... Otto , the scholar of comparative religion who first coined the term numinous , and it attempts ... more details
Infobox scientist name Eleazar Sukenik image E L Sukenik 1951.jpg caption Eleazar Sukenik, 1951 birth date 12 August 1889 birth place Bialystok death date 28 February 1953 death place Jerusalem residence citizenship nationality Israel ethnicity Jewish field archaeology work institutions Hebrew University in Jerusalem alma mater doctoral advisor doctoral students known for author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced prizes religion atheist footnotes signature Eleazar Lipa Sukenik 12 August 1889 Bialystok 28 February 1953 Jerusalem was an Israelis Israeli archaeologist and professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem . Having arrived in Palestine in 1911 he worked as a school teacher and tour guide. He participated in the War of the Languages that erupted among Zionist activists in Palestine in 1913. He served in the British army in World War I in the 40th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers which became known as the Jewish Legion . Sukenik was an atheist . ref I read a few sentences. It was written in beautiful Biblical Hebrew. The language was like that of the Psalms. One of these was the Isaiah scroll, which I saw recently in the Rockefeller Museum in East Jerusalem sections of goat skin parchment, sewn together, 27 feet long. I felt in the presence of something numinous, although I have been a convinced atheist since boyhood. But this document is a testament to the inexplicable persistence of the human mind, in the face of all the evidence, in believing that we are on earth for a divine purpose. Eleazar Sukenik, quoted in Justin Cartwright, The indestructible power of belief , The Guardian , 27 May 2000, Saturday Pages, Pg. 3. ref In addition to his important excavations in Jerusalem including the Third Wall and numerous ossuary tombs he played a central role in the establishment of the Department of Archaeology of the Hebrew University. He recognized the importance of the Dead Sea Scrolls to Israel and worked for the Israeli state to buy them. In 19 ... more details
Multiple issues POV May 2009 original research May 2009 no footnotes May 2009 Gao Lian zh c p G o Li n w Kao Lien , fl. 16th century , was Chinese writer , dramatist and encyclopedist . ref name Cihai Cihai Page 2045. ref Gao Lian was born in Qiantang present day Hangzhou . His style name was Shen Fu and his Chinese style name H o pseudonym pseudonym was Ruinan Dao Ren . He is known to have written the plays Jiexiaoji and Yuzanji , The Jade Hairpin . ref name Cihai Of the two, he is most noted for latter, a romantic drama about a young impoverished scholar and a Daoist nun. ref Clunas 2004, p. 17. ref The piece remains a classic of the Ming Dynasty Ming period theater in thirty three scenes, some of which are still performed today. Professionally, Gao remained largely outside of official circles and is an example of a Buyi Wenren or commoner literatus, many examples of whom lived in the 17th century. His writing suggests that he was a resident of Hangzhou and its celebrated West Lake with his area details. Gao s encyclopedia, Zunsheng Bajian , Eight Treatises on the Nurturing of Life , was first published in 1591 and reprinted at least twice more before 1620. ref Clunas 2004, pp. 14, 20. ref Specifically, the eight discourses are as follows blockquote 1. On sublime theories of pure self cultivation br 2. On being in harmony with the four seasons br 3. On comport on rising and resting including one s surroundings, or what we might call interior design, of contemporary rather than ancient manufacture br 4. On extending life and avoiding disease br 5. On food and drink br 6. On pure enjoyment of cultured idleness including art collecting, connoisseurship br 7. On numinous and arcane elixirs and medicines br 8. On remote wanderings beyond the mundane ref Clunas 2004, p. 18. ref blockquote Eight Treatises has a distinctly modern ring with its espousal of stress avoidance as a key to overall physical health. In his discussion of mental illnes ... more details
The following list is a list of the works contained in the Lingbao Canon as listed by Lu Xiujing in his catalogue of the Lingbao School , China, in 437 CE. ref Bokenkamp, Stephen. Lingbao, in Encyclopedia of Taoism, Fabrizio Pregadio, ed., London Routledge, 2007 , 665. ref class toccolours border 1 cellpadding 3 style border collapse collapse bgcolor lightgrey Number Index ref The numbers here refer to the text number as catologued in Schipper s Concordance du Tao tsang . ref English Title Pinyin Title 1 22 align left Perfected Script in Five Tablets align left Wupian zhenwen 2 352 align left Jade Instructions br Scripture of the Revolution of Great Kalpas br Scripture of the Revolution of Lesser Kalpas align left Yujue br Yundu daqie jing br Yundu xiaoqie jing 3 align left Numinous Stanzas of the Void Caverns align left Kongdong lingzhang 4 1439 align left Stanzas on Ascending to Mystery and Pacing the Void align left Shengxuan buxu zhang 5 318 align left Stanzas of the Life giving Spirits of the Nine Heavens align left Jiutian shengshen zhangjing 6 671 align left Text of the Self generating Five Talismans of Correspondence align left Ziran wucheng wen 7 97 align left Inner Sounds and Jade Graphs of the Heavens align left Zhutian neiyin yuzi 8 457 align left Great Precepts of the Upper Chapters on the Roots of Sin align left Zuigen shangpin dajie 9 177 align cleft Great Precepts of Wisdom from the Upper Chapters align left Zhihui shangpin dajie 10 lost align left Bamboo Slips on the Golden Registers of the Higher Prime align left Shangyuan jinlu jianwen 11 1411 align left Code of the Luminous Perfected align left Mingzhen ke 12 177 align left Scripture on Wisdom and Fixing the Will align left Zhihui dingzhi jing 13 align left Upper Chapters on the Basic Endeavor align left Benye shangpin 14 346 align left Blame and Blessings of the Wheel of the Law align left Falun zuifu 15 1 align left Scripture of Upper Chapters on Limitless Salvation align left Wuliang duren sha ... more details
animal species seems to have been considered numinous . Certain spirits were very close to the animals ... possessed a numinous quality as well as an economic value. For this reason they were deified ... more details
the term Numinous to express the type of fear one has for the Lord. C.S. Lewis references the term ... that fear of the Numinous is not a fear that one feels for a tiger, or even a ghost. Rather, the fear of the Numinous, as C. S. Lewis describes it, is one filled with awe, in which you feel wonder ... more details
of people they perceive as victims of the discriminated. The Authoritarian and numinous characteristics ... modernity, it is inherently both modern Authoritarian and archaically numinous i. e. a form of irrational ... more details
Citations missing date November 2009 Roman government Auctoritas is a Latin word and is the origin of English authority . While historically its use in English was restricted to discussions of the political history of Rome , the beginning of Phenomenology philosophy phenomenological philosophy in the twentieth century expanded the use of the word. In ancient Rome , Auctoritas referred to the general level of prestige a person had in Roman society, and, as a consequence, his clout, influence, and ability to rally support around his will. Auctoritas was not merely political, however it had a numinous content and symbolized the mysterious power of command of heroic Roman figures. Etymology and origin According to French linguist Emile Benveniste , auctor which also gives us English author is derived from Latin auge to augment . The auctor is is qui auget , the one who augments the act or the juridical situation of another. ref James Bradstreet Greenough J. B. Greenough disputes this etymology of auctor but not the sense of foundation and augmentation in Latin Etymologies , Harvard Studies in Classical Philology , Vol. 4, 1893. ref Auctor in the sense of author , comes from auctor as founder or, one might say, planter cultivator . Similarly, auctoritas refers to rightful ownership , based on one s having produced or homesteading homesteaded the article of property in question more in the sense of sponsored or acquired than manufactured . This auctoritas would, for example, persist through an usucapio of ill gotten or abandoned property. Political meaning in Ancient Rome Image Maccari Cicero.jpg thumb 300px Representation of a sitting of the Roman Senate Cicero attacks Catilina , from a 19th century fresco Politically, auctoritas was connected to the Roman Senate Roman Senate s authority auctoritas patrum , not to be confused with potestas or imperium political power power , which were held by the magistratus magistrates or the plebs people . In this context, Auctoritas ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced June 2008 cleanup April 2008 orphan February 2009 Michael John FitzGerald 3 February 1927 28 November 2007 was a priest, academic and poet who was born in Ludlow , Shropshire . He professed a monk of the Carmelite Order in 1942, taking the name John and was ordained priest in 1951 he was Catholic Chaplain, University College of Wales , Aberystwyth 1964 70, Lecturer in Philosophy 1970 1993 priest, Parish of Llanelli 2004 07 and he died in Carmarthen on the 28 November 2007. The remarkable achievement of John FitzGerald, a Carmelite of Irish parentage but brought up in England, was that he learned the Welsh language and made it the language of his religious, intellectual and social life. He was not alone in this, but FitzGerald was unusual for having, besides his priestly vocation, an interest in literary matters and a talent for writing verse of a very high order. He published two volumes of verse, Cadwyn Cenedl A nation s chain , 1969 and Grawn Gwirionedd Grapes of truth , 2006 , though the second contains all the poems in the first as well as about 30 others. Here is the englyn a four lined epigrammatic poem popular among Welsh poets which serves as an epigraph to his first book Iaith Sir G r a gerais, iaith dirion, afradlon, hyfrydlais. Rhan a chartref a gefais yn ei swyn, a minnau n Sais. It was the civilised tongue of Carmarthenshire I loved, a happy language prodigal and mellifluous. I had a part and a home in its spell, and me an Englishman. Many other poems, as might be expected, are devotional, though he also found inspiration in the natural scene, in people, in music, and in jeux d esprit as in the poem I m gwraig , in which he addresses his wife , adding in a note Perhaps I should note that I m not married . Even when contemplating the numinous he found there was reason to ask difficult questions, for there was nothing complacent about his faith, and in this he may be compared with that other priest poet R. S. Thomas , though h ... more details
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