unreferenced date February 2012 Infobox programminglanguage name Nyquist logo paradigm year designer Roger Dannenberg developer Roger Dannenberg latest release version latest release date typing implementations influenced by Lisp 28programming language 29 Lisp influenced Nyquist is a programminglanguage for sound synthesis and analysis based on the Lisp programminglanguage . It is an extension of the XLISP dialect of Lisp. With Nyquist, the programmer designs musical instruments by combining functions, and can call upon these instruments and generate a sound just by typing a simple expression. The programmer can combine simple expressions into complex ones to create a whole composition, and can also generate various other kinds of musical and non musical sounds. The Nyquist interpreter can ... two languages, one for creating orchestras the other for writing scores . With Nyquist these two domains are combined. Nyquist runs under Linux and other Unix environments, Mac OS , and Microsoft Windows . The Nyquistprogramminglanguage and interpreter were written by Roger Dannenberg at Carnegie .... On many platforms, it can also produce direct audio output in real time. The Nyquistprogramminglanguage can also be used to write plug in effects for the Audacity digital audio editor. One notable difference between Nyquist and more traditional MUSIC N languages is that Nyquist does not segregate ... of the Nyquist interpreter http audacity.sourceforge.net help nyquist Audacity Help Nyquist plugins http www.audacityteam.org wiki index.php?title Nyquist Plug ins Audacity Wiki Nyquist plugins http wiki.audacityteam.org wiki Download Nyquist Plug ins Nyquist plugins for Audacity Category Audio programming languages Category Lisp programminglanguage family Category Software synthesizers Category Carnegie Mellon University ca Nyquist llenguatge de programaci de Nyquist Programmiersprache es Nyquist lenguaje de programaci n fr Nyquist langage pt Nyquist linguagem de programa o ... more details
Nyquist is a surname of Swedish and Norwegian origin which may refer to People Ann Christin Nyquist born 1948 , Swedish Social Democratic politician Arild Nyquist 1937&ndash 2004 , Norwegian novelist, lyricist, writer and musician Ove Nyquist Arup , CBE, MICE, MIStructE 1895 1988 , Anglo Danish architectural engineer, founder of engineering firm Arup Gustav Nyquist born 1989 , Swedish ice hockey player, currently in the Detroit Red Wing organization Harry Nyquist 1889&ndash 1976 , Swedish American engineer Kari Nyquist born 1918 , Norwegian ceramist, freelance artist and designer Paul Nyquist , president of the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago, IL Ryan Nyquist born 1979 , American cyclist and motocross rider Other 6625 Nyquist 1981 EX41 a Main belt Asteroid discovered in 1981, named after Laurence E. Nyquist Johnson Nyquist noise thermal noise Nyquist stability criterion control theory term Nyquist plot signal processing and electronic feedback Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem fundamental result in the field of information theory Nyquist frequency digital signal processing Nyquist rate telecommunication theory Nyquist ISI criterion telecommunication theory Nyquistprogramminglanguage computer programminglanguage for sound synthesis and music composition Nyquist filter a filter used in television systems See also Enquist disambiguation Category Surnames Category Swedish language surnames Category Norwegian language surnames ca Nyquist de Nyquist es Nyquist it Nyquist he pt Nyquist ... more details
Arild Nyquist 1937 &ndash 2004 was a Norwegian novelist, lyricist, writer of children s books and musician. He made his literary debut in 1963 with the novel Ringer i et sommervann . Nyquist was awarded Mads Wiel Nygaards Endowment in 1971. ref name nygaards legat cite web url http www.forfatterportalen.no litteraturpriser legat.htm title Mads Wiel Nygaards Legat publisher Forfatterportalen.no language Norwegian accessdate 17 February 2009 ref He was nominated for the Nordic Council s Literature Prize in 1994 for the self biographic novel Ungdom . ref name nordic litprize cite web url http www.norden.org sv nordiska raadet nordiska raadets priser litteraturpriset tidigare prisvinnare och nominerade arkiv foer tidigare nominerade och prisvinnare title Tidigare pristagare och nomineringar language Swedish publisher www.norden.org accessdate 17 February 2009 ref References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Nyquist, Arild ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1937 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 2004 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Nyquist, Arild Category 1937 births Category 2004 deaths Category Norwegian novelists Category Norwegian poets Category Norwegian musicians Norway writer stub no Arild Nyquist nn Arild Nyquist sv Arild Nyquist ... more details
Infobox scientist name Harry Nyquist image Harry Nyquist.jpg image size 200px caption Harry Nyquist 1889 ... advisor Henry Andrews Bumstead academic advisors doctoral students notable students known for Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem br Nyquist rate br Johnson Nyquist noise br Nyquist stability criterion br Nyquist ISI criterion br Nyquist plot br Nyquist frequency br Nyquist filter br Fluctuation dissipation ... Harry Nyquist n Harry Theodor Nyqvist IPA en na kw st , IPA sv n kv st lang February 7, 1889 April 4, 1976 was an important contributor to information theory . Personal life Nyquist was born ... Laboratories in that year, until his retirement in 1954. Nyquist received the IEEE Medal of Honor IRE ... in recognition of his many fundamental contributions to engineering. Nyquist lived in Pharr, Texas after ... at Bell Laboratories, Nyquist did important work on thermal noise Johnson Nyquist noise , ref H. Nyquist, Thermal Agitation of Electric Charge in Conductors , Phys. Rev., Vol. 32, pp. 110 113, 1928 ... amplifiers. ref H. Nyquist, Regeneration theory , Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 11, pp. 126 147, 1932 ref The Nyquist stability criterion can now be found in all textbooks on feedback control ... theory . In particular, Nyquist determined that the number of independent pulses that could ... speed 1924 ref Nyquist, Harry. Certain factors affecting telegraph speed . Bell System Technical Journal , 3, 324 346, 1924 ref and Certain topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory 1928 . ref Nyquist ... a Duality mathematics dual of what is now known as the Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem . See also Nyquist filter Nyquist plot Nyquist rate Nyquist frequency Nyquist ISI criterion References reflist External links http www.ieeeghn.org wiki index.php Harry Nyquist IEEE Global History Network page about Nyquist http www.trendcomms.com multimedia training broadband 20networks web main m1 temari seccio5 nyquist.htm Nyquist criterion page Dead link date February 2012 with photo of Nyquist with John ... more details
distinguish Nyquist frequency Image Bandlimited.svg thumb Spectrum of a bandlimited signal as a function of frequency right 240px In signal processing , the Nyquist rate , named after Harry Nyquist , is two ... ISBN 1 4020 7078 0 url http books.google.com books?id 99nwX ovq7QC&pg PA15&dq nyquist rate define bandwidth sampling PPA14,M1 ref not to be confused with the Nyquist frequency , which is half the sampling ... books?id Ga7PYE7E8kQC&pg PA399&dq nyquist rate define bandwidth symbols pages 399 ref .... Nyquist rate relative to sampling The Nyquist rate is the minimum sampling frequency sampling rate ... can have nonzero energy. To avoid aliasing, the sampling rate must exceed the Nyquist rate math f ... detrimental, and sampling below the Nyquist rate, called Undersampling bandpass sampling , is sometimes ... A , whose Nyquist rate is 2 B &minus A . An even lower Nyquist rate can be achieved ... 2, with a synchronized phase, which moves the highest component to B &minus A 2 and the Nyquist rate to just B &minus A . Nyquist rate relative to signaling Long before Harry Nyquist had his name associated with sampling, the term Nyquist rate was used differently, with a meaning closer to what Nyquist actually studied. Quoting Harold Stephen Black Harold S. Black s 1953 book Modulation Theory, in the section Nyquist Interval of the opening chapter Historical Background If the essential frequency range is limited to B cycles per second, 2 B was given by Nyquist as the maximum ... interference is less half a quantum step. This rate is generally referred to as signaling at the Nyquist rate and 1 2 B has been termed a Nyquist interval . bold added for emphasis italics as in the original According to the OED , this may be the origin of the term Nyquist rate . ref Harold Stephen Black Black, H. S. , Modulation Theory , v. 65, 1953, cited in OED ref Nyquist s famous 1928 paper ... a channel of limited bandwidth. Signaling at the Nyquist rate meant putting as many code pulses ... more details
Award finalist. Professional Nyquist played his first AHL game with the Grand Rapids Griffins on 25 ... http www.nhl.com scores htmlreports 20112012 GS021135.HTM ref Nyquist made his NHL playoff debut on April 13th 2012, against the Nashville Predators . Nyquist was re called from Grand Rapids after Red ... I men s ice hockey season 2010 11 ref cite web title UNH S BUTLER, MAINE S NYQUIST HEADLINE HOCKEY ... see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Nyquist, Gustav ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Swedish ice ... OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Nyquist, Gustav Category 1989 births Category Living people Category Detroit Red ... winger stub sv Gustav Nyquist ... more details
Infobox Planet minorplanet yes width 25em bgcolour FFFFC0 apsis name Nyquist symbol image caption discovery yes discovery ref discoverer S. J. Bus discovery site Siding Spring Observatory discovered March 2, 1981 designations yes mp name 6625 alt names 1981 EX41 mp category orbit ref epoch May 14, 2008 aphelion 3.7472418 perihelion 2.5803818 semimajor eccentricity 0.1844073 period 2055.4854311 avg speed inclination 1.30349 asc node 200.53248 mean anomaly 50.80016 arg peri 206.41316 satellites physical characteristics yes dimensions mass density surface grav escape velocity sidereal day axial tilt pole ecliptic lat pole ecliptic lon albedo temperatures temp name1 mean temp 1 max temp 1 temp name2 max temp 2 spectral type abs magnitude 12.9 6625 Nyquist 1981 EX41 is a Asteroid belt main belt asteroid discovered on March 2, 1981 by S. J. Bus at Siding Spring Observatory in the course of the U.K. Schmidt Caltech Asteroid Survey . References Reflist External links http ssd.jpl.nasa.gov sbdb.cgi?sstr 6625 Nyquist JPL Small Body Database Browser on 6625 Nyquist MinorPlanets Navigator 6624 1980 SG 6626 Mattgenge MinorPlanets Footer DEFAULTSORT Nyquist beltasteroid stub Category Main Belt asteroids Category Asteroids named for people Category Discoveries by Schelte J. Bus Category Astronomical objects discovered in 1981 fa it 6625 Nyquist la 6625 Nyquist hu 6625 Nyquist pl 6625 Nyquist uk 6625 vi 6625 Nyquist yo 6625 Nyquist ... more details
Image Nyquist.svg thumb right A Nyquist plot. A Nyquist plot is a parametric plot of a transfer function used in control systems automatic control and signal processing . The most common use of Nyquist plots is for assessing the stability of a system with feedback . In Cartesian coordinates, the real part of the transfer function is plotted on the X axis. The imaginary part is plotted on the Y axis. The frequency is swept as a parameter. Alternatively, in polar coordinates , the gain of the transfer function is plotted as the radial coordinate, while the phase waves phase of the transfer function is plotted as the angular coordinate. The Nyquist plot is named after Harry Nyquist , a former engineer at Bell Laboratories . Uses Assessment of the stability of a closed loop negative feedback system is done by applying the Nyquist stability criterion to the Nyquist plot of the open loop system i.e. the same system without its feedback loop . This method is easily applicable even for systems with delays and other non rational transfer functions, which may appear difficult to analyze by means of other methods. Stability is determined by looking at the number of encirclements of the point at 1,0 . Range of gains over which the system will be stable can be determined by looking at crossing of the real axis. The Nyquist plot can provide some information about the shape of the transfer function ... mastascu econtrolhtml Freq Freq6.html Nyquist Plots ref by the angle at which the curve approaches the origin. When drawn by hand, a cartoon version of the Nyquist plot is sometimes used ... links Commons category Nyquist plots http controlcan.homestead.com files idxpages.htm Applets with modifiable ... nyquist.html MATLAB function for creating a Nyquist plot of a frequency response of a dynamic system ... ar bs Nyquistov dijagram de Nyquist Diagramm fa fr Diagramme de Nyquist it Diagramma di Nyquist he ja pl Charakterystyka amplitudowo fazowa ... more details
distinguish Nyquist rate File Aliasing folding.png thumb 400px The black dots are aliases of each other ... paths of the aliases. The Nyquist frequency , named after the Swedish American engineer Harry Nyquist , is half the sampling frequency of a discrete signal processing system. ref ... frequency 22 date 0 1965&dq 22nyquist frequency 22 date 0 1965&pgis 1 quote The Nyquist frequency ... of power in the continuous signal spectrum at frequencies higher than the Nyquist frequency ... 2010 quote Frequencies fold around half the sampling frequency which is why the Nyquist frequency ... no frequencies equal or higher than the Nyquist frequency, all the Aliasing Sampling sinusoidal functions aliases caused by sampling occur above the Nyquist frequency. The term aliasing usually refers to the case where some original frequency components have aliases below Nyquist. That often causes distortion when a continuous function is subsequently reconstructed from samples. The Nyquist frequency should not be confused with the Nyquist rate , which is the lower bound of the sampling frequency that satisfies the Nyquist sampling criterion for a given signal or family of signals. This lower bound is twice the bandwidth or maximum component frequency of the signal. Nyquist rate , as commonly ... Nyquist frequency is a property of a discrete time system, not of a signal. While the domain of the signals is commonly time, leading to a Nyquist frequency in Hertz , this does not have to be the case for example, an image sampling system has a Nyquist frequency expressed in units of reciprocal length , such as cycles per meter. The aliasing problem In theory, a Nyquist frequency just larger .... Some amount of aliasing is unavoidable. Signal frequencies higher than the Nyquist frequency will encounter a folding about the Nyquist frequency, back into lower frequencies. For example, if the sample rate is 20 kHz, the Nyquist frequency is 10 kHz, and an 11 kHz signal will fold ... more details
Kari Nyquist born 1918 is a Norwegian ceramist. She is most associated with her decorated ceramics from the Stavangerflint AS plant in Stavanger, Norway . Her designs are most often found pottery of blue clay or stoneware . Biography Nyquist was born in Oslo , Norway . She was educated as a ceramist at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry in Oslo between 1934 and 1938. She trained at the ceramic workshops of artisans including Eilif Whist and William Knutzen and was employed at ros Keramikk and Schneider & Knutzen AS . She established her own ceramic workshop in Oslo in 1942. Designer at Stavangerflint AS From 1955 Nyquist was employed as a freelance artist and designer at Stavangerflint AS , Stavanger , Norway. She worked at the earthenware company for short intervals and created designs for ceramic tableware, children s tableware, occasional objects and souvenirs. Her drawings were reproduced as silk screens , most often in a blue colour on a light blue background, but they are also found in other colour variations. Recognitions A tea set from the mid 1950s with her decorations on the model Utstein designed by Norwegian ceramic and glass designer Eystein Sandnes is represented at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London . Kari Nyquist has held several exhibitions in Norway and abroad. She has pieces represented at http www.nationalmuseum.no The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design in Oslo. ref http gratisnettside.no stavangerflinthistorie Kreativ Innsatai Over 30 r Inger Waage h ndmalt ref References Reflist Other sources Gjerde, Jan 2007 Glimt Fra Stavangerflints Historie Stavanger Stavangerflint AS ISBN 978 82 303 0998 8 Olsen, Astrid and Rolf ... 978 82 303 0998 8 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Nyquist, Kari ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1918 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Nyquist ... ceramists Norway artist stub no Kari Nyquist nn Kari Nyquist ... more details
Ryan Nyquist born March 6, 1979 in Los Gatos, California is a professional BMX rider who has won numerous gold medals in the X Games Dirt Jumping & Bike Park events. He currently rides for Haro Bikes, Osiris Shoes , Rockstar Energy Drink, and The Jiffy Market of Los Gatos. Ryan returned to San Jose, California where he has a home with his wife and sons. He previously lived in Greenville, North Carolina for a period of time. He is known as one of the best contest riders in the history of BMX. He has been a regular top finisher for over fifteen years. He s also known for doing groundbreaking barspin variations. Awards 2002 XGames Park Champion ref name expn.go.com http expn.go.com athletes bios NYQUIST RYAN.html ref 2003 Triple Crown of BMX Park Champion ref name expn.go.com br Triple Crown of BMX Dirt Champion ref name expn.go.com 2004 ESPY Best Action Sports ref http www.ryannyquist.com About ref 2007 AST Dew Tour BMX Dirt Dew Cup Champion. 2009 AST Dew Tour BMX Dirt Dew Cup Champion. Other He was featured on MTV Cribs and made a guest appearance as himself on the cartoon Kim Possible . Nyquist first competed in the X Games in 1996 and has been professional since 1995. References Reflist External links http www.ryannyquist.com Official website http expn.go.com athletes bios NYQUIST RYAN.html Biography at expn.com http losgatosobserver.com los gatos Article.php?article id 0631 Photographs of Los Gatos event at which Nyquist performed Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Nyquist, Ryan ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION American bicycle motocross rider DATE OF BIRTH March 6, 1979 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Nyquist, Ryan Category American cyclists Category Bicycle motocross riders Category People from the San Francisco Bay Area Category 1979 births Category Living people Category X Games athletes US cycling bio stub ... more details
Infobox person name J. Paul Nyquist image NyquistPaul.jpg image size 150 x 185 caption birth date birth place Oakland, Nebraska occupation President of Moody Bible Institute spouse Cheryl Nyquist website http www.moodyministries.net Dr. J. Paul Nyquist is the president of the Moody Bible Institute , in Chicago , IL. He was announced as the ninth president of MBI on April 15, 2009, and assumed the presidency on June 1, 2009, over the Undergraduate School, Graduate School, Moody Radio , and Moody Publishers . ref cite web url http www.moodyministries.net crp mainpage.aspx?id 36892 title Moody s Ninth President publisher Moodyministries.net date accessdate 2009 04 16 ref Dr. Nyquist came to Moody Bible Institute from Avant Ministries , where he served as President. ref cite web url http www.avantministries.org international service center paul nyquist title Church Planting for a Changing World Paul Nyquist publisher Avant Ministries date accessdate 2009 04 16 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref Before joining Avant Ministries, Dr. Nyquist served as senior pastor at First Federated Church in Des Moines, Iowa, and Evangelical Bible Church in Omaha, Nebraska. Dr. Nyquist received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Architectural Studies from the University of Nebraska at Lincoln in 1976. He then attended Dallas Theological Seminary where he received a Master of Theology in 1981 and a Ph.D. in Systematic Theology in 1984. ref cite web url http www.avantministries.org title Church Planting for a Changing World publisher Avant Ministries date 2009 01 01 accessdate 2009 04 16 ref He and his wife, Cheryl have been married for 27 years and have four children Natalie a 2005 Moody grad , Taylor, Carson a 2010 Moody grad , and Sawyer a 2011 Moody grad . References reflist External links ... . NAME Nyquist, Paul ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH Oakland, Nebraska DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Nyquist, Paul Category Year of birth missing living ... more details
refimprove date November 2009 A Nyquist filter is an electronic filter used in Television set TV receiver s to equalize the video characteristics. The filter is named after the Swedish US engineer Harry Nyquist 1889 1976 . VSB In analogue TV broadcasting the visual radio frequency RF signal is produced by amplitude modulation AM i.e., the video signal Video signal VF modulates the carrier wave carrier . In AM two symmetric sidebands appear , containing identical information. So the RF bandwidth is two times the VF bandwidth. For example, the RF bandwidth of a VF signal with a bandwidth of 4.2 MHz, is 8.4 MHz. System M In order to use the broadcast band more efficiently, one sideband can be suppressed. However, it is impossible to suppress one sideband completely without affecting the other. Furthermore, a very sharp edge filter characteristic causes intolerable delay problems. So as a compromise, a standard filter is used which reduces a considerable portion of one side band lower side band in RF without causing extensive delay problems. Such a filter is known as Vestigal sideband vestigial side band filter VSB . ref Gordon J.King Beginner s Guige to Color Television ,Newnes technical Books,Butterworth & Co. London, 1973 pp.99 ref Example of a VSB In system B the VF bandwidth is 5 MHz. Without any suppression, the corresponding visual RF bandwidth must be 10 MHz. Here, presence of aural signal is omitted for the sake of simplification. But by using a VSB filter, the visual RF bandwidth is reduced to 6.25 MHz 5 MHz in one sideband and 1.25 MHz in the other sideband. The filter characteristic in the suppressed sideband is such that between .... Nyquist filter In order to equalise the low frequency and high frequency components of the VF signal, a filter named a Nyquist filter is used in receivers. This filter, which is used before ... characteristic is reconstructed at the output of the demodulator. The tolerance masks of the Nyquist ... more details
Infobox programminglanguage name T logo paradigm Multi paradigm programminglanguage multi paradigm Object oriented programming object oriented , Imperative programming imperative , Functional programming functional , metaprogramming meta year 1980s designer Jonathan A. Rees and br Norman I. Adams developer Jonathan A. Rees and br Norman I. Adams latest release version 3.0 release date 1984 8 1 latest release date typing dynamic typing dynamic , strong typing strong influenced by Scheme programminglanguage Scheme influenced EuLisp Joule programminglanguage Joule operating system Cross platform license website file ext The T programminglanguage is a dialect of the Scheme programminglanguage Scheme programminglanguage developed in the early 1980s by Jonathan A. Rees, Kent M. Pitman, and Norman I. Adams of Yale University as an experiment in language design and implementation. T s purpose is to test the thesis developed by Guy L. Steele, Jr. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman Sussman in their series of papers about Scheme that Scheme may be used as the basis for a practical programminglanguage of exceptional expressive power, and that implementations of Scheme could perform better than other Lisp systems, and competitively with implementations of programming languages, such as C programminglanguage C and BLISS programminglanguage BLISS , which are usually considered to be inherently more efficient than Lisp on conventional machine architectures. In 1987 Stephen Slade published the book The T ProgrammingLanguage A Dialect of LISP . T contains some features that modern Scheme does not have. For example, T is object oriented , and it has first class environments, called locales , which can be modified non locally and used as a module system. T has several extra special forms ... ftp papers t manual.pdf T manual PDF from ReadScheme Category Lisp programminglanguage family Category Scheme programminglanguage cs T programovac jazyk ... more details
Infobox programminglanguage name A logo File Aplus logo.jpg paradigm array programming array year 1988 designer Arthur Whitney computer scientist Arthur Whitney developer Morgan Stanley latest release version 4.20 2 latest release date November 2006 typing dynamic typing dynamic , strong typing strong implementations A dialects influenced by APL programminglanguage APL influenced K programminglanguage K license GNU General Public License A is an array programminglanguage descendent from the programminglanguage A, which in turn was created to replace APL programminglanguage APL in 1988. ref http www.aplusdev.org About index.html The History of A sup sup at aplusdev.org ref Arthur Whitney computer scientist Arthur Whitney developed the A portion of A , while other developers at Morgan Stanley extended it, adding a graphical user interface and other language features. A was designed for numerically intensive applications, especially those found in financial applications. A runs on many Unix variants, including Linux . A is a high level, interactive, interpreted language . A provides an extended set of functions and operators, a graphical user interface with automatic synchronization of widgets and variables, asynchronous execution of functions associated with variables and events ... Arthur Whitney went on to create the K programminglanguage K language , a proprietary array language. Like J programminglanguage J , K omits the APL character set. It does not have some of the perceived ... The A programminglanguage, a different APL journal APL 90 Conference proceedings on APL 90 for the future ... A Development.org A is freely available under the GNU General Public License Category APL programminglanguage family Category Array programming languages Category Data centric programming languages ... has not yet been ported to all supported platforms. The A language implements the following changes to the APL language an A function may have up to nine formal parameters A code statements are separated ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2012 Programminglanguage lists A programminglanguage is an artificial language ... , use alternative forms of description. The description of a programminglanguage is usually ... document for example, the C programminglanguage C programminglanguage is specified ... 5 and earlier, have a dominant Programminglanguage implementation implementation that is used as a reference implementation reference . TOC limit 4 Definitions A programminglanguage is a notation ... restrict the term programminglanguage to those languages that can express all possible algorithms. ref name Aaby 2004 ref In mathematical terms, this means the programminglanguage is Turing ... important for what constitutes a programminglanguage include Function and target A computer programminglanguage is a language ref name Fischer Steven R. Fischer, A history of language , Reaktion ... program to control a computer printer or display. More generally, a programminglanguage may describe ... for a programminglanguage includes a description, possibly idealized, of a machine or processor for that language. ref name nara2 R. Narasimahan, Programming Languages and Computers A Unified ... Press, 1994, ISBN 012012108, p.193 a complete specification of a programminglanguage must, by definition ... cites many references to support this statement ref In most practical contexts, a programminglanguage ... necessity that a programminglanguage support adequate abstractions is expressed by the abstraction ... the same set of algorithm s. SQL ANSI ISO SQL and Charity programminglanguage Charity are examples ... year 1996 accessdate 29 June 2006 , Charity is a categorical programminglanguage... , All Charity ... XML in 10 points W3C , 1999, XML is not a programminglanguage. ref ref cite book last Powell ... 942 X page 25 quote HTML is not a programminglanguage. ref ref cite book last1 Dykes first1 Lucinda ... 1 page 20 quote ...it s a markup language, not a programminglanguage. ref Programming languages ... more details
infobox programminglanguage name S logo paradigm multi paradigm programminglanguage multi paradigm imperative programming imperative , object oriented programming object oriented year 1976 designer developer Rick Becker, Allan Wilks, John Chambers programmer John Chambers latest release version latest release date typing type system dynamic , strong typing strong implementations R programminglanguage R , S PLUS dialects influenced by C programminglanguage C , APL, PPL, Scheme influenced operating ... stat.bell labs.com S stat.bell labs.com S S is a statistical programminglanguage developed primarily ... Labs Bell Laboratories . The aim of the language, as expressed by John Chambers, is to turn ideas into software, quickly and faithfully. The two modern implementations of S are R programminglanguage ... used in statistical computing, and is consistent with other programming languages designed from the same institution at the time namely the C programminglanguage C programminglanguage . When UNIX ... of the language. The New S Language ref cite book last Becker first R.A. authorlink coauthors Chambers, J.M., and Wilks, A.R. title The New S Language A Programming Environment for Data ... of double precision only arithmetic. The New S language is very similar to that used in modern versions of S plus S PLUS and R programminglanguage R . In 1991, Statistical Models in S ref cite .... See also R programminglanguage S PLUS References reflist External links http cm.bell labs.com stat ... in the Evolution of S , by John M. Chambers DEFAULTSORT S ProgrammingLanguage Category Statistical programming languages de S Statistiksprache fr S langage de programmation ko S ja S ru ... and generic S are listed among the 100 most popular programming languages. History Old S S is one ... . Many other changes to the S language were to extend the concept of objects , and to make the syntax ... stat doc 96.7.ps Evolution of the S Language , by John M. Chambers, discusses the new features in Version ... more details
right 200px The Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem , after Harry Nyquist and Claude Shannon , is a fundamental ... spaced 1 2 B seconds apart. blockquote The theorem is commonly called the Nyquist sampling theorem ..., it is also known as Nyquist Shannon Kotelnikov , Whittaker Shannon Kotelnikov , Whittaker Nyquist ... Nyquist sampling criterion. Introduction A signal or function is bandlimited if it contains no Energy ... f sub s sub in samples per unit time is math f s 2 B. math The quantity 2 B is called the Nyquist rate and is a property of the bandlimited signal, while f sub s sub 2 is called the Nyquist frequency .... This condition is called the Nyquist criterion , or sometimes the Raabe condition. If the original ... bound to the sampling frequency, 2 B , is called the Nyquist rate . If instead the sampling ..., of the signal to allow for perfect reconstruction. This upper bound is the Nyquist frequency , denoted ... 400px If the Nyquist sampling condition is not satisfied, adjacent copies overlap, and it is not possible ... aliasing filter restricts the bandwidth of x t to satisfy the Nyquist sampling criterion. Such a restriction ... the artifice of resampling a hypothetical continuous time reconstruction. The Nyquist criterion must ..., the Nyquist frequency. A function that is sufficient for that and all less severe cases is math H ... satisfies the Nyquist condition. ref Nonuniform Sampling, Theory and Practice ed. F. Marvasti , Kluwer ... Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem Beyond Nyquist Beyond Nyquist below using compressed sensing . In particular, the theory, using signal processing language, is described in this 2009 paper. ref ... are unknown, then it is necessary to sample at least at twice the Nyquist criteria in other words ... sampling requirements do not necessarily guarantee Numerical stability stability . Beyond Nyquist The Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem provides a necessary and sufficient condition sufficient condition ... the Whittaker Shannon interpolation formula , the Nyquist criterion is also a necessary condition ... more details
Image Raised cosine ISI.png thumb 400px Raised cosine response meets the Nyquist ISI criterion. Consecutive raised cosine impulses demonstrate the zero ISI property between transmitted symbols at the sampling instants. At t 0 the middle pulse is at its maximum and the sum of other impulses is zero. In communications, the Nyquist ISI criterion describes the conditions which, when satisfied by a Channel communications communication channel , result in no intersymbol interference or ISI. It provides a method for constructing band limited functions to overcome the effects of intersymbol interference. When consecutive symbols are transmitted over a channel by a linear modulation such as Amplitude shift keying ASK , Quadrature amplitude modulation QAM , etc. , the impulse response or equivalently the frequency response of the channel causes a transmitted symbol to be spread in the time domain. This causes intersymbol interference because the previously transmitted symbols affect the currently received symbol, thus reducing tolerance for noise . The Nyquist theorem relates this time domain condition to an equivalent frequency domain condition. The Nyquist criterion is closely related to the Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem , with only a differing point of view. Nyquist criterion If we denote the channel impulse response as math h t math , then the condition for an ISI free response can be expressed as math h n T s begin cases 1 & n 0 0 & n neq 0 end cases math for all integers math n math , where math T s math is the symbol data symbol period. The Nyquist theorem says that this is equivalent ... is the Fourier transform of math h t math . This is the Nyquist ISI criterion. This criterion can ... satisfy the Nyquist criterion, symbols can be transmitted over a channel with flat response within ... 1 math and math frac 1 T s sum k infty infty H left f frac k T s right 1 math . This is the Nyquist ... samples. See also Intersymbol interference Nyquist rate Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem Pulse shaping ... more details
Image Nyquist example.svg thumb 300px right The Nyquist plot for math G s frac 1 s 2 s 1 math . When designing a feedback control system, it is generally necessary to determine whether the closed loop .... In contrast, for a stable system the vehicle would continue to track the control input. The Nyquist stability criterion , named after Harry Nyquist , is a graphical technique for determining the stability of a system. Because it only looks at the Nyquist plot of the open loop systems, it can ... multiple inputs and multiple outputs , such as control systems for airplanes. While Nyquist is one ... stability Lyapunov . While Nyquist is a graphical technique, it only provides a limited ..., polar plot of the OLTF using the Nyquist criterion, as follows. Any Laplace domain transfer function ... paper by Harry Nyquist in 1932 uses a less elegant approach. The approach explained here is similar ... . This approach appears in most modern textbooks on control theory. The Nyquist criterion We first construct The Nyquist Contour , a contour that encompasses the right half of the complex plane ... clock wise to math 0 j infty math . The Nyquist Contour mapped through the function math 1 G s math ... is mapped through the open loop transfer function math G s math , the result is the Nyquist ... of math 1 G s math are same as the poles of math G s math , we now state The Nyquist Criterion Given a Nyquist contour math Gamma s math , let math P math be the number of poles of math G s math ... through feedback. The Nyquist criterion for systems with poles on the imaginary axis The above consideration ... systems with poles on the imaginary axis, the Nyquist Contour can be modified to avoid passing through ... of multiplicity math l math , then the Nyquist plot has a discontinuity at math omega 0 math . During ... Classical control ar ca Criteri de Nyquist cs Nyquistovo krit rium stability de Stabilit tskriterium von Nyquist it Criterio di Nyquist nl Nyquist stabiliteitscriterium pl ... more details
An audio programminglanguage is a programminglanguage specifically optimized for sound and music production or sound synthesis . Some of the languages below are optimized more for music composition, and some are optimized more for sound synthesis synthesis . For details, see the comparison of audio synthesis environments . abc notation abc , a language for notating music using the ASCII character set Advanced Music Production Language and Environment AMPLE , a Forth like music programminglanguage with concurrency ChucK , strongly timed, concurrent, and on the fly audio programminglanguage Cmix, Real time Cmix , a MUSIC N synthesis language somewhat similar to Csound CMusic Common Lisp Music ... language released under the GNU Lesser General Public License LGPL with many available unit generator s FAUST programminglanguage FAUST Functional Audio Stream , a functional compiled language for efficient real time audio signal processing Haskore Hierarchical Music Specification Language HMSL , optimized more for music than synthesis, developed in the 1980s in Forth programminglanguage Forth Impromptu programming environment Impromptu , a Scheme programminglanguage Scheme language environment ... graphics programming jMax , Java programminglanguage Java based MAX clone jMusic JSyn Liquidsoap http savonet.sourceforge.net Loco Audio ProgrammingLanguage Loco designed to be for sound what Logo programminglanguage Logo is for graphics http www.nici.kun.nl mmm papers dh 88 b.html Max MSP Music Macro Language MML MUSIC N , includes versions I, II, III, IV, IV B, IV BF, V, 11, and 360 Nsound http nsound.sourceforge.net , C API for sound synthesis NyquistprogramminglanguageNyquist OpenMusic PatchWork Pure Data PWGL Q Audio http q lang.sourceforge.net Ring Tone Transfer Language Soundscrape ... Language SAOL , part of the MPEG 4 Structured Audio standard SuperCollider SynthEdit http www.synthedit.com ... list Category Audio programming languages ... more details
Johnson Nyquist noise thermal noise , Johnson noise , or Nyquist noise is the electronic noise electronic noise physics noise generated by the thermal agitation of the charge carriers usually the electron s inside an electrical conductor at equilibrium, which happens regardless of any applied voltage . The generic, statistical physical derivation of this noise is called the fluctuation dissipation theorem , where generalized impedance or generalized susceptibility is used to characterize the medium. Thermal noise in an idealistic resistor is approximately white noise white , meaning that the power spectral density is nearly constant throughout the frequency spectrum however see the section below on extremely high frequencies . Additionally, the amplitude of the signal has very nearly a Normal distribution Gaussian probability density function . ref cite web url http focus.ti.com lit an slod006b slod006b.pdf title Op Amps For Everyone accessdate 2006 12 06 last Mancini first Ron coauthors others year 2002 month August format Portable Document Format PDF work Application Notes publisher Texas Instruments pages http focus.ti.com lit an slod006b slod006b.pdf page 148 p. 148 quote Thermal noise and shot noise see below have Gaussian probability density functions. The other forms of noise do not. ref History This type of noise was first measured by John B. Johnson at Bell Labs in 1926. ref http prola.aps.org pdf PR v29 i2 p350 1 Proceedings of the American Physical Society Minutes of the Philadelphia ... of the experiment ref He described his findings to Harry Nyquist , also at Bell Labs, who was able to explain the results. ref H. Nyquist, http link.aps.org abstract PR v32 p110 Thermal Agitation of Electric ... math http www.sengpielaudio.com calculator noise.htm Johnson Nyquist noise or thermal noise ... u.ac.jp sonoda notes nyquist random.ps Derivation of the Nyquist relation using a random ... ca Soroll t rmic de W rmerauschen es Ruido de Johnson Nyquist fr Bruit thermique it Rumore ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 Orphan date October 2008 A hybrid programminglanguage or hybrid level programminglanguage is a programminglanguage that allows different programming languages to share the same code sheet. For example, FreeBASIC has in line assembly language assembly so that low level programminglanguage lower level code can be allowed for high level programming. DEFAULTSORT Hybrid ProgrammingLanguage Category Programminglanguage classification ... more details
Humus is a programminglanguage based on Actor model . ref http www.dalnefre.com wp humus Humus Bot generated title ref References reflist Category Programming paradigms Category Programminglanguage classification Category Programminglanguage topics Prog lang stub ... more details
In computer software a general purpose programminglanguage GPL is a programminglanguage designed to be used for writing software in a wide variety of application domain s. In many ways a general purpose language only has this status because it does not include language constructs designed to be used within a specific application domain e.g., a page description language contains constructs intended to make it easier to write programs that control the layout of text and graphics on a page . A domain specific language is one designed to be used within a specific application domain. The following are some general purpose languages Ada programminglanguage Ada Assembly language BASIC programminglanguage C programminglanguage C C C Sharp programminglanguage C Cobol Fortran Java programminglanguage Java JavaScript Lisp programminglanguage Lisp Lua programminglanguage Lua Pascal programminglanguage Pascal PL I RPG programminglanguage RPG Perl Pike programminglanguage Pike PHP Python programminglanguage Python Ruby programminglanguage Ruby Scala programminglanguage Scala Tcl Category Programming languages ar de General Purpose Language es Lenguaje de programaci n de prop sito general hu ltal nos c l programoz si nyelv simple General purpose programminglanguage zh ... more details
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