Image OlmecheadMNAH.jpg right thumb Monument 6, San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan Image The Wrestler Olmec by DeLange.jpg right thumb The Wrestler sculpture The Wrestler , an Olmec era statuette, 1200 &ndash 800 BCE. Image Mexico.Tab.OlmecHead.01.jpg thumb right Monument 1, one of the four colossal Olmec heads at La Venta . This one is nearly convert 3 m ft tall. The Olmec were the first major civilization ... and Tabasco . The Olmec flourished during Mesoamerica s Mesoamerican chronology Formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 Common Era BCE to about 400 BCE. Pre Olmec cultures had flourished in the area since about 2500 BCE, but by 1600 1500 BCE Early Olmec culture had emerged .... ref See Pool, p. 2. Although there is wide agreement that the Olmec culture helped lay the foundations for the civilizations that followed, there is disagreement over the extent of the Olmec contributions, and even a proper definition of the Olmec culture . See Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures for a deeper treatment of this question. ref Among other firsts , the Olmec appeared to practice ..., particularly the aptly named colossal heads . ref See, as one example, Diehl, p. 11. ref The Olmec ... art market in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Olmec artworks are considered among ancient ... and archaeologist Miguel Covarrubias 1957 p. 50 says that Olmec pieces are among the world s masterpieces. ref Overview Image Olmec Heartland Overview 4.svg right thumb 350px The Olmec heartland where the Olmec reigned from 1400 400 BCE. The Olmec heartland is an archaeological term used to describe an area in the Gulf of Mexico Gulf lowlands that is generally considered the birthplace of the Olmec ... s Bay of Campeche . Here the Olmec constructed permanent city temple complexes at San Lorenzo Tenochtitl n ... a slightly earlier date of 1500 BCE p. 9 , but the same end date. Any dates for the start of the Olmec civilization or culture are problematic as its rise was a gradual process, most Olmec dates are based ... more details
Epi Olmec post Olmec may refer to Epi Olmec culture , pre Columbian archaeological culture area in the coastal Veracruz region of Mexico, ca. 300BCE&ndash 250CE Isthmian script , also known as Epi Olmec script, a Mesoamerican writing system Contrast with Olmec , earlier and distinct Mesoamerican archaeological culture and tradition, dating ca. 1200&ndash 400 BCE Olmeca Xicalanca , a Mesoamerican culture living in Mexico s Veracruz and Tabasco regions at the time of the 16thC Spanish conquest disambig ... more details
Image Olmec Heartland Overview 4.svg thumb 400px right The Olmec heartland. The yellow dots represent ancient habitation sites, while the red dots represent isolated artifact finds unassociated with any ancient town or village. Image The Wrestler Olmec by DeLange.jpg right 300px thumb The Wrestler sculpture The Wrestler , an Olmec era statuette, 1200 800 BCE. . Art historian George Kubler finds that the spiraling motion of the body, the multiplicity of profile, the coherent muscles, and the expressive estraint of the work set it apart as among the great works of sculpture of all ages . ref Kubler, p. 133. ref Michael Coe finds it one of the supreme examples of Olmec art . ref Coe 1989 p. 78. ref The Olmec heartland is the southern portion of Mexico s Gulf Coast of Mexico Gulf Coast region between the Tuxtla mountains and the Olmec archaeological site of La Venta , extending roughly 80 km 50 mi inland from the Gulf of Mexico coastline at its deepest. It is today, as it was during the height of the Olmec civilization, a tropical lowland forest environment, crossed by meandering rivers. Most researchers consider the Olmec heartland to be the home of the Olmec culture which became widespread over Mesoamerica from 1400 Common Era BCE until roughly 400 BCE. The area is also referred to as Olman or the Olmec Metropolitan Zone . ref See Diehl. ref The major heartland sites are San Lorenzo Tenochtitl n La Venta Tres Zapotes Laguna de los Cerros the least researched and least important of the major sites. Smaller sites include El Manat , an Olmec sacrificial bog. El Azuzul , on the southern edge of the San Lorenzo area. San Andr s Mesoamerican site San Andr s , near La Venta. Important ... also Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures References reflist aut Coe, Michael D. 1989 The Olmec ... on the Olmec , Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978 0521363327. aut Diehl, Richard A. 2004 The Olmecs ... title Category OlmecOlmec Heartland Category Geography of Mesoamerica es rea nuclear olmeca no Det ... more details
Taxobox name Atropoides olmec status LC status system iucn3.1 trend stable regnum Animalia phylum Chordata subphylum Vertebrata classis Reptilia ordo Squamata subordo Serpentes familia Viperidae subfamilia Crotalinae genus Atropoides species A. olmec binomial Atropoides olmec binomial authority P rez Higareda, H.M. Smith & Juli Zertuche, 1985 synonyms Porthidium olmec P rez Higareda, H.M. Smith & Juli Zertuche, 1985 A tropoides . olmec Werman, 1992 ref name McD99 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Tour T. 1999. Snake Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists League. 511 pp. ISBN 1 893777 00 6 series . ISBN 1 893777 01 4 volume . ref Common names Tuxtlan jumping pitviper, ref name C&L04 Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. 2 volumes. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0 8014 4141 2. ref Olmecan pitviper ref name VRO Sierra. 2003. Venomous Species of the World. http www.venomousreptiles.org libraries download 3722 Species 20list.pdf PDF at http www.venomousreptiles.org Venomousreptiles.org . Accessed 9 November 2007. ref Atropoides olmec is a venomous snake venomous Crotalinae pitviper species found in Mexico . No subspecies are currently recognized. ref name ITIS ITIS id 585758 taxon Atropoides olmec accessdate 14 September 2007 ref Description Extremely stout, females are known to reach a maximum of 77.0 cm in length, males 61.8 cm. ref name C&L04 Geographic range Found at elevations of 800 1,500 m in Mexico on the upper slopes of the Sierra de Los Tuxtlas in southern Veracruz . Also found in eastern Oaxaca , and from northwestern Chiapas to Guatemala . ref ..., 2001 . ref name ICUN Redlist species no 64301 genus Atropoides species olmec date 14 September ... Atropoides species olmec date 14 September year 2007 Category Crotalinae Category Reptiles of Mexico Category Reptiles of Guatemala fr Atropoides olmec zh ... more details
Image Small Olmec Figurines Met .jpg thumb right 350px A selection of tiny naturalistic Olmec ceramic .... Image Las Bocas Olmec baby face figurine Bookgrrrl .jpg right thumb 250px An archetypical baby face figurine from Las Bocas . small Aimee W. small This article on the Olmec figurine describes a number ... by the people of the Olmec heartland , they bear the hallmarks and motifs of Olmec culture. These figurines are usually found in household refuse, in ancient construction fill, and outside the Olmec heartland in graves, although many Olmec style figurines, particularly those labelled as Las Bocas ... and stones. Baby face figurines The wikt babyface baby face figurine is a unique marker of Olmec culture, consistently found in sites that show Olmec influence, ref Scott, p. 268. ref although they seem to be confined to the early Olmec period and are absent, for example, in La Venta. ref Coe 1989 ... not dissimilar to those worn by the Olmec colossal heads. ref Pohorilenko, p. 121 . ref Baby face ... of Gulf of Mexico Gulf Coast Olmec artifacts. Group 2 figurines are also slimmer than those of Group ... fulfilled some special role in the Olmec culture. What they represented, however, is not known. Michael Coe , says One of the great enigmas in Olmec iconography is the nature and meaning of the large, hollow, whiteware babies . ref Coe 1989 , p. 77. ref Image Olmec figurine, serpentine.jpg 150px left ... has been found in the Olmec heartland , however. The ears often have small holes for ear flares or other .... For another example, see Image Olmec jade man.jpg this Commons photo . Offering 4 at La Venta ..., facing the others. All of the figurines had similar classic Olmec features including bald elongated .... Image Olmec Seated Were Jaguar AMNH.jpg thumb right thumb A small jade were jaguar figurine. Stand ... by a human adult. Height 8.6 cm 3.4 in . Were jaguar motif The so called Olmec were jaguar were jaguar motif runs through much of Olmec art, from the smallest jade to the some of the largest basalt ... more details
. The religion of the Olmec people significantly influenced the social development and mythological world view of Mesoamerica . Scholars have seen echoes of Olmec supernaturals in the subsequent ... Mesoamerican civilization, the Olmec, developed on present day Mexico s southern Gulf Coast in the centuries ... of La Venta lay abandoned. The Olmec culture is often considered a mother culture to later Mesoamerican cultures. There is no surviving direct account of the Olmec s religious beliefs, unlike ... Olmec beliefs, most prominently ref Pool, p. 98. ref Typological analysis of Olmec iconography ... extending from Olmec times through later Mesoamerican cultures to the present .... Rulers, priests, and shamans Olmec religious activities were performed by a combination of rulers ..., with their links to the Olmec deities or supernaturals providing legitimacy for their rule. ref Diehl ... evidence for shamans in the Olmec archaeological record, particularly in the so called Olmec figurine .... Note the flame eyebrows . Olmec supernaturals Specifics concerning Olmec religion are a matter of some .... ref Over time Joralemon s viewpoint has become the predominant exposition of the Olmec pantheon. The study of Olmec religion, however, is still in its infancy and any list of Olmec supernaturals or deities ... of both the Olmec Dragon and the Bird Monster, and the cleft head is seen on all five supernaturals ... show any sexual characteristics which would indicate gender. ref Miller & Taube, p. 126. ref Olmec Dragon God I Also known as the Earth Monster, the Olmec Dragon has flame eyebrows, a bulbous nose, and bifurcated tongue. ref Pool, p. 117. Joralemon 1996 , p. 54. ref When viewed from the front, the Olmec .... 54. ref With the Bird Monster, the Olmec Dragon is one of the most commonly depicted supernaturals ... s God I B. ref Miller & Taube, p. 126. ref Image Seated Olmec Jaguar from San Lorenzo ..., pp. 56 58. ref Interestingly enough, Joralemon states that the Olmec rain spirit is based on were ... more details
Image Epi Olmec cultural area.svg 400px right thumb Important Epi Olmec sites The Epi Olmec culture was a cultural ... period , from roughly 300 BCE to roughly 250 CE. ref Diehl, p. 181. ref Epi Olmec was a successor culture to the Olmec , hence the prefix epi or post . Although Epi Olmec did not attain the far reaching ... the largest Epi Olmec centers though neither would reach the size and importance of the great Olmec cities before them nor El Taj n after them. Other Epi Olmec sites of note include ngel R. Cabada El ... 1 showing a person identified as Harvester Mountain Lord The rise of the Epi Olmec culture on the western edge of the Olmec heartland coincides with the depopulation of the eastern half of the Olmec heartland and the decline of the Olmec culture in general. The Epi Olmec culture represented a gradual transformation of, rather than a sharp break with, the Olmec culture. Many Olmec motif art motif s, for example, were employed by its successor culture. Tres Zapotes , one of the largest Olmec sites, continued as a regional center under the Epi Olmec culture. And daily life for the non elites continued ... Pool, p. 269 & p. 268. ref In contrast to earlier Olmec art, Epi Olmec art displays a general loss ... sculpture at Tres Zapotes, the Epi Olmec hierarchy is assumed to have been less centralized than its Olmec predecessor, perhaps featuring a factionalized ruling assembly rather than a single ... site layout and societal organization Epi Olmec sculpture Script and calendrics While the depiction ... 13 The Ambassador , Olmec sculpture was more pre occupied with the portraits of rulers, as is shown for example in the 17 colossal heads. In contrast, Epi Olmec monuments show an dramatic increasing .... 254. ref These dated transcriptions were made possible by the Epi Olmec culture s very early use ... systems writing system , the Epi Olmec script Epi Olmec or Isthmian script . The Isthmian script appears on several Epi Olmec sculptures including La Mojarra Stela 1 , the Tuxtla Statuette , and Tres ... more details
Image Olmec Heartland Overview 4.svg thumb 400px right The major centers of the Olmec heartland in yellow ... of Olmec influences on Mesoamerican cultures has been a subject of debate over many decades. Although the Olmec s are considered to be perhaps the earliest Mesoamerica n civilization , ref For example, see Diehl, The Olmecs America s First Civilization or Lovgren the Olmec are generally regarded ... much the Olmecs influenced culture s outside the Olmec heartland . This debate is succinctly, if simplistically ...? . ref Wilford. ref Olmec heartland Nearly all researchers agree on a number of specific issues concerning the Olmec and the Olmec Heartland The forebears of the Olmecs were Indigenous peoples indigenous to the Olmec heartland , ref Although nearly all researchers believe that the forebears of the Olmecs were indigenous to the Olmec heartland , noted researchers such as Guadalupe Martinez Donjuan ... of Guerrero to settle the Olmec heartland. see Martinez Donjuan 2000 ref and developed their civilization independent of other civilizations. The Olmec civilization arose in the Olmec heartland with the flowering ... hundred kilometers miles from the Olmec heartland, this bowl shows Olmec influences, particularly in the downturned mouth and almond eye of the so called Banded eye God. While some of the hallmarks of Olmec culture, such as Olmec Colossal heads colossal heads or other sculptures, earthen platforms, and monolith ic altars , are to be found only within the heartland, many Olmec style artifacts, designs ... hollow Olmec figurine Baby face motif baby face motif figurines and Olmec designs on ceramics. Chalcatzingo , in the Valley of Morelos , which features Olmec style reliefs on monuments and exposed rock. Teopantecuanitlan , in Guerrero , which also features Olmec style reliefs as well as city plans with distinctive Olmec features. San Jos Mogote , in Oaxaca , which features Olmec style pottery. San Jose Mogote is, like the larger Olmec site of La Venta , oriented 8 west of north. Other sites ... more details
Image 20041229 Olmec Head Museo Nacional de Antropolog a .jpg right 300px thumb San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan Colossal Head 6, a 3 meter high Olmec sculpture with lips and nose said to resemble African facial features. Olmec alternative origin speculations are explanations that have been suggested for the formation of Olmec civilization which contradict generally accepted scholarly consensus. These origin ... somewhat well known within popular culture , particularly the idea of an African connection to the Olmec ... and other pre Columbian research is that the Olmec and their achievements arose from ... the Olmec were related to peoples of Africa based primarily on their interpretation of facial features of Olmec statues. They additionally contend that epigraphical, genetic, and osteological evidence ... & Sons 1922 p. 271. ref and others claim that various Olmec and Epi Olmec script Epi Olmec symbols ... script, researchers have yet to translate Olmec glyphs. Genetic evidence Genetic and immunological ... de las Mesas . Tlatilco is a site in the Valley of Mexico . Although outside the Olmec heartland , Olmec influences appear in the architectural record. The crania were from the Pre Classic period, contemporary with the Olmec. Cerro de las Mesa is within the Olmec heartland, although according to Wiercinski ... period is generally defined to start around AD 250, or 600 years after the end of the Olmec culture ... Stela 3 see Olmec alternative origin speculations Olmecs as Nordics Olmecs as Nordics is a representative ... of his paper, Wiercinski compared the physiognomy of the skeletons to corresponding examples of Olmec sculptures and bas reliefs on the stela s. For example, Wiercinski states that the colossal Olmec .... ref http www.icb.ufmg.br lbem pdf gonzalez2008ajpa americapeopling.pdf ref Image Olmec mask at Met.jpg thumb right 250px thumb A jade Olmec mask. Gordon Ekholm, who was an eminent archaeologist and curator at the American Museum of Natural History , suggested that the Olmec art style might have ... more details
Orphan date January 2012 Infobox Film name Nikte director Ricardo Arnaiz released 2009 runtime 86 min country Mexico language Spanish Nikte is a 2009 animated film. Plot The story starts with a girl and her family are at La Venta park. The girl only thinks about herself & family goes with the tour guide while she stays at the entrance listening to her music. She leans on the Olmec head and discovers something in the Olmec head which she is transferred back to the times of Olmec. External links http tecpaocelotl.livejournal.com 21101.html Movie Review imdb title id tt1455676 title Nikte Category Mexican films Category 1997 films Category Indigenous film in Latin America 1990s Mexico film stub ... more details
Image The Wrestler Olmec by DeLange.jpg right 300px thumb The Wrestler is an Olmec basalt statuette, likely ... sculptures of the Olmec culture. The near life size figure has been praised not only for its realism ..., also known formally as Antonio Plaza Monument 1 as well as El Luchador Olmeca Spanish, the Olmec ... unusual for Olmec art, the shoulders are not situated directly above the hips, but twisted slightly ... the highly stylized Artificial cranial deformation cranial deformation found in many Olmec figurines ... in Olmec sculpture which appear on only a few relief s such as Image La Venta Stela 3 detail.png ... free flowing than other three dimensional Olmec sculptures than, for example, San Martin Pajapan .... ref Miller, p. 23. See also Honour, p. 110, who says that Other surviving Olmec sculptures are entirely different, rigidly frontal and rigorously symmetrical . ref Subject and dating Image Olmec ... halfway between the major Olmec centers of San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan and La Venta , in the middle of the Olmec heartland . Despite its name, it is unlikely that the figure represents a wrestler and it is thought ... recent works such as Miller or Diehl, although Karl Taube finds the argument reasonable Olmec ... , ref name Miller, p. 23 others consign it to a period closer to 400 BCE, near the end of the Olmec culture. This dating is based largely on its dissimilarities to earlier formalistic Olmec sculptures ... that the art reflects a transition to a post Olmec style. ref Michael Coe simply assigns it to the period ... for much of the known Olmec art ref Except where noted, this section is based on Milbrath, p. 17. ref ... seated Olmec figures almost invariably have a broad base, this figure s base is narrow in proportion to its torso. The rotation of the upper body is unique in surviving Olmec sculptures, as is its ... of Olmec artifacts, Williams and Heizer found that the basalt is distinctive and . . . no other monument ... posture, recent publication of scholarly material on Olmec jades, and an urgent interest among ... more details
greenstone , trade which likely facilitated the Olmec influence seen within the culture, and may ... thumb Tlapacoya Clay Bowl, pigmented, 1200 900 BCE, showing Olmec motifs including a downturned mouth ..., and ceramics known as the Early Horizon also known as the Olmec or San Lorenzo Horizon , Mesoamerica ... objects. Elaborate burials with grave offerings. Olmec style decorations, motifs, designs, and figurines such as the hollow Olmec figurine Baby face motif baby face figurines or the pilli style costumed males. The Olmec influence is unmistakable. One survey of Tlatilco graves found that Olmec style .... That is, no correlation was found between the markers of high status and Olmec style objects, and although larger numbers of Olmec style objects were found in rich graves, they constituted a smaller ... & Joralemon, p. 13. Tolstoy defines separate Coapexco and Ayotla phases p. 283 . ref The Olmec ... of the Ayotla Coapexco phase. ref Tolstoy, who says that the Olmec style artifacts pervade general ... to those of nude females, and Olmec derived iconography evolves into a more native appearance, changes ... dynamic city in the Valley of Mexico, eclipsing Tlatilco and Tlapacoya. See also Olmec figurine ... A. authorlink Christopher Pool year 2007 title Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica location ... and Tlatilco sites with Olmec materials in the Basin of Mexico , Regional Perspectives on the Olmec ... more details
1 is a greenstone archaeology greenstone figure of a youth holding a limp Olmec were jaguar were jaguar baby. Found in the Political divisions of Mexico Mexican state of Veracruz in the Olmec heartland , the statue is famous for its incised representations of Olmec supernaturals and is considered by some a Rosetta stone of Olmec religion. ref Diehl, p. 101. ref The largest known Greenstone archaeology ... babies appear often in the Olmec archaeological record, from Image Olmec Figurine holding infant Met ... as the Olmec Dragon. The X like symbol here covering the eye is also seen on the were jaguar baby s chest. It is a common Olmec motif. Image Las Limas left shoulder.svg right 150px thumb Figure ... are a common Olmec motif. Image Las Limas left leg.svg right 150px thumb Figure from left leg, generally identified as the Fish or Shark Monster br br Incisions see Olmec religion The faces of four ... supernaturals show several common Olmec motifs, in particular the cleft head. Las Limas Hypothesis Monument 1 s iconography has led noted Olmec scholar Michael D. Coe to develop the Las Limas Hypothesis ... of the Olmec pantheon gods pantheon . ref Coe 1968 . ref Coe s student, Peter Joralemon, added three more deities to the five in his widely cited 1971 paper on Olmec iconography. ref Joralemon 1971 ... de Antropolog a de Xalapa, in Veracruz. clear Image Olmec Heartland Overview 4.svg thumb 400px right Las Limas, in relation to the other Olmec heartland sites. The yellow dots represent ancient ... Coe, Michael D. 1968 Discovering the Olmec , American Heritage. The Antiquities Market , in Journal ..., N mero 10 Enero Febrero 1997. es icon aut Joralemon, Peter David 1996 In Search of the Olmec ... eds. , Olmec Art of Ancient Mexico . Washington, D.C. National Gallery of Art 51 60. ISBN 0 89468 ... 2007 Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica , Cambridge University Press, UK. aut Reilly, F. Kent 1995 http www.famsi.org reports 94031 index.html Olmec style Iconography , http www.famsi.org ... more details
Image Olmec Heartland Overview 4.svg right thumb 350px The Olmec heartland . Tres Zapotes is a Mesoamerican ... River plain. Tres Zapotes is sometimes referred to as the third major Olmec capital after San Lorenzo Tenochtitl n and La Venta , although Tres Zapotes Olmec phase constitutes only a portion of the site s history, ref Stirling, p. 5. ref which continued through the Epi Olmec culture Epi Olmec and Classic Veracruz culture Classic Veracruz cultural periods. The 2000 year existence of Tres ... Epi Olmec period, 300 Common Era BCE to 250 CE. History Olmec Founded some time in the centuries ... Olmec Colossal heads colossal heads date from this period. ref Pool, p. 152. ref It was near ... Pool, p. 250 And, unlike the Olmec site of La Venta, Tres Zapotes was not abandoned at the close of the Middle Formative period, circa ca. 400 BCE, nor was it immediately affected by the folding of the Olmec culture in the eastern Olmec heartland . However, during the next several hundred years, the Olmec culture at Tres Zapotes and on the western edge of the Olmec heartland would be gradually transformed into what has come to be called the Epi Olmec culture Epi Olmec or post Olmec culture . Epi Olmec Most of the monumental sculpture at Tres Zapotes is epi Olmec, dating from the Late Formative ... show, as do Tres Zapotes ceramics, a continuity with and yet a gradual change away from Olmec ... Charles .jpg Altar 4 but while the Olmec altar refers to a mythical event, Stela D s content is historical ... to suggest that Izapa heavily influenced Tres Zapotes Epi Olmec artistic conventions, or even that Tres Zapotes Epi Olmec styles developed from the Izapan style. ref See Coe 1965 , p. 769 and 773, who also conversely suggests that possibility that the Izapan style developed from Epi Olmec. ref However, recent scholarship instead highlights their descent from a common ancestor, the Olmec culture ... similarities with earlier Olmec sculptures, though, Tres Zapotes Epi Olmec sculpture appears to lack ... more details
period , a cache of some 800 jade items, some dating from Olmec civilization hundreds of years earlier ... script Epi Olmec or Isthmian script . ref Kaufman & Justeson, p. 2. ref Notes reflist References ..., John S., and Kaufman, Terrence 2001 http www.albany.edu anthro maldp EOTEXTS.pdf Epi Olmec Hieroglyphic Writing and Texts . Pool, Christopher 2007 Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica , Cambridge ..., Benson Atlas of Ancient America Facts on File. DEFAULTSORT Cerro De Las Mesas Category Epi Olmec ... more details
other uses Las Bocas, Sonora Image Las Bocas Olmec baby face figurine Bookgrrrl .jpg 150px right thumb An archetypical Olmec figurine Baby face figurines baby face figurine from Las Bocas. br Aimee W, used with permission. Image Olmec style bottle 1.jpg thumb right 150px An Olmec style bottle, reputedly from Las Bocas, 1100 800 BCE. Las Bocas is a minor archaeological site in the Mexican state of Puebla , whose name has become attached, often erroneously, to a wide ranging type of Olmec style figurines and pottery. The Las Bocas site, part of the Balsas River basin, was heavily plundered in the 1960s by looters looking for Olmec pottery and figurines. As the prestige associated with Las Bocas artifacts grew, that label was given to many similar artifacts and occasional forgeries of unknown origin. ref Grove. ref The high numbers of artifacts attributed to the site are implausible at best , ref Pool, p. 210, who states that the plunder of Las Bocas is one of the most egregrious examples of looting in the annals of Mesoamerica n archaeology. ref and as a result, the term Las Bocas has now little archaeological significance. The first systematic archaeological investigation of Las Bocas was begun by David Grove in 1967. In 1997, the archaeologist Maria de la Cruz Paill s Hern ndez started the first of her three seasons at the site. Notes reflist References Grove, David C. 2000 Bocas, Las Puebla, Mexico , in Archaeology of Ancient Mexico & Central America an Encyclopedia Routledge, London. Paill s Hern ndez, Maria de la Cruz http www.famsi.org reports 99041 index.html Las Bocas, Puebla, Archaeological Project , http www.famsi.org Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc. , accessed March 2007. Pool, Christopher 2007 Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica , Cambridge University Press. External links http www.famsi.org reports 99041 section15.htm Photos from ... of Ancient America Facts on File. Category Olmec sites Mesoamerica stub archaeology stub es Las ... more details
Image Formative Era sites.svg thumb right 350px Zazacatla, nearby Formative Era sites, and the Olmec heartland. Zazacatla is a pre Columbian archaeological site of Mesoamerica s central Mexican plateau region, dating to the mid Formative period of Mesoamerican chronology . The site was first excavated in 2006 underneath a modern commercial and housing development site, some 13 km 8.1mi south of Cuernavaca , capital of the Mexico Mexican state of Morelos , and 40 km 25mi south of Mexico City . Initial investigations by archaeologists from Mexico s National Institute of Anthropology and History INAH reported finding evidence of Olmec cultural influences at the site, the first such known for the western Morelos region. ref Lovgren 2007 , p.2. ref Site description A fraction of Zazacatla s ceremonial center has been investigated, amounting to some 9,000 m approx. 2.2 acre s of excavations ... Era BCE , making it roughly contemporary with the Olmec center of La Venta , 400 km 250 mi to the east. Several sculptures of what appear to be Olmec style priests have been uncovered. These sculptures, as well as Olmec style architecture, have led to speculation on the role that Olmec culture ... Olmec styles when they changed from a simpler egalitarian society to a more complex hierarchical ... investigations had further developed. ref Garc a 2007 . ref Notes reflist See also Olmec influences ... cite news author aut Lovgren, Stefan date 2007 01 26 title Ancient City Found in Mexico Shows Olmec ... de Lara, Jorge year 2007 title Olmec Discovery at Zazacatla url http www.mesoweb.com reports Zazacatla.html ... Stevenson, Mark date 2007 01 25 title Olmec influenced city found in Mexico url http www.msnbc.msn.com ... Olmec Style Effigies from Zazacatla , photographs by Jorge P rez de Lara, reproduced at Mesoweb http www.flickr.com photo zoom.gne?id 377296285&size o Photo of the Olmec style sculptures note the downturned ... sites Category Olmec sites Category Former populated places in Mexico Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
Caterina Magni born 1966 is an Italian born French archaeologist and anthropologist , who specialises in the study of pre Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica , and in particular the iconography, art and Olmec mythology mythology and religion of the Olmec civilization. From 2001 Magni has held a Ma tre de conf rences position in Mesoamerican archaeology at the University of Paris IV Paris Sorbonne , Paris . Magni has authored a number of articles on Olmec figurine Olmec iconography for scientific journals, and two books. She is a member of the Soci t Arch ologique du Midi de la France SAMF . Published works Published works by Magni include authored books&mdash cite book author Magni, Caterina year 1999 title Arch ologie du Mexique les Olm ques location Paris publisher ditions Artcom isbn 2 912741 24 6 oclc 43630189 fr icon cite book author Magni, Caterina year 2003 title Les Olm ques des origines au mythe location Paris publisher ditions du Seuil isbn 2 02 054991 3 oclc 52385926 fr icon External links http www.etudiants.paris4.sorbonne.fr fr article.php3?id article 2909 Curriculum vitae MAGNI, Caterina at Paris Sorbonne Paris IV fr icon http www.clio.fr espace culturel caterina magni.asp Caterina Magni portrait , Clio fr icon Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Magni, Caterina ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1966 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Magni, Caterina Category 1966 births Category Living people Category French Mesoamericanists Category Italian Mesoamericanists Category Olmec scholars Category French archaeologists Category French anthropologists Category Women anthropologists Category University of Paris faculty Category 20th century Mesoamericanists Category 21st century Mesoamericanists mesoamerica stub fr Caterina Magni ... more details
Image Jaguarbaby.jpg thumb right 300px thumb A stone Olmec were jaguar, showing common were jaguar characteristics ..., and a crossed bars icon on the chest The were jaguar was both an Olmec motif visual arts motif ... widely in the Olmec archaeological record, and in many cases, under the principle of pars pro ... represents the whole. This principle is common in Olmec art See, among others, Joralemon, p. 51 ... was once considered to be the primary deity of the Olmec culture but is now thought to be only one ... , a large member of the cat family in the Olmec heartland , on analogy with werewolf . Description ..., the were jaguar became the reigning linchpin of Olmec iconography. Nearly any representation .... ref A major 1965 Olmec oriented exhibition was entitled The Jaguar s Children and referred to the were jaguar as the divine power of the Olmec civilization . ref Coe 1965 , p. 123. ref This paradigm ... proposed definitions for eight Olmec supernaturals, each characterised by specific iconographic combinations. clear Image Seated Olmec Jaguar from San Lorenzo, Veracruz.jpg right thumb 200px Monument ... equating it with the Olmec rain deity, ref e.g. Pool, p. 116, or Pohorilenko. ref a proposition that artist ... . ref See Covarrubias 1986 pg. 99, where he says stylistic evidence shows that the Olmec jaguar mask is an early form of the rain god . ref The Olmec rain supernatural or deity not only displays the characteristic ... of the Olmec rain supernatural were jaguar are found in Miller & Taube p. 126 , Joralemon 1996 , and Pohorilenko p. 125 . Interestingly enough, while Joralemon finds that the Olmec rain supernatural ... cannot explain the diversity and complexity of Olmec supernaturals. Only one, the Rain Baby, clearly ... absent from ceramics, ref Joralemon, p. 56. ref three dimensional representations of the Olmec ... greenstone figurines Image Olmec Seated Were Jaguar AMNH.jpg see this 9 cm figurine to basalt ... Olmec discoveries in the mid 20th century, proposed that the were jaguar motif was derived ... more details
of maize cultivation from 20th century BC 2000 BCE . Image Olmec Heartland Overview 4.svg thumb right 375px San Andr s and La Venta in the context of the Olmec heartland The first evidence of Olmec ... before 350 BCE. This date coincides with the abandonment of the La Venta and the dissolution of the Olmec ... have made quick work of organic substances, including Olmec skeletal remains, the multi disciplinary ... of an Olmec writing system Image Proposed Olmec glyphs San Andres .svg thumb right 150px thumb San Andr s ... that the Olmec civilization used a true writing system . These artifacts, dated very roughly ... calendars calendar date and, in keeping with Mesoamerican custom, the name of an Olmec ruler. In addition ... Bower. ref while Richard A. Diehl , who excavated at the Olmec site of San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan with Coe, finds that this discovery establishes the existence of Olmec writing and calendrics by 650 ... to await further research. See also El Manat an Olmec archaeological site where, like San Andr s, water ..., Mary authorlink coauthors aut Kevin O. Pope , and aut Christopher von Nagy year 2002 month title Olmec ... , and aut Kevin Pope 2004 http www.famsi.org reports 01047 01047.pdf Olmec Civilization at San ... DEFAULTSORT San Andres Category Olmec sites Category Former populated places in Mexico pt San Andr s ... more details
time it had begun to be overtaken by the Olmec center of La Venta . By 800 BCE, there was little ... Olmec Heartland Overview 4.svg right thumb 350px San Lorenzo and the Olmec heartland . Archaeological ... . ref INAH ref . The original Olmec name of the area, like nearly all of the Olmec language, is unknown ... D. 1967 San Lorenzo and the Olmec Civilization , in Dumbarton Oaks Conference on the Olmec , Dumbarton ... to Symbols Olmec Art in Social Context at San Lorenzo Tenochtitl n , in Social Patterns in Pre Classic ... Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica location Cambridge publisher Cambridge University Press isbn 978 0 521 78882 3 See also El Azuzul , a small Olmec site just southeast of San Lorenzo Tenochtitl n and perhaps part of the complex. Tres Zapotes , a major Olmec and post Olmec site roughly 100 ... avfig1.gif Map of San Lorenzo and other Olmec sites http www.delange.org SanLorenzo SanLorenzo.htm ... Olmec sites Category Archaeology of the Americas Category Former populated places in Mexico ... more details
Tuxtla may refer to Cities and towns Tuxtla Guti rrez , capital of the Mexican state of Chiapas San Andr s Tuxtla , Veracruz Santiago Tuxtla , Veracruz Tuxtla Chico , Chiapas Other Los Tuxtlas , region of Veracruz Sierra de los Tuxtlas , mountain range in Veracruz Tuxtla Statuette , early Olmec relic Tuxtla Quail dove , bird of the Columbidae family disambig Category Asteraceae genera es Tuxtla nl Tuxtla ... more details
Mokaya is the term used to describe pre Olmec cultures of the Soconusco region in Mexico and parts of the Pacific coast of western Guatemala , an archaeological culture that developed a number of Mesoamerica s earliest known sedentary settlements. The Soconusco region is generally divided by archaeologists into three adjacent zones along the coast&mdash the Lower Naranjo River R o Naranjo region along the Pacific coast of western Guatemala , Acapetahua, and Mazat n Chiapas Mazat n both on the Pacific coast of modern day Chiapas , Mexico . The term Mokaya was coined by archaeologists to mean corn people in an early form of the Mixe Zoquean languages Mixe Zoquean language, which the Mokaya supposedly spoke. ref Pool 2007 ref The Mokaya are thought to have been among the first cultures in Mesoamerica to develop a hierarchical society, which arose in the Early Formative or Preclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology , at a time late 2nd millennium Common Era BCE slightly before similar traits were evident among the early Olmec centers of the Olmec heartland Gulf Coast region . Notes reflist References refbegin indent yes cite book author Clark, John E. authorlink John E. Clark coauthors and Michael Blake year 1996 chapter The Power of Prestige Competitive Generosity and the Emergence of Rank Societies in Lowland Mesoamerica editor Robert W. Preucel and Ian Hodder eds. edition 4th 2004 reprinting, pbk location Oxford, UK title Contemporary Archaeology in Theory publisher Wiley Blackwell pages 258 281 isbn 0 631 19559 9 oclc 34243912 cite book author Pool, Christopher A. year 2007 title Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica series Cambridge World Archaeology series location Cambridge and New York publisher Cambridge University Press isbn 978 0 521 78882 3 oclc 68965709 refend coord missing Guatemala Category Mesoamerican cultures Category Pre Columbian cultures of Mexico Category Archaeological sites in Guatemala Category Archaeological sites in Mexico Category Former ... more details
Olmec writing, in which they further claimed that a newly discovered text section from the stela had ... Kaufman 1993 , A Decipherment of Epi Olmec Hieroglyphic Writing in Science , Vol. 259, 19 March 1993 ... Olmec Decipherment , Science , Vol. 277, 11 July 1997, pp. 207 10. Justeson, John S., and Terrence Kaufman 2001 http www.albany.edu anthro maldp EOTEXTS.pdf Epi Olmec Hieroglyphic Writing and Texts . Lo, Lawrence http www.ancientscripts.com epiolmec.html Epi Olmec , at http www.ancientscripts.com ... reports 05084 index.html Photographic Documentation of Monuments with Epi Olmec Script ..., Angela M. H. 1997 http cat.he.net archaeol online news la.mojarra.html Epi Olmec Decipherment ... Olmec highres.html High resolution image of the Isthmian glyph table http www.kennethgarrett.com ... systems Category Undeciphered writing systems Category Epi Olmec ca Escriptura epi olmeca de Isthmus ... more details
is one of the rare Olmec style portrayals of human on human dominance, ref The other two prominent ... is a painting of a red Olmec mythology Feathered Serpent with green plumes, near a red jaguar ... with any large town of that period. It is also not known how Olmec influenced art came to be painted hundreds of kilometres or miles from the Olmec heartland . Caves are prominent on many Olmec style monuments several Olmec La Venta Altars 4 & 5 altar s depict shaman s or rulers emerging from caves ... has been cut into the red clay floor of the cave. The purpose of this canal is not known. See also Olmec ... antiquity.ac.uk ProjGall coe index.html Image of an Olmec ruler at Juxtlahuaca, Mexico , Antiquity ... on File. Category Mesoamerican sites Category Cave sites in Mesoamerican archaeology Category Olmec ... more details
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