about authority as a concept refimprove date November 2008 Authority from the Latin auctoritas is a rights right conferred by recognized social position . Authority often refers to power vested in an individual or organization by the State polity state . Authority can also refer to recognized expert expertise in an area of academic knowledge. An Authority capitalized refers to a governing body upon which certain authority with lower case a is vested for example, the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority . Authority in various settings Politics In government , authority is the scope of an entity ... of the government s overall power. For example, a government might have the authority to execute ... the power to do all of the above things, but still lack the authority because the actions would not be legitimate. Political authority can also be seen in situations that are typically considered apolitical. Agarwal n.d. In truth bestowing authority is a function of any social institution . A corporation ... s members are not authorized to hire employees. This authority is passed down through ... an authority on a subject matter if their expertise is well established. This means that any ... an authority on wood, for example. Governmental agencies Every state has a number of institutions which exercise authority based on longstanding practices. Apart from this, every state sets up agencies .... One example would be a port authority like the Port of London . They are usually created by special ... along the same lines and they exercise authority in certain matters. They are usually required to support ... In contemporary social science, the nature of authority is a matter of debate. According to Michaels, in the Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, authority is the capacity, innate or acquired for exercising ascendancy over a group. Other scientists argue that authority is not a capacity but a relationship ... of political authority, the location of sovereignty , the balancing of freedom and authority cf. Cristi ... more details
Other uses2 Authority multiple issues refimprove July 2010 original research July 2010 rewrite November ... Group section name The Authority image The Authority Team by Quitely.jpg imagesize default 250 caption The Authority, as featured on the cover for the Under New Management trade paperback. From left ... debuthead debut The Authority vol. 1 1 May 1999 debutmo May debutyr 1999 creators Warren Ellis br Bryan ... Category section cat teams subcat altcat hero y villain sortkey Authority, The addgrpcat addpubcat The Authority is a superhero comic book published by DC Comics under the Wildstorm imprint. It was created by Warren Ellis and Bryan Hitch , and follows the adventures of the Authority, a superhero ... The founding members of the Authority were Jenny Sparks , The Spirit of the Twentieth Century also the group ... Engineer a.k.a. Angela Spica . Jack Hawksmoor comics Jack Hawksmoor , The God of Cities leader of the Authority ... Century leader of the Authority from 2005 to 2008. br After the Revolution maxi series, new members of the Authority included Habib ben Hassan , Thorndike s successor as the Doctor Wildstorm Doctor ... , previously of Gen 13 . br The Authority s base of operations is the Carrier , a gigantic interdimensional ... and could be considered an additional member of the team. Storylines Main List of The Authority story arcs Publication history Volume 1 Ellis Hitch era Image Authority Widescreen by Hitch.jpg right thumb The Cover of the cancelled Authority Widescreen br By Bryan Hitch . In 1999, Warren Ellis and Bryan Hitch introduced readers to the Authority, a team of superheroes who promised to get the job ... I turned their STORMWATCH into THE AUTHORITY is that I found out that, despite the fact that no one ... so struck by Bryan Hitch s STORMWATCH issues, that the train of thought that led to THE AUTHORITY ... the wildstorm legacy publisher The Beat accessdate 22 September 2010 ref The Ellis Hitch run of The Authority ... Authority Issue 19.jpg left thumb Cover to 19. Art by Frank Quitely br Cover featuring Swift. Replacing ... more details
Electricity Authority may refer to British Electricity Authority Central Electricity Authority UK , United Kingdom Central Electricity Authority of India Electricity Authority of Cambodia Electricity Authority of Cyprus Electricity Authority NZ , New Zealand Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand Manx Electricity Authority See also Electricity Commission disambiguation disambiguation Category Electricity authorities ... more details
Conservation Authority may refer to Canada Conservation authority Canada New Zealand New Zealand Conservation Authority Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority disambig Category Conservation ... more details
About Authority management Authority disambiguation Refimprove date December 2008 Authority in management is the formal or legitimate authority specified in a charter that gives a project manager the authority to act in the name of the sponsoring corporate officer executive or on behalf on the organization Citation needed date February 2010 . There are different types of authority ref http www.pmhut.com grabbing project management authority E2 80 93 building from scratch Grabbing Project Management Authority Building from Scratch Thomas Cutting, October 3, 2008 ref Positional authority refers to the project manager s authority enforced through the project charter. Coercive authority also referred as penalty authority refers to motivating staff by punishment and is predicated on fear of losing status, positions, bonuses or jobs. Expert authority is earned if the team respects one s skills as a project manager or subject matter expert. Referent authority refers to the ability to influence others through charisma, personality, and charm. Reward authority refers to positive reinforcement and the ability to award something of value. See also Government authority Power philosophy References references Category Project management ... more details
High Authority may refer to High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community , the original executive body of the former European Coal and Steel Community. High authority for the struggle against discrimination and for equality , a French anti discrimination body. disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Natural Authority is the authority a person exerts that is innate to them rather than being drawn from some external body. Natural authority relies on factors such as charisma , negotiating skills , assertiveness and self confidence rather than law , political position, wealth or standing in an organization. Natural authority can also refer to authority that comes about naturally in social situations instead of intentionally, such as wisdom , knowledge or technical ability which one person or a group of people has that another individual or group does not. Natural authority in this sense is seen by anarchism anarchists as the only form of legitimate authority in society, because it is seen by anarchists as beneficial and fundamental to human relationships. DEFAULTSORT Natural Authority Category Anarchism Category Social psychology Category Positions of authority ... more details
A competent authority is any person or organization that has the legally delegated or invested authority, capacity, or power to perform a designated function. similarly, once an authority is delegated to perform a certain act, only the competent authority is entitled to take accounts therefrom and no one else. Borrowing Authority when the services of a certain class of individuals are entrusted to one of the authority other than the appointing authority,the former will be the borrowing authority. Borrowing Authority will be authorised to look into the performance of individuals with respect to the task so assigned to them. Borrowing Authority , service conduct when it appears to the borroiwing authority the conduct of the individuals not in accordance with the standard prescribed, it will move in writing to the appointing authority the conduct so observed with the evidence so brought on record for proceedings therein. Appointing Authority ,however is not competent to proceed against the individual without such sort of complaint in writing by the authority which delegated the task. Such proceedings if so initiated without any formsal complaint will be corum non judice . Based on the Basel Convention , it is any national agency responsible under its national law for the control or regulation of a particular aspect of the transportation of hazardous materials dangerous goods . The term Appropriate Authority, as used in the International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO Technical Instructions, has the same meaning as Competent Authority. Category Legal terms Law term stub ... more details
Divine authority may refer to God , or God s power, Divine right of kings claims of divinity or authority such as in the titular king of kings Mandate of Heaven the Eastern version of the divine right of kings God Emperor various rulers who claim a divine relationship Scripture the authority of religious texts Sola scriptura the concept that the Bible alone has authority disambig ... more details
Wiktionarypar authorityAuthority may refer to Authority management , formal or legitimate, specified in a charter Authority sociology , the legitimate or socially approved use of power Authority textual criticism , its reliability as a witness to the author s intentions Appeal to authority , type of argument in logic Authority control , term used in library and information science High Authority disambiguation , refers to several executive organizations or branches Police authority UK , body charged with securing efficient and effective control of a territorial police area Public benefit corporation Public authority or public benefit corporation , a government chartered corporation such as a transit authority The Authority , superhero comic book published by DC Comics, under the Wildstorm imprint The Authority , listed in Characters of His Dark Materials Authority , a grading of a blog s worthiness, used by Technorati one of two scores assigned by the HITS algorithm , a scheme used for ranking web pages also known as Hubs and authorities See also Authoritarian personality , influential theory, developed in a 1950 book, by several UC Berkeley psychologists Authoritarianism , describes a form of government characterized by an emphasis on the authority of the state in a republic or union disambig sk Autorita ... more details
. class wikitable River Authority River Board Areas The Northumbrian River Authority. The Northumberland ... and Hull River Authority The Hull and East Yorkshire River Board area and the Yorkshire Ouse River Board area The Trent river authority Trent River Authority The Trent River Board area The Lincolnshire River Authority The Lincolnshire River Board area The Welland and Nene River Authority The Welland River Board area and the Nene River Board area The Great Ouse River Authority The Great Ouse River Board area The East Suffolk and Norfolk River Authority The East Suffolk and Norfolk River Board area The Essex River Authority The Essex River Board area The Kent River Authority The Kent River Board area The Sussex River Authority The East Sussex River Board area and the West Sussex River Board area The Hampshire River Authority The Hampshire River Board area The Isle of Wight River Authority The Isle of Wight River Board area The Avon and Dorset River Authority The Avon and Dorset River Board area The Devon River Authority The Devon River Board area The Cornwall River Authority The Cornwall River Board area The Somerset River Authority The Somerset River Board area The Bristol Avon River Authority The Bristol Avon River Board area The Severn River Authority The Severn River Board area The Wye River Authority The Wye River Board area The Usk River Authority The Usk River Board area The Glamorgan River Authority The Glamorgan River Board area The South West Wales River Authority The South West Wales River Board area The Gwynedd River Authority The Gwynedd River Board area The Dee and Clwyd River Authority The Dee and Clwyd River Board area The Mersey and Weaver River Authority The Mersey River Board area and the Cheshire River Board area The Lancashire River Authority The Lancashire River Board area The Cumberland River Authority The Cumberland River Board area The river authorities were abolished in 1973, with their powers and duties passing to the Regional Water Authority ... more details
A housing authority or ministry of housing is generally a governmental body that governs some aspect of the territory s housing, often providing low rent or free apartments to qualified residents. Specific housing authorities Hong Kong Housing Authority Ministry of Housing and Local Government UK, historic United States Housing Authority United States, historic Boston Housing Authority Chicago Housing Authority New York City Housing Authority Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles Toronto Community Housing Corporation Department of Building and Housing New Zealand , formerly the Ministry of Housing, New Zealand See also Public housing disambig ... more details
A Competition Authority is the name given to a competition regulator in certain countries. It is a government agency , typically a creature of statute statutory authority , sometimes called an Regulator economics economic regulator , which administrative law regulate s and enforces competition law s, and may sometimes also enforce consumer protection laws. In addition to such agencies there is often another body responsible for formulating competition policy . The term competition authority used in a specific sense may refer to one of the following Competition Authority Ireland Jersey Competition Regulatory Authority Netherlands Competition Authority Norwegian Competition Authority Disambig ... more details
Infobox Government agency agency name Harrisburg Authority logo Harrisburg Authority logo.gif logo width 300px formed 1957 preceding1 Harrisburg Sewerage Authority dissolved superseding jurisdiction Dauphin County, Pennsylvania headquarters 212 Locust Street, Suite 302 br Harrisburg, Pennsylvania employees budget chief1 name Michele T. V. Torres chief1 position Executive Director agency type Municipal Authority Pennsylvania municipal authority parent agency website Harrisburg Authority is a Municipal Authority Pennsylvania municipal authority providing Waste management solid waste management services in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania . ref Cite web title 2007 Governments Integrated Directory GID work Census of Governments publisher U.S. Census Bureau , Governments Division date 2007 url http www.census.gov govs cog format database accessdate 2009 11 08 ref See also List of municipal authorities in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania External links http www.hbgauthority.com Harrisburg Authority References reflist pennsylvania stub Category Municipal authorities in Pennsylvania Category Government of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania ... more details
Delegated authority is an authority obtained from another that has authority since the authority does not naturally exist. Typically this is used in a government context where an organization that is created by a legitimate government, such as a Board, City, Town or other Public Corporations to allow them to legally function in the name of the constitutional government. See also Mandate politics Unreferenced date May 2007 Category Social ethics Category Social psychology Category Political philosophy law term stub ... more details
A transportation authority is an authority which regulates or administers Transport transportation related matters. Most transportation authorities in Western world Western countries are under the direction of election elected officials. In the United States and Canada , transportation authorities are typically responsible for public transport public transit including bus es and rapid transit in metropolitan area s, such as the Metropolitan Transportation Authority New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority in New York, the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority , and the Toronto Area Transportation Operating Authority . Some transportation authorities, such as Greater Vancouver s TransLink British Columbia Translink , have the power to impose Excise excise taxes Fuel tax fuel taxes on gasoline , diesel fuel , and other motor fuel s. transportation stub government stub Category Public transport ... more details
Public finance Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Monetary authority is a generic term in finance and economics for the entity which controls the money supply of a given currency , and has the right to set interest rates , and other parameters which control the cost and availability of money. Generally a monetary authority is a central bank , though often the executive branch of a government has de facto control over monetary policy by controlling the central bank. There are other arrangements, for example democratic governance of monetary policy, a central bank for several nations, a currency board which restricts currency issuance to the amount of another currency, free banking where a broad range of entities can issue notes or coin. Americas Bermuda Monetary Authority Cayman Islands Monetary Authority Asia Hong Kong Monetary Authority Maldives Monetary Authority Monetary Authority of Singapore Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan Palestine Monetary Authority See also Central bank deflation fiat money gold standard hyper inflation inflation monetarism seignorage DEFAULTSORT Monetary Authority Category Central banks Money stub pt Autoridade monet ria ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 Merge authority date July 2011 Authority is the legitimate or socially approved ... of legitimacy is vital to the notion of authority and is the main means by which authority ... . Authority, by contrast, depends on the acceptance by subordinate s of the right of those ..., 1997 581 ref Types of Authorities Traditional Authority Power legitimized by respect for long established .... ref Charismatic Authority Power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion ... Legal Authority Also known as bureaucratic authority, is when power is legitimized by legally ... edition 7th Canadian ed. ref Children and the three Authority Attributes The three attributes of authority ... a complex notion of what authority is. Children consider the type of command, the characteristics of the authority figure, and the social context when making authority conclusions Laupa, 1991 . Although children regard these three types of authority attributes, they firstly assess the legitimacy of the authority ... legitimate authority by the child, and will believe themselves that they have a duty to obey them and internalise their values Darling, Cumsille,& Mart nez,2008 . Max Weber on authority Herrschaft ... or rule , that have sometimes been rendered in English translation as types of authority, because domination is not seen as a political concept in the first place. Weber defined domination authority as the chance of commands being obeyed by a specifiable group of people. Legitimate authority is that which ... authority into three types The first type discussed by Weber is Rational legal authority . It is that form of authority which depends for its legitimacy political legitimacy on formal rules and established ... of the rational legal authority is mentioned in the constitution. Modern societies depend on legal rational authority. Government officials are the best example of this form of authority, which is prevalent all over the world. The second type of authority is Traditional authority , which derives ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2011 The Copp Authority was an interim High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community ECSC , between 1 March and 5 July 1967. Its president was Albert Copp of Belgium . The Authority was subsequently combined by the Merger Treaty 1967 with the Commissions of the European Atomic Energy Community and the European Economic Community to become the Commission of the European Communities . European Commission DEFAULTSORT Coppe Authority Category High Authorities of the ECSC EU stub ca Autoritat Copp ... more details
Apparent authority also called ostensible authority relates to the doctrines of the law of agency . It is relevant particularly in corporate law and constitutional law. Apparent authority refers to a situation where a reasonable person would understand that an agent had authority to act. This means a principal is bound by the agent s actions, even though the agent had no actual authority, whether express ... on and would be inequitable for the principal to deny the authority given. Apparent authority can legally be found, even though actually authority has not been given. ref name Garner cite book first1 ... dictionary.thefreedictionary.com apparent authority Legal Dictionary Entry on Apparent Authority ... has the authority to bind the principal. Apparent authority can also occur where a principal terminates the authority of an agent, but does not inform third parties of this termination. This is called lingering apparent authority. Business owners can avoid being liable by giving public notice of the termination of authority, and by contacting any individual third parties who would have had reason to know of such authority. In relation to company law companies , the apparent authority of board ... authority . Apparent authority issues also arise in the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution Fourth Amendment context, concerning who has authority to consent to a search. ref http ssrn.com abstract 1532243 When is a Parent s Authority Apparent? Reconsidering Third Party Consent Searches ... from asserting to a third party that the agent has authority when in fact he does not, and then subsequently ... authority. In law, apparent authority refers to the authority of an agent as it appears to others, ref ... authority and to create authority where no actual authority exists. ref See First Energy UK Limited v Hungarian International Bank 1993 BCLC 1409 ref The law relating to companies and to ostensible authority are in reality only a sub set of the rules relating to apparent authority and the agency law ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Implied Authority of Contract is a legal term. In Contract contract law , it is the implied ability of an individual to make a legally binding contract on behalf of an organization, by way of uniform or interaction with the public on behalf of that organization. When a person is wearing a uniform or nametag bearing the logo or trademark of a business or organization or if that person is functioning in an obviously authorized capacity on behalf of a business or organization, that person carries an Implied Authority of Contract. Implied Authority is authority that is not express or written into the contract, but which the agent is assumed to have in order to transact the business of insurance for the principal. Implied authority is incidental to express authority since not every single detail of an agent s authority can be spelled out in the written contract. For example, if you are at a restaurant and your waitress tells you that she can give you a free beverage if you pay for an entree, she has made a contract with you on behalf of the business by which she is employeed. It is implied that she is given the authority to do so by the fact that she is the sole employee of the business who has been designated to complete ... the employee for the mistake, but Implied Authority of Contract places them under a legal obligation ... legal circumstances. A design professional s implied authority gives the designer the means to act in ways that are incidental to the exercise of actual authority. It is authority that isn t written down, but needs to be understood to make the construction process a success. Besides Implied Authority, look into Apparent authority Apparent Authority and Express Authority as well. In relation to company law companies , apparent authority is usually referred to as ostensible authority . br These three are known as the Agency Relationship DEFAULTSORT Implied Authority Category Contract law Law term ... more details
Copy to Wiktionary Petty authority or petty tyranny ref name ashforth Petty tyranny in organizations , Ashforth, Blake, Human Relations, Vol. 47, No. 7, 755 778 1994 ref or petty power is authority exercised by a leadership leader , usually one unchosen by the led, in a relatively limited or intimate environment, such as that exercised by a fellow peer of a social group. It is a pejorative term, that carries with it a sense of authority that was gained, or is used, in an unfair or capricious manner. References references Category Pejoratives culture stub sociology stub ... more details
Moral authority is the authority to make pronouncements regarding ethics and morality . In Veritatis Splendor , Pope John Paul II asserted that the Catholic Church s moral teachings derive In Christ s name and with his authority. ref http www.vatican.va holy father john paul ii encyclicals documents hf jp ii enc 06081993 veritatis splendor en.html Full text of Veritas Splendor , English Translation. John Paul II. August 6, 1993 ref See also Magisterium References references Ethics stub Category Morality Category Ethics ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Question authority is a popular bumper sticker slogan which first appeared in the late 1970s, and a common graffiti slogan. It is intended to encourage people to avoid fallacious argument from authority appeals to authority . Also to encourage more Hippy like behaviour,, as quoted by a number of government officials. The origin of the phrase is sometimes incorrectly attributed to Timothy Leary . Citation needed date February 2011 Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment polymath Benjamin Franklin was often quoted as saying it is the first responsibility of every citizen to question authority . Citation needed date February 2011 reason I can find no definitive source for his authorship The term can also be read humorously as a noun phrase signifying someone who is an authority on the subject of questions . or date November 2011 See also Age of Enlightenment External links http www.appealtoauthority.info Appeal to Authority Breakdown Vocab stub Politics stub Category English phrases Category 1970s ... more details
Professional responsibility Adverse authority or adverse controlling authority , in United States law , is when an attorney finds a legal decision that has some controlling authority on the case they have ... obligation to disclose that legal decision, which is an adverse authority , to the court. This obligation ... Basis for the disclosure requirement The obligation to disclose adverse authority is in tension ... with respect to such authority outweighs the duty to the client s cause. Ostensibly, the reason is to serve the law itself by preventing a court from making a decision that is erroneous in light of the authority ... authority and fails to disclose it to the court may lose credibility with the court if the authority ... fails to disclose such authority has either been unethical in failing to disclose it, or has acted without diligence in failing to discover it. Moreover, the attorney disclosing such authority has the opportunity to frame the disclosure in a manner that seeks to diminish the impact of that authority ..., the matter must meet three conditions it must be legal authority, it must be directly adverse, and it must be from a controlling jurisdiction. ref name Law of Lawyering Legal authority The matter .... Conversely, adverse authority does extend to binding legal materials other than court ... authority. ref name Law of Lawyering Directly adverse The requirement that the authority be directly adverse has been a source of uncertainty. Attorneys are keen to distinguish adverse authority ... authority as not being adverse at all, because it applies to sufficiently different facts. In order to counter the tendency of attorney s to diminish the precedential value of adverse authority, such authority ... is whether the judge sitting on the case would consider the authority to be important, or if she would feel misled if the authority were not disclosed. ref name Law of Lawyering Controlling jurisdiction Adverse authority from another jurisdiction need not be disclosed. In state courts, that generally ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
