Orphan date October 2011 Italic title Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis ISSN 0893 9675 is a quarterly scientific journal published by Begell House covering the field of oncology . The editor in chief is Ragnhild A. Lothe . External links Official website http www.begellhouse.com journals 439f422d0783386a Category Oncology journals Category Quarterly journals Category English language journals Category Begell House academic journals ... more details
In molecular biology , activating transcription factor , ATF , is a class of AP 1 transcription factor AP 1 transcription factor dimers. ref name van Dam cite journal author van Dam H, Castellazzi M title Distinct roles of Jun Fos and Jun ATF dimers in oncogenesis journal Oncogene volume 20 issue 19 pages 2453 64 year 2001 pmid 11402340 doi 10.1038 sj.onc.1204239 ref Genes include ATF1 , Activating transcription factor 2 ATF2 , ATF3 , ATF4 , ATF5 , ATF6 , and ATF7 . References references External links MeshName Activating Transcription Factors protein stub Oncogenes Transcription factors g1 Category Transcription factors es Factor de transcripci n activador ... more details
http www.jwildlifedis.org content 24 2 292.full.pdf ref . Molecular Biology and Oncogenesis Studies ... for oncogenesis . The Epsilonretroviruses provide a unique model for understanding the development ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Metallopanstimulin or MPS is a zinc finger protein proposed to be involved DNA repair as well as oncogenesis . ref Fernandez Pol JA. Metallopanstimulin as a novel tumor marker in sera of patients with various types of common cancers implications for prevention and therapy Anticancer Research 1996 Jul Aug 16, pp. 2177 85. ref Its expression is increased in several types of malignancy and MPS levels have been reported to drop with treatment of some cancer s. It has also been used as a target for some chemotherapy chemotherapies , which aim to chelation chelate out the zinc from the zinc finger motif of the MPS, thus yielding it inactive. These therapies have shown promise for the treatment of cancer in laboratory experiments and some limited clinical trial s. Head and neck cancer transfected to overexpress this protein have demonstrated suppressed growth. References references cite journal author Scurry WC Jr, Stack BC Jr. title Role of metalloproteins in the clinical management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma journal Head Neck year 2007 month December volume 29 issue 12 pages 1144 55 pmid 17657798 doi 10.1002 hed.20655 cite journal author Stack BC Jr, Hollenbeak CS, Lee CM, Dunphy FR, Lowe VJ, Hamilton PD title Metallopanstimulin as a marker for head and neck cancer journal World J Surg Oncol year 2004 month December volume 14 pages 2 45 pmid 15598348 doi 10.1186 1477 7819 2 45 pmc 544581 cite journal author Lee WJ, Keefer K, Hollenbeak CS, Stack BC Jr. title A new assay to screen for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using the tumor marker metallopanstimulin journal Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg year 2004 month October volume 131 issue 4 pages 466 71 pmid 15467619 doi 10.1016 j.otohns.2004.03.011 Category Proteins protein stub ... more details
protein Name wingless type MMTV integration site family, member 6 caption image width HGNCid 12785 Symbol WNT6 AltSymbols EntrezGene 7475 OMIM 604663 RefSeq NM 006522 UniProt Q9Y6F9 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 2 Arm q Band 35 LocusSupplementaryData Wingless type MMTV integration site family, member 6 , also known as WNT6 , is a human gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene WNT2 wingless type MMTV integration site family, member 2 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 7475 accessdate ref ref name pmid10343101 cite journal author Rankin J, Strachan T, Lako M, Lindsay S title Partial cloning and assignment of WNT6 to human chromosome band 2q35 by in situ hybridization journal Cytogenet. Cell Genet. volume 84 issue 1 2 pages 50 2 year 1999 pmid 10343101 doi 10.1159 000015212 url ref The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes that encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during Human embryogenesis embryogenesis . This gene is a member of the WNT gene family, which are involved in the Wnt signaling pathway . It is overexpressed in cervical cancer cell line and strongly coexpressed with another family member, WNT10A , in colorectal cancer cell line. ref name pmid11350055 cite journal author Kirikoshi H, Sekihara H, Katoh M title WNT10A and WNT6, clustered in human chromosome 2q35 region with head to tail manner, are strongly coexpressed in SW480 cells journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 283 issue 4 pages 798 805 year 2001 month May pmid 11350055 doi 10.1006 bbrc.2001.4855 url ref The gene overexpression may play key roles in carcinogenesis. This gene and the WNT10A gene are clustered in the chromosome 2q35 region. The protein encoded by this gene is 97 identical to the mouse Wnt6 protein at the amino acid level. ref name entrez References reflist gene 2 stub NLM co ... more details
Mitotic catastrophe is an event in which a cell is destroyed during mitosis . This is believed by some to occur as a result of an attempt at aberrant chromosome segregation early in mitosis, or as a result of DNA damage later. The term mitotic catastrophe is used to explain a mechanism of a delayed mitotic linked cell death, a sequence of events that results from premature or inappropriate entry of cells into mitosis that can be caused by chemical or physical stresses. It can be triggered with agents influencing the stability of microtubule, various anticancer drugs and mitotic failure caused by defective cell cycle checkpoints. Mitotic catastrophe is the main form of cell death induced by ionizing radiation Cells which fail to go through a mitotic catastrophe after a mitotic failure are likely to create aneuploidy aneuploid cells when they later reproduce, posing a risk of oncogenesis , potentially leading to cancer. External links cite journal author Castedo M, Perfettini JL, Roumier T, Andreau K, Medema R, Kroemer G. date 12 April 2004 title Cell death by mitotic catastrophe a molecular definition journal Oncogene journal Oncogene volume 23 issue 16 pages 2825 2837 issn 0950 9232 doi 10.1038 sj.onc.1207528 pmid 15077146 url http www.nature.com onc journal v23 n16 abs 1207528a.html Vakifahmetoglu H, Olsson M, Zhivotovsky B. Death through a tragedy mitotic catastrophe. Cell Death Differ 2008 15 1153 1162. url http www.apo sys.eu aposys Publications Publications2008 pdf Vakifahmetoglu tragedy.pdf Category Apoptosis Category Cell cycle Category Mitosis Category Programmed cell death ... more details
Orphan date February 2011 protein name zinc finger protein 703 caption image width HGNCid 25883 Symbol ZNF703 AltSymbols EntrezGene 80139 OMIM RefSeq NM 025069 UniProt PDB ECnumber Chromosome 8 Arm p Band 12 LocusSupplementaryData ZNF703 is a gene which has been linked with the development of breast cancer s. ref name pmid21328542 cite journal author Sircoulomb F, Nicolas N, Ferrari A, et al. title ZNF703 gene amplification at 8p12 specifies luminal B breast cancer journal EMBO Mol Med volume 3 issue 3 pages 153 166 year 2011 month February pmid 21328542 doi 10.1002 emmm.201100121 url ref ref name BBC cite news url http www.bbc.co.uk news health 12503798 title BBC News Key breast cancer driver gene found format work accessdate 2011 02 18 date 2011 02 18 ref ref name pmid19330026 cite journal author Kwek SS, Roy R, Zhou H, et al. title Co amplified genes at 8p12 and 11q13 in breast tumors cooperate with two major pathways in oncogenesis journal Oncogene volume 28 issue 17 pages 1892 903 year 2009 month April pmid 19330026 pmc 2722962 doi 10.1038 onc.2009.34 ref Following research by scientists at Cancer Research UK , it was the first oncogene discovery in the past five years. ref name BBC References reflist Genetics stub ... more details
Wikify date April 2011 Orphan date March 2011 infobox biodatabase title MPromDb logo File Database.png description annotation and visualization of mammalian gene promoters and ChIP seq experimental data. scope organism center laboratory Center for Systems and Computational Biology, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA. author Ravi Gupta pmid Gupta & al. 2011 ref name pmid21097880 released 2010 standard format url http bioinformatics.wistar.upenn.edu MPromDb download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version MPromDb Mammalian Promoter Database is a curated database of gene Promoter biology promoter s identified from Chip Sequencing ChIP seq ref name pmid21097880 cite journal quotes yes last Gupta first Ravi authorlink coauthors Bhattacharyya Anirban, Agosto Perez Francisco J, Wickramasinghe Priyankara, Davuluri Ramana V year 2011 month Jan title MPromDb update 2010 an integrated resource for annotation and visualization of mammalian gene promoters and ChIP seq experimental data journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 39 issue Database issue pages D92 7 publisher location England issn pmid 21097880 doi 10.1093 nar gkq1171 bibcode oclc id url pmc 3013732 language eng format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References references External links http bioinformatics.wistar.upenn.edu MPromDb Category Biological databases Category Gene expression Category Protein methods Biodatabase stub ... more details
In biology , caveolae Latin for little caves , singular caveola , which are a special type of lipid raft , are small 50 100 nanometer invagination s of the plasma membrane in many vertebrate cell biology cell types, especially in endothelium endothelial cells and adipocyte s. These flask shaped structures are rich in protein s as well as lipid s such as cholesterol and sphingolipid s and have several functions in signal transduction . ref cite journal author Anderson RG title The caveolae membrane system journal Annu. Rev. Biochem. volume 67 issue pages 199 225 year 1998 pmid 9759488 doi 10.1146 annurev.biochem.67.1.199 url http arjournals.annualreviews.org doi abs 10.1146 annurev.biochem.67.1.199?url ver Z39.88 2003&rfr id ori rid crossref.org&rfr dat cr pub 3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov ref They are also believed to play a role in endocytosis , oncogenesis , and the uptake of pathogen ic bacteria and certain virus es. ref cite journal author Frank P, Lisanti M title Caveolin 1 and caveolae in atherosclerosis differential roles in fatty streak formation and neointimal hyperplasia journal Curr Opin Lipidol volume 15 issue 5 pages 523 9 year 2004 pmid 15361787 doi 10.1097 00041433 200410000 00005 ref ref cite journal author Li X, Everson W, Smart E title Caveolae, lipid rafts, and vascular disease journal Trends Cardiovasc Med volume 15 issue 3 pages 92 6 year 2005 pmid 16039968 doi 10.1016 j.tcm.2005.04.001 ref ref cite journal author Pelkmans L title Secrets of caveolae and lipid raft mediated endocytosis revealed by mammalian viruses journal Biochim Biophys Acta volume 1746 issue 3 pages 295 304 year 2005 pmid 16126288 doi 10.1016 j.bbamcr.2005.06.009 ref Caveolae are one source of clathrin independent endocytosis involved in turnover of adhesive complexes. Formation and maintenance of caveolae is primarily due to the protein caveolin , ref MeshName Caveolae ref a 21 kD protein. This protein has both a cytoplasm ic C terminus and a cytoplasmic N terminus, linked together by ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 455085796 ImageFile Lysophosphatidic acid.svg ImageSize 250px IUPACName 2 hydroxy 3 phosphonooxypropyl Z octadec 9 enoate OtherNames LPA Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 22002 87 5 PubChem 5497152 SMILES CCCCCCCC C C CCCCCCCC O OCC COP O O O O MeSHName lysophosphatidic acid Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 21 sub H sub 41 sub O sub 7 sub P MolarMass 436.52 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Section3 Chembox Hazards Solubility MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Lysophosphatidic acid LPA is a phospholipid derivative that can act as a lipid signaling signaling molecule. ref name GarrettGrisham2008 cite book author1 Reginald Garrett author2 Charles M. Grisham title Biochemistry url http books.google.com books?id iGPsen3fSOIC&pg PA235 accessdate 20 December 2010 date 28 December 2008 publisher Cengage Learning isbn 9780495109358 pages 235 ref Function LPA acts as a potent mitogen due to its activation of three high affinity G protein coupled receptors called Lysophospholipid receptor LPA1 , Lysophospholipid receptor LPA2 , and Lysophospholipid receptor LPA3 also known as EDG2, EDG4, and EDG7 . Additional, newly identified LPA receptors include LPA4 p2y9 GPR23 , LPA5 GPR92 and LPA6 GPR87 . Clinical significance Because of its ability to stimulate cell proliferation , aberrant LPA signaling has been linked to cancer in numerous ways. Dysregulation of autotaxin or the LPA receptors can lead to hyperproliferation, which may contribute to oncogenesis and metastasis . LPA may be the cause of pruritus itching in individuals with cholestatic impaired bile flow diseases. GTPase activation Downstream of LPA receptor activation, the small GTPase Rho can be activated, subsequently activating Rho kinase. This can lead to the formation of stress fibers and cell migration through the inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase . Metabolism There are a number of potential routes to its biosynthesis, but the most well ... more details
Pfam box Symbol MCM Name MCM2 3 5 family image PDB 1ltl EBI.jpg width caption Structure of MCM from archaeal M. Thermoautotrophicum . ref name pmid12548282 cite journal author Fletcher RJ, Bishop BE, Leon RP, Sclafani RA, Ogata CM, Chen XS title The structure and function of MCM from archaeal M. Thermoautotrophicum journal Nat. Struct. Biol. volume 10 issue 3 pages 160 7 year 2003 month March pmid 12548282 doi 10.1038 nsb893 url ref Pfam PF00493 Pfam clan CL0023 InterPro IPR001208 SMART SM00350 PROSITE PDOC00662 SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB2 1ltl Image CDC6 Function.jpg thumb Potential role of Cdc6 at the initiation of DNA replication. ref name pmid18048387 cite journal author Borlado LR, M ndez J title CDC6 from DNA replication to cell cycle checkpoints and oncogenesis journal Carcinogenesis volume 29 issue 2 pages 237 43 year 2008 month February pmid 18048387 doi 10.1093 carcin bgm268 url issn ref Mini Chromosome Maintenance complex , or Minichromosome Maintenance protein complex or mini chromosome maintenance MCM 2 7 helicase complex has a role in both the initiation and the elongation phases of eukaryotic DNA replication , specifically the formation and elongation of the replication fork . MCM is a component of the pre replication complex , which is a component of the licensing factor . MCM is a hexamer of six related polypeptides mcm2 7 that form a ring structure. ref name pmid15210935 cite journal author Cortez D, Glick G, Elledge SJ title Minichromosome maintenance proteins are direct targets of the ATM and ATR checkpoint kinases journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 101 issue 27 pages 10078 83 year 2004 month July pmid 15210935 pmc 454167 doi 10.1073 pnas.0403410101 url issn ref ref name pmid11821426 cite journal author Carpentieri F, De Felice M, De Falco M, Rossi M, Pisani FM title Physical and functional interaction between the mini chromosome maintenance like DNA helicase and the single stranded DNA binding protein from the crenarchaeo ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus virus group i familia Herpesviridae subfamilia Gammaherpesvirinae genus Lymphocryptovirus species Rhesus Lymphocryptovirus The rhesus lymphocryptovirus rhesus LCV, RLV, Cercopithecine HV 15 is a lymphocryptovirus gamma 1 herpesvirus in the same genus as the Epstein Barr virus EBV . Its genetics genetic structure has been fully sequenced and found to be highly homologous with that of EBV 65 . The structural proteins are highly conserved, while genes expressed during EBV latent infection are much less well conserved. Even in cases where genes have low Homology biology homology , the rLCV infection genes are functionally interchangeable with EBV genes. In nature, RLV infects rhesus macaques . ref cite journal author Rivailler P, Jiang H, Cho YG, Quink C, Wang F title Complete nucleotide sequence of the rhesus lymphocryptovirus genetic validation for an Epstein Barr virus animal model journal J Virol. 2002 Jan 76 1 421 6 volume 1976 12 3 4 163 8 pmid 11739708 doi year 2002 issue 1 pages 421 6 pmc 135707 ref RLV infection in rhesus monkeys resembles EBV infection in humans in several respects oral transmission, atypical lymphocytosis , lymphadenopathy , activation of CD23 peripheral blood B cells , sustained serologic responses to lytic and Virus latency latent EBV antigens , latent infection in the peripheral blood, and virus persistence in oropharyngeal secretions. These features make the rhesus lymphocryptovirus potentially useful for studying the pathogenesis , prevention, and treatment of EBV infection and associated oncogenesis . ref cite journal journal Science volume 27 June 1997 Vol. 276. no. 5321, pp. 2030 2033 title An Animal Model for Acute and Persistent Epstein Barr Virus Infection author Amir Moghaddam, Michael Rosenzweig, David Lee Parritz, Bethany Annis, R. Paul Johnson, Fred Wang url http www.sciencemag.org cgi content abstract 276 5321 2030?ck nck pmid 9197263 doi 10.1126 science.276.5321.2030 year 199 ... more details
orphan date June 2009 Cancer is a Genetics genetic Genetic disorder disorder in which the normal control of cell growth is lost. Cancer genetics is now one of the fastest expanding Specialty medicine medical specialties . At the Molecule molecular level, cancer is caused by Mutation mutation s in DNA , which result in aberrant Cell biology cell proliferation. Most of these mutations are Mutagen acquired and occur in somatic cell s. However, some people Heredity inherit mutation s in the germline . ref Fiona Lalloo. Genetics of Oncologists. ISBN.1901346196. remedica Publishing ref The mutation s occur in two classes of cellular gene s oncogene s and tumor suppressor gene s . Oncogene main Oncogene Oncogenes are derived from normal cellular genes called Oncogene Proto oncogene proto oncogenes . Proto oncogenes were first elucidated in RNA tumor virus es and are now known to Genetic code encode protein s that are crucial for cellular growth regulation e.g. growth factor, Signal transduction Cell surface receptors cell surface receptors , DNA Carrier protein binding proteins , etc. Mutation in cancer cells alter the normal structure and or expression pattern of the proto oncogene, generating Oncogenesis oncogenic variant forms with altered function. In genetic terms, oncogenic allele s have gain of function mutation . Transformation of proto oncogene to oncogene ref Robert F. Mueller AND Young I.D.Emery s Elements of Medical Genetics. ISBN.0 443 07125 X ref is the result of gain in function through Over Gene expression expression of the gene, or Gene duplication duplication such as Gene duplication Gene duplication as amplification amplification to produce increased onco protein Activation Biochemistry Activation or formation of fusion gene by Chromosomal translocation translocation Alteration of the gene product to produce Transformation genetics transforming proteins Examples of Oncogenes Signal transduction protein s Abl gene Abl Src gene Src H ras N ras Cell nucleus ... more details
Multiple issues confusing April 2012 expert April 2012 orphan January 2012 notability Academics date April 2012 Infobox person name Ulla Hansen image imagesize alt caption Ulla Hansen birth name death date death place occupation Biologist ethnicity citizenship education alma mater PhD, Harvard University website portaldisp Ulla Hansen is a professor of biology and Director, Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry at Boston University . ref name officialbio cite web url http www.bu.edu biology people faculty hansen title Faculty Profiles Ulla Hansen publisher Boston University online accessdate 2012 02 10 ref Biography Hansen received a Ph.D from Harvard University in 1980. Her specialty is the mammalian cell cycle , in particular the role of transcription factor s. She has concentrated on the LSF transcription factor, which is involved in oncogenesis. Hansen coauthored several heavily cited papers, including the review article Active repression mechanisms of eukaryotic transcription repressors ref cite journal journal Cell volume 88 issue 4 date 21 February 1997 pages 471 481 title MeCP2 Is a Transcriptional Repressor with Abundant Binding Sites in Genomic Chromatin author Xinsheng Nan coauthors F.Javier Campoy, Adrian Bird date 15 October 1996 url http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S0092867400818875 doi 10.1016 S0092 8674 00 81887 5 ref ref cite journal journal Molecular Biology and Evolution volume 20 issue 9 pages 1377 1419 title The Evolution of Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes author Gregory A. Wray coauthors Matthew W. Hahn, Ehab Abouheif, James P. Balhoff, Margaret Pizer, Matthew V. Rockman, Laura A. Romano date 1 April 2003 url http mbe.oxfordjournals.org content 20 9 1377.short ref ref cite journal journal Plant Cell volume 12 pages 393 404 date March 2000 publisher American Society of Plant Physiologists title Arabidopsis Ethylene Responsive Element Binding Factors Act as Transcriptional Activators or Repressors of ... more details
EBNA1 is a well characterized protein, its role in oncogenesis is less well defined. It is consistently ... author Young, Lawrence S., Paul G. Murry title Epstein Barr Virus and oncogenesis from latent ... more details
PBB geneid 6300 Mitogen activated protein kinase 12 MAP kinase 12 , also known as extracellular signal regulated kinase 6 ERK6 or stress activated protein kinase 3 SAPK3 , is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK12 gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene mitogen activated protein kinase 12 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 6300 accessdate ref Function Activation of members of the mitogen activated protein kinase family is a major mechanism for signal transduction transduction of extracellular signals. Stress activated protein kinases are one subclass of MAP kinases. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a signal transducer during differentiation of myoblast s to myotube s. ref name entrez References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 cite journal author Stiffler MA, Grantcharova VP, Sevecka M, MacBeath G title Uncovering quantitative protein interaction networks for mouse PDZ domains using protein microarrays. journal J. Am. Chem. Soc. volume 128 issue 17 pages 5913 22 year 2006 pmid 16637659 doi 10.1021 ja060943h pmc 2533859 cite journal author Joneson T, Bar Sagi D title Ras effectors and their role in mitogenesis and oncogenesis. journal J. Mol. Med. volume 75 issue 8 pages 587 93 year 1997 pmid 9297626 doi cite journal author Hou SW, Zhi HY, Pohl N, et al. title PTPH1 dephosphorylates and cooperates with p38gamma MAPK to increase ras oncogenesis through PDZ mediated interaction. journal Cancer Res. volume 70 issue 7 pages 2901 10 year 2010 pmid 20332238 doi 10.1158 0008 5472.CAN 09 3229 cite journal author Gutierrez Sanmartin D, Varela Ledo E, Aguilera A, et al. title Implication of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase isoforms alpha, beta, gamma and delta in CD4 T cell infection with human immunodeficiency virus type I. journal J. Gen. Virol. volume 89 issue Pt 7 pages 1661 71 year 2008 pmid 18559936 doi 10.1099 vir.0.82971 0 cite journal author Sabio G, Cerezo Guisado MI, Del Reino P, ... more details
Pfam box Symbol LIM Name LIM domain image Lims.png width 200 caption Structure of the 4th LIM domain of Pinch protein. Zinc atoms are shown in grey Pfam PF00412 InterPro IPR001781 SMART PROSITE PDOC50178 SCOP 1ctl TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB3 1ctl A 11 67 LIM domains are protein structural domain s, composed of two contiguous zinc finger domains, separated by a two amino acid residue hydrophobic linker. ref name pmid15520811 cite journal author Kadrmas JL, Beckerle MC title The LIM domain from the cytoskeleton to the nucleus journal Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. volume 5 issue 11 pages 920 31 year 2004 pmid 15520811 doi 10.1038 nrm1499 ref They are named after their initial discovery in the proteins L in11, I sl 1 & M ec 3. ref name pmid10704826 cite journal author Bach I title The LIM domain regulation by association journal Mech. Dev. volume 91 issue 1 2 pages 5 17 year 2000 pmid 10704826 doi 10.1016 S0925 4773 99 00314 7 ref LIM domain containing proteins have been shown to play roles in cytoskeleton cytoskeletal organisation, organ development and oncogenesis . LIM domains mediate protein protein interactions protein protein interactions that are critical to cellular processes. LIM domains have highly divergent sequences, apart from certain key residues. The sequence divergence allow a great many different binding sites to be grafted onto the same basic domain. The conserved residues are those involved in zinc binding or the hydrophobic core of the protein. The sequence signature of LIM domains is as follows C X sub 2 4 sub C X sub 13 19 sub W H X sub 2 4 sub C F LVI C X sub 2 4 sub C X sub 13 20 sub C X sub 2 4 sub C Image Lim diag.png thumb 200px Lim domain organsiation LIM domains frequently occur in multiples, as seen in proteins such as TES protein TES , LMO4, and can also be attached to other domains in order to confer a binding or targeting function upon them, such as LIM kinase. LIM domains are also found in various bacterial lineages where they are ... more details
PBB geneid 7479 Protein Wnt 8b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT8B gene . ref name pmid8661156 cite journal author Lako M, Strachan T, Curtis AR, Lindsay S title Isolation and characterization of WNT8B, a novel human Wnt gene that maps to 10q24 journal Genomics volume 35 issue 2 pages 386 8 year 1996 month Sep pmid 8661156 pmc doi 10.1006 geno.1996.0374 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene WNT8B wingless type MMTV integration site family, member 8B url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 7479 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text The WNT gene family consists of structurally related genes that encode secreted signaling proteins. These proteins have been implicated in oncogenesis and in several developmental processes, including regulation of cell fate and patterning during embryogenesis. This gene is a member of the WNT gene family. It encodes a protein showing 95 , 86 , and 71 amino acid identity to the mouse, zebrafish and Xenopus Wnt8B proteins, respectively. The expression patterns of the human and mouse genes appear identical and are restricted to the developing brain. The chromosomal location of this gene to 10q24 suggests it as a candidate gene for partial epilepsy. ref name entrez References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Katoh M, Katoh M title Conserved POU OCT and GATA binding sites in 5 flanking promoter region of mammalian WNT8B orthologs. journal Int. J. Oncol. volume 30 issue 5 pages 1273 7 year 2007 pmid 17390031 doi cite journal author Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, et al. title The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. journal Nature volume 429 issue 6990 pages 375 81 year 2004 pmid 15164054 doi 10.1038 nature02462 cite journal author Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, et ... more details
Infobox journal title Clinical Cancer Research cover editor Kenneth C. Anderson discipline Oncology abbreviation Clin. Cancer Res. publisher American Association for Cancer Research country United States frequency Biweekly history 1995 present openaccess Delayed, after 12 months license impact 7.338 impact year 2010 website http clincancerres.aacrjournals.org link1 http clincancerres.aacrjournals.org content current link1 name Online access link2 http clincancerres.aacrjournals.org content by year link2 name Online archive JSTOR OCLC 30960261 LCCN CODEN CCREF ISSN 1078 0432 eISSN 1557 3265 Clinical Cancer Research is a Peer review peer reviewed medical journal on oncology , including the cellular and molecular characterization, prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of human cancer. medical and hematological oncology, radiation therapy , pediatric oncology, pathology , surgical oncology, and clinical genetics . The applications of the disciplines of pharmacology , immunology , cell biology , and molecular genetics to intervention in human cancer are also included. One of the main interests of Clinical Cancer Research is on clinical trails that evaluate new treatments together with research on pharmacology and molecular alterations or biomarkers that predict response or resistance to treatment. ref name D cite web url http clincancerres.aacrjournals.org site misc about.xhtml title About Clinical Cancer Research publisher American Association for Cancer Research accessdate 2010 07 16 ref Another priority for Clinical Cancer Research is laboratory and animal model animal studies of new drugs as well as molecule targeted agents with the potential to lead to clinical trials, and studies of targetable mechanisms of oncogenesis , progression of the malignant phenotype , and metastatic disease. ref name D The journal is published by the American Association for Cancer Research . History The first issue of Clinical Cancer Research was published in January 1995. ref name A cite j ... more details
Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. For cancer to oncogenesis develop , genes regulating cell growth and differentiation must be altered these mutations are then maintained through subsequent cell divisions and are thus present in all cancerous cells. Gene expression profiling is a technique used in molecular biology to query the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. In the context of cancer, gene expression profiling has been used to more accurately classify tumors. The information derived from gene expression profiling often has an impact on predicting the patient s clinical outcome. Background OncogenesisOncogenesis is the process by which normal cells acquire the properties of cancer cells leading to the formation of a cancer or tumor see tumorigenesis . It is characterized by a molecular reprogramming of a cell to undergo uninhibited cell division , allowing the formation of a malignant mass. The cells forming this mass undergo natural selection as cells acquire mutations that enhance their survivability or reproductive capacity, they dominate the growing tumor as other cells are out competed see somatic evolution in cancer . Because of these natural selection selective properties, the majority of cells within a tumor will share a common profile of gene expression. Gene expression profiling Gene expression profiling is a technique used in molecular biology to query the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. While almost all cells cell in an organism contain the entire genome of the organism, only a small subset of those genes is expressed as messenger RNA mRNA at any given time, and their relative gene expression expression can be evaluated. Techniques include DNA microarray technology or sequenced based techniques such as serial analysis of gene expression SAGE . Current cancer research makes use primarily of DNA microarrays in which an arrayed series of microscopic spots of pre defined DNA oligonucleotides ... more details
A fusion gene is a hybrid gene formed from two previously separate genes. It can occur as the result of a Chromosomal translocation translocation A , interstitial deletion B , or chromosomal inversion B . File Gene Fusion Types.png thumb A schematic showing the ways a fusion gene can occur at a chromosomal level. Often, fusion genes are oncogene s examples include Philadelphia chromosome BCR ABL , ref cite journal first1 PC last1 Nowell first2 DA last2 Hungerford year 1960 title A minute chromosome in chronic granulocytic leukemia journal Science doi 10.1126 science.132.3438.1488 volume 132 issue 3438 pages 1488 1501 1497 url http garfield.library.upenn.edu classics1985 A1985ABM0800002.pdf format PDF ref TEL AML1 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ALL with t 12 21 , AML1 ETO M2 AML with t 8 21 and TMPRSS2 ERG gene ERG with an interstitial deletion on chromosome 21, often occurring in prostate cancer. ref cite journal pmid 16254181 year 2005 last1 Tomlins first1 SA last2 Rhodes last3 Perner last4 Dhanasekaran last5 Mehra last6 Sun last7 Varambally last8 Cao last9 Tchinda title Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer volume 310 issue 5748 pages 644 8 doi 10.1126 science.1117679 journal Science first2 DR first3 S first4 SM first5 R first6 XW first7 S first8 X first9 J ref Most fusion genes are found from hematological cancers, sarcomas and prostate cancer. ref cite journal pmid 17361217 year 2007 last1 Mitelman first1 F last2 Johansson last3 Mertens title The impact of translocations and gene fusions on cancer causation volume 7 issue 4 pages 233 45 doi 10.1038 nrc2091 journal Nature reviews. Cancer first2 B first3 F ref ref cite journal pmid 17425505 year 2006 last1 Teixeira first1 MR title Recurrent fusion oncogenes in carcinomas volume 12 issue 3 4 pages 257 71 journal Critical reviews in oncogenesis ref Oncogenic fusion genes may lead to a gene product with a new or different function from the two fusion partners. Alternatively, ... more details
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