merge Utigurs date March 2012 discuss talk Utigurs Utigurs Onogurs merge Expert subject date January 2012 File NE 600ad.jpg thumb 300px Europe in 600 AD, showing the Onogurs and their neighbors. The Onogurs , also known as Bulgar Utigurs , were a Orda organization horde of equestrian nomads in the North Eurasian steppe east of the Don River Russia during the 5th to 8th centuries. The Onogurs crossed the Volga and entered into Europe around the year 460 within the larger context of the Great Migrations and the Turkic expansion . In a old Turkic language interpretation of Onogurs On Ono means 10 and Gar Gurs Gur Gundur, mean tribes , so Onogurs means People of 10 tribes or People of 10 Arrows . Hungarians call the tribes as being the following 3 tribes S g, Lad ny, Ber ny T rk ny the Kabar federation settled in Hungarian Transilvania plus 7 tribes Megyer Magyar Madar Madjar Muageris the dominant tribe , Jen , Keszi, Ny k, K r, Tarj n and K rt Kubat Kubrat settled in Pannonia. Citation needed date March 2012 A common misunderstanding that has arisen is the identification of the onogurs as Bulgars , since bul gar could derive from a parallel wording Bul Bol meaning Many and Gar Gurs Gur Gundur meaning Tribe , thus the people of 10 tribes is easily misidentified as the People of many tribes or Bulgars . There is also a historical relationship between Onogurs and the Khazars Empire, until the breakdown of Great Prince rp d Arpad Almos. ref The Thirteenth Tribe The Khazar Empire and its ... designation of the Onogurs. Be evliev year needed date September 2011 rejected the identification of the Onogurs ... . Uppsala University Institute of Linguistics and Philology ref Hungarians and Onogurs The name of Hungary ... are called Onogurs e.g. Ungarn, Hongrie, Hongar, Ungherese . ref name A History of Hungary The Magyars ... The Onogurs were ethnically closely related and allied to the Cozarig Bulgars Bulgar tribes the legend being that the Onogurs and Bulgars descended from princes of Kush Hungor & Maugor. Maugor has ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Saltovo Mayaki is the name given by archaeologist s to the early medieval culture of the Black Sea Pontic steppe region roughly between the Don River, Russia Don and the Dnieper River s. Their culture was a melting pot of Onogurs Onogur , Khazars Khazar , Pechenegs Pecheneg , Magyars Magyar , Alans Alan , and Slavic peoples Slavic influences. During the ninth century the Saltovo Mayaki culture was closely associated with the Khazar Khaganate, and archaeological sites from this period are one way that historians track the geographic scope of Khazar influence. Khazaria Category Eurasian nomads Category History of Ukraine Euro hist stub Ethno stub be ru uk ... more details
merge Onogurs date March 2012 discuss talk Utigurs Utigurs Onogurs merge Refimprove date May 2009 File NE 600ad.jpg thumb 300px Europe in 600 AD, showing the Utigurs and their neighbors. Utigur is the name used by Procopius Caesariensis and his continuators Agathias and Menander in the 5th and 6th centuries to refer to the Bulgar Huns of Onoguria , the Eurasian steppes north east of the Black Sea and east the Don River Russia Don river. ref citebook title Justinian and Theodora first Robert last Browning publisher Gorgias Press LLC year 2003 ISBN 1593330537 ref The ancestors of the Utigurs represented the eastern half of the Hun Empire , and were ruled by descendants of Attila through his son, Ernakh . One of the titles used by Utigurs was recorded as Sulifa to designate the Turkic title Elteber, from Pyn. Xielifa . In the mid 6th century some Utigur groups were conquered by the Eurasian Avars and became known as the Kutrigurs , while the remaining eastern portion retained the Utigur ethnicon. Later under Sandilch , the Utigurs allied with the Byzantine Empire against their Kutrigur relatives and the Avars. In the early 7th century, a Utigur Khan named Kubrat defeated the Avars and reunited the Utigurs and Kutrigurs into an empire referred to as Old Great Bulgaria . After Kubrat s death his empire was divided between his sons. Some Kutrigurs, led by Kubrat s second son Kotrag , migrated to the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers and founded a Khanate known as Volga Bulgaria . The last of the Utigurs had settled in Pannonia modern Syrmia by April 677. The majority submitted to the Avar Kaghan, though some rebelled moving to Pelagonia under the leadership of Kuber Maurus nicknamed Kuber meaning rebel , while the Utigur Khan Asparukh had led a portion of Bulgars into Moesia , to establish the state which would become modern Bulgaria . See also History of Ukraine History of Bulgaria Kutrigurs Huns Old Great Bulgaria Sabirs Volga Bulgaria Bulgars References refs ... more details
See also Kutrigurs Kotzarig or Cozarig , a name intricately associated with the land of Ukraine Kedar , was, according to Sandilch , the second son of Ernakh , after whom the Kozarigur Huns were named, Ernakh s second son being Utig after whom the Utigur Bulgars were named. Kozar could mean Goat Herder in Slavonic languages. According to Bar Hebraeus and the Chronicle of Michael the Syrian, the name was given to one of three brothers who came from the Imaon mountains to rule Hunnish tribes in the East European grasslands in 583 ref http www.cambridge.org catalogue catalogue.asp?isbn 9780521815390&ss fro ref . Kotzarig s subjects became known as Khazars . His brother Bulgarios with 10,000 men acquired Dacia from Emperor Maurice emperor 582 602 . This report could refer to one of four possible events. The arrival of the Onogurs in 463. In this situation the brother probably adopted the name as new ruler of Dengizich s Akatziroi whose lands the Onogurs seized under Ernakh s leadership. The events were long before Emperor Maurice but confused with his time because of his support for Patria Onoguria. The arrival of the Eurasian Avars in 557. In this eventuality, the Avars would be identified with Kidarite Huns who had sought to escape the Gokturk expansion. Kazrig would be identified with Kandig and Bulgarios could be identified with the Avar Zabergan Samar Khan who was also leader of the Cotzarigs. Tiberius II Constantine was acting for Justin at the time, so the acquisition of Dacia was not immediate and would have been a hostile take over see Maurice s Balkan campaigns . This case might prove right a frequently drawn parallel between these three brothers and the three brothers Shchek, Khoriv, and Kii who founded Kiev in the 6th century to whom the Khazars are said to be related. The arrival of Gokturk rulers in 569. In this situation, the three brothers would be Uar of Khwarezmia who the Gokturks supported against the Pseudo Avar Huns who had entered Europe in the pre ... more details
Onesource date May 2008 Ernakh or Ernac Priscus Hernach was the 3rd son of Attila . After Attila s death in 453 AD, his empire crumbled and its remains were ruled by his three sons. Ernakh is considered to have succeeded Dengizich king of Akatziroi and reigned from 469 AD to 503 AD over the Huns who roamed a substantial part of the former empire and inhabited the lands of modern Ukraine . Ernakh managed to assert himself as ruler of also the Bulgars Bulgar Onogurs who had come upon the Acatzir Huns in 463 during the preceding reign of his brother Dengizich . According to the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans , a ruler named Irnik was a leader of the Bulgars for 150 years and his reign began approximately in 453 AD. Some historians consider Ernakh and Irnik to have been the same person. According to Procopius and the Utigur khan Sandilch , Ernakh had two sons one called Utigur and another called Kutrigur. After their father s death they shared the power and gave their names to the subjected peoples, so that even nowadays some of them are called Utigurs and the others Kutrigurs. ref name Priscus Priscus. Excerpta de legationibus. Ed. S. de Boor. Berolini, 1903, p. 586 ref In 486 and 488 Ernakh led the Bulgars as allies of Byzantium and later as allies of the Gepids against the Goths of Theodoric the Great Theodoric , but was defeated. Irnik Point on Snow Island South Shetland Islands Snow Island in the South Shetland Islands , Antarctica is named after Irnik Ernakh . References Reflist See also List of Ukrainian rulers Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans Huns start box succession box before Dengizich title List of Hunnish rulers Ruler in Onoguria years 469&ndash 503 after Utigur and Kazarig Kotzarig end box Category Monarchs of the Bulgars Category Ancient Bulgars Category 5th century monarchs in Europe Category 6th century monarchs in Europe Euro noble stub ukraine hist stub bg cv es Ernakh hr Ernah it Ernakh nl Ernakh sr uk ... more details
Refimprove date July 2010 A Khazar ruler probably the Khagan Bek bek , mentioned in the Schechter Text and the Khazar Correspondence , Benjamin was the son of the Khazar ruler Menahem Khazar and probably reigned in the late ninth and early tenth centuries CE. The only extant account of Benjamin s reign comes from the Schechter Text , whose anonymous author reported a war between Benjamin s Khazars and a coalition of five nations SY, TWRQY, BM, and PYYNYL, who were instigated and aided by MQDWN. MQDWN , or Macedon , is used in medieval Jewish documents to refer to the Byzantine Empire , particularly under its Macedonian dynasty 867 1025 . TWRQY can be identified with the Oghuz Turks Oghuz on Khazaria s eastern flank. The other three entities are less easily identifiable. In Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century , Omeljan Pritsak argued that PYYNYL was actually PTzNK Pecheneg , the misreading ascribed to the degradation of the letter itself. He further identified SY with the Asya, who he connects to the Burtas traditionally allies of the Khazars and BM with the remnants of the Onogurs and Bulgars still living in the Black Sea Pontic steppes. The Schechter Text identifies the Alans as Benjamin s only allies in this war, stating that many of the Alans had adopted Judaism by that time. The term Asya has been thought by some scholars to describe the Arsiya , suggesting the possibility of a Muslim revolt or attempted coup against Benjamin. Benjamin s son was Aaron II Khazar Aaron . References Kevin Alan Brook . The Jews of Khazaria. 2nd ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2006. Dunlop, Douglas M. The History of the Jewish Khazars, Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press, 1954. Golb, Norman and Omeljan Pritsak. Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century. Ithaca Cornell Univ. Press, 1982. External links http www.khazaria.com khazar biblio toc.html Bibliography of Khazar Studies Khazaria Category Khazar rulers Category Jewish monarchs Category 10th cen ... more details
Mugel ref name Kosztolnyik Kosztolnyik, Z. J., Hungary under the early rp ds, 890s to 1063, Distributed by Columbia University Press, 2002, pp. 28 29, ISBN 0 88033 503 3, Library of Congress control number 2002112276 ref or Muageris was the successor of Grod or Grodas , a Hunnic ruler, from the neighborhood of the city of Bosporus Boon Phoros cattle tax in Patria Onoguria. His reign lasted only 2 years, from AD 528 to 530. Not so long ago, historical research concluded the term magyar ref name Kosztolnyik derived from the name of prince Muageris, by arguing that Muageris had to be a personal name taken from the descriptive designation of a people. It presented the hypothesis that the Huns in the Crimea were, really, the Onogurs , and the names of the two princes mentioned by Malalas a chronicle Teophanes had, in his work also called Chronographia , copied data from the Malalas chronicle, and since he relied upon earlier manuscripts of the work, although not the original of the work, he preserved the Malalas report in more detail as living in the region of Maeotian Lake Sea of Azov and of the Kuban stream during the earlier half of the sixth century, actually referred to people under the rule of the Magyar Mugel tribe. See also List of Ukrainian rulers References reflist start box succession box before Grod title List of Hunnish rulers Hunnic Ruler br List of Ukrainian rulers Ruler in Onoguria br Prince of Magyars years 528 530 after Khinialon of Kedarigur br & br Sandilch of Onogur end box Categories Category History of Hungary Category History of the Hungarians Category Magyar tribal chieftains Category 6th century monarchs in Europe ukraine hist stub hungary hist stub bg uk ... more details
Barsils Barsilts , Chinese Baysi , were a semi nomad ic Eurasia n tribe of Turkic languages Turkic linguistic affiliation, and possibly identical with the Bagrasik . Barsils are first mentioned in the Chinese annals as the 15th of the 15 Turkic Tiele Tele tribes. ref Bichurin N.Ya., Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times , vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, Sect. 1 4 ref The Chinese records about the Western Turkic Kaganate ca. 630 mention a Khan of the Bars Tr. leopard tribe, a member of five Nushibi Ch. on shadapyt right wing tribes, under a name of Tun ashpa ra erkin. ref Yu. Zuev, The Strongest tribe Izgil Historical and Cultural Relations Between Iran and Dasht i Kipchak in the 13 18th c.c., Materials of International Round Table, Almaty, 2004, p. 53, ISBN 9965 699 14 3 ref Barsils are included in the list of steppe people living north of Derbend in the Late Antique Syria n compilation of Zacharias Rhetor , and are also mentioned in documents from the second half of the 6th century AD in connection with the westward migration of the Eurasian Avars . When the Avars arrived, according to Theophylact Simocatta , the Barsilt Barsilians , Onogurs , and Sabirs were struck with horror ... and honoured the new comers with brilliant gifts. In an Armenia n geography of the 7th century, the Barsils are described as living on an island, distinct from the Bulgars and Khazars and at odds with both nations. In addition, it describes them as possessing large flocks of sheep, supporting the notion that they were at least partly nomadic. Mikhail Artamonov theorized that Barsilia was located in northern Republic of Dagestan Daghestan , but subsequent scholars have disputed this theory, as the sedentary local population of the relevant period and region appears to have been, for the most part, settled in permanent fortress towns. Some archeologists believe that the Barsils lived near the Volga delta, which would explain the Armenian reference to the ... more details
Dengizich spelled Dengizikh in Priscus account spelled Dikkiz on a silver plate ref Mukhamadiev A.G., 1995, Khan Diggiz dish inscription Problems of lingo ethno history of the Tatar people , Kazan, Tatar Publishing, p. 75, ISBN 5 201 08300, in Russian ref died 468 ref http s155239215.onlinehome.us turkic 70 Dateline hun dateline En.htm Huns dateline ref or 469 ref Helmolt, Hans Ferdinand The World s History A Survey of Man s Record, page 328. W. Heinemann, 1907 via http books.google.com books?id ULFLAAAAMAAJ&pg PA324&dq Dengizich Google Book Search ref , ruler of the Akatziroi , was a son of Attila the Hun Attila . The other forms of his name are Denzic Marcellinus Comes , Chronicon , s. a. 469 and Dintzic Jordanes , Getica 272 . The form recorded by Priscus may include the title wise , for Dikkiz k reduced to Dikkizuk . ref Mukhamadiev A.G., 1995, Khan Diggiz dish inscription Problems of lingo ethno history of the Tatar people , p. 75 ref The word Dengizich means little sea in old Turkic D iziq, where ziq is the diminutive suffix ref name Dengiz http www.kroraina.com huns mh mh 6.html Dengizich Otto Maenchen Helfen The World of the Huns ref . This is also said to be the root of the name Genghis Khan Genghis . It could be translated as Turkish, Dokuz ok Nine tribes which is possibly a mis interpretation of his nation instead of personal name. Some time during his reign, the Utigurs Onogurs first crossed the river Volga according to Zacharias Rhetor ref name Zacharias The Syrian compilation of Church Historian Zacharias Rhetor bishop of Mytilene ref . Priscus is clearer, saying that in 463 AD a mixed Saragur, Urog and Unogur embassy asked Byzantium for an alliance, having been dislodged by the Avars drive towards the west. ref name Priscus Priscus. Excerpta de legationibus. Ed. S. de Boor. Berolini, 1903, p. 586 ref References reflist start box succession box before Karadach br Ellac title List of Hunnish rulers Hunnic Ruler years 458&ndash 469 after ... more details
Infobox islands name Onogur Islands image name image caption locator map Robert Island location map.png thumb map caption Location of Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands. nickname location Antarctica coordinates coord 62 21 07 S 59 41 00 W archipelago South Shetland Islands total islands major islands area km2 area ha 21 area convert 21 ha acre abbr on ref name area ref area footnotes ref name area length km width km highest mount elevation m population 0 population as of density km2 ethnic groups country Antarctica additional info Administered under the Antarctic Treaty System Onogur Islands lang bg , Onogurski ostrovi o no gur ski os tro vi is the group of nine islands and some islets and rocks adjacent to the northwest coast of Robert Island South Shetland Islands Robert Island in the South Shetland Islands , Antarctica . Situated between Carlota Cove to the southwest and Clothier Harbour to the northeast, and convert 700 m yd abbr on southeast of Cornwall Island Antarctica Cornwall Island . The surface areas of the largest two islands are convert 11 ha acre and convert 10 ha acre respectively. ref name area L.L. Ivanov. http id team.org apc Apcbg Web New files image023.jpg Antarctica Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1 120000 topographic map. Troyan Manfred W rner Foundation, 2009. ISBN 978 954 92032 6 4 ref The island group is named after the settlement of Onogur settlement Onogur in northeastern Bulgaria in connection with the Onogurs Onogur Bulgars 5th 7th century . Location Onogur Islands are located at coord 62 21 07 S 59 41 00 W . British mapping in 1822 and 1968, Chilean in 1971, Argentine in 1980, and Bulgarian in 2009. See also Composite Antarctic Gazetteer List of Antarctic and sub Antarctic islands List of Antarctic islands south of 60 S List of Antarctic islands south of 60 S Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research SCAR Territorial claims in Antarctica References reflist External links ... more details
Tribe The Khazar Empire and its Heritage, Koestler, Arthur ref the Onogurs were led by Prince rpad, breaking part of the Khazars empire. rpad led 10 tribes Onogurs doing what was known as the second ... more details
people Hungarians or the Oghur languages Oghurs Onogurs Tilmac Tilmic Tir sz Tauri . In the Chronicles ... the Hungarian people Hungarians or the Oghur languages Oghurs Onogurs Tulmes Tir sz Tauri Another ... Hungarians or Oghur languages Oghurs Onogurs Tilmaz Tir sz Tauri . In Arabic records, Togorma s tribes ... more details
distinguish Uyghur language Oghuz languages No footnotes date June 2011 Infobox language family name Oghur familycolor Altaic region Chuvashia fam2 Turkic languages Turkic child1 Chuvash language Chuvash child2 Khazar language Khazar child3 Hunnic language Hunnic Possibly child4 Turkic Avar iso3 xbo Notability date January 2012 The Oghur or Bulgar also spelled Ogur , Oghur , Oguric Bulghar , Bolgar , and variants also known as Lir Turkic , are a separate branch of the Turkic languages Turkic language family . It was historically spoken in Volga Bulgaria . Its only extant member is the Chuvash language . It was thus presumably the language spoken in the historical Onogurs tribal confederation, including the Bulgars , the Khazar language Khazars and the Eurasian Avars Language Eurasian Avar s, but it is uncertain whether Chuvash is directly descended from any of these, or a separate branch within this dialect group Johanson 1998 . The Oghur group is characterized by the sound correspondences Oghuric l vs. Common Turkic i.e. non Oghur Turkic and Oghuric r vs. Common Turkic z , for which reason it is also known as Lir Turkic , or r Turkic . The name oghur itself is an example of the r z isogloss, being cognate with oghuz in Common Turkic. dj Turkic is also used for Oghur, in reference to a sound change from i to dj . References Brook, Kevin Alan. 2004. Tales about Jewish Khazars in the Byzantine Empire Resolve an Old Debate . Los Muestros No. 54, pp. 27 29. http www.sefarad.org publication lm 054 page27.html Brook, Kevin Alan. 2006. The Jews of Khazaria. Lanham, MD Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2nd ed. 1999. Northvale, N.J. Jason Aronson, 1st ed. http tunkelfamilysite.com khazaria.html Clark, Larry. 1998. Chuvash. In Johanson & Csat , pp. 434 452. Clauson, Gerard. 1972. An etymological dictionary of pre thirteenth century Turkish . Oxford Oxford University Press. D csy, Gyula. 1998. The Turkic protolanguage A computational reconstruction . Bloomington, IN ... more details
Infobox monarch name Asparuh title Ruler of Bulgaria image KhanAsparuh.jpg caption Monument in Dobrich , Bulgaria reign 681&ndash 701 coronation predecessor Kubrat successor Tervel of Bulgaria Tervel consort issue Tervel br Ajjar of Bulgaria Ajjar royal house Dulo clan Dulo royal anthem father Kubrat mother birth date around 640 birth place death date 701 death place Dnieper River buried Asparuh or Isperih or Ispor lang bg , Asparuh or , Isperih was ruler of a Bulgars Bulgar tribe in the second half of the 7th century and is credited with the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 680 681. Early life The Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans states that Asparuh belonged to the Dulo clan and reigned for 61 years. This long period cannot be accepted as accurate due to chronological constraints, and may indicate the length of Asparuh s life. According to the chronology developed by Moskov, Asparuh would have reigned 668&ndash 695. Other chronologies frequently end his reign in 700 or 701 but cannot be reconciled with the testimony of the Namelist . According to the Byzantine sources, Asparuh was a younger son of Kubrat , who had established a spacious state Great Bulgaria in the steppes of modern Ukraine . Asparuh may have gained experience in politics and politician statesmanship during the long reign of his father, who probably died in 665 apud Moskov . According to C f r Tar x Djagfar Tarikhy a work of disputed authenticity Asparukh was made the leader of the Onogurs Onogur tribe by his father. After his father s death, Asparuh would have acknowledged the rule of his older brother Bat Bayan, but the state disintegrated under Khazars Khazar attack in 668, and he and his brothers parted ways, leading their people to seek a more secure home in other lands. Image The foundation of the BG.png left thumb 200px The foundation of the First Bulgarian Empire Establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire main Battle of Ongal Asparukh was followed by 30,000 to ... more details
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