Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Ontology Libraries are storage areas for ontology computer science ontologies . There is no one ontology language computer scienceontology language , therefore ontology libraries are usually restricted to plain text file s or some XML storage format, mostly plain files again. Advanced solutions for ontology persistence in RDBMS s are now widely available. When the ontology representation is Resource Description Framework RDF based RDF, Web Ontology Language OWL dialects , those are also called triple stores because of the RDF statement triples. One exemplary solution can be found in the Java based Jena toolkit. Good libraries also support ontology query language s like SPARQL . DEFAULTSORT Ontology Library InformationScience Category Ontologyinformationscience Comp sci stub ... more details
In computer science and informationscience , an ontology formally represents knowledge as a set of concepts ... Software engineering computable knowledge DEFAULTSORT OntologyInformationScience Category Knowledge engineering Category Technical communication Category Informationscience Category Semantic Web Category Ontologyinformationscience Category Knowledge representation ar ... engineering , biomedical informatics , library science , enterprise bookmarking , and information architecture ... ref is credited with a deliberate definition of ontology as a technical term in computer science ... card meanings. An Upper ontology computer science upper ontology or foundation ontology is a model ... to Ontology Building journal Information Systems volume 34 issue 2 publisher Elsevier pages 258 275 ... bfo title Basic Formal Ontology BFO publisher Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical InformationScience IFOMIS accessdate ref a formal upper ontology designed to support scientific research ... modules of the geopolitical ontology into different formats RDF, XML, and EXCEL . See more information ... Ontology of the Protein Information Resource, Georgetown University. Program abstraction ... on Research Challenges in InformationScience RCIS , Morocco 2007. Mizoguchi, R. 2004 . http www.ei.sanken.osaka .... http precedings.nature.com documents 2027 version 2 OntologyScience , in C. Eschenbach and M. Gruninger eds. , Formal Ontology in Information Systems. Proceedings of FOIS 2008, Amsterdam New York ISO ... User Modeling Meta ontology . Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3538 448. External links Commons .... In theory, an ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualisation . ref ... ontology specifications journal Knowledge Acquisition volume 5 issue 2 pages 199 220 ref An ontology ... PDF accessdate 26 November 2008 ref Ontologies are the structural frameworks for organizing information ... . Overview The term ontology has its origin in philosophy and has been applied in many different ... more details
morefootnotes date February 2011 essaylike date October 2010 In informationscience , an upper ontology also known as a top level ontology or foundation ontology is an Ontology computer scienceontology ... by Luc Schneider at the Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical InformationScience at the University ... InformationScience year 2003 ref This ontology was developed not only to create a particular ... InformationScience Category Knowledge representation Category Technical communication Category Informationscience Category Ontologyinformationscience Category Article Feedback 5 it Ontologia ... of Computing and Information 2004 , the initial project of building one single ontology ... . An important function of an upper ontology is to support very broad semantic interoperability between a large number of ontologies which are accessible ranking under this upper ontology. As the rank ... incentive to promote one ontology over the competing systems. Debates notwithstanding, it can be said that a very important part of each upper ontology can be considered as the computational implementation ... the philosophical discipline of physical ontology . Library classification systems predate these upper ontology systems. Though library classifications organize and categorize knowledge using general ... , and accordingly any standard foundation ontology is likely to be contested among commercial or political ... ontology has yet gained widespread acceptance as a de facto standard. Different organizations have ... important factor leading to the absence of wide adoption of any existing upper ontology is the complexity. An upper ontology typically has from 2,000 to 10,000 elements classes, relations , with complex ... for local applications tend to create the simplest possible domain specific ontology, not related to any upper ontology. Such domain ontologies may function adequately for the local purpose, but they are very ... over whether the concept of using a single, shared upper ontology is even feasible or practical ... more details
Refimprove date January 2012 Hatnote This article concerns ontology in philosophy. For the concept in informationscience, see Ontologyinformationscience . Not to be confused with the medical concepts ... categorical schemes that ontology relates to such fields as library and informationscience library science and artificial intelligence . Such an understanding of ontological categories, however, is merely ... paradox Philosophy of mathematics Philosophy of science Philosophy of space and time Physical ontology ... to propose an ontological characterization of the fundamental nature of reality. Ontology from ... logia logia science , study , theory is the philosophy philosophical study of the nature of being , existence .... Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics , ontology .... Citation needed date January 2012 Overview Ontology, in analytic philosophy , concerns the determination ... a variety of Moderate realism other positions but any ontology must give an account of which words ... , ontology becomes fundamental to many branches of philosophy. Citation needed date January 2012 Some fundamental questions Principal questions of ontology are What can be said to exist? , Into what ... Determinism and indeterminism History of ontology Etymology While the etymology is Greek, the oldest ... date January 2012 The first occurrence in English of ontology as recorded by the OED Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, 1989 appears in Nathaniel Bailey s dictionary of 1721, which defines ontology .... Containing Philosophy in general, Metaphysicks or Ontology, Dynamilogy or a Discourse of Power ... and deceitful. Most of western philosophy , and science including the fundamental concepts of falsifiability ... From Aristotle to Ecological Ontology The Life and Motion of SocioEconomic Units GISDATA 8 , London Taylor and Francis, 2001, 79 97. ref , and cognitive science . Citation needed date January .... ref Even the focus of traditional ontology on the whatness or quidditas of beings in their substantial ... more details
The Disease Ontology is a formal ontologyinformationscienceontology of human disease . It was originally developed at Northwestern University and is associated with the Open Biomedical Ontologies Foundry . External links http do wiki.nubic.northwestern.edu index.php Main Page DO Wiki Category Ontologyinformationscience ... more details
infobox biodatabase title SO logo File Database.png description Biological sequence ontology scope organism center WormBase , FlyBase , the Mouse Genome Informatics group, and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Sanger Institute laboratory author pmid released standard format url http www.sequenceontology.org download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version The Sequence Ontology , or SO , is an ontologyinformationscienceontology suitable for describing sequence biology biological sequences . ref cite pmid 15892872 ref ref cite pmid 20226267 ref References Reflist External links cite web url http www.sequenceontology.org title The Sequence Ontology author work publisher Sequence Ontology accessdate 2011 09 19 Category Bioinformatics Category Ontologyinformationscience Category Biological databases ... more details
Ontology versioning is the process of formally distinguishing between different versions of vocabularies. See also Semantic Web References 1 Michel Klein, Dieter Fensel. Ontology versioning on the Semantic Web. In Proceedings of the International Semantic Web Working Symposium SWWS . Stanford University, 2001. CiteSeer 2 KWTR ontology versioning http semanticweb.org wiki KWTR ontology versioning 3 Peter Plessers, Olga De Troyer Ontology Change Detection using a Version Log,http citeseerx.ist.psu.edu viewdoc summary?doi 10.1.1.84.2835 DEFAULTSORT Ontology Versioning Category Ontologyinformationscience ... more details
Multiple issues notability April 2010 orphan March 2010 Financial Fraud Prevention Oriented Information Resources using Ontology Technology FF POIROT explores the use of Ontologyinformationscienceontology ... Ontologyinformationscienceontology methodology and a computer based, formalized knowledge repository of conceptual information on financial fraud. The project anticipated assisting three distinct user communities, such as the investigative and monitoring bodies to enrich information retrieval ... Ontology of Fraud 2006 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 566 Springer Berlin Heidelberg ref The FF POIROT project was an Fifth Framework Programme EU fifth framework funded, Information Society ... name Spyns Spyns, P FF POIROT Financial Fraud Prevention Oriented Information Resources using Ontology Technology IST 2001 38248 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dept. of Computer Science, STAR Lab ref ... science. ref Kingston, J, Schafer, B and Vandenberghe, W Towards a Financial Fraud Ontology ... Fraud Prevention Oriented Information Resources Using Ontology Technology Ff Poirot Category ... tools to build potentially standardised ontologies Commercially exploit the ontology or parts of it as a set ... content from interrelated domains Ontology server technology and ontology tools for alignment, editing ... methodology , and then build an initial ontology base and interpretation layer. The system then mines ... and merged via collaboration validation the intermediary results into a final domain ontology. Questionnaires and metrics are then computed by user trials and evaluation the ontology and demonstrators ... ontology incorporates a knowledge system application involving natural language processing ref cite web title FF POIROT Ontology Development Portal IST 2001 38248 pp7 url http www.starlab.vub.ac.be ... decision making is explicitly traceable. ref R. Meersman et al. Eds. Engineering an Ontology of Financial ... of knowledge engineering in the project is that it is founded on an approach that uses ontology ... more details
formal ontology in philosophy. In informationscience, a formal ontology is an ontologyinformationscience that is defined by axiom s in a formal language , typically an ontology language . Those formal ontologies may or may not be based on the kind of formal Upper ontologyinformationscience upper level ontology described here. In philosophy, the term formal ontology is used to refer to an ontology ... help the modeler of Problem domain domain or application specific ontologyinformationscience ontologies informationscience to avoid possibly erroneous ontological assumptions encountered in modeling large scale ontologies. By maintaining an independent view on reality a formal upper level ontology gains the following properties indefinite expandability the ontology remains consistent with increasing ... In informationscience an ontology is formal if it is specified in a formal language , otherwise ... 2008 See also Ontologyinformationscience Upper ontologyinformationscience References reflist ... Ontology Category Logic Category Ontologyinformationscience Category Formal sciences de Formale Ontologie ... Upper ontology computer science DOLCE and DnS DOLCE . Others classify qualities as a subsection ... between the content and structure of the external information sources and the formal ontology itself ... information source and a concept in the formal ontology that corresponds with the meaning of the former concept. Where two or more external information sources map to one and the same formal ontology ... and Aristotle . Existing formal upper level ontologies foundational ontologies main Upper ontologyinformationscience Basic Formal Ontology BFO Basic Formal Ontology Upper ontology computer science DOLCE and DnS DOLCE Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering General Formal Ontology GFO General Formal Ontology Object centered high level reference ontology OCHRE Object Centered High level REference ontology Suggested Upper Merged Ontology SUMO Suggested Upper Merged Ontology ... more details
Ontology merging defines the act of bringing together two conceptually divergent ontology computer science ontologies or the instance data associated to two ontologies. This is similar to work in database merging schema matching . This merging process can be performed in a number of ways, manually, semi automatically, or automatically. Manual ontology merging although ideal is extremely labour intensive and current research attempts to find semi or entirely automated techniques to merge ontologies. These techniques are statistically driven often taking into account similarity of concepts and raw similarity of instances through textual string metrics and semantic knowledge. These techniques are similar to those used in information integration employing string metrics from open source similarity libraries such as SimMetrics . See also ontology mapping data integration Category Ontologyinformationscience Category Data management ... more details
Refimprove date August 2007 Expert subject Philosophy date November 2008 In philosophy , a core ontology is a basic and minimal ontology consisting only of the minimal concepts required to understand the other concepts. It must be based on a core glossary in some human language so humans can comprehend the concepts and distinctions made. Each natural language tends to rely on its own conceptual metaphor structure, and so tends to have its own core ontology according to W. V. Quine . It could be said also to represent the moral core of a human linguistics linguistic culture , and to self correct so as to better represent core cultural ideas. Such a core ontology is a key pre requisite to a more complete foundation ontology , or a more general philosophical sense of ontology. Most applicable to education teaching , e.g. the Longmans defining dictionary of the simplest meanings of 2,000 English words is used to define the 4,000 most basic English idiom s this is a core glossary of the English language , which permits access to the core ontology the idioms . Core ontologies is a concept that is used in informationscience as well. For example the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model CIDOC CRM is referred to as a core ontology. References reflist http rdfs.org sioc spec SIOC Core Ontology Specification at rdfs.org http www.w3.org 2005 04 FSWS Submissions 25 paper html.html Semantic Management of Web Services using the Core Ontology of Services at w3.org Category Ontology Category Lexicography philo stub ... more details
GOLD G eneral O ntology for L inguistic D escription is an ontology computer scienceontology for descriptive linguistics . It gives a formalized account of the most basic categories and relations used in the scientific description of human language. br GOLD was first introduced by Farrar and Langendoen 2003 . Originally, it was envisioned as a solution to the problem of resolving disparate markup schemes for linguistic data, in particular data from endangered language s. Meanwhile, GOLD is much more general and can be applied to all languages. It is a work in progress, currently carried out by the LINGUIST List , among others. External links http www.linguistics ontology.org gold.html GOLD linguistics stub Category Linguistics Category Informationscience Category Semantic Web Category Ontologyinformationscience ... more details
Cognitive ontology is ontology study of being which begins from features of human cognition directly, as opposed to its collective summary which is reflected in language . The more radical forms of it challenge also the central position of mathematics as just another language which bias es human cognition. Perceptual psychology is a very closely related field, as it studies the limits of what humans can perceive. Barry Smith ontologist Barry Smith is perhaps the principal developer of this field, ref Smith, B. 1995 Formal Ontology, Common Sense and Cognitive Science. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, Vol. 43, p. 641 66 http cogprints.org 309 available at Cogprints ref ref Cognitive ontology and NP form K Fraurud Pragmatics & beyond. New series, 1996 ref ref Belief in Psychology A Study in the Ontology of Mind JL Garfield 1988 MIT Press ref and has also developed the related topic of na ve physics . References reflist DEFAULTSORT Cognitive Ontology Category Ontology Philo stub ... more details
About the application of philosophical ontology the term in computer scienceontology computer science Applied ontology involves the practical application of ontological resources to specific domains, such as biomedicine or geography . Much work in applied ontology is carried out within the framework of the semantic web . See foundation ontology and ontology computer science . Applying ontology to Interpersonal relationship relationship s The challenge of applying ontology is ontology s emphasis ... ontologist with a focus on biomedicine Nicola Guarino , researcher in the formal ontology of information systems References Reflist External references http www.applied ontology.org Applied Ontology journal , abstracted in the ACM Guide to Computing Literature http www.formalontology.org Formal Ontology in Information Systems interdisciplinary conference on Applied Ontology http www.iaoa.org International Association for Ontology and its Applications , focusing on the applications of ontological analysis to conceptual modeling, knowledge engineering, knowledge management, information systems development, library and informationscience, scientific research, and semantic technologies in general http www.loa cnr.it Laboratory for Applied Ontology LOA ISTC CNR , researching the use of ontologies ... European Center for Ontological Research , applying ontology to a variety of problems in informationscience and related areas http www.ncgia.buffalo.edu i21 i21report.html Ontology applied to geography ... rather than on doing as implied by applied science applied or on knowledge knowing . One way in which ... perspective is one of the driving forces behind relationship oriented applied ontology. ref ... ontology can also involve looking at the relationship between a person s world and that person ... ontology Applied philosophy Martin Heidegger John Searle Fernando Flores Bertrand Russell Citation ... Web http ncor.us National Center for Ontological Research , covering applications in fields such as ontology ... more details
Ontology learning ontology extraction , ontology generation , or ontology acquisition is a subtask of information extraction . The goal of ontology computer scienceontology learning is to semi automatically extract relevant concepts and relations from a given Text corpus corpus or other kinds of data sets to form an ontology. The automatic creation of ontologies is a task that involves many disciplines. Typically, the process starts by extracting terms and concepts or noun phrases noun phrase from plain text using a method from terminology extraction . This usually involves linguistic processors e.g. Part of speech tagging part of speech tagging , phrase chunking . Then statistical ref A. Maedche ... relation signatures.The intentional aspects of domain are formalized by Ontology. Extensional part is commanded by the knowledge based on instances of concepts and relations on the basis of ontology ... extracts a domain taxonomy i.e., the backbone of an ontology from scratch ref R. Navigli, P. Velardi ... Intelligence IJCAI 2011 , Barcelona, Spain, July 19 22nd, 2011. ref . See also Information extraction Semantic Web Computational linguistics Natural language processing Ontology computer science Domain ontologies and upper ontologies Domain Ontology Taxonomy Glossary Text simplification Text mining References reflist 2 Bibliography P. Buitelaar, P. Cimiano Eds. . Ontology Learning and Population Bridging the Gap between Text and Knowledge, Series information for Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications , IOS Press, 2008. P. Buitelaar, P. Cimiano, and B. Magnini Eds. . Ontology Learning from Text Methods, Evaluation and Applications, Series information for Frontiers in Artificial ..., W. & Bennamoun, M. In Press , http goanna.cs.rmit.edu.au e87368 paper 233282242.pdf Ontology Learning ... Category Natural language processing Category Artificial intelligence Category Ontology learning computer science eu Terminologia ateratze it Apprendimento di ontologie ... more details
In computer science and artificial intelligence , ontology languages are formal language s used to construct ontologyinformationscience ontologies . They allow the encoding of knowledge about specific Field of study domains and often include reasoning rules that support the processing of that knowledge. Ontology languages are usually declarative language s, are almost always generalizations of frame language s, and are commonly based on either first order logic or on description logic . Classification Traditional ontology languages Common Logic and its dialects CycL DOGMA Developing Ontology Grounded Methods and Applications F Logic Frame Logic Knowledge Interchange Format KIF Knowledge Interchange Format Ontolingua based on KIF KL ONE KM programming language LOOM ontology OCML Operational Conceptual Modelling Language OKBC Open Knowledge Base Connectivity PLIB Parts LIBrary RACER system RACER By syntax Markup ontology languages These languages use a markup language markup scheme to encode knowledge, most commonly with XML . DAMLplusOIL DAML OIL Ontology Inference Layer OIL Web Ontology Language OWL Resource Description Framework RDF RDF Schema RDFS Simple HTML Ontology Extensions SHOE By structure Frame based FLogic F Logic , OKBC , and KM programming language KM are completely or partially frame data structure frame based languages. Description logic based Description logic ... and support for arbitrary predicates. Examples include KL ONE , RACER system RACER , and Web ontology language OWL . Gellish is an example of a combined ontology language and ontology that is description ... A Roadmap to Ontology Specification Languages 2000 http www.inf.unibz.it franconi dl course Introduction to Description Logics DL course by Enrico Franconi, Faculty of Computer Science, Free University of Bolzano, Italy logic compu sci stub Category Ontologyinformationscience Category Knowledge representation languages Category Ontology languages uk zh ... more details
A semantic Wiki DEFAULTSORT Ontology Editor Category Ontologyinformationscience Category ...External links date August 2010 Ontology editors are applications designed to assist in the creation or manipulation of ontology computer science ontologies . They often express ontologies in one of many ontology language computer scienceontology languages . Some provide export to other ontology languages ... an ontology editor are the degree to which the editor abstracts from the actual Ontology language computer scienceontology representation language used for persistence and the visual navigation possibilities within the knowledge model . Next come built in inference engine s and information extraction facilities, and the support of Upper ontology computer science upper ontologies such as OWL S , Dublin ... languages for ontology matching . br Ontologies are developed for a specific purpose and application. Ensure the tool has the right interface for the informationscience team developing it which ... can be used i.e. that the tool has an API or appropriate export capability to plug the ontology into the desired application s . Example editors http www.a k a.com.au ?page id 43 a.k.a. software Ontology ... products anzo for excel Anzo for Excel Includes an RDFS and OWL ontology editor within ... Other web service by Stanford http coe.ihmc.us CmapTools Ontology Editor COE Java based ontology ... OMG s Ontology Definition MetaModel which includes Web Ontology Language OWL and Resource Description ... editor with Controlled Natural Language Controlled English . Supports Web Ontology Language OWL ... demos java joe joeBeta jar.html Java Ontology Editor JOE 1998 KAON single user and server based ... KMgen Ontology editor for the KM language. http www.cs.utexas.edu users mfkb RKF km.html KM The Knowledge Machine http www.knoodl.com Knoodl Free web application service that is an ontology editor, wiki , and Digital repository ontology registry . Supports creation of communities where members can ... more details
Plant ontology PO is a set of controlled vocabularies ontology ontologies , developed by the Plant Ontology Consortium . These ontologies describe plant structures and growth and developmental stages, providing a semantic framework for cross species queries across databases. Project Members New York Botanical Garden L. H. Bailey Hortorium at Cornell University Oregon State University Ensembl SoyBase SSWAP SGN Gramene The Arabidopsis Information Resource TAIR MaizeGDB University of Missouri at St. Louis Missouri Botanical Garden See also Generic Model Organism Database Open Biomedical Ontologies http obofoundry.org OBO Foundry References Plant Structure Ontology PSO A morphological and anatomical ontology of flowering plants. http www.springer.com computer computational biology and bioinformatics book 978 1 84628 884 5 In Anatomy Ontologies for Bioinformatics, Springer, 2008, p 27 42 The Plant Ontology Database a community resource for plant structure and development stages controlled vocabulary and annotations. http nar.oxfordjournals.org cgi content full 36 suppl 1 D449 Nucleic Acid Research, 2008, 36 Database issue D449 D454 The Plant Structure Ontology, a unified vocabulary of anatomy and morphology of a flowering plant. http www.plantphysiol.org cgi content full 143 2 587 Plant Physiology,2007, 143 587 599 Whole plant growth stage ontology for angiosperms and its application in plant biology. http www.plantphysiol.org cgi content full 142 2 414 Plant Physiology, 2006,142 414 428 Plant Ontology PO a controlled vocabulary of plant structures and growth stages. http www.hindawi.com GetPDF.aspx?doi 10.1002 cfg.496 Comparative and Functional Genomics, 2005, Volume 6 7 8 , 388 397 The Plant Ontology Consortium and Plant Ontologies. http onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi 10.1002 ... Plant Ontology Consortium http www.gramene.org Gramene http www.Arabidopsis.org TAIR ... Plant Ontology Category Botany botany stub ... more details
Geopolitical Ontology Category Ontology Category Ontologyinformationscience Category Knowledge ... center Figure 1. An example of concepts and relationship in the geopolitical ontology. The advantage of describing information in an ontology is that it enables to acquire domain knowledge by defining ... ontology to improve interoperability of corporate information systems It is possible to download ... ontology need to be permanent, consequently all transient information, such as year, version ... of introducing the geopolitical ontology in FAO Country Profiles. The FAO Country Profiles is an information ... Profiles where the geopolitical ontology is described. See also Agricultural Information Management ...A geopolitical ontology is a mechanism to describe, manage and exchange data related to geopolitical entities such as countries, territories, regions and other similar areas. Definitions and examples An OntologyinformationscienceOntology is a kind of dictionary that describes information in a certain domain using concepts and relationships. It is often implemented using Web Ontology Language OWL Web Ontology Language , an XML based standard language that can be interpreted by computers. A Concept is defined as abstract knowledge. For example, in the geopolitical ontology a United Nations list ... group are concepts. Concepts are explicitly implemented in the ontology with individuals and classes ... science Object properties between individuals of two classes. For example, has member and is in group ..., and assigning restrictions. FAO ontology The geopolitical ontology, developed by the FAO ... ID codes for territories and groups. Moreover, the FAO geopolitical ontology tracks historical changes ... country area, land area, agricultural area, GDP or population . The FAO geopolitical ontology ... purl.org dc elements 1.1 description . In summary, the main objectives of the FAO geopolitical ontology are To provide the most updated geopolitical information names, codes, relationships, statistics ... more details
Space Systems Architectures . NASA, JPL. ref Ontology engineering in computer science and informationscience is a new field, which studies the methods and methodologies for building Ontologyinformationscience ontologies formal representations of a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships .... ref Ontologyinformationscience Ontologies provide a common vocabulary of an area and define, with different ... science Computer Science AI OntologyinformationscienceOntologyOntology learning Ontology ... Computer science Semantic Web DEFAULTSORT Ontology Engineering Category Knowledge engineering Category Technical communication Category Informationscience Category Semantic Web Category Ontologyinformationscience Category Artificial intelligence Category Bioinformatics it Costruzione di ...Image MBED Top Level Ontology.jpg thumb 360px Example of a constructed MBED Top Level Ontology based ... bfo BeyondConcepts.pdf ref Overview Quote Ontology engineering aims at making explicit ... for a particular domain. Ontology engineering offers a direction towards solving the inter operability ... terms and software classes. Ontology engineering is a set of tasks related to the development of ontologies for a particular domain. Line Pouchard , Nenad Ivezic and Craig Schlenoff Ontology ... and Craig Schlenoff 2000 http www.mel.nist.gov msidlibrary doc AISfinal2.pdf Ontology Engineering ... used in knowledge engineering , artificial intelligence and computer science in applications related to areas such as knowledge management , natural language processing , e commerce , intelligent information ... engineering is a new field of study concerning the ontology development process, the ontology ... j.is.2008.07.002 title A software engineering approach to ontology building year 2009 last1 Denicola first1 A last2 Missikoff first2 M last3 Navigli first3 R journal Information Systems volume 34 issue 2 pages 258 ref and the tool suites and languages that support them. Ontology languages See ontology ... more details
Ontology Chart Category Charts Category Ontologyinformationscience ... determiners have a second antecedent the measurement standard. They are usually dropped from the Ontology .... No Ontology chart node has more than two ontological antecedents. Where you find an arc on the ontology chart between a role name and a node, read that as an arc between the right hand side ..., Ontology charts are a graphical representation of semi lattice structures specifically ... power, simplicity and if drawn well elegant as well. Because Ontology charts have a Root that all ... Tsaramirsis 2007 . Mapping Ontology Charts to Class Diagrams , ICOS2007. Ades, Y. 1999 . Semantic ... in information systems engineering . Cambridge University Press. Ronald Stamper Stamper, R.K. ..., J.. New York Academic Press. Ronald Stamper 1996 Signs, Information, Norms and Systems . In B ... more details
Citations missing article date April 2008 The term weak ontology has unrelated meanings in computer science and political theory . Once the political science meaning is expanded a little more, this article can be split into two and given a disambiguation page. Computer science In computer science, a weak ontology computer scienceontology is one that is not sufficiently rigorous to allow software to infer new facts without an intervention by human beings the end users of the software system . This distinction does not apply to the ontology philosophical term , because in philosophy all inference is performed by human beings. Accordingly, from the point of view of computer science , philosophers do only weak ontology, except to the degree that their work converges with mathematics , Boolean logic , and other subfields in which automatic reasoning is known to be possible. By this standard which evolved as artificial intelligence methods became more sophisticated, and computers were used to model high human impact decisions most database s use weak ontologies. A weak ontology is adequate for many purposes, including education , where one teaches a set of distinctions and trying to induce the power to make those distinctions in the student. Stronger ontologies only tend to evolve as the weaker ones prove deficient. This phenomenon of ontology becoming stronger over time parallels observations in folk taxonomy about taxonomy as a society practices more labour specialization , it tends to become intolerant of confusions and mixed metaphors, and sorts them into formal profession s or practices ... of politics at the University of Virginia . DEFAULTSORT Weak Ontology Category Ontologyinformationscience Compu AI stub ... in such schemes as microformats as more and more forums agree. These weak ontology ... than is possible with Index term keyword ing. Political theory Weak ontology has a different, unrelated ... more details
In computer science , a process ontology is a description of the components and their relationships that make up a process. A formal process ontology is an Ontologyinformationscienceontology in the knowledge domain of processes. Often such ontologies take advantage of the benefits of an Upper ontologyinformationscience upper ontology . Automated planning and scheduling Planning software can be used ... abstract and executable plans. Upper ontologyinformationscience DOLCE and DnS DOLCE ref cite web ... categories underlying natural language and human commonsense. Upper ontologyinformationscience ... University of Leipzig year 2010 ref Upper ontologyinformationscience General Formal Ontology .28GFO.29 ... Process philosophy Sequence of events Systems theory Upper ontologyinformationscience References ... Onto Med http www.m3pe.org multi meta model process engineering m3pe Category Ontologyinformationscience ... information, between different workflow management systems Process Specification Language PSL an ontology .... Numerous efforts have been made to define a process planning ontology. ref cite web author Gangemi ... D07 url http www.loa cnr.it Papers D07 v21a.pdf publisher Laboratory for Applied Ontology LOA year 2005 pages 9 26 ref In philosophy , a process ontology refers to a universal model of the structure ... ref Such ontologies are Fundamental ontology Fundamental Ontologies , in contrast to the so called Applied ontology Applied Ontologies . Fundamental ontologies do not claim to be accessible to any empirical ... be explained and put together consistently. Throughout Western history, the dominating fundamental ontology ... Language The Process Specification Language PSL is a process ontology developed for the formal description and modeling of basic manufacturing, engineering and business processes. This ontology ... D07 url http www.loa cnr.it Papers D07 v21a.pdf publisher Laboratory for Applied Ontology ... In a process planning ontology developed for the ontology Cyc, classes and relations above the ground ... more details
The notion of ontology modularization refers to a methodological principle in ontology engineering . The idea is that an ontology is built in a modular manner, i.e. developed as a set of small modules and later composed to form, and be used as, one modular ontology. One of the major research meetings on ontology modularization is the International Workshop on Modular Ontologies series. See also Ontology double articulation principle. References http www.springer.com computer database management & information retrieval book 978 3 642 01906 7 Modular Ontologies, Concepts, Theories and Techniques for Knowledge Modularization Stuckenschmidt, Heiner Parent, Christine Spaccapietra, Stefano Eds. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science LNCS Vol. 5445. 2009. Springer. ISBN 978 3 642 01906 7 External Links to Past and Future Workshops http www.informatik.uni bremen.de okutz womo5 Fifth International Workshop on Modular Ontologies WoMO 11 , Ljubljana, Slovenia, August 2011 co located with ESSLLI 2011 . http www.informatik.uni bremen.de okutz womo4 Fourth International Workshop on Modular Ontologies WOMO 10 , held at Toronto, Canada, May 11, 2010 co located with FOIS 2010 . http dkm.fbk.eu worm08 International Workshop on Ontologies Reasoning and Modularity WORM 08 . Tenerife, Spain, June 2, 2008. co located with ESWC 2008. http ftp.informatik.rwth aachen.de Publications CEUR WS Vol 348 Proceeding http webrum.uni mannheim.de math lski WoMO07 Second International Workshop on Modular Ontologies WOMO 07 , October 28, 2007. Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. co located with K Cap 2007 http ftp.informatik.rwth aachen.de Publications CEUR WS Vol 315 Proceeding http www.cild.iastate.edu events womo.html First International Workshop on Modular Ontologies WOMO 06 , November 5, 2006, Athens, Georgia, USA, co located with ISWC 2006 http ftp.informatik.rwth aachen.de Publications CEUR WS Vol 232 Proceeding Category Ontologyinformationscience Category Holism ... more details
providing their own ontologyinformationscience ontologies , ontology matching has taken a critical place for helping heterogeneous resources to interoperate. Ontology alignment tools find classes ... by Instance Enrichment Category Ontologyinformationscience Category Semantic Web Category Knowledge engineering Category Informationscience Category Knowledge representation ru ..., some with inspiration from Cognitive Science and some independently. Ontology alignment tools ... math are homogeneous ontology terms. Cognitive Science For cognitive scientist s interested in ontology ... Ontology Visualization Tool. References Reflist 2 See also Ontology computer science Rule Interchange ...Ontology alignment , or ontology matching , is the process of determining correspondences between concept ... meaning, in computer science , cognitive science or philosophy . Computer Science For computer scientist s, concepts are expressed as labels for data. Historically, the need for ontology alignment ... Shvaiko J r me Euzenat and Pavel Shvaiko. 2007. http book.ontologymatching.org Ontology matching ... Learning with Feature Selection . Proc. of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Information ..., E. Rahm. 2005. http www.dit.unitn.it p2p RelatedWork Matching COMA SIGMOD05.pdf Schema and ontology .... In this context, aligning ontologies is sometimes referred to as ontology matching . The problem of Ontology Alignment has been tackled recently by trying to compute matching first and mapping based ... journal author Carlo A. Curino and Giorgio Orsi and Letizia Tanca title X SOM A Flexible Ontology ... . The http oaei.ontologymatching.org Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative aims to evaluate, compare ... ontology relationships among their terms. Such relationships will be called, all together, alignments ... between matchings predicating about the semantic similarity similarity of ontology terms , and mappings logical axiom s, typically expressing logical equivalence or inclusion among ontology terms atomic ... more details
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