Cleanup date November 2010 reason Openshell seems to be not a common term In the context of atomic orbitals , an openshell is a valence shell which is not completely filled with electrons or that has not given all of its valence electrons through chemical bond s with other atoms or molecules during a chemical reaction. Atoms generally reach a noble gas configuration in a molecule. The noble gases Helium He , Neon Ne , Argon Ar , Krypton Kr , Xenon Xe , Radon Rn are not reactive and have configurations 1s sup 2 sup He , 1s sup 2 sup 2s sup 2 sup 2p sup 6 sup Ne , 1s sup 2 sup 2s sup 2 sup 2p sup 6 sup 3s sup 2 sup 3p sup 6 sup Ar , etc. For molecules it signifies that there are unpaired electron s. In molecular orbital theory, this leads to molecular orbitals that are singly occupied. In computational chemistry implementations of molecular orbital theory, openshell molecules have to be handled by either the restricted Openshell Hartree Fock method or the unrestricted Hartree Fock method. Likewise a closed shell or closed shell configuration is obtained with a completely filled valence shell. This configuration is very stable. ref http www.newi.ac.uk buckleyc periodic.htm Periodic table ref In another meaning a closed shell configuration corresponds to state with all molecular orbital s doubly occupied or empty a diradical singlet state . ref http www.semichem.com ampacmanual ci.html Configuration Interaction ref Openshell molecules are more difficult to study computationally ref http iopenshell.usc.edu iOpenShell Center for computational studies of openshell and electronically excited species ref See also Periodic table electron configurations Octet rule Valence shell Free radical References Reflist Category Atomic physics Category Chemical bonding Category Quantum chemistry Category Theoretical chemistry Category Computational chemistry ar pt N vel aberto ... more details
Restricted openshell Hartree&ndash Fock ROHF is a variant of Hartree&ndash Fock theory for openshell molecules. It uses doubly occupied molecular orbitals as far as possible and then singly occupied orbitals for the unpaired electrons. This is the simple picture for openshell molecules but it is difficult to implement. The foundations of the ROHF method were first formulated by Roothaan in a celebrated paper ref cite journal last Roothaan first C. C. J. year 1960 title Self consistent field theory for open shells of electronic systems journal Rev. Mod. Phys. volume 32 issue 2 pages 179 185 doi 10.1103 RevModPhys.32.179 bibcode 1960RvMP...32..179R ref and then extended by various authors, see e.g. ref cite book isbn 978 0387085357 year 1978 first1 R. last1 Carb first2 J. M. last2 Riera volume 5 publisher Springer title A general SCF theory Lecture notes in Chemistry ref ref cite book first R. last McWeeny title Methods of Molecular Quantum Mechanics edition 2nd year 1992 publisher Academic Press isbn 978 0470011874 ref ref cite book editor first K. D. editor last Sen first B. N. last Plakhutin title Reviews of Modern Quantum Chemistry publisher Word Scientific pages 16 42 volume 1 year 2002 isbn 978 981 02 4889 5 ref for in depth discussions. As with restricted Hartree&ndash Fock theory for closed shell molecules, it leads to Roothaan equations written in the form of a generalized eigenvalue problem math mathbf F mathbf C mathbf S mathbf C mathbf epsilon math Where F is the so called Fock matrix which is a function of C , C is a matrix of coefficients, S is the overlap matrix of the basis functions, and math epsilon math is the diagonal, by convention matrix of orbital energies. Unlike restricted Hartree&ndash Fock theory for closed shell molecules, the form of the Fock ... doi 10.1063 1.471951 title On the energy invariance of openshell perturbation theory with respect ... theory specifies the choice of orbitals. References references DEFAULTSORT Restricted OpenShell ... more details
wiktionarypar shellShell may refer to TOCright Nature Seashell , a hard outer layer of a marine animal, found on beaches Exoskeleton , an external covering of some animals Mollusc shell Gastropod shell Turtle shell Eggshell Business Royal Dutch Shell , a multinational oil and gas company Shell Oil Company , the U.S. based subsidiary Shell Canada Shell Nigeria Shell corporation , a company which serves as a vehicle for business transactions Entertainment Shell theater , a curved surface for reflecting sound The Shells , a musical group Shells Angel Shells Angel , a TV episode Places Shell, Ecuador Shell, California , United States Shell, Wyoming , United States People Art Shell born 1946 , American football player and coach Donald Shell born 1924 , American computer scientist Karl Shell born 1938 , American economist Weaponry Shell projectile , an explosive device fired from artillery Shotgun shell , a type of shotgun ammunition Other uses Shell computing , a type of user interface Shell machinery , each half of a two piece plain bearing Electron shell Racing shell , a watercraft Shell account , a user account on a remote server Shell element, a component of the thin shell structure construction method A ring like List of algebraic structures algebraic structure See also Shell sort , a sorting algorithm On shell and off shell , a concept in quantum field theory lookfrom intitle disambig cs Shell de Shell el es Shell eo elo eu Shell fa fr Shell hr Ljuska io Shelo it Shell he hu Shell egy rtelm s t lap nl Shell ja ka pl Muszla ujednoznacznienie pt Shell desambigua o ro Shell ru simple Shell sr sv Skal zh ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox musical artist name The Shell image The Shell.jpg caption The Shell in 2008, from left to right Michael Fromenwiler, Sacha Leuenberger, Christoph Schorro, Patrice Lambeau image size 250 landscape yes background group or band origin St. Gallen , Switzerland . genre Alternative rock , Indie rock . years active 1996 present website http www.theshell.de current members Michael Fromenwiler br Sacha Leunberger br Christoph Schorro br Patrice Lambeau past members Roger Cadalbert br Raphael Cernelc br Christian Riesen The Shell is an alternative rock band from St. Gallen , Switzerland . They currently comprise of Patrice Lambeau vocals, rhythm guitar , Michael Frommenwiler bass , Sacha Leuenberger lead guitar and Christoph Schorro drums . The band was formed by childhood friends Lambeau and Fromenwiler in 1996 and have since gone on to enjoy success in their native Switzerland and throughout Europe. ref http www.myspace.com theshellworld MySpace.com The Shell berlin, santiago di gallo Indie Alternative Rock www.myspace.com theshellworld Bot generated title ref History Early years 1996 2004 Lambeau and Fromenwiler formed The Shell in spring 1996. After an unsuccessful search for band members in St. Gallen they moved to San Francisco in 1998 where they played a series of live shows with a local drummer. Upon returning to Switzerland they joined with drummer Roger Cadalbert and guitarist Raphael Cernelc before moving to London in 2000 where for six months they played a series of shows and worked on new material. br In February 2001 the band recorded their first ... Festival, St. Gallen Open Air and a support act with grunge band Bush band Bush . Powered By The People 2004 2006 After winning a national contest for new bands in Zurich The Shell signed to Universal ... enjoyed rotation on Swiss music TV. By the end of 2004 The Shell had received a best newcomer award ... Label Management DEFAULTSORT Shell Category Swiss alternative rock groups Category Swiss ... more details
Cross platform language English, multilingual gettext status Active genre Unix shell source model Open source license website URL http www.in ulm.de mascheck various ash The Almquist shell also known as A Shell , ash and sh was originally Kenneth Almquist s clone of the SVR4 variant of the Bourne shell it is a fast, small, POSIX compatible Unix shell designed to replace the Bourne shell in later BSD ...Infobox software name Almquist shell logo screenshot caption developer latest release version latest ... shell tt bin sh tt on FreeBSD , NetBSD , DragonFly BSD and Minix . ash is also fairly popular ... in this area. Debian s version of ash is known as Debian Almquist shell Debian Almquist Shell dash . Some Linux distribution s also use Debian Almquist shell a derivative of ash as the default shell, although Bash Unix shell Bash Bourne Again Shell is more popular. Debian and Ubuntu operating system Ubuntu Symbolic link symlink tt bin sh tt to the dash shell for faster Shell script script execution, but keeps Bash as the default login shell. History ash was first released via a posting to the code ... on May 30, 1989. It was described as a reimplementation of the System V shell with most features of that shell, plus some additions. ref Cite web title v19i001 A reimplementation of the System V shell ... ash Kenneth Almquist s ash shell blockquote A lightweight 92K Bourne compatible shell. Great for machines with low memory, but does not provide all the extras of shells like Bash Unix shell bash , tcsh , and zsh . Runs most shell scripts compatible with the Bourne shell. Note that under Linux ... exception, since ash is the shell used on the install disks. NetBSD and Ubuntu uses ash as its ... Shell Scripting From Novice to Professional author Peter Seebach publisher Apress year 2008 isbn ... Category Unix shells Category Cross platform software el Almquist fr Almquist shell ja Almquist Shell ru Almquist shell zh Almquist shell ... more details
Refimprove date January 2008 Infobox software name Bourne shell logo File screenshot File caption collapsible ... size language status genre Unix shell website license under discussion inline License The Bourne shell tt sh tt , was the default Unix shell of Version 7 Unix Unix Version 7 . Most Unix like systems continue to have bin sh which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hard link to a compatible shell even when other shells are used by most users. Developed by Stephen Bourne at AT&T Bell Laboratories , it was a replacement for the Thompson shell , whose executable file had the same ... the shell as a programming language in a tutorial form. Origins The shell was designed as a replacement for the Mashey shell . Among the primary goals were ref http www.computerworld.com.au article 279011 z programming languages bourne shell sh The A Z of Programming Languages Bourne shell, or sh March 2009, Computerworld ref To allow shell script s to be used as filters. To provide programmability ... when interpreting shell scripts. Rationalize and generalize string quoting mechanism. The environment ... a way for shell scripts to pass context to sub scripts Process computing processes without having ... shell include Scripts can be invoked as commands by using their filename May be used interactively ... input and output and in its expression matching facilities. The Bourne shell also was the first ..., the Bourne shell was enhanced at AT&T. The various variants are thus called like the respective ..., SVR3, SVR4 . As the shell was never versioned, the only way to identify it was testing its features. Stephen Bourne carried into this shell some aspects of the ALGOL 68C compiler that he had been working ... Unix Bourne shell syntax. Moreover although the v7 shell is written in C programming language C ... The Bourne shell has been criticized ref http www.kitebird.com csh tcsh book csh intro.pdf An Introduction to the C shell by Bill Joy . ref ref cite web last Bezroukov first Nikolai title Introduction ... more details
Infobox software name Thompson shell logo File screenshot File caption collapsible author Ken Thompson ... platform size language status genre license Unix shell website The Thompson shell was the first Unix shell , introduced in the first version of Unix in 1971, and was written by Ken Thompson computer ... line interface and led to the development of the later Unix shells. History The name shell for a command line interpreter and the concept of making the shell a user program outside of the operating ... of the Thompson shell was a compact syntax for input output redirection. In Multics, redirecting ... for input or the > symbol for output, and the shell would redirect I O for the duration of the command ... exactly the same result as command1 command2 The Thompson shell syntax for redirection with < ... and replacements The shell s design was intentionally minimalistic even the if and goto statements ... shell was inadequate for most serious programming tasks. At this time, the developers of the Programmer s Workbench UNIX distribution, most notably John Mashey , began modifying the Thompson shell ... shell or the Mashey shell, included more advanced flow control mechanisms and introduced shell variables, but remained limited by the necessity to remain compatible with the Thompson shell. Finally, the Thompson shell was replaced as the main Unix shell by the Bourne shell in Unix Version 7 and the C shell in Berkeley Software Distribution PDP 11 beginnings 2BSD , both released in 1979. Since virtually all modern Unix and Unix like systems are descended from V7 and 2BSD, the Thompson shell is generally no longer used. It is, however, available as open source as part of several Ancient UNIX Systems ... 1st 1 sh Manual page for the Thompson shell in Unix 1st Edition . http cm.bell labs.com cm cs who dmr hist.html The Evolution of the Unix Time Sharing System describes the early development of the shell http www.in ulm.de mascheck bourne index.html origins Origins of the Bourne shell manual pages ... more details
Refimprove date April 2007 Image Lamprologus ocellatus orange 2034.jpg thumb right 200px A shell dwelling Lamprologus ocellatus . The terms shell dwellers or shelldwellers , shell breeding , or ostracophil ... and shelter. The terms have no taxonomic basis, although most shell dwelling cichlids are from ..., Voyageur Press, ISBN 1 56465 146 0 ref Many shell dwelling cichlids are popular with fishkeepings and are frequently kept in Aquarium aquaria . ref name Loiselle Shell origins In Lake Tanganyika the shells ... habitat Cichlid Press, USA. ref Shell dwelling cichlids Around 24 species of lamprologine cichlids ... shell breeding cichlids and will spawn in other caves or crevices. ref name Loiselle Types of shell dwellers There are several groups the shell dwellers can be placed into Colonial shell dwellers ... and many of the most aggressive of the shell dwelling species, which share a similar body shape ... Neolamprologus species. These are larger shell dwellers and some may prefer mud dwelling in the wild ... definite shell dweller, Telmatochromis sp temporalis shell, and many species that will shell dwell ... kungweensis . The Malawi shell dwellers, which may comprise several species but as yet only Pseudotropheus ... Shell dwellers are found throughout Lake Tanganyika , along the coasts of Zambia , Democratic Republic of Congo , Burundi and Tanzania . Diet Shell dwellers are carnivores that primarily feed on zooplankton ..., in the throat of the fish, are present in shell dwellers, though small. Armed with those and the usual teeth along with the typical dissolving qualities of water shell dwellers can eat a variety of foods ... thumb right 280px A shell dwelling male Lamprologus stappersi displays his dominance. Reproduction As with other cichlids they protect their young, and the distinctive shell ... the shell and fertilized as she lays them or immediately after by the male. The female will protect the shell, fanning her pectoral fins to keep the internal water oxygenated, and often rearranging the substrate ... more details
Shell Lake can refer to Shell Lake, Saskatchewan Shell Lake, Wisconsin Shell Lake Township, Minnesota Shell Lake murders Shell Lake Municipal Airport Shell Lake No. 495, Saskatchewan Inuvik Shell Lake Water Aerodrome Shell Lake National Wildlife Refuge disambig de Shell Lake ... more details
by increments added to the open edge of the shell, and by a gradual thickening throughout the animal ...Image Abra alba 2.jpg thumb Two whole shells, one closed and one open, of the marine bivalve Abra alba ... Zealand A bivalve shell is part of the body, the exoskeleton or shell, of a Bivalvia bivalve mollusk . In life, the shell of this class of mollusks is composed of two parts, two Valve mollusc valves ... for muscle attachment, but also for protection from predators and from mechanical damage. The shell ... for commercial sale the international shell trade , occasionally to the detriment of the local ecology. Shell anatomy, structure and composition Image Valve InternalView.png thumb left Diagram of the internal shell structure of the left valve of bivalve resembling a Veneridae venerid Image Valve ... SpondylusPliocene.jpg thumb left Paired Valve mollusc valves of a fossil Spondylus shell a thorny ... The bivalve shell is composed of two calcareous valves. The Mantle mollusc mantle , a thin Biological membrane membrane surrounding the body, secretes the shell valves, ligament and Hinge tooth hinge ... itself is attached to the shell by numerous small mantle retractor muscles, which are arranged in a narrow line along the length of the interior of the shell. The position of this line is often quite clearly visible on the inside of each valve of a bivalve shell, as a shiny line, the pallial line ... allow the bivalve to close the shell tightly. In some bivalves the mantle edges fuse to form siphon ... usually have long siphons, and when the bivalve needs to close its shell, these siphons retract into a pocket ... is clearly indicated on the interior of the shell surface as a pallial sinus , an indentation in the pallial line. The valves of the shell are made of either calcite as with, e.g. oysters or both calcite ... which have this layer in the form of nacre or mother of pearl . The outermost layer of the shell ... or brownish skin on the outside of the shell. ref http paleo.cortland.edu tutorial Bivalves bivalvia.htm ... more details
Shell Point can refer to Shell Point, Sinaloa Shell Point, Florida Shell Point, South Carolina geodis Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages vo Shell Point ... more details
The EFI shell EFI SHELL an open source Extensible Firmware Interface command shell Google Shell Browser ...split Operating system shell Command line interface date March 2012 discuss talk Shell computing Shell computing or operating system shell ? refimprove date June 2010 A shell is a piece of software that provides ... browsers and email clients that are shells for HTML Layout engine rendering engines . The name shell ... purpose of the shell is to invoke or launch another program however, shells frequently have additional ... of the above data. In expert system s, a shell is a piece of software that is an empty expert ... Unix shell , Ken Thompson s sh , ref name v6hist http v6shell.org history ref was modeled after the Multics shell, ref http www.multicians.org unix.html ref itself modeled after the RUNCOM ref http ... languages can be used interactively from an operating system shell or in a purpose built programmer ... discuss talk Shell computing Shell computing or operating system shell ? Unix shells Main Unix shell Notable historic or popular Unix shell s include Bourne shell sh Almquist shell ash Debian Almquist shell dash Bash Unix shell Bourne Again shell bash Korn shell ksh Z shell zsh C shell csh TENEX C shell tcsh Hamilton C shell EMACS shell eshell friendly interactive shell fish rc shell rc shell for Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Unix scsh Scheme Shell Stand alone Shell sash BeanShell Rhino JavaScript engine Rhino Shell Rhino Remote shell rsh a remote shell available on many systems, can also mean Restricted shell on some systems psh a Perl based general purpose shell available in some cases. sqsh a shell available with some SQL implementations for database queries and other tasks. Several of the above ... a Korn and C shell as well as Perl capable of command line use. Unix shells are also available ... shell, DCL dn date September 2011 being available for DOS, Windows, OS 2, and Unix type systems in various ... like a separate OS that runs over Windows XP . CANDE CANDE MCS command line shell and text editor on the MCP ... more details
Shell River may refer to Rivers Shell River Manitoba Shell River Minnesota Shell River Saskatchewan Musselshell River , Montana, also known as Shell River Places Shell River, Manitoba Shell River Township, Minnesota geodis de Shell River ... more details
is the largest extant species of bivalve. The mantle is visible between the open valves A mollusc shell ...File Amerikanische Bohrmuschel.JPG thumb Closed and open shells of a marine bivalve , False angelwing Petricola pholadiformis . A bivalve shell is composed of two hinged valves which are joined by a ligament. File Arianta arbustorum Braunau 1968.jpg thumb Four views of a shell of the land snail Arianta arbustorum The mollusc or mollusk ref group spelling Often spelled mollusk shell in the USA the spelling mollusc is preferred by bruscabrusca ref shell is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses ... s, clam s, tusk shell s, and several other classes. Not all shelled molluscs live in the sea, many live on the land and in freshwater. The ancestral mollusc is thought to have had a shell, but this has ... engrailed expression, serial organization, and shell evolution . Evolution & Development 2 340. ref Today, over 100,000 living species bear a shell there is some dispute as to whether these shell bearing molluscs form a monophyletic group conchifera or whether shell less molluscs are interleaved into their family ... a surprising degree of variation in the exact shape, pattern, ornamentation, and color of the shell ... color of the shell. When the animal encounters harsh conditions that limit its food supply, or otherwise cause it to become dormant for a while, the mantle often ceases to produce the shell substance ... source date February 2010 The mantle edge secretes a shell which has two components. The organic ... others just express one, suggesting that the role of chitin in the shell framework is highly ... where appropriate. ref name Marin2005 cite doi 10.1016 j.msec.2005.01.003 ref The shell formation requires certain biological machinery. The shell is deposited within a small compartment, the extrapallial ... around the rim of the shell, where growth occurs. This caps of the extrapallial space, which is bounded on its other surfaces by the existing shell and the mantle. ref name Marin2004 rp 475 The periostracum ... more details
Shell Island may refer to Shell Island Wales Shell Islets Tasmania geodis Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages de Shell Island ... more details
Shell Building may refer to Shell Building San Francisco , California Shell Building St Louis , Missouri One Shell Square , New Orleans, Louisiana disambig ... more details
Shell rings are archaeological site s with curved shell midden s completely or partially surrounding ... , usually oysters . Shell rings have been reported in several countries, including Colombia ... and use of shell rings. Across what is now the southeastern United States, starting around 4000 BCE, people exploited wetland resources, creating large shell middens. Middens developed along rivers, but there is limited ... exploitation of oysters appears. During the period 3000 BCE to 1000 BCE shell rings, large shell middens more or less surrounding open centers, developed along the coast of the Southeastern United States. These shell rings are numerous in South Carolina and Georgia U.S. state Georgia , but are also found scattered around the Florida peninsula. Some sites also have sand or sand and shell mound s associated with shell rings. Sites such as Horr s Island archaeological site Horr s Island , in southwest Florida , supported sizable mound building communities year round. Four shell and or sand mounds ... have debated whether the shell rings resulted from the simple accumulation of middens in conjunction ... the plausibility that the shell rings were also monumental architecture. Excavations of the Fig ..., 85, 91, 101 ref Archaeological sites See also List of shell ring sites Sites in Colombia, Peru, and Japan, as well as in the southeastern United States, have been identified as shell rings. Residents of and visitors to the Sea Islands of South Carolina and Georgia had long noticed circular shell mounds on some of the islands. The first written accounts of shell rings in South Carolina and Georgia appeared early in the 19th century. Archaeologists surveyed some shell rings near the end of the 19th century, but the first reported scientific excavation of a shell ring in the United States did not occur until 1933. Scientific excavation of shell mounds in Japan began in the 1920s. ref cite journal ... Island Shell Ring Complex journal Southeastern Archaeology year 2007 month Summer volume 26 issue ... more details
of the shell and are subsequently abandoned, often remaining open in front. Irregular spines ...File Arianta arbustorum Braunau 1968.jpg thumb Four views of a shell of Arianta arbustorum Apertural ... . File Czescimuszli shells.jpg thumb The shell of a large land snail probably Helix pomatia with parts ... suture br 6 Whorl mollusc whorl br 7 Apex mollusc apex The gastropod shell is a mollusc shellshell ... shell is an external skeleton or exoskeleton , which serves not only for muscle attachment, but also ... and in intertidal marine snails, the shell is also an essential protection against the sun, and against ... and left handed individuals. The gastropod shell has several layers, and is typically made of calcium carbonate precipitated out into an organic matrix known as conchiolin . The shell is secreted by a part of the molluscan body known as the Mantle mollusc mantle . Some gastropods are shell less slug s , but the majority of gastropods do have a shell. In almost every case the shell consists of one ... of limpet s, have simple cone shaped shells as adults. The study of mollusc shell s, including ... shell of Neptunea angulata , on the right is the normally dextral right handed shell of Neptunea ... sought after by some Conchology shell collector s. If a coiled gastropod shell is held with the spire pointing upwards and the aperture more or less facing the observer, a dextral shell will have the aperture on the right hand side, and a sinistral shell will have the aperture on the left hand side .... ref name Laidlaw 1961 Formation of the shell Main mantle mollusc mollusc shell nacre Morphology File Zonitoides nitidus drawing en.svg left thumb 650px Morphology of typical spirally coiled shell. The shell ... whorls and apex br Central image Lateral view showing the profile of the shell br Lower image Basal view showing umbilicus in the centre. File Zonitoides nitidus shell.jpg thumb Photo of the shell of Zonitoides nitidus with an apical view, an apertural view and a basal view Gastropod shell morphology ... more details
Reflist External links A well known free and open source Workplace Shell extension package named http ...Image OS 2 W4.png right thumb The OS 2 Warp 4 desktop The Workplace Shell WPS is a object oriented desktop shell produced by IBM s Boca Raton development lab for OS 2 2.0. It is based on Common User Access and made a radical shift away from the Program Manager type interface that earlier versions of OS 2 shared with Windows 3.1x Windows 3.x or the application oriented WIMP computing WIMP interface of the Apple Macintosh . The Workplace Shell was also used in OS 2 Warp 3 and Warp 4, and is still the user interface of the revamped successor to OS 2 called eComStation of Serenity Inc. Although mostly written in C programming language C , under the covers the Workplace Shell is implemented as an object oriented class library, basing on the System Object Model SOM . The WPS classes are glued together with an interface definition language IDL . SOM and its IDL was developed by IBM in their Austin, Texas lab. The classes can easily be manipulated by sending simple settings strings like KEYWORD VALUE to them both via a C and a Rexx API . When implementing a new WPS class, it is derived from an existing class from within the WPS class hierarchy. For modifying, extending or removing certain functionality ... class implemented by it is registered with the Workplace Shell and an instance of this class is created, it can be acted on by the user or other programs as every other Workplace Shell object. A part ... Workplace Shell Toolkit eases common programming tasks when creating WPS classes, as well ... Workplace Shell for Windows is a freeware clone of the WPS made for Windows unofficially by IBM employees. http ftp.gaby.de pub win3x wpsfw151.zip Download Workplace Shell for Windows http www.os2ezine.com ... forums thread.jspa?threadID 180049 Download Workplace Shell for Windows 2.0 Source Code Category OS 2 Workplace Shell de Workplace Shell nl Workplace Shell ja ... more details
File irssi.png thumb 300px irssi IRC client running on a shell server A shell account is a user account on a remote server which gives access to a shell computing shell via a command line interface protocol such as telnet or Secure Shell ssh . ref name Young1999 citation last Young first Margaret Levine ... provides, you will probably be comfortable with a Shell account on a Linux or Unix computer managed ... computer you are logged into is connected to the Internet. You usually use a standard Unix shell, with roughly the same choices available on your own Linux system, although some shell accounts also ..., both good and bad. quote The other day, I started shopping, both for a Unix shell account, and for a SLIP ... part of the Internet. ref Shell providers are often found to offer shell accounts at low cost or for free ... Nu t8C ref These shell accounts generally provide users with access to various software and services ...?sid 04 07 14 159237 title Unix Shell Accounts? author Cliff date July 14, 2004 work publisher ... the Internet. Many of the vulnerabilities may be taken advantage of by someone with a regular shell account on the system. doi 10.1145 1255421.1255423 ref Some shell providers may also allow Tunneling protocol tunneling of traffic to bypass corporate Firewall computing firewalls . Shell accounts ... systems on the Internet. Shell code Slirp , a free software application similar to The Internet Adapter Tunneling protocol Secure Shell tunneling SSH tunneling The Big Electric Cat was a public access ... Adapter , a graphical application front end for internet access using shell accounts allowing TCP IP based applications such as Netscape to run over the shell account. The WELL , best known for its Internet forums, but also provides email, shell accounts, and web pages. References Reflist 2 External ... link to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project dmoz.org and link there using Dmoz . dmoz Computers Internet Access Providers Unix Shell Providers Unix Shell Providers http www.egghelp.org ... more details
refimprove date October 2007 File Oceanografic Valencia.JPG thumb Oceanografic Valencia A concrete shell , also commonly called thin shell concrete structure , is a structure composed of a relatively thin shell of concrete , usually with no interior column s or exterior buttress es. The shells are most commonly flat plates and dome s, but may also take the form of ellipsoid s or cylinder geometry cylindrical sections, or some combination thereof. The first concrete shell dates back to the 2nd century. Uses Most concrete shell structures are buildings, including storage facilities, commercial buildings, and residential homes. Concrete shell construction techniques are well suited for complex curves and are also used to build hull watercraft boat hulls called ferroconcrete . Historically, it was used ..., allowing wide areas to be spanned without the use of internal supports, giving an open, unobstructed ... lead to buildup of condensation on the inside of the shell. Shingling or sealants are common solutions ... concrete shells The oldest known concrete shell, the Pantheon, Rome Pantheon in Rome , was completed ... feat of engineering. Modern concrete shell construction Modern thin concrete shells, which began to appear ... or additional reinforcing structures, relying wholly on the shell structure itself. Shells may be cast in place, or pre cast off site and moved into place and assembled. The strongest form of shell is the monolithic shell, which is cast as a single unit. The most common monolithic form is the dome, but ellipsoids .... See also Thin shell structure Pier Luigi Nervi Eduardo Torroja F lix Candela Seaplane Hangars ref http ... s Concrete Shell page http www.arche.psu.edu thinshells Historic Preservation of Thin Shell Concrete ... www.dometech.com Dome Technology http www.cshellarchitecture.com C Shells Concrete Thin Shell Architecture ... and disaster recovery. commons category Concrete shell structures DEFAULTSORT Concrete Shell Category Concrete shell structures Category Concrete Category Construction Category Domes Concrete ... more details
The term shell theory may refer to In astronomy the shell theorem In continuum mechanics the plate theory theory of plates and shells disambig ... more details
Infobox Website name Google Shell screenshot caption The Google Shell homepage url http www.goosh.org goosh.org commercial no type Web search engine Search Engine language International multilingual registration optional author Stefan Grothkopp ref http stefan.grothkopp.com ref launch date 2008 current status active revenue slogan alexa IncreaseNegative 431,995 as of 2012 5 2 alt May 2012 ref name alexa cite web url http www.alexa.com siteinfo goosh.org title Goosh.org Site Info publisher Alexa Internet accessdate 2012 05 02 ref Updated monthly by OKBot. Google Shell , or goosh , is an open source browser based Unix like shell used as a front end for Google search . Written in AJAX the results are shown directly on the page. Google Shell is open source under the Artistic License GPL . The code is currently hosted on Google Code . Commands Users are able to use most of the features of Google through specific commands and keywords. Functions that are marked with a are currently experimental, and should be used with caution. While most of the command results are displayed as text, a few will display a portion of a website for you to interact with. class wikitable align center Command align center Aliases align center Parameters align center Function web search,s,w keywords google web search news n keywords google news search more m get more results blogs blog,b keywords google blog search read rss,r url read feed of url feeds feed,f keywords google feed search place places,map,p address google maps search translate trans,t lang1 lang2 words google translation images image,i keywords google image search video videos,v keywords google video search clear c clear the screen wiki wikipedia keywords wikipedia search help man,h,? command displays help text cd command change mode site in url keywords search in a specific website open o url open url in new window go g url open url ... Category Internet search engines Category Multilingual websites Category Google Shell ... more details
The Windows shell is the main graphical user interface in Microsoft Windows . The Windows shell includes well known Windows components such as the taskbar and the Start menu . The Windows shell is not the same as a Shell computing command line shell , but the two concepts are related. The Windows shell ... window s and controls how they look. Features Desktop The Windows shell desktop is an array of icons, rendered behind all open windows and taking up the space left by the taskbar. The typical icons displayed on the desktop is as follows Shell folders , usually My Documents Documents or the Profile ... Recycle Bin . Since Windows XP, by default the only shell folder displayed on the desktop has been the Recycle Bin. Shell launchers , special icons added through a shell extension. Examples include Internet ... of open windows , with the active window s button rendered in a depressed fashion. A list of shortcuts ... , it has since been integrated into the list of open programs with the release of Windows 7. Deskbands ... account settings , accessed from the square containing the user s profile icon. Shell folders , including ... public demonstration of Windows, in 1983, had a simplistic shell called the Session Control Layer ..., it used the MS DOS Executive as its shell. MS DOS Executive was a simple file manager that differentiated ... be launched by double clicking on them. Windows 2.0 also shipped with MS DOS Executive as the shell ... shell, called Program Manager . Based on Microsoft s work with OS 2 1.0 s Desktop Manager ... 95 GUI Windows 95 introduced a new shell, hosted in Windows Explorer , the file manager for the operating ..., with an area consisting of buttons representing open windows, a digital clock, a notifications area ... it, shortcuts and program groups. Since it provided both shell and file management functions, Explorer ... Vista in 2006. The new shell was also ported to Windows NT, first as the NewShell update for Windows ... integrate with Windows and add a new shell, codenamed HomePort , which would present the same ... more details
Refimprove date August 2008 See also a Shell Grotto, Margate Shell Grotto in Margate . The Shell Grotto lang cy Groto Cregyn sometimes called the Shell Hermitage is a late 18th century stone built, slate roofed grotto decorated with shells and animal bones on the interior. It stands on a prominent ridge 700 ft above sea level, within the boundary Pontypool Park , Torfaen in South Wales . It is considered to be the best surviving grotto in Wales . It is an important local landmark commanding views south towards the Severn Estuary . A little further along the same ridge can be found the The Folly Tower Folly Tower . History It was built by the Hanbury family local ironmasters and original ... for interior shell decoration. There is no direct evidence that the shell interior was Molly s invention, but it is known that she was an avid collector of shells. The shell decoration within grottoes ... complete the magnificent shell interior was in complete disarray, due to the elements, the collapsed ... and from the Heritage Lottery Fund in Wales. Restoration of the shell interior commenced in 1996 and a specialist team of conservators St Blaise Ltd. did the restoration of the intricate plaster and shell ... record had been taken of the shell interior some years earlier and this was valuable in ensuring ... such as pearl oyster , conch and cowrie . The restoration of one of the finest shell grottoes in Wales ... this magnificent hilltop Grotto and enjoy the splendour of the shell interior and the panoramic ... can be difficult. The grotto is open May to September Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays 14 00 17 00 References Pontypool Museum The Shell Grotto Pontypool Park . External links http www.torfaen.gov.uk ServiceDirectory Services ShellGrotto.aspx Information on Shell Grotto from Torfaen Borough County http www.insidethebirdhouse.co.uk Insidethebirdhouse Shell 20Grotto.html Photographs of the interior ... DEFAULTSORT Shell Grotto Category Buildings and structures in Torfaen Category Grottoes Category ... more details
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