formed Start date and years ago mf no 1958 7 29 budgetbudget 18.724 billion Fiscal Year 2011 ref http ... year, the United States Congress passes a Federal Budget detailing where federal tax money will be spent .... Annual budget, 1958 2012 Image Bolden NASA Budget 2012.jpg thumb left upright 0.85 NASA Administrator Charles Bolden during an overview briefing on NASA s fiscal year 2012 budget. Seen in the year ... s expenditures 101.5 billion, or 2 billion a year. ref name NSF Budget cite web url http dellweb.bfa.nsf.gov title Budget Internet Information System publisher National Science Foundation accessdate 2009 01 12 ref NASA s FY 2011 budget of 18.4 billion represents about 0.5 of the 3.4 trillion 2011 United States federal budget United States federal budget during the year, or about 35 of total ... 01 13 ref According to the Office of Management and Budget and the Air Force Almanac, when measured ... budget millions of US dollars font col begin col break class wikitable width 100px rowspan 2 Year Colspan 3 NASA budget width 50px Nominal in Millions width 30px sub of Fed Budget ref name tbl1 of total ... space travel ref ref name tbl2 1999 2010 based on federal outlays from Federal budget United States Total outlays in recent budget submissions ref sub width 100px 2007 Constant br Million Dollars ... col break class wikitable width 100px rowspan 2 Year Colspan 3 NASA budget width 50px Nominal width 30px sub of Fed Budget ref name tbl1 ref name tbl2 sub width 100px 2007 Constant br Million Dollars ... Budget Overview ref 17,782 0.57 align right 2010 ref name Space cite web url http www.space.com 11374 nasa budget 2011 congress compromise.html title U.S. Budget Compromise Includes 18.5 Billion for NASA ... 20Presentation.pdf title Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Estimates publisher NASA accessdate 13 February 2013 ... colspan 4 small Notes Sources U.S. Office of Management and Budget OMB needs proper citation link ... omb budget fy2010 assets hist04z1.xls http www.seattle.gov financedepartment cpi docs US CPI History ... more details
Globalize USA date December 2010 Budget theory is the academic study of political and social motivations behind government and civil society budgeting . Classic theorists in Public Budgeting include Henry Brooks Adams Henry Adams , William F. Willoughby , V. O. Key, Jr. , and, more recently, Aaron Wildavsky . Notable recent theorists include Baumgartner and Jones Frank R. Baumgartner and Bryan D. Jones , Richard Fenno , Allen Schick , Dennis Ippolito , Naomi Caiden , Irene Rubin , James D. Savage , Thomas Greitens and Gary Wamsley . Budget theory was a central topic during the Progressive Era and was much ... such as the nascent Brookings Institution . The executive budget in USA was a financial innovation ... in the Progressive Era . Since that time, the executive budget has become a tool by which the president ... role and power base for what is now called the Office of Management and Budget . Budget, Civil society ... of the economy including budget process . The standards of constitutional economics when used during annual budget planning, as well as the latter s transparency to the society, are of the primary ... economic and constitutional analysis in the legislative, first of all, budget process, thus helping ... society into budget process. This model of CE is based on the understanding that it is necessary ... by the constitution and the annual or mid term economic policy, budget legislation and administrative ... the state through budget planning and various privileges being the most dangerous , and the private ... the rules, The European Lawyer, Issue 90, October 2009 ref See also public budgeting budget deficit budget surplus budget crisis Canadian federal budget Comprehensive income Constitutional economics ... owned corporation public administration public finance United States budget process Civil society ..., W. Bartley Hildreth. Budget Theory in the Public Sector 2002 , Quorum BooksAman Khan, W. Bartley Hildreth ... polsfacp 48 DEFAULTSORT Budget Theory Category Government budgets Theory Category Public administration ... more details
Orphan date November 2011 The Budget of France , setting revenues and spending levels is set after approval of the national assembly and the senate. The french Constitution of France Constitution provides for a maximum of 70 days between the budget being proposed to parliament and it being approved. Article 40 of the Constitution stops the National Assembly of France national assembly and Senate of France senate from making any amendments to the total spending and revenue amounts proposed by the government. Once approved by parliament the government may make adjustments of up to 2 to the budget without having to seek further parliamentry approval. In 2011 the government introduced a bill to amend article 34 of the Constitution to ensure a balanced budget Golden Rule . The french budget concerns only spending and revenue by central government. It thus excludes the Social Security budget and regional and local authorities budgets. Public spending in 2010 class sortable wikitable bgcolor ececec valign top Item Central Government Social Security Local & Regional Government Quasi governmental bodies Total Expenditures br billion 454 513.7 210.6 113.1 1291.4 Revenues br billion 332.4 490.8 209.1 121.9 1154.2 Surplus Deficit br billion 121.6 22.9 1.5 8.8 137.2 ref http www.insee.fr fr themes theme.asp?theme 16&sous theme 3.2 ref ref http www.insee.fr fr themes comptes nationaux tableau.asp?sous theme 3.2&xml t 3201 ref See also D centralisation in France Government spending References Reflist Category Economy of France ... more details
Multiple issues wikify March 2012 context October 2009 unreferenced January 2008 The main way standard budget are established is by using historical information. If standards are set using historical information they may become out of date quickly. A Standard Budget is a vehicle for Variance accounting . It is commonly derived from estimates on future costs that have Fixed and Variable cost components . Standard budgets present information at only one level of activity and do not provide information on how the variable portion of the costs would affect the budget. When used in Variance Analysis this can lead to unfavorable variances being falsely identified. A standard budget is a list of goods and services that a family of a specified size and composition would need to live at a designated level of well being, together with the costs of those goods and services. Considerable work on standard budgets has been done in the United States and other countries in recent years, mostly by non government analysts. Budgets have not been used to develop official poverty lines, and in most cases have not been used to calculate the size of a nation s low income population. Category Finance Category Household behavior and family economics econ stub ... more details
infobox government budget title United Kingdom Budget year 1909 country United Kingdom previous budget 1908 United Kingdom Budget previous year 1908 next budget 1910 United Kingdom Budget next year 1910 image ChurchillGeorge0001.jpg imagesize 200px caption David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill . submitter submitted to date submitted presented 29 April 1909 passed 29 April 1910 parliament MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1906 28th MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, January 1910 29th party Liberal Party UK Liberal Party minister treasurer chancellor David Lloyd George Total Revenue Total Expenditures spending tax cut debt payment surplus deficit debt bill bill link url http hansard.millbanksystems.com commons 1909 apr 29 budget statement Hansard distinguish The People s Budget 2011 The 1909 People s Budget was a product of then Prime Minister of the United ... image The People Budget.pdf The People s Budget An Edwardian Tragedy ref Churchill s biographer, William Manchester , called the People s Budget a revolutionary concept because it was the first budget ... election s in 1910 and the enactment of the Parliament Act 1911 . Overview The Budget was introduced ...&dq people 27s budget introduced&q april 29 ref Lloyd George argued that the People s Budget would eliminate poverty, and commended it thus blockquote This is a war Budget. It is for raising money ... Learningcurve.gov.uk date accessdate 2010 01 24 ref The budget included several proposed tax increases ... rearmament. More controversially, the Budget also included a proposal for the introduction of a land ... vetoed the new budget on 30 November 1909, ref cite book last Palmer first Alan coauthors Veronica ... relying on Labour and the Irish Nationalists for their majority. The Lords accepted the Budget ...&dq people 27s budget introduced&q april 29 ref &mdash when the land value tax land tax proposal ... budget Category 1909 in the United Kingdom Category United Kingdom budgets Category Edwardian era Category ... more details
Infobox Film name Budget Padmanabham image image size caption director S. V. Krishna Reddy producer G. Naraya Rao writer narrator starring Jagapathi babu br Ramyakrishna music S. V. Krishna Reddy cinematography Sarath editing studio distributor released 2001 runtime country India language Telugu budget gross preceded by followed by Budget Padmanabham lang te is a 2001 Cinema of Andhra Pradesh Tollywood film and remake of Tamil film Budget Padmanabhan ref http en.wikipedia.org wiki Budget Padmanabhan ref directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy and produced by G. Naraya Rao . Jagapathi babu and Ramyakrishna played the lead roles. ref http www.raaga.com channels telugu moviedetail.asp?mid a0000194 ref Plot Budget Padmanabham Jagapathi babu is about a miser who will do anything to save money. He eats only one meal a day, and won t do anything that will involvespending. If he gives a lift to his colleagues he collects money from them. You wouldn t consider him to be one of those persons you would give an arm and a leg to associate with, but, strangely, Ramya Ramya Krishna not only likes him, she also falls deeply in love with him.Padmanabham doesn t want to do anything with her, but when Ramya suggests that two salaries are better than one, he thinks it s a brilliant idea and marries her. So much for the institution. Now start the troubles first, his sister Vijaya Y Vijaya and her husband Vaastu Subramanyam L.B. Sriram pile on to him,and then Ramya s good for nothing brother Ravi Ravi Teja also seeks shelter in their house. The worst, though, is yet to come for the grumbling Padmanabham his wife gives birth to triplets. Cast Jagapathi babu Ramyakrishna Vidya Tanikella Bharani L.B. Sriram Rallapalli actor Rallapalli Y.Vijaya M. S. Narayana Ravi Teja Music Infobox album Name Budget Padmanabham Tagline Type soundtrack Artist S. V. Krishna Reddy Cover Released 2001 Recorded Genre Length 18.93 Label Producer S. V. Krishna Reddy Reviews Last album This album Budget Padmanabham ... more details
Budget albums also known as drugstore records were low priced vinyl record LPs released during the 1950s to 1970s consisting either of previously released material usually the releases from major labels featuring older performances of well known performers or material recorded especially for the line often cover versions of popular songs made famous by name artists sung or performed on these albums ... their own budget labels, the budget album companies, such as Coronet who sold their LPs for 99 cents ... Sound Routledge 2005 ref Major labels enter the budget album market In 1954 Pickwick entered ... Records in 1955, a budget label for re releasing older recordings by currently popular artists on the label ... album of country music recorded especially for the budget label by many of its newer country acts of the 1960s ... among the select few budget albums to actually make the national best selling charts. The major labels budget album releases were seldom sold at drug stores , mainly at record shops and department ... in speciality drug store racks. The major label budget albums usually had eight to ten songs on them ... introduced the Harmony Records line around the same time for budget releases of older product repackaged. Harmony, however, seldom issued material that had not been previously released. The budget ... record label before the star s current popularity. Other major labels of the day with their own budget ... MGM Lion Records Liberty Records budget label was Sunset Records Columbia Records budget label ... budget label, Clarion Records Modern Records created Crown Records ref http www.bsnpubs.com modern crown.html ref Other budget record labels were Somerset Records that became Alshire Records in 1963 ... of Aladdin Records US Aladdin Records , Custom, and Diplomat Records budget Diplomat Records ref ... done for budget albums Some artists such as Jerry Cole , ref http www.hdtracks.com index.php ... covers of Kitty Wells hits for budget album release. See List of record labels References references ... more details
merge Government budget deficit date December 2011 Public finance Image 2006budget income.PNG thumb 400px right Budgeted revenues of governments in 2006 A government budget is a legal document that is often passed by the legislature , and approved by the chief executive or president. For example, only certain types of revenue may be imposed and collected. Property tax is frequently the basis for municipal and county revenues, while sales tax and or income tax are the basis for state revenues, and income tax and corporate tax are the basis for national revenues. The two basic elements of any budget are the revenues and expenses . In the case of the government, revenue s are derived primarily from tax es. Government expense s include spending on current goods and services, which economists call National Income and Product Accounts Accounting for National Product The Right Side of the Report government consumption National Income and Product Accounts Accounting for National Product The Right Side of the Report government investment expenditures such as infrastructure investment or research expenditure and transfer payment s like unemployment or retirement benefits. Budgets have an economic, political and technical basis. Unlike a pure economic budget, they are not entirely designed to allocate scarcity scarce resources for the best economic use. They also have a political basis wherein different interests push and pull in an attempt to obtain benefits and avoid burdens. The technical element is the forecast of the likely levels of revenues and expenses. References reflist http blog pfm.imf.org pfmblog 2007 10 making performa.html Performance Budgeting Linking Funding and Results ... item to Program Budgeting, John Kim, Seoul, 2007 http www.photius.com rankings economy budget expenditures 2012 0.html List of countries by budget its reference is the https www.cia.gov library publications ... Presupuesto p blico fr Budget de l tat hr Dr avni prora un it Bilancio dello Stato he ... more details
A no budget film is a produced cinematography film made with very little, or no money. Young directors starting out in filmmaking commonly use this method because there are few other options available to them at that point. All the actors and technicians are employed without remuneration , and the films are largely non profit organization non profit . Usually the film director director works alone ... or financing is available, not including the cost of film. No budget films are made every day ... of a Master Film Maker publisher I. B. Tauris ISBN 1860649653 page 77 ref which was produced on a budget ... Jack Smith used discarded color reversal film stock to film his no budget film classic, Flaming ..., represented by filmmakers such as Vivienne Dick , produced many notable no budget films shot on Super ..., The Lollipop Generation , Eye Weekly , 2 Apr, 2008 ref Footage for no budget films is often shot ... and yields an output of several hunded movies each year. Many of these no budget movies have been ... audiences. One of the most prolific directors in this short film genre is Dave Lojek . The no budget ... on the streets of New York, and was financed from the sales of used books during shooting. No budget ... taken advantage of low cost digital cameras and editing programs. No budget films have frequently been screened at experimental film festivals which highlight low budget productions, such as the Flicker ... in the world of alternative culture and arts. It is rare that a no budget film manages to receive ... Following . Other successful no budget films include The Gamers film The Gamers , Heathen film Heathen ... B Independent.com The leading networking and how to site for no budget cinema. http www.indie film making.com Indie Filmmaking The comprehensive guide to no budget filmmaking. http www.easyMovieMaking.com EasyMovieMaking.com Go ahead, make your movie. See also Low budget film Underground film Video ... No Budget Film ... more details
Big Budget was a British comic which ran weekly from 1897 until 1909. Deleted image removed Image Bigbudgetcover.jpg thumb right 200px 19th century issue of the British comic magazine Big Budget Published by C. Arthur Pearson Big Budget was first published on June 19th 1897. ref name BCH cite web url http www.comicsuk.co.uk History HistoryWhole.asp?PassedEra Comics 202 title British Comics History Comics UK publisher British Comics History accessdate 2009 07 25 ref Initially comprising three eight page sections The Big Budget a comic , The Comrade s Budget and The Story Budget , the latter two being text fiction sections. ref name BCH By 1898 the page count was reduced to 20 with all the sections merged into one comic. In 1905 it incorporated a story paper entitled, The Boys Leader with the comic strips started gradually disappearing until it became a fully fledged story paper. Its title changed to The Comet in 1909 and lasted for just 14 further issues. ref name BCH Notable contributors include Jack Butler Yeats Signor McCoy the Circus , John Duff Pie , Little Boy Pink and Kiroskewero the Detective , ref cite web url http lambiek.net artists w wilkinson ernest.htm title Jack Yeats publisher Lambiek.net accessdate 2009 07 25 ref and Ernest Wilkinson Doings of Von Puff, Von Eye, Iko Italiano and Von Sausage the Dog ref cite web url http www.lambiek.net artists y yeats jack.htm title Ernest Wilkinson publisher Lambiek.net accessdate 2009 07 25 ref , C. H. Chapman ref cite web url http lambiek.net artists c chapman ch.htm title C. H. Chapman publisher Lambiek.net accessdate 2009 07 25 ref and Ralph Hodgson under the pseudonym Yorick . ref cite web url http www.echological.co.uk the north east history echomemories darlington 205 110505.html title Poet s star is ready to rise once more publisher Northern Echo accessdate 2009 07 25 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref It is also notable as the first publication to publish the work of cartoonist David Low cartoonist ... more details
nofootnotes date April 2011 An energy budget is a balance sheet of energy income against expenditure . It is studied in the field of Energetics which deals with the study of energy transfer and transformation from one form to another. Calorie is the basic unit of measurement. An organism in a laboratory experiment is an open thermodynamic system, exchanging energy with its surroundings in three ways heat, work and the potential energy of biochemical compounds . Fishes, like all organisms, use ingested food resources C consumption as building blocks in the synthesis of tissues P production and as fuel in the metabolic process that power this synthesis and other physiological processes R respiratory loss . Some of the resources are lost as waste products F faecal loss, U urinary loss . All these aspects of metabolism can be represented in energy units. Fact date April 2007 The basic model of energy budget may be shown as blockquote P C R U F or blockquote blockquote P C R U F or blockquote blockquote C P R U F blockquote All the aspects of metabolism can be represented in energy units e.g. joules J 1 food calorie 4.2 kJ . Energy used for metabolism will be blockquote R C F U P blockquote Energy used in the maintenance will be blockquote R F U C P blockquote The compilation of energy budget for fish has a fairly short history, with the result that literature on the subject is limited. References Kumar, Ranjan 1999 Studies on Bioenergics modelling in a fresh water fish, Mystus vittatus Bloch , Ph.D thesis, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya. B.R. Braaten 1976 Bioenergetics a review on Methodology. In Halver J,E and K. Tiews eds . Finfish nutrition and Finfish Technology vol. II, pp .... 1997 Studies on energy budget in a siluroid fish, Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch , Ph.D thesis, Magadh ... 1996 Energy Budget in relation to various dietary conditions in snake headed murrel, Channa punctatus ... ration on the energy budget of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Rechardson . J. Fish Biol. 9, 29 ... more details
File 2005military spending.png right 350px thumb right Military spending in 2005 A military budget or military expenditure , also known as a defence budget , is the amount of finances financial resources dedicated by an entity most ften a nation or a Sovereign state state , to raising and maintaining an armed forces . Military budgets often reflect how much an entity perceives the likelihood of threats against it, or the amount of aggression it wishes to employ. It also provides an idea of how much finances could be provided for the upcoming year. The size of a budget also reflects the entity s ability to fund military activities, with factors including the size of that entity s economy, other financial demands on that entity, and the willingness of that entity s government or people to fund such military activity. Generally excluded from military expenditures is spending on Law enforcement internal law enforcement and disabled veteran rehabilitation. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute , in 2010, world military expenditure for the world amounted to 1.630 trillion United States dollar US . ref http www.sipri.org research armaments milex resultoutput 15majorspenders The World and top 15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2010 ref Current world military expenditure SIPRI Yearbook 2011 See List of countries by military expenditures Image Military.svg thumb 350px right Military spending in 2008. Darker colors indicating a higher of GDP ... to 2002 6.5 percent in volume . In some countries, this budget had been increased to the level maintained during the Cold War. The military budget of the United States lead this increase U.S. purchases ... http milexdata.sipri.org SIPRI military expenditure database DEFAULTSORT Military Budget Category Government budgets Category Military economics Budget de Verteidigungsetat es Presupuesto de defensa fr Budget de la D fense ja ru zh ... more details
A link budget is the accounting of all of the gains and losses from the transmitter, through the medium free space, cable, waveguide, fiber, etc. to the receiver in a telecommunication system. It accounts for the attenuation of the transmitted signal due to propagation, as well as the antenna gain s, feedline and miscellaneous losses. Randomly varying channel gains such as fading are taken into account by adding some margin depending on the anticipated severity of its effects. The amount of margin required can be reduced by the use of mitigating techniques such as antenna diversity or frequency hopping . A simple link budget equation looks like this Received Power dBm Transmitted Power dBm Gains decibel dB Losses dB Note that decibels are logarithmic measurements, so adding decibels is equivalent to multiplying the actual numeric ratios. Link budget radio systems For a Line of sight propagation ... in telecommunication systems, so almost every link budget equation must consider antenna gain. Transmitting ... antenna gain . This systemic gain is expressed by including the antenna gain in the link budget ... budgets are achieved. Simplifications needed br Often link budget equations can become messy and complex, so there have evolved some standard practices to simplify the link budget equation The wavelength ... Budget Equation A link budget equation including all these effects, expressed logarithmically ... into the link budget equation above, the result is the logarithmic form of the Friis transmission ... wlan budgetcalc.html Link budget calculator for Wireless LAN http www.afar.net rf link budget calculator RF Link budget calculator http www.sss mag.com pdf an9804.pdf Link budget tutorial http www.ligowave.com linkcalc Point to Point Link budget calculator http www.questinygroup.com muos MUOS Link budget calculator planner http sites.google.com site lteencyclopedia lte radio link budgeting and rf planning lte link budget comparison Example LTE, GSM and UMTS Link Budgets Category Budgets ... more details
, Hodder Headline Group, London, pg. 11 14 ref To assess the sedimentary budget the coast ... and have a fixed sediment budget, although usually leaky to some extant. Littoral cells can either ... name list List, Jeffrey H. 2005 Sedimentary budget in Schwartz, Maurice L. e.d. Encyclopedia of Coastal ... budget of a coastal environment it is important to know the different types of feedback that can ... are allowed to develop. Identifying littoral cells is crucial to determine the sediment budget ... are usually defined to better measure the sediment budget of a coast with varying rates of accretion ..., a sediment budget can be determined. ref name list Sources Rivers File Waimakariri02 gobeirne.jpg ... contribution to the coastal sedimentary budget, this being particularly true of coasts with a steep ... budget, creating major erosion and shifting of sediment along the coast. ref cite journal last1 Sharff ... for the sediment budget of a shoreline. Longshore drift Image Longshore drift.svg thumb right 300px ... north, which can be classified as a sink, putting a deficit to the coasts sedimentary budget. ref name ... budget, if they are integrated over the correct timescale. ref name list The sediment budget ... drift. A good example of the sediment budget and longshore drift working together in the coastal ... a good sources and sinks for the sediment budget. ref name Brunn ref name MichelandHowa Cross shore movement Wave swash and currents can impact significantly on the sediment budget, although it is difficult ... sedimentary budget can be maintained. This type of coastal erosion management has been adopted all ... first2 T last3 Lange first3 W. jstor 4298253 year 1994 title Sediment Budget and Equilibrium Beach ... is on going in order to ensure the sedimentary budget remains balanced. Coastal protection When protecting the coastline it is important to understand the how the sedimentary budget can be affected ... deprives a beach. Groynes have the ability to change the coast s sediment budget, accreting up ... more details
Mergeto Carbon cycle date July 2010 No footnotes date April 2010 Carbon budget refers to the contribution of various sources of carbon dioxide on the planet. Carbon budget has nothing to do with Politics of global warming political agendas, Individual and political action on climate change climate change legislation , carbon controls, Carbon capture and storage carbon storage , or geopolitical carbon footprint . Carbon Sources Annual 80.4 Tonne Gt Carbon C by soil respiration and Fermentation biochemistry fermentation Raich et al., 2002 38 GtC and rising by 0.5 GtC per annum by cumulative photosynthesis deficit Casey, 2008 by post clearance deflation See Eswaran, 1993 7.8 GtC IPCC, 2007 Needs peer reviewed reference 2.3 GtC by process of deforestation Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC , 2007 Melillo et al., 1996 Haughton & Hackler, 2002 0.03 GtC? by Volcanoes by Rift Tectonic rifts by Animal Respiration physiology Respiration by Plant Respiration physiology Respiration Carbon Sinks Annual 120 GtC by Photosynthesis Bowes, 1991 By Carbon dioxide In the oceans Ocean Carbonate Buffer Cumulative Photosynthesis Deficit Carbon pooled in photosynthesising biota ecology biota is 560 GtC Schlesinger, 1991 . Carbon released by deforestation between 1850 2000 is 156 GtC Haughton & Hackler, 2002 , reducing the total photosynthesising biomass to 540 GtC in 2000. Reduction in photosynthesis between 1850 2000 156 540 156 22 br 120 100 22 78 of 154 GtCpa a difference of 34 GtCpa in 2000 Given the increase of 0.5 GtCpa over the past eight years since 2000, this figure would be closer to 38GtCpa in 2008. References Bowes, G., 1991, Growth at Elevated CO2 Photosynthetic Responses Mediated through Rubisco , Plant Cell & Environment, v. 14. pp. 795 806 Casey, T., 2008, Deforestation and Carbon Emission , http deforestation.geologist 1011.net http deforestation.geologist 1011.net ..., D. W., & McGuire, A. D., 1996, Tropical Deforestation and the Global Carbon Budget , Annual ... more details
Infobox film name Budget Padmanabhan image caption director writer starring Prabhu Ganesan br Ramya Krishnan br Karan actor Karan br Mumtaj br Vivek Actor Vivek br Manivannan br Kovai Sarala br Nizhalgal Ravi producer music cinematography editor released runtime language Tamil language Tamil country FilmIndia budgetBudget Padmanabhan is a South Indian Tamil film released in 2000. Plot When he was a young boy, Padmanabhan Prabhu Ganesan was driven out of his house along with his parents by an evil hearted money lender Nizhalgal Ravi , who gave him a condition if by a stipulated time period Padmanabhan could raise enough money to buy back the house he could reclaim it as his own. Since then, Padmanabhan has been living a very thrifty life, always counting the cost of his daily expenses. Even after marriage to Ramya Ramya Krishnan , he still focuses on his finances, at times to the detriment of his personal relationships with his wife and relatives, who all live together in a small house. In a sub plot, Padmanabhan hires a housemaid Mumtaj , who turns out to be the estranged and separated wife of his boss s son. The story focuses on Padmanabhan s attempt to raise the money to buy back his house and his struggles to adapt with changes in his life, including Ramya giving birth to triplets. But he gradually learns about the importance of relationships and human values and how some things in life are more important than money. In a final twist to the story, after raising the money, Padmanabhan realises that it has been stolen from his motorcycle. In despair he is about to give up and officially hand over the house to the money lender, but then his boss s son helps him out by providing him the money just in time. The earlier delighted money lender is now shocked at realising that he must give up the house where his family members have long since settled, and orders his relatives to pack up and leave. He drags his two children out of the house and they burst into tears at the prospect ... more details
unreferenced date May 2009 Operating weight is the basic weight of a vehicle or machine, including the driver operator and fuel. See also Operating empty weight Category Vehicle design ... more details
File BLW 19th Century Operating Table.jpg thumb right 170px A 19th century operating table. An operating table , sometimes called operating room Table furniture table , is the table on which the patient lies during a surgical operation. ref name TFD http www.thefreedictionary.com operating table Operating ... room of a hospital . ref name Reverso http dictionary.reverso.net english cobuild operating 20table Operating table , dictionary.reverso.net ref Definiton Two main classifications system and mobile An operating table system is basically made up of three components an operating table column, the table top and the transporter. Modern operating table systems are available as both stationary and mobile ... disciplines. Mobile operating tables, however, tend to be equipped with a specific discipline in mind. The base, column and table top form a unit. Since the table column for a stationary operating ... be brought to the operating area and positioned. These devices include, for example, x ray equipment ... since disruptive foot geometry is no longer present. Additional elements can be adapted to the operating ... patient or the surgical discipline. The advantage of the mobile operating table, on the other hand, is that the position of the table can be changed within the operating room. However, the foot ... special feature of the operating table system is the ability to use appropriate interface modules ... made of an operating table There are a number of basic functions that every operating table must fulfill in order to meet the requirements made of it. For example, the height of an operating table ..., the individual operating table segments must also be adjustable . This is the only way to ensure the necessary anatomical bends of the body and enable extremities to be positioned suitable for operating. A further property of the operating table top is radiolucency . The radiolucent surface should ... for. Comparison Operating table system and mobile operating table The operating table system has a number ... more details
Cleanup date January 2010 An operating subsidiary is a business term frequently used within the United States in corporate corporate profile profile descriptions. In the railroad industry, for example, it refers to a company that is a subsidiary but operates with its own identity and rolling stock . In contrast, a non operating subsidiary would exist on paper only, but for operating purposes would use the identity and rolling stock of the parent company . DEFAULTSORT Operating Subsidiary Category Business ... more details
Multiple issues wikify April 2012 cleanup March 2008 unreferenced March 2008 The operating ratio is a financial term defined as a company s operating expenses as a percentage of revenue. This financial ratio is most commonly used for industries which require a large percentage of revenues to maintain operations, such as railroad s. In railroading, an operating ratio of 80 or lower is considered desirable. Definition of Operating Ratio A ratio that shows the efficiency of a company s management by comparing operating expense to net sales. Calculated as Operating Ratio Operating Expense Net Sales The smaller the ratio, the greater the organization s ability to generate profit if revenues decrease. When using this ratio, however, investors should be aware that it doesn t take debt repayment or expansion into account. Read more http www.investopedia.com terms o operatingratio.asp ixzz1plc2rZns Read more http www.investopedia.com terms o operatingratio.asp ixzz1plb2g7ys Category Corporate finance Category Financial ratios econ stub ja ... more details
unreferenced date October 2010 The operating environment in engineering describes the circumstances surrounding and potentially affecting something that is operating. For example electronic or mechanical equipment may be affected by high temperatures, vibration, dust, and other parameters which comprise the operating environment. Computing In a computer the operating environment includes temperature and so on affecting circuitry but in particular the term is often used to describe the non physical environment in which software runs. This may apply to application software with which users interact, comprising the look and feel of the system, its appearance and the things that have to be done to achieve desired results. The term may also apply to system software e.g., software designed for a Unix environment will do things differently than in a Microsoft Windows environment. Some operating environments for programming purposes are referred as programming environments e.g., the UNIX programming environment for a Unix shell with its look and feel and functionality. Operating environment is not the totality of the functionality and appearance of an operating system . The environment and environment variables Main environment variable Some operating systems have an area of memory called the environment which can contain environment variable s which tell processes about such matters as where the particular computer system expects temporary files to be stored, i.e., some details of the operating environment. See also computing Operating system MS DOS and its various versions Microsoft Windows and its various versions Unix and its various versions br Desktop environment , the graphical user interface to the computer Environment variable Integrated development environment , a type ... is running References reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Operating Environment Category Computing terminology Category ... ru simple Operating environment tl Kapaligirang pampamamalakad ... more details
Operating leverage is a measure of how revenue growth translates into growth in operating income . It is a measure of Leverage finance leverage , and of how risky volatile a company s operating income is. Definition There are various measures of operating leverage, ref http www.westga.edu bquest 1998 leverage.html Operating and Financial leverage Bot generated title ref which can be interpreted analogously ... servicing is a fixed cost. This leads to two measures of operating leverage One measure is fixed costs ... variable cost is constant, then as sales increase, operating leverage as measured by fixed costs to total costs or variable costs decreases. Contribution Contribution margin is a measure of operating ... of total costs , the faster the profits increase with sales. Note that unlike other measures of operating ..., and does not change with Sales. Contribution Sales Variable Cost DOL and Operating income Operating leverage can also be measured in terms of change in operating income for a given change in sales revenue . The Degree of Operating Leverage DOL can be computed in a number of equivalent ways one way it is defined as the ratio of the percentage change in Operating Income for a given percentage change in Sales harv Brigham 1995 p 426 math text DOL frac text change in Operating Income text change in Sales math This can also be computed as Total Contribution Margin over Operating Income math text DOL frac text Total Contribution text Operating Income frac text Total Contribution text Total ... Alternatively, as Contribution Margin Ratio over Operating Margin math text DOL frac text Contribution Margin Ratio text Operating Margin math For instance, if a company has sales of 1,000,000 units ... is 40, its Total Contribution is 40m, and its Operating Income is 30m, so its DOL is math frac text ... Ratio divided by 60 30m 50m Operating Margin. It currently has Sales of 50m and Operating Income of 30m, so additional Unit Sales say of 100,000 units yield 5m more Sales and 4m more Operating Income ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2011 An operating agreement is an agreement among limited liability company LLC Members governing the LLC s business, and Member s financial and managerial rights and duties. Many states in the United States require an LLC to have an Operating Agreement. LLCs operating without an Operating Agreement are governed by the State s default rules contained in the relevant statute and developed through state court decisions. An Operating Agreement is similar in function to by laws corporate by laws , or analogous to a partnership agreement in multi member LLC s. In single member LLCs, an operating agreement is a declaration of the structure that the member has chosen for the company and sometimes used to prove in court that the LLC structure is separate from that of the individual owner and thus necessary so that the owner has documentation to prove that he or she is indeed separate from the entity itself. Limited Liability Companies are very flexible in nature and the operating agreement defines each member or manager s rights, powers and entitlements. This includes capital accounts, membership interest, distributions of profit and allocated tax responsibility, just to name a few. This internal document is an agreement set by the company members that contains provisions for critical items and rules that run the company. Operating agreements can be amended at any time by the company members or managers. External links http www.northwestregisteredagent.com pdf operating agreement.pdf PDF signable example to use http smallbusiness.yahoo.com r article a 2586 m 4 sc 20 creating an llc operating agreement i Yahoo Small Business http archive.flsenate.gov statutes index.cfm?App mode Display Statute&URL 0600 0699 0608 0608.html Florida Statutes, Limited Liability Companies Category Business Category Business documents Category Business process Category Business terms Category Documents ... more details
File Operating theatre.jpg right thumb 150 pix Inside a contemporary operating room An operating theater ... is used synonymously with operating room OR or operating suite , the modern facility within a hospital ... of observers watching the operation. Operating theatres had a raised table or chair of some sort at the center for performing operations, and were surrounded by several rows of seats operating ... and Asepsis aseptic operating conditions through the use of gowns, caps, and shoe covers ... with flat surfaces and the shelving was easy to clean glass. Neuber also introduced separate operating ... f r die Deutsche Wirtschaft ref Operating rooms Unreferenced section date October 2009 Contemporary operating rooms are devoid of a theater setting, though some in teaching hospitals may have small galleries making the term operating theater a misnomer for the modern facility. Operating rooms are spacious ... , and may have viewing screens and Medical monitor monitors . Operating rooms are generally windowless ... of the operating table and the anesthesia cart . In addition, there are tables to set up instruments ... the operating room is a dedicated scrubbing area that is used by surgeon s, anesthetist s, ODPs operating department practitioners , and nurses prior to surgery. An operating room will have a map to enable the terminal cleaner to realign the operating table and equipment to the desired layout during cleaning. Several operating rooms are part of the operating suite that forms a distinct section within a health care facility. Besides the operating rooms and their wash rooms, it contains rooms for personnel ..., offices, dedicated corridors, and possibly other supportive units. In larger facilities, the operating ... personnel have access. Operating room equipment File Sala de Cirurgia Hospital de Est ncia.jpg thumb The operating table in the center of the room can be raised, lowered, and tilted in any direction. The operating room lights are over the table to provide bright light, without shadows, during ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 An operating context OC for an application is the external environment that influences its operation. For a mobile application, the OC is defined by the hardware and software environment in the device, the target user, and other constraints imposed by various other stakeholders, such as a carrier. This concept differs from the operating system OS by the impact of these various other stakeholders. Example Here is an example of one device, with one operating system, changing its operating context without changing the OS. A user with a mobile phone changes SIM card s, removing card A, and inserting card B. The phone will now make any telecommunications network network calls over cell phone carrier A s network, rather than B s. Any applications running on the phone will run in a new operating context, and will often have to change functionality to adapt to the abilities, and business logic, of the new carrier. The network, spectrum, and wireless protocol all change in this example. These changes must be reflected back to the user, so the user knows what experience to expect, and thus these changes all change the user interface UI also. Hardware agnostic context Situations exist where one can program in a context, with less concern about what hardware it will actually run on. Examples include Flash and Android operating system Android . Unfortunately, it also quite common that code in a hardware free context will see hardware specific bugs. This is common with software written for, that interacts more directly with, personal computer PC hardware, or mobile phone s. References http www.comp.nus.edu.sg damithch df device fragmentation.htm Fragmentation of Mobile Applications Operating context is defined in this article See also List of operating systems Comparison of operating systems Category Computing terminology comp stub ... more details
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