Oppau may refer to Ludwigshafen Oppau , a suburb of Ludwigshafen , Germany the Oppau explosion which occurred there in 1921 until 1945, Opawa, Lower Silesian Voivodeship , Poland until 1945, a part of Beneschau , now as Z b eh part of Doln Bene ov , Czech Republic See also Opava disambiguation Opawa disambiguation geodis Category German toponyms Category German exonyms Category Slavic toponyms Category Slavic loanwords de Oppau ... more details
Image Oppau Explosion 1921.JPG thumb right 250px Caption from Popular Mechanics Magazine 1921 The Oppau explosion occurred on September 21, 1921 when a storage silo tower silo storing 4,500 metric tonne tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a BASF plant in Oppau , now part of Ludwigshafen , Germany , killing 500&ndash 600 people and injuring about 2,000 more. some sources say 561 dead, 1,952 injured, other 565 dead, over 2,000 injured The plant began producing ammonium sulfate in 1911, but during World War I when Germany was unable to obtain the necessary sulfur , it began to produce ammonium nitrate as well. Ammonia could be produced without overseas resources, using the Haber process . Compared to ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate is strongly hygroscopic , so the mixture of ammonium sulfate and nitrate clogged together under the pressure of its own weight, turning it into a plaster like substance in the 20 m high silo. The workers needed to use pickaxe s to get it out, a problematic situation because they could not enter the silo and risk being buried in collapsing fertilizer. To ease their work, small charges of dynamite were used to loosen the mixture. The procedure was tried experimentally and was considered safe it was not known ... even farther away. In Heidelberg 30 km from Oppau , traffic was stopped by the mass of broken glass on the streets. About 80 percent of all buildings in Oppau were destroyed, leaving 6,500 homeless ... The Oppau Disaster journal The Outlook New York The Outlook volume 129 issue pages 162 id url http ... The Devastation Caused By Explosion In Dye Works At Oppau, Germany journal The Outlook New York The Outlook ... 2009 07 30 quote Refend External links http www.bufata chemie.de reader ig farben pics 1 4 3 01 oppau big.jpg Photo of the Oppau explosion http www.kalenderblatt.de index.php?what thmanu&manu id 1021 ... and explosions Category BASF de Explosion des Oppauer Stickstoffwerkes fr Explosion d Oppau ja ... more details
Infobox military conflict conflict Ludwigshafen and Oppau WWII bombings partof Campaigns of World War II Strategic bombing campaign in Europe Strategic bombing campaign in Europe image File Grey Bus Friedrichshafen.JPG 300px caption Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen date 1944 1945 place Ludwigshafen , Oppau result combatant1 flagicon United States 1912 United States Army Air Forces USAAF br flagicon United Kingdom RAF Bomber Command combatant2 flagicon Nazi Germany Luftwaffe commander1 Carl Spaatz br Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet Arthur Harris commander2 strength1 strength2 casualties1 casualties2 The bombing of Ludwigshafen and Oppau in World War II attacked several strategic targets in the area, including targets of the Oil Campaign of World War II . Ludwigshafen oil plants were managed by Dr. Wurster of the Ludwigshafen Military Government, and their chief function was to improve gasoline quality by dehydrogenation using the DHD process. Ludwigshafen also refined 30 50 tons day of crude oil...brought in from Br cksel, near Karlsruhe...to products including lube oils. About 2.5 miles away from Ludwigshafen, an Oppau explosion Oppau plant produced fertizer and up to 800 T day nitrogen as ammonia and a considerable part of this was exported as liquid ammonia to Hochst, Wolfen and Bittefeld. A separate Oppau plant produced up to 60 T day of Urea . Dr. Gogel was head of the high pressure department at Oppau. After visiting the Ludwigshafen and Oppau factories from March 25 31 and 27 30 May, in August 1946, a post war team published the Report On Investigations by Fuels and Lubricants Teams At The I.G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Works, Ludwigshafen and Oppau . http www.fischer tropsch.org Bureau of Mines info circ ic 7375 ic 7375.htm cellspacing 0 cellpadding 2 border 1 align center style border collapse collapse text align left colspan 6 bgcolor silver Ludwigshafen and Oppau ... 12px Mission 601 325 of 345 B 17s bombed the Ludwigshafen Oppau Opau synthetic oil plant . sort ... more details
otherplaces3 Opawa Infobox Settlement name Opawa settlement type Village image skyline Opawa, ko ci pw. w. Jadwigi 1.jpg image flag image shield image map subdivision type Countries of the world Country subdivision name POL subdivision type1 Voivodeships of Poland Voivodeship subdivision name1 Lower Silesian Voivodeship Lower Silesian subdivision type2 Powiat County subdivision name2 Kamienna G ra County Kamienna G ra subdivision type3 Gmina subdivision name3 Gmina Lubawka Lubawka latd latm lats latNS longd longm longs longEW elevation m population total website Opawa IPAc pl o p a w a lang de Oppau is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubawka , within Kamienna G ra County , Lower Silesian Voivodeship , in south western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany . gallery Image Opawa.jpg Opawa latem Image Opawa kosciol.jpg Church in Opawa gallery External links Gmina Lubawka coord 50.7006 N 15.8939 E source kolossus dewiki display title Category Villages in Kamienna G ra County Opawa KamiennaG ra geo stub de Opawa Lubawka nl Opawa Neder Silezi pl Opawa wojew dztwo dolno l skie ... more details
, Oppau and Mundenheim , but most of the area was still swampland. The Rheinschanze Image RheinschanzeMannheim.jpg ... during the 1920s was thrown back by the Oppau explosion worst explosion ever in a German industrial ... and villages in the vicinity. Thus Oggersheim, Oppau, Edigheim , Rheing nheim and Maudach became ... War II , the Allies conducted Bombing of Ludwigshafen and Oppau in World War II bombing of Ludwigshafen and Oppau . Thirteen thousand Allied bombers hit the city in 121 separate raids during the war ... impressive tower blocks. Oppau gallery Image Ludwigshafen Oppau.png position Image Ludwigshafen Oppau katholische Kirche.jpg catholic church Image Ludwigshafen Oppau BASF Parkplatz.jpg BASF Bicycles Image Ludwigshafen Oppau Gedenkstaette 1921.jpg 1921 Memorial gallery Oppau ca. 10,000 inhabitants in the North ... of Oppau in the South, today ist almost as large as Oppau. The Pfingstweide ca. 6,000 inhabitants ... in the Rathaus Center, but also the Schillerhaus Oggersheim, K.O. Braun Museum in Oppau ... Oppau, B rgerpark Pfingstweide or Zedtwitzpark Mundenheim. The Maudacher Bruch in the West between ... more details
Counter proliferation refers to Diplomacy diplomatic , Intelligence information gathering intelligence , and military efforts to combat the proliferation of weapon s, including both conventional weapon s and Weapon of mass destruction weapons of mass destruction . Arms control is a related term. Weapons of mass destruction Weapons of mass destruction Nuclear Main Nuclear weapon Radiological weapon seealso Chernobyl disaster Goi nia accident Biological Main Biological weapon Chemical Main Chemical weapon Industrial accident s, such as the Bhopal disaster , Halifax Explosion , Texas City Disaster , and Oppau explosion have caused mass casualties. seealso Chlorine chloramine phosgene hydrogen cyanide seealso Nerve agent Cholinesterase inhibitor Diisopropyl fluorophosphate seealso Chemical Weapons Convention Materials MASINT Weapons delivery Missile technology Long range missile technology is of greatest threat when the missiles carry weapons of mass destruction, but long range weapons with precision guidance can be serious threats with explosive or other conventional warheads. This has been supplemented by the International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation ICOC , also known as the Hague Code of Conduct. Technical means of verification, including space based sensors that can scan large parts of the world, can provide early warning of long range missile development. Electro optical MASINT Space based staring infrared sensors Space based Staring Infrared Sensors can detect the heat of rocket launching motors. Various radars can monitor range and other characteristics, but they need to be in a place where they have line of sight to the missile trajectory. The United States, probably Russia, and possibly other nations have aircraft based and ship based sensors that can monitor such tests, but there has to be warning of potential tests so these sensors can be deployed. Conventional weapons seealso Expanding bullet Incendiary device Protocol on Blinding ... more details
File Frieder Bernius 1.jpg 200px thumb Frieder Bernius Frieder Bernius Ludwigshafen Oppau, 22 June 1947 is a German conductor. ref Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart allgemeine Enzyklop die Friedrich Blume, Ludwig Finscher 1999 Bernius. Frieder 22. Juni 1947 in Ludwigshafen Rhein, Chordirigent. Nach dem Studium der Schulmusik und Mw. in Stuttgart und ... ref ref http www.choral competition mosbach.de en jury frieder bernius biography in English ref He founded the Stuttgart Chamber Choir in 1968, though it was not till 1985 when the choir decisively orientated itself to early music and very quickly made a name as an early music conductor. ref Susanne Benda entry in Musikland Baden W rttemberg Basis und Spitze Page 17 ed. Norbert Bolin, Andreas Bomba 2006 Frieder Bernius FRlEDER BERNlUS Das klingt zauberhaft Frieder Bernius, le magicien , ... Mit Hilfe gro er lnterpretennamen der Alte Musik Szene machte sich der 1947 in Ludwigshafen geborene Dirigent in Stuttgart rasch einen Namen ref The ensemble performs on historical instruments, and is a standard bearer of historically informed performance HIP , ref Demofoonte opera of N Jommelli, P Metastasio 1978 arop opera.com sous la baguette toute de vitalit passionn e de Frieder Bernius qui, toujours sur instruments anciens, a d j dirig , Stuttgart, un autre chef d uvre m connu de Jommelli, Vologeso ref however Bernius approach to Bach has been to continue to favour the several voice to a part approach to historical performance, as opposed to the one voice per part approach advocated by Andrew Parrott and Joshua Rifkin . ref S Beghein Still performing Bach Early Music, 2009 Oxford University Press In the opening session, Andrew Parrott conductor of the Taverner Consort, Choir and Players and musicologist , Andreas Gl ckner research associate at the Bach Archiv Leipzig and Frieder Bernius conductor of the Kammerchor Stuttgart presented opposing readings of the presented opposing readings of the historical sources concerning ... more details
gaining promotion to the 2nd Oberliga S dwest . The founder members were BSC Oppau VfR Friesenheim ... width 80 Season width 200 Club 1952 53 BSC Oppau 1953 54 SpVgg Weisenau 1954 55 FC Sobernheim 1955 ... more details
members were BSC Oppau VfR Friesenheim FSV Schifferstadt Ph nix Bellheim SV Alsenborn TuS Hochspeyer ... 0 class wikitable align center bgcolor dfdfdf width 80 Season width 200 Club 1952 53 BSC Oppau 1953 ... more details
Heinrich Ludwig Hermann Krekeler 20 July 1906 Bottrop 5 August 2003 Bad Salzuflen was a German chemist, politician, and ambassador. ref cite web url http www.timesonline.co.uk tol comment obituaries article884788.ece title Lives in Brief publisher The Times date 2003 08 26 accessdate 2011 09 19 ref Life After completion of primary school and secondary school, he studied at the University of Freiburg , University of Munich , and University of G ttingen . In 1930, he received his doctorate, PhD from the University of Berlin . ref cite web url http www.aip.org history ohilist 5036.html title Oral History Transcript Dr. Heinz Krekeler publisher American Institute of Physics date accessdate 2011 09 19 ref Then he worked as a chemist, in Berlin from 1934 to 1945, and was employee of IG Farben , Ludwigshafen Oppau . On 4 December 1931, he applied for a U.S. patent 1,863,661 for the production of fluorine by the so called fluorine electrolysis process. That application was upheld on 21 June 1932. From 1945, he was co owner of Eilers and Sch nemann Verlag, Bremen mbH. As co founder and member of the Free Democratic Party Free Democratic Party Germany FDP , he helped to build a district association in Schotmar. Heinz Krekeler brought together along with the newspaper publisher Max Staercke of Detmold from the existing two district organizations and founded on 6 September 1946 the National Committee of the FDP. After the inclusion of the independent provincial in the state of North Rhine Westphalia on 21 January 1947 were brought together under his chairmanship, the two country groups, Minden and Principality of Lippe Lippe . He was an honorary officer of the economic administration of the French occupation zone in the Economics Ministry in Koblenz, and the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs in Freiburg, and the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs in T bingen U.S. zone of occupation . From 1946 to 1947, he was a member of the Parliament of Lippe, and in 1946 a mem ... more details
and Lubricants Teams At The I.G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Works, Ludwigshafen and Oppau url http ... Part 10, Table 4 and IG Farben I.G. Farbenindustrie Blechhammer, which? Ludwigshafen Oppau, ref name ... more details
production plant in Oppau, adding fertilizer s to its product range. BASF also acquired and began mining ... World War. On September 21, 1921, an explosion occurred in Oppau , killing 565 people. The Oppau explosion ... more details
of Chicago for the Year Ending December 31, 1909 , Amberg, 1910. ref September 21, 1921 Oppau ... OppauOppau , now part of Ludwigshafen , Germany , killing 500&ndash 600 people and injuring ... more details
Teams At The I.G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Works, Ludwigshafen and Oppau url http www.fischer tropsch.org ... War II Ludwigshafen &ndash Ludwigshafen OppauOppau The 351 BG bombed the explosives factory ref ... Group ref at Oppau Citation needed date May 2011 . Prior to May 1944, explosives production was 99,000 ... 337 and the 447 BG bombed the Ludwigshafen oil refinery. In addition to the nearby Oppau plants, Ludwigshafen ... director of Oppau and Ludwigshafen. ref 13.70 Ludwigshafen targets were subsequently bombed ... more details
pp move indef SeptemberCalendar float right ThisDateInRecentYears Day Events 455 &ndash Emperor Avitus enters Ancient Rome Rome with a Gaul Gallic army and consolidates his power. 1217 &ndash Livonian Crusade The Estonians Estonian tribal leader Lembitu and Livonian people Livonian leader Caupo of Turaida Kaupo are killed in Battle of St. Matthew s Day . 1435 &ndash An Treaty agreement between Charles VII of France and Philip the Good ends the partnership between the English and Duchy of Burgundy Burgundy in Hundred Years War . 1745 &ndash Battle of Prestonpans A House of Hanover Hanoverian army under the command of John Cope British Army officer Sir John Cope is defeated, in ten minutes, by the Jacobitism Jacobite forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart 1776 &ndash Part of New York City is Great Fire of New York 1776 burned shortly after being occupied by British forces. 1780 &ndash American Revolutionary War Benedict Arnold gives the Kingdom of Great Britain British the plans to West Point, New York West Point . 1792 &ndash The National Convention declares France a republic and Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy abolishes the monarchy . 1823 &ndash Joseph Smith is reportedly visited by the angel Moroni , who told him the location of gold plates, which Smith obtained four years later and partially translated into Book of Mormon The Book of Mormon . 1860 &ndash In the Second Opium War , an United Kingdom Anglo French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Palikao . 1896 &ndash British force under Horatio Kitchener takes Dongola in the Sudan . 1897 &ndash The Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus editorial is published in the New York Sun historical New York Sun . 1898 &ndash Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days Reform in China. 1921 &ndash A storage silo in Ludwigshafen Oppau , Germany, Oppau explosion explodes , killing 500 600 people. 1933 &ndash Salvador Lutteroth ran the first ever Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre EMLL now C ... more details
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