have been associated with opticatrophy type 1, which is a dominantly inherited optic neuropathy resulting ... opa GeneReview NCBI NIH UW entry on OpticAtrophy Type 1 Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading ... Johnston RL, Seller MJ, Behnam JT, et al. title Dominant opticatrophy. Refining the clinical diagnostic ..., is mutated in dominant opticatrophy journal Nat. Genet. volume 26 issue 2 pages 207 10 year 2000 ..., encoding a dynamin related GTPase, is mutated in autosomal dominant opticatrophy linked to chromosome ... of OPA1 mutations in dominant opticatrophy journal Hum. Mol. Genet. volume 10 issue 13 pages ... of dominant opticatrophy in the Danish population evidence for a founder effect journal Hum ... of mutations in the OPA1 gene in patients with autosomal dominant opticatrophy journal Invest ... opticatrophy family evidence that haploinsufficiency is the cause of disease journal J. Med. Genet ... exons named 4b and 5b, have been reported for this gene. ref name entrez See also Kjer s optic neuropathy ... S, Mori N, Kishi M, et al. title A novel mutation in the OPA1 gene in a Japanese patient with opticatrophy journal Am. J. Ophthalmol. volume 135 issue 2 pages 256 7 year 2003 pmid 12566046 doi 10.1016 ... more details
atrophyOpticatrophy Spinomuscular atrophy Testicular atrophy Hypertrophy References ...dablink For the American thrash metal band, see Atrophy band Infobox Disease Name Atrophy Image Mouse with spinal muscular atrophy.jpg Caption Mice with spinal muscular atrophy DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D001284 Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body . Causes of atrophy include mutation s which can destroy the gene ... of tissue. A diminished muscular trophic is designated as atrophy . Atrophy is the general physiological ... to other disease, it is termed pathological atrophy , although it can be a part of normal body development and homeostasis as well. Atrophy examples Normal development Examples of atrophy as part of normal ... s in adolescence. Muscle atrophies main Muscle atrophy Disuse atrophy of muscle s muscle atrophy .... . This type of atrophy can usually be reversed with exercise unless severe. Astronauts in microgravity must exercise regularly to minimize atrophy of their limb muscles. There are many diseases and conditions which cause atrophy of muscle mass. For example diseases such as cancer and AIDS induce a body wasting syndrome called cachexia , which is notable for the severe muscle atrophy seen. Other syndromes or conditions which can induce skeletal muscle atrophy are congestive heart failure and liver ... function and mass. This condition is called sarcopenia , and may be distinct from atrophy in its pathophysiology ... ency article 003188.htm title Muscle atrophy publisher MedlinePlus accessdate 2007 10 02 date 2007 ... Pathologic atrophy of muscles can occur with diseases of the motor nerves, or diseases of the muscle ... fibrillation can also result in muscle atrophy. Gland atrophy The adrenal gland s atrophy during prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoid s like prednisone . Atrophy of the breast s can occur with prolonged estrogen reduction, as with anorexia nervosa or menopause . Atrophy of the testes occurs ... more details
728.2 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 003188 eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D009133 Muscle atrophy , or disuse atrophy , is defined as a decrease in the mass of the muscle it can be a partial or complete wasting ... force is related to mass. Muscle atrophy results from a co morbidity of several common diseases ... in these disease settings have a poor prognosis . Moreover, starvation eventually leads to muscle atrophy. Disuse of the muscles will also lead to atrophy. Clinical settings of atrophy There are many diseases and conditions which cause a decrease in muscle mass, known as atrophy , including Dejerine ..., etc. Other syndromes or conditions which can induce skeletal muscle atrophy are liver disease, and starvation. Quality of life Muscular atrophy decreases quality of life as the sufferer becomes unable ... atrophy increases the risks of falling in conditions such as IBM inclusion body myositis . Muscular atrophy affects a major number of elderly. Other muscles diseases, distinct from atrophy During ... loss of muscle mass atrophy , or the age related decrease in muscle function sarcopenia , there are other ... reactions in the body directed against muscle the myopathies . Pathophysiology Muscle atrophy ... atrophy, there is a down regulation of protein synthesis pathways, and an activation protein degradation ref Sandri M. 2008. Signaling in Muscle Atrophy and Hypertrophy. http physiologyonline.physiology.org ... pathway which seems to be responsible for much of the muscle loss seen in a muscle undergoing atrophy ..., causing their ubiquitination. Potential treatment Muscle atrophy can be opposed by the signaling ... effect. One important rehabilitation tool for muscle atrophy includes the use of functional ... of muscular atrophy, the use of an anabolic steroid such as methandrostenolone is administered to patients ... also Brown atrophy of the heart Muscle weakness Muscular dystrophy Myotonic dystrophy References reflist External links MeshName Muscular atrophy Myopathy Category Physiology Category Medical signs ... more details
Aesthetic atrophy is the diminished capacity to appreciate new or unfamiliar music or other sensory stimuli. It is typically accompanied by the sufferer s retreat to familiar and comfortable works. ref Cite news last Cizmar first Martin coauthors title The Scourge of Aesthetic Atrophy, and the Top 50 Albums of the Aughts newspaper Phoenix New Times location Phoenix, Arizona pages language publisher New Times Media date 31 December 2009 url http www.phoenixnewtimes.com 2009 12 31 music the scourge of aesthetic atrophy at the top 50 albums of the aughts 2 accessdate 2 January 2010 ref References reflist Category Aesthetics ... more details
unreferenced date November 2009 Testicular atrophy is a medical condition in which the male reproductive organ anatomy organ s the testes , which in humans are located in the scrotum diminish in size and may be accompanied by loss of function. This does not refer to temporary changes, such as those brought on by cold. Some medications can cause testicular atrophy. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids AAS can cause testicular atrophy by reducing the amount of luteinizing hormone LH produced by the pituitary gland. LH stimulates the testicles to produce testosterone. Testicular atrophy caused by steroid use can be prevented by taking hCG, a drug which mimics the effect of LH. However, hCG will simply address the symptoms. Endogenious levels of anabolic androgenic steroids will remain the cause, and testicular atrophy will continue until the male body regains homeostasis. It is unclear how long hCG can be administered to a male on anabolic androgenic steroids before desensitization occurs. See also Orchitis References reflist External links http www.tabexperts.com TesticularAtrophy.htm Following Inguinal Hernia repair med sign stub Category Testicle disorders de Hodenatrophie pt Atrofia testicular ... more details
Infobox disease Name Olivopontocerebellar atrophy ICD10 ICD10 G 23 8 g 20 ICD9 ICD9 333.0 ICDO Image Gray707.png Caption Sagittal section through right cerebellar hemisphere. The right olive has also been cut sagitally. OMIM MedlinePlus 000758 eMedicineSubj neuro eMedicineTopic 282 DiseasesDB 2012 DiseasesDB mult DiseasesDB2 9208 MeshID D009849 Olivopontocerebellar atrophy OPCA is a term that describes the degeneration of neurons in specific areas of the brain the cerebellum, pons, and inferior olives. ref name nidsopca cite web title NINDS Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Information Page accessdate ... spinocerebellar ataxia known as Machado Joseph disease and Multiple system atrophy multiple system atrophy MSA , with which it is primarily associated. ref name nidsopca OPCA may also be found in the brains ... and Andr Thomas . ref WhoNamedIt synd 1903 Dejerine Thomas atrophy ref ref J. J. Dejerine, A. Thomas ... K, Fox A. 2009 Challenge oriented gait and balance training in sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy ... Ramos JM, Wenning GK. Olivopontocerebellar atrophy toward a better nosological definition. Mov Disord. 21 10 1607 13, 2006 . ref Hereditary Disorders The term olivopontocerebellar atrophy is currently .... ref Winkler ref Winkler, C. A case of olivo pontine cerebellar atrophy and our conceptions of neo ... uses of the term In the past, the term olivopontocerebellar atrophy extended to both the sporadic ... system atrophy , ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?db mesh&cmd search&term multiple system atrophy MeSH Result Bot generated title ref as well as to four hereditary types, which have ... in sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy a case study. J Neurol Phys Ther. 33 3 160 8. ref . The treatment ... reflist 2 External links GPnotebook 113967058 olivopontocerebellar atrophy GPnotebook 429195218 lethal olivopontocerebellar atrophy NINDS opca http www.alyshia.com opca about.html OPCA Awareness CNS diseases of the nervous system DEFAULTSORT Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Category Brain disorders ja ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2011 Infobox disease Name Cerebral degeneration ICD9 ICD9 331.9 Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain . Atrophy of any tissue means loss of cells. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neuron s and the connections between them. Atrophy can be generalized, which means that all of the brain has shrunk or it can be focal, affecting only a limited area of the brain and resulting in a decrease of the functions that area of the brain controls. If the cerebral hemispheres the two lobes of the brain that form the cerebrum are affected, conscious thought and voluntary processes may be impaired. Associated diseases and disorders The pattern and rate of progression of cerebral atrophy depends on the disease involved. Diseases that cause cerebral atrophy include age stroke and traumatic brain injury Depression mood Major depressive disorder Alzheimer s disease , Pick s disease , senile dementia , Frontotemporal dementia fronto temporal dementia , and vascular dementia cerebral palsy , in which lesions damaged areas may impair motor coordination Huntington s disease , and other genetic disorders that cause build up of toxic levels of proteins in neurons leukodystrophies, such as Krabbe disease , which destroy the myelin sheath that protects axon s mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, such as Kearns Sayre syndrome , which interfere with the basic functions of neurons multiple sclerosis , which causes inflammation, myelin damage, and lesions in cerebral tissue infectious diseases , such as encephalitis , neurosyphilis , and AIDS , in which an infectious agent or the inflammatory reaction to it destroys neurons and their axons epilepsy , in which lesions cause abnormal electrochemical discharges that result in seizures ... diseases that cause cerebral atrophy are associated with dementia, seizure s, and a group of language ... system DEFAULTSORT Cerebral Atrophy Category Gross pathology de Hirnatrophie ta ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name Atrophy image caption image size background group or band alias origin Tucson, Arizona , USA genre Thrash metal years active 1986&ndash 1990 label Roadrunner Records Roadrunner associated acts website http www.roadrunnerrecords.com theVault artist.aspx?artist id 102841 Roadrunner Records Archive current members past members James Gulotta br Tim Kelly br Chris Lykins br Rick Skowron br Brian Zimmerman notable instruments Atrophy was a thrash metal band formed in Tucson, Arizona , USA by Chris Lykins, James Gulotta, and Brian Zimmerman. The original bandname was Heresy, but by the time the band was rounded out to its professional line up &ndash with Tim Kelly and Rick Skowron joining the fold &ndash the name was changed. In 1987, the band produced two cassette demos and were subsequently picked up by major thrash metal specialist label, Roadrunner Records . They recorded two albums &ndash Socialized Hate in 1988, and Violent By Nature in 1990 &ndash and toured the USA and Europe with fellow Arizonans Sacred Reich and Switzerland Swiss band, Coroner band Coroner . Following the European tour, Chris Lykins left the band to go to medical school. The band attempted to carry on with new members and even got so far as making a pre production tape for a third album, but Roadrunner Records lost confidence in the band &ndash Chris Lykins was one of the main songwriters &ndash and they were dropped by the label as a consequence. ref http www.metalwhore.com main index.php?option com content&task view&id 135&Itemid 58 ref Tim Kelly and James Gulotta went on to form a band called Head Circus, which Rick Skowron is also a member ... links http www.roadrunnerrecords.com theVault artist.aspx?artist id 102841 Atrophy at Roadrunner Records DEFAULTSORT Atrophy Category Musical groups established in 1986 Category Musical groups disestablished ... of Tucson, Arizona US metal band stub de Atrophy it Atrophy nl Atrophy ... more details
. Optic neuropathy is often called opticatrophy , to describe the loss of some or most of the fibers of the optic nerve. In medicine, atrophy usually means shrunken but capable of regrowth , so some argue that opticatrophy as a pathological term is somewhat misleading, and the term optic neuropathy should be used instead. In short, opticatrophy is the end result of any disease that damages nerve ... initial disc swelling with subsequent development of opticatrophy. This can occur in patients ... opticatrophy is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a defect in the nuclear gene OPA1. A slowly progressive optic neuropathy, dominant opticatrophy, usually presents in the first decade of life ... opticatrophy, ataxia, and spasticity. See also Optic neuritis Opticatrophy Glaucoma References references ...Infobox disease Name Optic neuropathy Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 H 46 h 46 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID The optic nerve contains axons of nerve cells that emerge from the retina, leave the eye at the optic disc, and go to the visual cortex where input from the eye is processed into vision. There are 1.2 million optic nerve fibers that derive from the retinal ... 6, 353 361. ref Optic neuropathy refers to damage to the optic nerve due to any cause. Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy .... On medical examination, the optic nerve head can be visualised by an ophthalmoscope. A pale disc is characteristic of long standing optic neuropathy. In many cases, only one eye is affected and patients ... system . Causes The optic neuropathy may be caused by any of the following Ischemic optic neuropathy Optic neuritis Compressive optic neuropathy Infiltrative optic neuropathy Traumatic optic neuropathy Mitochondrial optic neuropathies Nutritional optic neuropathies Toxic optic neuropathies Hereditary optic neuropathies Each of these topics is discussed in a subsection below. Ischemic optic neuropathy ... more details
The following discusses Corticosteroid induced dermal atrophy. File atrophied skin.png thumb Lower arm of a 47 year old female showing skin damage due to topical steroid use Steroid atrophy is a potential ... atrophy exists whenever topical corticosteroids are used, even with low potency steroids . Skin atrophy , along with other undesirable side effects such as telangectasia and striae , can appear as quickly ... skin . ref name medscape cite web title Steroid Atrophy url http www.medscape.com viewarticle ... atrophy of the skin. ref cite web title Topical steroid action url http www.drmakise.com ... evidence of dermal atrophy is a reduction in the diameter of the fibrils and then the collagen ... irreversible atrophy , while atrophy induced by short term use may to some extent be reversible except for striae . ref name llogo cite web title The repairing effect of Vivida on skin atrophy induced ... skin atrophy consists of a reduction in epidermal and dermal thickness, regression of the sebaceous glands, subcutaneous fat loss, and muscle layer atrophy. These changes are typically observed following ... that lasts up to 3 days. Even low potency topical steroids can cause slight skin atrophy that often reverses upon discontinuation of the drugs. Atrophy and striae are of concern on areas of the skin ... mild atrophy and telangiectasia might be reversible upon discontinuation of corticosteroids, overtly ... induced atrophy and are resistant to treatment. ref cite journal first1 Patricia last1 Ting title ... 0846.2001.70203.x title Corticosteroid induced atrophy and barrier impairment measured by non invasive ... aged skin and those of corticosteroid induced chronic atrophy of the skin are partially very .... However, in chronologically aged skin striae are not observed, while in corticosteroid atrophy .... Steroid atrophy is often permanent though, if caught soon enough and the topical corticosteroid ... atrophy of the skin. ref name llogo ref cite journal doi 10.3109 09546639509080586 title Treatment ... more details
ganglion cell s causing opticatrophyoptic neuropathy in a pattern of peripheral vision loss, initially ...Inline citations date November 2011 about the anatomical structure the comic book series Optic Nerve comic the album about David Wojnarowicz Optic Nerve CD ROM Infobox nerve Name Optic Nerve Latin nervus ... The left optic nerve and the optic tract s. Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName Optic Nerve MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.680 Cranial nerves short The optic nerve , also known as cranial nerve 2, transmits ... cell , a diverticulum located in the diencephalon , the optic nerve does not regenerate after transection. Anatomy The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerve s but is considered ... within the meninges . The name optic nerve is, in the technical sense, a misnomer, as the optic system lies within the central nervous system and therefore should be named the optic Neural tract ... neuropathies like Guillain Barr syndrome do not affect the optic nerve. The optic nerve is ensheathed ... of regeneration, and, hence, optic nerve damage produces irreversible blindness. The fibres from the retina run along the optic nerve to nine primary visual nuclei in the brain, whence a major relay inputs into the primary visual cortex . The optic nerve is composed of retina l ganglion cell axons and support cells. It leaves the Orbit anatomy orbit eye socket via the optic canal , running postero medially towards the optic chiasm , where there is a partial decussation crossing of fibres from the Temple anatomy nasal visual fields of both eyes. Most of the axon s of the optic nerve terminate ... space. The optic nerve component lengths are 1 mm in the globe, 24 mm in the orbit, 9 mm in the optic canal, and 16 mm in the cranial space before joining the optic chiasm. There, partial decussation occurs, and about 53 of the fibers cross to form the optic tracts. Most of these fibres terminate ... of the optic radiation pass to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain. In more specific ... more details
Wiktionary Optic Nerve may refer to Optic nerve , the anatomical structure Optic Nerve comic , the comic book series Optic Nerve 1999 , a Red Hot Benefit Series tribute to David Wojnarowicz Disambiguation ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 Optic crystals are crystals that can be used to direct a beam of light . Optic crystals can work as directional guides to the light in photonic devices. Opticmechanics deals with the grinding, polishing and refining of optic crystals. DEFAULTSORT Optic Crystals Category Fiber optics optics stub ... more details
An optic is something that changes the behavior or properties of light. Optic may also refer to Alcoholic spirits measure , a device for dispensing fixed amounts of alcoholic spirits Optimized Protocol for Transport of Images to Clients used by iCentrix s MarioNet split web browser disamb ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Brain Name Optic tract Latin tractus opticus GraySubject 189 GrayPage 814 Image Gray773.png Caption The left optic nerve and the optic tracts. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Visual system Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 443 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Optic tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1684 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817061 The optic tract is a part of the visual system in the brain . It is a continuation of the optic nerve and runs from the optic chiasm where half of the information from each eye crosses sides, and half stays on the same side to the lateral geniculate nucleus . Right vs. left The relationships of the retinal fibers to the optic tracts are illustrated below, with the nasal retinal fibers in blue and the temporal retinal fibers in red. File Gray722.png thumb Click for a larger image. class wikitable optic tract temporal retinal fibers nasal retinal fiber left optic tract from the left eye from the right eye right optic tract from the right eye from the left eye In split brain patients who have undergone a corpus callosotomy usually to treat severe epilepsy the information from one optic tract does not get transmitted to both hemispheres. In carefully controlled experiments, split brain patients shown an image in his or her left left visual field that is, the left half of what both eyes see , will be unable ... in most people. See the main article, split brain . Pathology A lesion in the left optic tract ... Optic tract.JPG Optic tract. Image Hippocampus brain .jpg Diagram of hippocampus Image lateral geniculate ... Gray722.png Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerve s and optic tracts. Image Gray724.png ... view 2 description.JPG Human brainstem anterior view Image Optic tract and optic nerve.jpg Optic tract and optic nerve File Slide2dd.JPG Optic tract gallery Visual system Sensory system Cranial nerves DEFAULTSORT Optic Tract Category Visual system Neuroscience stub it Tratto ottico pl Droga ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name PAGENAME Latin pedunculus opticus GraySubject 224 GrayPage 1001 Image Gray864.png Caption Transverse section of head of chick embryo of fifty two hours incubation. Image2 Gray865.png Caption2 Optic cup and choroidal fissure seen from below, from a human embryo of about four weeks. Optic stalk labeled at center left. System CarnegieStage 14 Precursor GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E5.14.3.4.2.2.6 The optic vesicles project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk . Closure of the choroid fissure in the optic stalk occurs during the seventh week of development. The former optic stalk is then called the optic nerve. ref Kaplan Qbook USMLE Step 1 5th edition page 55 ref The Bottom Line the optic stalks are the structures that precede the optic nerves embryologically. References reflist External links EmbryologyUNC eye 012 http www.vision.ca eye o.cup.l.vesicle.html Overview at vision.ca eye stub Gray s Development of eye and ear Category Embryology of nervous system Category Eye ... more details
Infobox Bone Name Optic foramen Latin canalis opticus, foramen opticum ossis sphenoidalis GraySubject 35 GrayPage 147 Image Orbita mensch.jpg Caption 1 Ethmoidal foramina Foramen ethmoidale BR 2 Optic foramen Canalis opticus BR 3 Fissura orbitalis superior BR 4 Fossa sacci lacrimalis BR 5 Infraorbital groove Sulcus infraorbitalis BR 6 Inferior orbital fissure Fissura orbitalis inferior BR 7 Infraorbital foramen Foramen infraorbitale Image2 Gray193.png Caption2 Base of the skull. Upper surface. On the left, Optic foramen is the 12th label from the top. System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre c 04 DorlandsSuf 12208747 The optic foramen is the opening to the optic canal . The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove optic groove , above and behind which lies the optic chiasma the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres into the orbital cavity . The left and right optic canals are 25mm apart posteriorly and 30mm apart anteriorly. They are funnel shaped narrowest anteriorly . Additional images center gallery Image Orbital bones.png The seven bones which articulate to form the orbit. Image Gray145.png Sphenoid bone . Upper surface. Image Gray192.png Medial wall of left orbit. Image Gray787.png Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles, and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure. File Optic canal.jpg Optic canal gallery center See also Foramina of skull External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 29 os 05 01 UMichAtlas eye 6 look for 3 PSUAnatomy skel internal2 look for 10 Gray s Skull Foramina of skull Category Foramina of the skull musculoskeletal stub pl Kana wzrokowy sk Optick kan l anat mia ... more details
Wikify date March 2010 Infobox disease Name Papillitis Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB 9579 ICD10 H46 ICD9 ICD9 377.31 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Papillitis is the term for a specific type of optic neuritis . If ocular inflammation is restricted to the optic nerve head the condition is called papillitis or intraocular optic neuritis , and if it is located in the orbital portion of the nerve it is called retrobulbar optic neuritis or orbital optic neuritis . ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com papillitis Medical Dictionary ref Papilledema , a bulging of the optic disc, is a consequence of elevated intracranial pressure. There are some important differences between papillitis and papilledema, notably, that papillitis is more often associated with substantial losses in visual fields, pain on moving the globe, and sensitivity to light pressure on the globe. Papillitis is often an early sign of multiple sclerosis. ref Pretest Neurology Edition 6 p.259 ref References Reflist Category Neurological disorders Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa eye stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Optic disc Latin Discus nervi optici GraySubject 225 GrayPage 1015 Image Gray879.png ... the arteries . Image2 Gray880.png Caption2 The terminal portion of the optic nerve and its entrance into the human eye eyeball , in horizontal section. System MeshName Optic Disk MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.680.660 The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the human eye eye to form the optic nerve . There are no light sensitive Photoreceptor cell rods or cones ... spot vision the blind spot or the physiological blind spot . The optic disc represents the beginning of the optic nerve second cranial nerve and is the point where the axons of retinal ganglion cells come together. The optic disc is also the entry point for the major blood vessels that supply the retina ... topic 69390 blind spot ref The optic nerve head in a normal human eye carries from 1 to 1.2 million neuron s from the eye towards the brain. Anatomy The optic disc is placed 3 to 4 mm to the nasal ... There is a central depression, of variable size, called the Optic cup ophthalmology optic cup . Clinical ... gives a view of the optic disc using the principle of reversibility of light. A slit lamp ... lens 66D, 78D or 90D is required for a detailed stereoscopic view of the optic disc and structures inside the eye. A biomicroscopic exam can give an indication of the health of the optic nerve. In particular ..., swelling, hemorrhages, notching in the optic disc and any other unusual anomalies. It is useful for finding evidence corroborating the diagnosis of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, optic neuritis , anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or papilledema i.e. optic disc swelling produced by raised intracranial pressure , and optic disc drusen . Women in advanced stage of pregnancy with pre eclampsia should be screened by an ophthalmoscopic examination of the optic disc for early evidence of rise ... optic disc is orange to pink in colour. A pale disc is an optic disc which varies in colour from ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin recessus supraopticus GraySubject 189 GrayPage 816 Image Gray721.png Caption The hypophysis cerebri , in position. Shown in sagittal section. Optic recess labeled at upper right. Image2 Gray720.png Caption2 Median sagittal section of brain. The relations of the pia mater are indicated by the red color. Optic recess labeled at lower left. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 440 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 05 DorlandsSuf 12696889 At the junction of the floor and anterior wall of the third ventricle , immediately above the optic chiasma , the ventricle presents a small angular recess or diverticulum, the optic recess or supraoptic recess . Additional image gallery Image Gray736.png Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side. gallery Gray s neuroscience stub Diencephalon Category Nervous system ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Optic chiasm Latin chiasma opticum GraySubject 197 GrayPage 883 Image 1543,Visalius OpticChiasma.jpg Caption Visual pathway with optic chiasm X shape outlined, red 1543 image from Andreas Vesalius Fabrica Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName Optic chiasm MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.680.600 NeuroLex Optic chiasm NeuroLexID birnlex 1416 DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The optic chiasm or optic chiasma Greek language Greek lang grc , crossing , from the Greek lang grc to mark with an X , after the Greek letter Chi letter , chi is the part of the brain where the optic nerve s CN II partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus . ref Cite book last Colman first Andrew M. edition 2nd title Oxford Dictionary of Psychology publisher Oxford University Press page 530 year 2006 isbn 0 19 861035 1 postscript None ref Pathways The images on the nasal sides of each retina cross over to the opposite side of the brain via the optic nerve at the optic chiasm. The temporal .... Beyond the optic chiasm, with crossed and uncrossed fibers, optic nerves become optic tracts ... Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD 2009 ref Optic chiasm in cats In Siamese cat Siamese ... Median sagittal section of brain. Image Gray722.png Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerve s and optic tracts. Image Gray724.png Base of brain. Image Gray744.png Coronal section of brain ... The left optic nerve and the optic tract s. Image Gray1180.png The hypophysis cerebri in position ... monkey. Semidiagrammatic. Image ERP optic cabling.jpg 3D schematic representation of optic tracts Image ... Optic chiasm File Slide13qq.JPG Optic chiasma gallery See also Chiasmal syndrome References reflist cite journal author Jeffery G title Architecture of the optic chiasm and the mechanisms that sculpt ... opticum pl Skrzy owanie wzrokowe pt Quiasma ptico simple Optic chiasma sr sv Synnervskorsning ... more details
Infobox disease Name Optic neuritis ICD10 ICD10 H 46 h 46 , G44.848 ICD9 ICD9 377.30 ICDO Image Caption OMIM MedlinePlus 000741 eMedicineSubj radio eMedicineTopic 488 DiseasesDB 9242 MeshID D009902 Optic neuritis is the inflammation of the optic nerve that may cause a complete or partial loss of vision. Causes The optic nerve comprises axon s that emerge from the retina of the Human eye eye and carry ... cortex of the Human brain brain to be processed into vision. Inflammation of the optic nerve ... the optic nerve. Direct axonal damage may also play a role in nerve destruction in many cases. The most common etiology is multiple sclerosis . Up to 50 of patients with MS will develop an episode of optic neuritis, and 20 30 of the time optic neuritis is the presenting Multiple sclerosis signs and symptoms ... of presentation of optic neuritis is the strongest predictor for developing clinically definite MS. Almost half of the patients with optic neuritis have white matter lesions consistent with multiple sclerosis ... name pmid18541792 cite journal author last1 Optic Neuritis Study first1 Group title Multiple Sclerosis Risk after Optic Neuritis Final Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial Follow Up journal Arch. Neurol ... ref ref cite journal author Beck RW, Trobe JD title What we have learned from the Optic Neuritis ... ref ref cite journal author title The 5 year risk of MS after optic neuritis experience of the optic ... ref Some other causes of optic neuritis include infection e.g. syphilis , Lyme disease , herpes ... dizzy. Many patients with optic neuritis may lose some of their color Visual perception vision in the affected ... of cases. ref cite journal author Boomer JA, Siatkowski RM title Optic neuritis in adults and children ... multiple sclerosis after childhood optic neuritis issue 5 ref ref cite journal last Lana Peixoto first MA coauthors Andrade, GC title The clinical profile of childhood optic neuritis journal ... S0004 282X2001000300001 ref Other remarkable differences between the presentation of adult optic ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Optic radiation Latin radiatio optica GraySubject GrayPage Image ERP optic cabling.jpg Caption Colour coded diagram showing radiations in quadrants from retinal disc through the brain Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 529 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 01 DorlandsSuf 12686139 The optic radiation also known as the geniculo calcarine tract or as the geniculostriate pathway is a collection of axon s from relay neuron s in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus carrying visual information to the visual cortex also called striate cortex along the calcarine fissure . There is one such tract on each side of the Human brain brain . Parts A distinctive feature of the optic radiations is that they split into two parts on each side class wikitable Source Path Information Damage Fibers from the inferior retina also called Meyer s loop or Archambault s loop must pass through the temporal lobe by looping around the Lateral ventricles inferior horn of the lateral ventricle . Carry information from the superior part of the visual field A lesion in the temporal lobe that results in damage to Meyer s loop causes a characteristic loss of Visual perception vision in a superior quadrant quadrantanopia or pie in the sky defect. Fibers from the superior retina also called Baum s loop travel straight back through the parietal lobe to the occipital lobe in the internal capsule retrolenticular limb of the internal capsule to the visual cortex. Carry information from the inferior part of the visual field Taking the shorter ... optic cabling.jpg 3D schematic representation of optic tracts gallery External links eMedicineDictionary Optic radiation cite journal author Kier LE, Staib LH, Davis, LM, Bronen, RA title MR Imaging ... Fasciculus, and Meyer s Loop of the Optic Radiation journal Am J Neuroradiology volume 25 pages ... Basal ganglia DEFAULTSORT Optic Radiation Category Visual system Category Central nervous system ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name PAGENAME Latin vesicula optica vesicula ophthalmica GraySubject 224 GrayPage 1001 Image Gray863.png Caption Transverse section of head of chick embryo of forty eight hours incubation. Optic vesicle labeled at lower right. Image2 Gray977.png Caption2 Human embryo about fifteen days old. Brain and heart represented from right side. Digestive tube and yolk sac in median section. Optic vesicle labeled at center top. System CarnegieStage 11 Precursor GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E5.14.3.4.2.2.4 The Human eyes eyes begin to develop as a pair of diverticula from the lateral aspects of the forebrain . These diverticula make their appearance before the closure of the anterior end of the neural tube after the closure of the tube they are known as the optic vesicles . They project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk . Additional images gallery Image Gray460.png Head of chick embryo of about thirty eight hours incubation, viewed from the ventral surface. X 26 gallery External links EmbryologyUNC eye 012 http www.vision.ca eye o.cup.l.vesicle.html Overview at vision.ca http isc.temple.edu neuroanatomy lab embryo eye2.htm Overview at temple.edu eye stub Gray s Development of eye and ear Category Embryology of nervous system Category Eye de Augenbl schen ja ... more details
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