Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Brain Name Optictract Latin tractus opticus GraySubject 189 GrayPage 814 Image Gray773.png Caption The left optic nerve and the optic tracts. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Visual system Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 443 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Optictract NeuroLexID birnlex 1684 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817061 The optictract is a part of the visual system in the brain . It is a continuation of the optic nerve and runs from the optic chiasm where half of the information from each eye crosses sides, and half stays on the same side to the lateral geniculate nucleus . Right vs. left The relationships of the retinal fibers to the optic tracts are illustrated below, with the nasal retinal fibers in blue and the temporal retinal fibers in red. File Gray722.png thumb Click for a larger image. class wikitable optictract temporal retinal fibers nasal retinal fiber left optictract from the left eye from the right eye right optictract from the right eye from the left eye In split brain patients who have undergone a corpus callosotomy usually to treat severe epilepsy the information from one optictract does not get transmitted to both hemispheres. In carefully controlled experiments, split brain patients shown an image in his or her left left visual field that is, the left half of what both eyes see , will be unable ... in most people. See the main article, split brain . Pathology A lesion in the left optictract ... Optic tract.JPG Optictract. Image Hippocampus brain .jpg Diagram of hippocampus Image lateral geniculate ... view 2 description.JPG Human brainstem anterior view Image Optictract and optic nerve.jpg Optictract and optic nerve File Slide2dd.JPG Optictract gallery Visual system Sensory system Cranial nerves DEFAULTSORT OpticTract Category Visual system Neuroscience stub it Tratto ottico pl Droga ... Gray722.png Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerve s and optic tracts. Image Gray724.png ... more details
wiktionary Tract may refer to Land lot , a morphological section of landscape, a conjugate system of facies disambiguation facies and their groups united by general direction of physic geographical processes confined to uniform relief of one Stratum substrate . More than often tract is associated with a geographical toponym . Examples are Barsa Kelmes , Sandarmokh , and others. Census tract , a geographic region defined for the purpose of taking a census Tract literature , a short written work, usually of a political or religious nature Tract liturgy , a component of Roman Catholic liturgy Neural tract , a bundle of fibers that connects different parts of the central nervous system analogous to a nerve in the peripheral nervous system A collection of related anatomic structures, such as Gastrointestinal tract Genitourinary tract Reproductive tract A grouping of feathers , e.g. primaries, auriculars, scapulars Businesses Tract imprint Tract , an imprint of the German group VDM Publishing devoted to the reproduction of Wikipedia content See also Tractate disambiguation disambig fr Tractus nl Tractus ru sk Tractus fi Traktaatti sv Trakt uk ... more details
The left optic nerve and the optictract s. Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName Optic Nerve MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.680 Cranial nerves short The optic nerve , also known as cranial nerve 2, transmits ...Inline citations date November 2011 about the anatomical structure the comic book series Optic Nerve comic the album about David Wojnarowicz Optic Nerve CD ROM Infobox nerve Name Optic Nerve Latin nervus ... cell , a diverticulum located in the diencephalon , the optic nerve does not regenerate after transection. Anatomy The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerve s but is considered ... within the meninges . The name optic nerve is, in the technical sense, a misnomer, as the optic system lies within the central nervous system and therefore should be named the optic Neural tracttract , as nerves exist only, by definition, within the peripheral nervous system . Therefore, peripheral neuropathies like Guillain Barr syndrome do not affect the optic nerve. The optic nerve is ensheathed ... of regeneration, and, hence, optic nerve damage produces irreversible blindness. The fibres from the retina run along the optic nerve to nine primary visual nuclei in the brain, whence a major relay inputs into the primary visual cortex . The optic nerve is composed of retina l ganglion cell axons and support cells. It leaves the Orbit anatomy orbit eye socket via the optic canal , running postero medially towards the optic chiasm , where there is a partial decussation crossing of fibres from the Temple anatomy nasal visual fields of both eyes. Most of the axon s of the optic nerve terminate ... space. The optic nerve component lengths are 1 mm in the globe, 24 mm in the orbit, 9 mm in the optic canal, and 16 mm in the cranial space before joining the optic chiasm. There, partial decussation occurs, and about 53 of the fibers cross to form the optic tracts. Most of these fibres terminate ... of the optic radiation pass to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain. In more specific ... more details
The left optic nerve and the optictract s. Image Gray1180.png The hypophysis cerebri in position ...Infobox Brain Name Optic chiasm Latin chiasma opticum GraySubject 197 GrayPage 883 Image 1543,Visalius OpticChiasma.jpg Caption Visual pathway with optic chiasm X shape outlined, red 1543 image from Andreas Vesalius Fabrica Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName Optic chiasm MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.680.600 NeuroLex Optic chiasm NeuroLexID birnlex 1416 DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The optic chiasm or optic chiasma Greek language Greek lang grc , crossing , from the Greek lang grc to mark with an X , after the Greek letter Chi letter , chi is the part of the brain where the optic nerve s CN II partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus . ref Cite book last Colman first Andrew M. edition 2nd title Oxford Dictionary of Psychology publisher Oxford University Press page 530 year 2006 isbn 0 19 861035 1 postscript None ref Pathways The images on the nasal sides of each retina cross over to the opposite side of the brain via the optic nerve at the optic chiasm. The temporal .... Beyond the optic chiasm, with crossed and uncrossed fibers, optic nerves become optic tracts ... Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD 2009 ref Optic chiasm in cats In Siamese cat Siamese ... Median sagittal section of brain. Image Gray722.png Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerve s and optic tracts. Image Gray724.png Base of brain. Image Gray744.png Coronal section of brain ... monkey. Semidiagrammatic. Image ERP optic cabling.jpg 3D schematic representation of optic tracts Image ... Optic chiasm File Slide13qq.JPG Optic chiasma gallery See also Chiasmal syndrome References reflist cite journal author Jeffery G title Architecture of the optic chiasm and the mechanisms that sculpt ... opticum pl Skrzy owanie wzrokowe pt Quiasma ptico simple Optic chiasma sr sv Synnervskorsning ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Optic radiation Latin radiatio optica GraySubject GrayPage Image ERP optic cabling.jpg Caption Colour coded diagram showing radiations in quadrants from retinal disc through the brain Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 529 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 01 DorlandsSuf 12686139 The optic radiation also known as the geniculo calcarine tract or as the geniculostriate pathway is a collection of axon s from relay neuron s in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus carrying visual information to the visual cortex also called striate cortex along the calcarine fissure . There is one such tract on each side of the Human brain brain . Parts A distinctive feature of the optic radiations is that they split into two parts on each side class wikitable Source Path Information Damage Fibers from the inferior retina also called Meyer s loop or Archambault s loop must pass through the temporal lobe by looping around the Lateral ventricles inferior horn of the lateral ventricle . Carry information from the superior part of the visual field A lesion in the temporal lobe that results in damage to Meyer s loop causes a characteristic loss of Visual perception vision in a superior quadrant quadrantanopia or pie in the sky defect. Fibers from the superior retina also called Baum s loop travel straight back through the parietal lobe to the occipital lobe in the internal capsule retrolenticular limb of the internal capsule to the visual cortex. Carry information from the inferior part of the visual field Taking the shorter ... optic cabling.jpg 3D schematic representation of optic tracts gallery External links eMedicineDictionary Optic radiation cite journal author Kier LE, Staib LH, Davis, LM, Bronen, RA title MR Imaging ... Fasciculus, and Meyer s Loop of the Optic Radiation journal Am J Neuroradiology volume 25 pages ... Basal ganglia DEFAULTSORT Optic Radiation Category Visual system Category Central nervous system ... more details
Wiktionary Optic Nerve may refer to Optic nerve , the anatomical structure Optic Nerve comic , the comic book series Optic Nerve 1999 , a Red Hot Benefit Series tribute to David Wojnarowicz Disambiguation ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 Optic crystals are crystals that can be used to direct a beam of light . Optic crystals can work as directional guides to the light in photonic devices. Opticmechanics deals with the grinding, polishing and refining of optic crystals. DEFAULTSORT Optic Crystals Category Fiber optics optics stub ... more details
An optic is something that changes the behavior or properties of light. Optic may also refer to Alcoholic spirits measure , a device for dispensing fixed amounts of alcoholic spirits Optimized Protocol for Transport of Images to Clients used by iCentrix s MarioNet split web browser disamb ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name PAGENAME Latin pedunculus opticus GraySubject 224 GrayPage 1001 Image Gray864.png Caption Transverse section of head of chick embryo of fifty two hours incubation. Image2 Gray865.png Caption2 Optic cup and choroidal fissure seen from below, from a human embryo of about four weeks. Optic stalk labeled at center left. System CarnegieStage 14 Precursor GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E5.14.3.4.2.2.6 The optic vesicles project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk . Closure of the choroid fissure in the optic stalk occurs during the seventh week of development. The former optic stalk is then called the optic nerve. ref Kaplan Qbook USMLE Step 1 5th edition page 55 ref The Bottom Line the optic stalks are the structures that precede the optic nerves embryologically. References reflist External links EmbryologyUNC eye 012 http www.vision.ca eye o.cup.l.vesicle.html Overview at vision.ca eye stub Gray s Development of eye and ear Category Embryology of nervous system Category Eye ... more details
Infobox disease Name Optic neuropathy Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 H 46 h 46 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID The optic nerve contains axons of nerve cells that emerge from the retina, leave the eye at the optic disc, and go to the visual cortex where input from the eye is processed into vision. There are 1.2 million optic nerve fibers that derive from the retinal ... 6, 353 361. ref Optic neuropathy refers to damage to the optic nerve due to any cause. Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy .... On medical examination, the optic nerve head can be visualised by an ophthalmoscope. A pale disc is characteristic of long standing optic neuropathy. In many cases, only one eye is affected and patients .... Optic neuropathy is often called optic atrophy , to describe the loss of some or most of the fibers of the optic nerve. In medicine, atrophy usually means shrunken but capable of regrowth , so some argue that optic atrophy as a pathological term is somewhat misleading, and the term optic neuropathy should be used instead. In short, optic atrophy is the end result of any disease that damages nerve ... system . Causes The optic neuropathy may be caused by any of the following Ischemic optic neuropathy Optic neuritis Compressive optic neuropathy Infiltrative optic neuropathy Traumatic optic neuropathy Mitochondrial optic neuropathies Nutritional optic neuropathies Toxic optic neuropathies Hereditary optic neuropathies Each of these topics is discussed in a subsection below. Ischemic optic neuropathy In ischemic optic neuropathies, there is insufficient blood flow ischemia to the optic nerve. The anterior optic nerve is supplied by the short posterior ciliary artery and choroidal circulation, while the retrobulbar optic nerve is supplied intraorbitally by a pial plexus, which arises from the ophthalmic .... Ischemic optic neuropathies are classified based on the location of the damage and the cause ... more details
Infobox Bone Name Optic foramen Latin canalis opticus, foramen opticum ossis sphenoidalis GraySubject 35 GrayPage 147 Image Orbita mensch.jpg Caption 1 Ethmoidal foramina Foramen ethmoidale BR 2 Optic foramen Canalis opticus BR 3 Fissura orbitalis superior BR 4 Fossa sacci lacrimalis BR 5 Infraorbital groove Sulcus infraorbitalis BR 6 Inferior orbital fissure Fissura orbitalis inferior BR 7 Infraorbital foramen Foramen infraorbitale Image2 Gray193.png Caption2 Base of the skull. Upper surface. On the left, Optic foramen is the 12th label from the top. System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre c 04 DorlandsSuf 12208747 The optic foramen is the opening to the optic canal . The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove optic groove , above and behind which lies the optic chiasma the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres into the orbital cavity . The left and right optic canals are 25mm apart posteriorly and 30mm apart anteriorly. They are funnel shaped narrowest anteriorly . Additional images center gallery Image Orbital bones.png The seven bones which articulate to form the orbit. Image Gray145.png Sphenoid bone . Upper surface. Image Gray192.png Medial wall of left orbit. Image Gray787.png Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles, and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure. File Optic canal.jpg Optic canal gallery center See also Foramina of skull External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 29 os 05 01 UMichAtlas eye 6 look for 3 PSUAnatomy skel internal2 look for 10 Gray s Skull Foramina of skull Category Foramina of the skull musculoskeletal stub pl Kana wzrokowy sk Optick kan l anat mia ... more details
Wikify date March 2010 Infobox disease Name Papillitis Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB 9579 ICD10 H46 ICD9 ICD9 377.31 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Papillitis is the term for a specific type of optic neuritis . If ocular inflammation is restricted to the optic nerve head the condition is called papillitis or intraocular optic neuritis , and if it is located in the orbital portion of the nerve it is called retrobulbar optic neuritis or orbital optic neuritis . ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com papillitis Medical Dictionary ref Papilledema , a bulging of the optic disc, is a consequence of elevated intracranial pressure. There are some important differences between papillitis and papilledema, notably, that papillitis is more often associated with substantial losses in visual fields, pain on moving the globe, and sensitivity to light pressure on the globe. Papillitis is often an early sign of multiple sclerosis. ref Pretest Neurology Edition 6 p.259 ref References Reflist Category Neurological disorders Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa eye stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Optic disc Latin Discus nervi optici GraySubject 225 GrayPage 1015 Image Gray879.png ... the arteries . Image2 Gray880.png Caption2 The terminal portion of the optic nerve and its entrance into the human eye eyeball , in horizontal section. System MeshName Optic Disk MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.680.660 The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the human eye eye to form the optic nerve . There are no light sensitive Photoreceptor cell rods or cones ... spot vision the blind spot or the physiological blind spot . The optic disc represents the beginning of the optic nerve second cranial nerve and is the point where the axons of retinal ganglion cells come together. The optic disc is also the entry point for the major blood vessels that supply the retina ... topic 69390 blind spot ref The optic nerve head in a normal human eye carries from 1 to 1.2 million neuron s from the eye towards the brain. Anatomy The optic disc is placed 3 to 4 mm to the nasal ... There is a central depression, of variable size, called the Optic cup ophthalmology optic cup . Clinical ... gives a view of the optic disc using the principle of reversibility of light. A slit lamp ... lens 66D, 78D or 90D is required for a detailed stereoscopic view of the optic disc and structures inside the eye. A biomicroscopic exam can give an indication of the health of the optic nerve. In particular ..., swelling, hemorrhages, notching in the optic disc and any other unusual anomalies. It is useful for finding evidence corroborating the diagnosis of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, optic neuritis , anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or papilledema i.e. optic disc swelling produced by raised intracranial pressure , and optic disc drusen . Women in advanced stage of pregnancy with pre eclampsia should be screened by an ophthalmoscopic examination of the optic disc for early evidence of rise ... optic disc is orange to pink in colour. A pale disc is an optic disc which varies in colour from ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin recessus supraopticus GraySubject 189 GrayPage 816 Image Gray721.png Caption The hypophysis cerebri , in position. Shown in sagittal section. Optic recess labeled at upper right. Image2 Gray720.png Caption2 Median sagittal section of brain. The relations of the pia mater are indicated by the red color. Optic recess labeled at lower left. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 440 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 05 DorlandsSuf 12696889 At the junction of the floor and anterior wall of the third ventricle , immediately above the optic chiasma , the ventricle presents a small angular recess or diverticulum, the optic recess or supraoptic recess . Additional image gallery Image Gray736.png Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side. gallery Gray s neuroscience stub Diencephalon Category Nervous system ... more details
Infobox disease Name Optic neuritis ICD10 ICD10 H 46 h 46 , G44.848 ICD9 ICD9 377.30 ICDO Image Caption OMIM MedlinePlus 000741 eMedicineSubj radio eMedicineTopic 488 DiseasesDB 9242 MeshID D009902 Optic neuritis is the inflammation of the optic nerve that may cause a complete or partial loss of vision. Causes The optic nerve comprises axon s that emerge from the retina of the Human eye eye and carry ... cortex of the Human brain brain to be processed into vision. Inflammation of the optic nerve ... the optic nerve. Direct axonal damage may also play a role in nerve destruction in many cases. The most common etiology is multiple sclerosis . Up to 50 of patients with MS will develop an episode of optic neuritis, and 20 30 of the time optic neuritis is the presenting Multiple sclerosis signs and symptoms ... of presentation of optic neuritis is the strongest predictor for developing clinically definite MS. Almost half of the patients with optic neuritis have white matter lesions consistent with multiple sclerosis ... name pmid18541792 cite journal author last1 Optic Neuritis Study first1 Group title Multiple Sclerosis Risk after Optic Neuritis Final Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial Follow Up journal Arch. Neurol ... ref ref cite journal author Beck RW, Trobe JD title What we have learned from the Optic Neuritis ... ref ref cite journal author title The 5 year risk of MS after optic neuritis experience of the optic ... ref Some other causes of optic neuritis include infection e.g. syphilis , Lyme disease , herpes ... dizzy. Many patients with optic neuritis may lose some of their color Visual perception vision in the affected ... of cases. ref cite journal author Boomer JA, Siatkowski RM title Optic neuritis in adults and children ... multiple sclerosis after childhood optic neuritis issue 5 ref ref cite journal last Lana Peixoto first MA coauthors Andrade, GC title The clinical profile of childhood optic neuritis journal ... S0004 282X2001000300001 ref Other remarkable differences between the presentation of adult optic ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name PAGENAME Latin vesicula optica vesicula ophthalmica GraySubject 224 GrayPage 1001 Image Gray863.png Caption Transverse section of head of chick embryo of forty eight hours incubation. Optic vesicle labeled at lower right. Image2 Gray977.png Caption2 Human embryo about fifteen days old. Brain and heart represented from right side. Digestive tube and yolk sac in median section. Optic vesicle labeled at center top. System CarnegieStage 11 Precursor GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E5.14.3.4.2.2.4 The Human eyes eyes begin to develop as a pair of diverticula from the lateral aspects of the forebrain . These diverticula make their appearance before the closure of the anterior end of the neural tube after the closure of the tube they are known as the optic vesicles . They project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk . Additional images gallery Image Gray460.png Head of chick embryo of about thirty eight hours incubation, viewed from the ventral surface. X 26 gallery External links EmbryologyUNC eye 012 http www.vision.ca eye o.cup.l.vesicle.html Overview at vision.ca http isc.temple.edu neuroanatomy lab embryo eye2.htm Overview at temple.edu eye stub Gray s Development of eye and ear Category Embryology of nervous system Category Eye de Augenbl schen ja ... more details
The retinohypothalamic tract is a photic input pathway involved in the circadian rhythms of mammal s. ref name pmid11713469 cite journal author Gooley JJ, Lu J, Chou TC, Scammell TE, Saper CB title Melanopsin in cells of origin of the retinohypothalamic tract journal Nat. Neurosci. volume 4 issue 12 pages 1165 year 2001 pmid 11713469 doi 10.1038 nn768 ref The origin of the retinohypothalamic tract is the photosensitive ganglion cell intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells ipRGC , which contain the photopigment melanopsin . The axons of the ipRGCs belonging to the retinohypothalamic tract project directly, monosynaptically, to the suprachiasmatic nuclei via the optic nerve and the optic chiasm . ref from the retina to the optic chiasm, the ipRGC axons follow the same path as the axons of regular retinal ganglion cell RGCs i.e. RGCs that are not intrinsically photosensitive ref ref cite book last Afifi first A.K. last2 Bergman first2 R.A. title Functional Neuroanatomy url http www.mhprofessional.com product.php?cat 116&isbn 0071408126&cat 116 format paperback edition 2nd date 2005 01 28 publisher McGraw Hill isbn 9780071408127 page 271 doi 10.1036 0071408126 ref The suprachiasmatic nuclei receive and interpret information on environmental light, dark and day length, important in the entrainment chronobiology entrainment of the body clock . They can coordinate peripheral clocks and direct the pineal gland to secrete the hormone melatonin . References reflist Category Eye Category Sleep physiology Category Circadian rhythms biology stub nl Tractus retinohypothalamicus ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Vestibulocerebellar tract Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 611 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Vestibulocerebellar tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1009 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12816750 The vestibulocerebellar tract is a tract in the pontine tegmentum which connects the vestibular nerve and the cerebellar cortex . External links Pons Cerebellum Neural tracts Neuroanatomy stub Category Brainstem Category Central nervous system pathways ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Rubrospinal tract Latin tractus rubrospinalis GraySubject 192 GrayPage 870 Image Spinal cord tracts English.svg Caption Rubrospinal tract is labeled in red on the left of the diagram. Image2 Gray678.png Caption2 Schematic representation of the chief ganglionic categories Rubrospinal tract not labeled, but red nucleus visible near center System MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Rubrospinal tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1476 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817153 refimprove date October 2011 The rubrospinal tract is a part of the nervous system . It is a part of the Anatomical terms of location Directional terms lateral indirect extra pyramidal tract . Function In humans, the rubrospinal tract is one of several major motor control pathways. It is smaller and has fewer axons than the corticospinal tract , suggesting that it is less important in motor control. It is one of the pathways for the mediation of voluntary movement. The tract is responsible for large muscle movement as well as fine motor control, and it terminates primarily in the cervical spinal cord, suggesting that it functions in upper limb but not in lower limb control. It primarily facilitates Flexion in the upper extremities see decorticate posture . It is small and rudimentary in humans . In some other primates, however, experiments have shown that over time, the rubrospinal tract can assume almost all the duties of the corticospinal tract when the corticospinal tract is lesioned. Path In the midbrain , it originates in the magnocellular red nucleus , crosses to the other side of the midbrain, and descends in the lateral part of the brainstem tegmentum . ref http neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu s3 chapter02.html ref In the spinal cord , it travels through the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord in the company of the lateral corticospinal tract . See also Upper motor neuron References Reflist External links BrainInfo hier 803 Spinal cord Neural tracts DEFAULTSORT Rubrospinal Tract Category Central nervous ... more details
multiple issues orphan June 2010 context June 2010 unreferenced June 2010 The interstitiospinal tract is one of ten descending neuronal tract s in humans that provides motor control to specific upper cervical somatic segment s. The origin of the this uncrossed tract is in the interstitial nucleus of Cajal related to the oculomotor nucleus which is subsequently found in the Edinger Westphal nucleus of the midbrain . This tract also contributes to the make up of the medial longitudinal fasciculus MLF . Within the terminal segments of the upper cervical segments the interstitiospinal tract synapses in rexed laminae VII and VIII. It is believed to function in head and neck reflex movements in response to primarily visual and possibly vestibular stimuli. Category Nerves of the head and neck ... more details
Madhupur tract a large upland area of 4,244 km in north central of Bangladesh , stretching from east of Jamalpur, Bangladesh Jamalpur in the north, to Fatullah and Narayanganj , in the south. The tract is mostly one large tract, unlike the Barind Tract . It is approximately one to ten metres above the nearby floodplain s. ref cite web year month url http banglapedia.search.com.bd HT M 0028.htm title Madhupur Tract publisher Asiatic Society of Bangladesh accessdate 2007 08 18 ref The tract is considered an area of jungle covered old alluvium . ref cite web year month url http www.britannica.com eb topic 355785 Madhupur Tract title Madhupur Tract region, Bangladesh publisher Encyclop dia Britannica accessdate 2007 08 18 ref It is an elevated plateau , with hillocks of varying height, ranging from 30 to 60 feet. There are also cultivated valleys. ref cite web year month url http www.britannica.com eb article 9109737 Bangladesh 33422.toc title Bangladesh publisher Encyclop dia Britannica accessdate 2007 08 18 ref See also Bhawal National Park Geology of Bangladesh Geography of Bangladesh Footnotes reflist This is the same as reflist External links http banglapedia.search.com.bd Maps MM 0028.GIF Map coord missing Bangladesh Category Geography of Bangladesh Bangladesh geo stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Reticulospinal tract Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Spinal cord tracts English.svg Caption Reticulospinal tract is labeled in red, near center in figure text tag at left . Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 802 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Reticulospinal tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1471 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817131 The reticulospinal tract or anterior reticulospinal tract is an extrapyramidal motor tract which travels from the reticular formation . Functions 1. Integrates information from the motor systems to coordinate automatic movements of locomotion and posture. 2. Facilitates and inhibits voluntary movement, influences muscle tone. 3. Mediates autonomic functions 4. Modulates pain impulses 5. Influences blood flow to lateral geniculate Components The tract is divided into two parts, the medial or pontine and lateral or medullary reticulospinal tracts MRST and LRST . The MRST is responsible for exciting anti gravity, extensor muscles. The fibers of this tract arise from the caudal pontine reticular nucleus and the oral pontine reticular nucleus and project to the lamina VII and lamina VIII of the spinal cord BrainInfo The LRST is responsible for the inhibiting excitatory axial extensor muscles of movement. The fibers of this tract arise from the medullary reticular formation, mostly from the gigantocellular nucleus, and descend the length of the spinal cord in the anterior part of the lateral column. The tract terminates in the gray spinal laminae BrainInfo . The sensory tract conveying information in the opposite direction is known as the spinoreticular tract . Clinical significance If the superior ... tract http braininfo.rprc.washington.edu Scripts hiercentraldirectory.aspx?ID 802 , pontine reticulospinal tract http braininfo.rprc.washington.edu Scripts ancilcentraldirectory.aspx?ID 975 , and medullary reticulospinal tract http braininfo.rprc.washington.edu Scripts ancilcentraldirectory.aspx ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin tractus tectospinalis GraySubject 185 GrayPage 760 Image Gray670.png Caption Diagram showing possible connection of long descending fibers from higher centers with the motor cells of the ventral column through association fibers. Tectospinal fasciculus labeled at center right. Image2 Gray672.png Caption2 Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord . Tectospinal fasciculus labeled at center right, in red. System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Tectospinal tract NeuroLexID birnlex 759 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817309 In humans, the tectospinal tract also known as colliculospinal tract is a nerve pathway which coordinates head and eye movements. It is part of the indirect extrapyramidal tract . Specifically, the tectospinal tract connects the midbrain tectum and the spinal cord . It is responsible for motor impulses that arise from one side of the midbrain to muscles on the opposite side of the body . The function of the tectospinal tract is to mediate reflex postural movements of the head in response to visual and auditory stimuli. The portion of the midbrain from where this tract originates is the superior colliculus , which receives afferents from the visual nuclei primarily the oculomotor nuclei complex , then projects to the contralateral decussating ventral to the mesencephalic duct and ipsilateral portion of the first cervical neuromeres of the spinal cord , the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei in the midbrain and the abducens nucleus in the caudal portion of the pons. The tract descends to the cervical spinal cord to terminate in Rexed laminae VI, VII, and VIII to coordinate head , neck , and human eye eye movements, primarily in response to visual stimuli. See also Upper motor neuron Spinotectal tract External links http faculty.etsu.edu currie images neuro2.jpg Diagram at etsu.edu http sky.bsd.uchicago.edu lcy ref synap spmotor.html Overview and diagram at uchicago.edu BrainInfo hier 783 neuroscience st ... more details
Limbic for affective impact of pain . Path of sensation The Spinothalamic Tract, like the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Tract , use three neurons to convey sensory information from the periphery ... where they ascend or descend one or two vertebral levels via Lissauer s tract and then synapse with secondary ... are called tract cells . The axons of the tract cells cross over decussate to the other side of the spinal ... hence the spinothalamic tract being part of the anterolateral system . The axons travel up the length ... up the brainstem, the tract moves dorsally. The neurons ultimately synapse with third order neurons ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
