File Variable Optical Attenuator.jpg thumb Variable OpticalAttenuator An opticalattenuator is a device used to reduce the Power physics power level of an optical Signalling telecommunication signal , either in free space or in an optical fiber . The basic types of optical attenuators are fixed, step wise variable, and continuously variable. Fiber optic attenuator applications Attenuators are commonly used in fiber optic telecommunication communications , either to test power level margins by temporarily adding a calibrated amount of signal loss, or installed permanently to properly match transmitter and receiver levels. Sharp bends stress optic fibers and can cause losses. If a received signal is too strong a temporary fix is to wrap the cable around a pencil until the desired level of attenuation is achieved. ref http www.thefoa.org tech ref appln attenuators.html Using Attenuators With Fiber Optic Data Links ref However, such arrangements are unreliable, since the stressed fiber tends to break over time. Fixed fiber optic attenuators Fixed optical attenuators used in fiber optic systems ... Attenuator, Optical Category Fiber optics Category Optical devices Category Telecommunications equipment ... are incorporated into patch cables. The alternative build out style attenuator is a small male ... etc. Built in variable fiber optic attenuators Built in variable optical attenuators may be either ... equivalent to a fixed attenuator, and may be referred to as an adjustable attenuator . In contrast, an electrically controlled attenuator can provide adaptive power optimization. Attributes ... advantage, since commonly used test sequences can be run automatically. Attenuator instrument ... in an attempt to reduce cost. The most accurate variable attenuator instruments have thousands ... also Attenuation electromagnetic radiation Optical fiber cable Optical fiber connector Gap loss Attenuation sources and causes Optical power meter References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create ... more details
see also Attenuation Attenuation disambiguation An attenuator could mean Attenuator electronics , an electronic device that reduces the amplitude of a an electronic signal Opticalattenuator , an electronic device that reduces the amplitude of a an optical signal Attenuator genetics , a specific regulatory sequence transcribed into RNA Impact attenuator , used on highways as a crumple zone in case of a car crash disambiguation es Atenuador ... more details
Other uses Attenuator disambiguation Image RF Attenuator 30dB 5W.jpg thumb A 30dB 5W RF attenuator, DC 18GHz, with N type coaxial connectors Image RF attenuator 20db coaxdyna.jpg thumb Coaxial Dynamics 100 Watt power attenuator An attenuator is an electronic device that reduces the amplitude or Electric ... waveform . An attenuator is effectively the opposite of an amplifier , though the two work by different methods. While an amplifier provides gain , an attenuator provides loss, or gain less than 1. Attenuators ..., and to improve impedance matching . In measuring signals, attenuator pads or adaptors are used to lower ... apparent SWR. Attenuator circuits Image Pi type unbalanced attenuator circuit.jpg thumb left type unbalanced attenuator circuit Image Pi type balanced attenuator circuit.jpg thumb left type balanced attenuator circuit Image T type unbalanced attenuator circuit.jpg thumb left T type unbalanced attenuator circuit Image T type balanced attenuator circuit.jpg thumb left T type balanced attenuator ... form. Four fundamental attenuator circuit diagrams are given in the figures on the left. Since an attenuator circuit consists solely of passive resistor elements, it is linear and reciprocity ... are referred to as input and output, respectively. Attenuator characteristics image General Microwave Modulator.png thumb right A RF Microwave Attenuator. Picture courtesy of http www.herley.com ... 3Aepsg 3Adow&lc eng&cc US&nfr 11143.0.00 Attenuator Overview a brief review of key specifications ... of the attenuator depends on its ability to dissipate power. RF attenuators are used as loads for and as known ... ref Audio attenuators A line level attenuator in the preamp or a power attenuator after the power ..., reducing the volume of the output. A line level attenuator has lower power handling, such as a 1 2 watt potentiometer or voltage divider and controls preamp level signals, whereas a power attenuator ... and the speaker. Power attenuator guitar Guitar amplifier Component values for resistive pads and attenuators ... more details
An impact attenuator , also known as a crash cushion or crash attenuator or cowboy cushions , is a device intended to reduce the damage done to structures, vehicles, and motorists resulting from a motor vehicle collision. Impact attenuators are designed to absorb the errant vehicle s kinetic energy and or redirect the vehicle away from the hazard, ref http www.extranet.vdot.state.va.us locdes GRIT Appendices 5CAppendix6.pdf 03 21 00 .PDF Bot generated title ref and from roadway machinery or workers. In a collision, slowing down the deceleration of the human body by even a few tenths of a second drastically reduces the force involved. Force is a simple equation Force mass acceleration. Cutting the deceleration in half also cuts the force in half. Therefore, changing the deceleration time from .2 seconds to .8 seconds will result in a 75 percent reduction in total force. ref http auto.howstuffworks.com car driving safety safety regulatory devices crumple zone1.htm ref Types Overview Image Impact Attenuator In Auckland.jpg thumb right An impact attenuator mounted to a truck in Auckland . Impact attenuators are usually placed in front of fixed structures near freeway s, such as Gore road gore point s, Jersey barrier introductions, or overpass supports. Temporary versions can be used for road construction projects. Impact attenuators can be categorized by the method used to dissipate ... plows and road construction or maintenance vehicles. When deploying a truck mounted attenuator, the work zone supervisor must recall that the attenuator may not completely absorb the energy of the collision ... buffer distance between the attenuator truck and the work area, and a minimum mass for the truck ... . Classification is based on the maximum speed of a vehicle during a collision for which the attenuator ... in Canada. A Fitch Barrier is a type of impact attenuator which is essentially a plastic ... Traffic barrier Crumple zone References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Impact Attenuator Category Road safety ... more details
Other uses Attenuator disambiguation Cleanup date February 2008 Attenuation is a regulatory feature found throughout Prokaryote Archaea and Bacteria causing premature termination of Transcription genetics transcription . ref name Merino2005 Merino E, Yanofsky C 2005 . Transcription attenuation a highly conserved regulatory strategy used by bacteria. Trends Genet 21 260 4. ref Attenuators are 5 cis acting regulatory regions which fold into one of two alternative RNA structures which determine the success of transcription. ref name Naville2010 Naville M, Gautheret, D 2009 . Transcription attenuation in bacteria theme and variations . Briefings in Functional Genomics 9 2 178 189. ref The folding is modulated by a sensing mechanism producing either a Intrinsic termination Rho independent terminator , resulting in interrupted transcription and a non functional RNA product or an anti terminator structure, resulting in a functional RNA transcript. There are now many equivalent examples where the translation, not transcription, is terminated by sequestering the Shine Dalgarno sequence ribosomal ... structure is favoured. The canonical attenuator example of Attenuator genetics Mechanism in the trp .... This differs from eukaryotic cells, where RNA must exit the nucleus before translation starts. The attenuator ... 4. The attenuator sequence at domain 1 contains instruction for peptide synthesis that requires tryptophans. A high level of tryptophan will permit ribosomes to translate the attenuator sequence domains ... and translated, so that tryptophan can be produced. Thus, domain 4 is an attenuator. Without domain ... instruct mcclean plsc431 prokaryo prokaryo3.htm ref The attenuator sequence has its codons translated into a leader peptide, but is not part of the trp operon gene sequence. The attenuator allows more time for the attenuator sequence domains to form loop structures, but does not produce a protein that is used ... 2011 DEFAULTSORT Attenuator Genetics Category Gene expression de Attenuation Genexpression et ... more details
In conjunction with an electric guitar amplifier, a Attenuator electronics power attenuator is used to divert and dissipate some or all of the amplifier s excess or unneeded power in order to reduce the volume of sound produced by the speaker. Explanation With tube guitar amplifiers , it is often desirable to produce distortion by overdriving the output stage. Under such a condition, the amplifier will produce at or near its maximum output power. The resulting volume level, however, may be considered ... attenuator which is placed in circuit between the output transformer and the guitar speaker , while the remaining portion of the output power is directed to the speaker. An example of a common type of attenuator ... stays constant. However the term Attenuator electronics power attenuator may be a misnomer for this type ..., an attenuator should not introduce distortion. ref Cite book last Eastman first Austin title .... Description A power attenuator can be either purely resistive, or mostly resistive and partly Reactance electronics reactive . The original guitar amp power attenuator, the Altair Attenuator, was primarily .... Another early model, simply called Power Attenuator by Active Guitar Electronics, used continuously ... s tone. A guitar amp power attenuator may also offer a line level output jack for sending the distortion ... being driven continuously at full power, the use of an attenuator will neither increase nor reduce the potential of damage to the amplifier. An early guitar amplifier to include a power attenuator was the Jim Kelley Amplifiers Jim Kelley amplifier , which came with its own L pad type attenuator ... Power Brake, THD Electronics Hot Plate power attenuator THD Hot Plate , and Weber MASS. See also commons Guitar Power scaling Guitar amplifier Attenuator electronics Distortion guitar Isolation cabinet ... Attenuator Page http amps.zugster.net articles attenuation Adam s amps Basic attenuator circuits DEFAULTSORT Power Attenuator Guitar Category Electric guitars Category Noise reduction Category Loudspeaker ... more details
Optical wireless is the combined use of opticaloptical fiber optical fibre and wireless radio radio frequency communication to provide telecommunications telecommunication to clusters of end points which are geographically distant. The high capacity optical fibre is used to span the longest distances, and a lower cost wireless link carries the signal for the last mile to nearby users. Sources http searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid40 gci760820,00.html Definition Optical Wireless , SearchMobileComputuing website. Optical communication Telecommunications telecom stub Category Optical communications Category Local loop ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The path that light takes in traversing an optical system is often called the optical path . The physical length of an optical device can be reduced to less than the length of the optical path by using folded optics . The optical path length as defined in optics is the length of the path multiplied by the index of refraction of the medium. See also Optical path length DEFAULTSORT Optical path Category Optics Optics stub de Strahlengang it Cammino ottico sv Str lg ng ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An optical link is a communications link that consists of a single end to end optical circuit. A cable of optical fiber , possibly concatenated into a dark fiber link, is the simplest form of an optical link. Other forms of optical link can include single colour links over a wavelength division multiplex infrastructure, and or links that use optical amplifier s to compensate for attenuation over long distances. Other forms of optical links include free space optical communication links. Also in the railways optical is used in two forms depending upon the whether the feeding station is main or not. Thus for main stations it is sain to be long hall and for all remaining stations it is to be short hall. See also colbegin 3 Light Peak Optical interconnect Parallel optical interface Interconnect bottleneck Optical communication Optical cable Transimpedance amplifier Photo diode VCSEL PIN diode Green computing InfiniBand InfiniBand Trade Association Fibre channel HDMI PCI Express Active cables Small form factor pluggable transceiver Terabit Ethernet 100 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet Optoelectronics Data center High performance computing Cloud computing CXP connector Active Cables C Form factor Pluggable Fiber optic communication List of device bandwidths colend DEFAULTSORT Optical Link Category Optical communications Telecom stub ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 Optical microspheres photonic atoms are high quality factor optical resonator s used for active and passive photonic applications such as microlaser cavities and filters. Category Optics optics stub ... more details
Optical networking can refer to Optical communication Fiber optic communication Synchronous optical networking Optical Transport Network OTN Passive optical network disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 Image optical train.jpg thumb 250px right An optical train showing the arrangement and angle of lenses and mirrors to guide the laser. Optical train also called optical assembly is the arrangement of lens optics lenses to guide Line of sight propagation line of sight and lasers. The position and angle of lenses are adjusted to guide a laser through the path required. optics stub Category fiber optics ... more details
Mergeto diffraction limit date June 2009 Optical superresolution is a general term for optical techniques which operate beyond the normal diffraction limit . See also Super resolution Superoscillation Category Physical optics physics stub optics stub ... more details
Optical engineering is the field of study that focuses on applications of optics . Optical engineers design components of optical instrument s such as lens optics lenses , microscope s, telescope s, and other equipment that utilizes the properties of light . Other devices include optical sensors and measurement systems, laser s, fiber optic communication systems, optical disc systems e.g. CD , DVD , etc. Because optical engineers want to design and build devices that make light do something useful, they must understand and apply the science of optics in substantial detail, in order to know what is physically possible to achieve physics and chemistry . However, they also must know what is practical in terms of available technology, materials, costs, design methods, etc. As with other fields of engineering, computer s are important to many perhaps most optical engineers. They are used with instruments, for simulation, in design, and for many other applications. Engineers often use general computer tools such as spreadsheet s and programming language s, and they make frequent use of specialized optical software designed specifically for their field. Optical engineering metrology uses optical methods to measure micro vibrations with instruments like the laser speckle interferometer or to measure the properties of the various masses with instruments measuring refraction . See also Optical lens design Optician Optical physics SPIE Code V Zemax HEXAGON optical software References references Further reading Driggers, Ronald G. ed. 2003 . Encyclopedia of Optical Engineering. New York Marcel Dekker. 3 vols. ISBN 978 0824709402 Bruce H. Walker, Historical Review,SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA. ISBN 9780819478771. http link.aip.org link doi 10.1117 3.818136.ch2 FTS Yu & Xiangyang Yang 1997 Introduction to Optical Engineering , Cambridge University Press , ISBN 0251574935 . Technology footer Engineering stub Category Optics Category Engineering disciplines ar de Feinoptiker ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Optical Circulator symbol.jpg thumb Optical Circulator symbol An optical circulator is a special optical fiber fiber optic component that can be used to separate optical signals that travel in opposite directions in an optical fiber , analogous to the operation of an electronic circulator . An optical circulator is a three port device designed such that light entering any port exits from the next. This means that if light enters port 1 it is emitted from port 2, but if some of the emitted light is reflected back to the circulator, it does not come out of port 1, but instead exits from port 3. Circulators can be used to achieve bi directional transmission over a single fiber. Because of its high optical isolator isolation of the input and reflected optical powers and its low insertion loss , optical circulators are widely used in advanced fiber optic communications communication systems and fiber optic sensor applications. Optical circulators are non reciprocal optics, which means that changes in the properties of light passing through the device are not reversed when the light passes through in the opposite direction. This can only happen when the symmetry of the system is broken, for example by an external magnetic field . A Faraday rotator is another example of a non reciprocal optical device. See also Optical isolator http patft.uspto.gov netacgi nph Parser?Sect1 PTO2&Sect2 HITOFF&p 1&u 2Fnetahtml 2FPTO 2Fsearch adv.htm&r 1&f G&l 50&d PTXT&S1 5909310.PN.&OS pn 5909310&RS PN 5909310 US Patent 005909310 DEFAULTSORT Optical Circulator Category Optical devices Optics stub ca Circulador ptic ... more details
Image Optical Interleaver.gif thumb 400px right Illustration of the function of an optical interleaver and de interleaver An optical interleaver is a 3 port passive fiber optics fiber optic device that is used to combine two sets of dense wavelength division multiplexing DWDM channels odd and even channels into a composite signal stream in an interleaving way. For example, optical interleaver takes two multiplexed signals with 100 GHz spacing and interleaves them, creating a denser DWDM signal with channels spaced 50 GHz apart. The process can be repeated, creating even denser composite signals with 25 GHz or 12.5 GHz spacing. The device can be used in a reverse direction, forming an optical deinterleaver that separates a denser DWDM signal into odd channels and even channels. See schematic diagram. For example, in most DWDM equipment, the standard channel spacing is 100 GHz. But spacing the signal carrying frequencies every 50 or even 25 GHz can double or even quadruple the number of channels per fiber. Thus, optical interleaver can expand the number of channels per fiber, and devices and or networks can be upgraded without requiring that all devices be upgraded. Optical interleaver is based on multiple beam interference . Currently, there are two approaches to building optical interleaver 1 Step phase Michelson interferometer , and 2 birefringence Birefringent crystal networks. The former is based on Michelson interferometer combined with Gires Tournois interferometer . Image Interleaver Spectrum.jpg frame 622px center Transmission spectra of 50 100 GHz optical interleaver at three temperatures See also Optical add drop multiplexer External links http www.optoplex.com Optical Interleaver.htm Optical Interleaver for fiber optic communications Category Fiber optic communications Interleaver, optical Category Optical devices Interleaver, optical Category Photonics ... more details
For the optic axis of a crystal Optic axis of a crystal Image Optical axis en.png thumb 300px Optical axis coincides with red ray and rays symmetrical to optical axis pair of blue and pair of green rays propagating through different lenses. An optical axis is a line along which there is some degree of rotational symmetry in an optics optical system such as a camera lens or microscope . The optical axis is an imaginary line that defines the path along which light propagates through the system. For a system composed of simple lens optics lenses and mirror s, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry . The optical axis is often coincident with the system s mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off axis optical system s. For an optical fiber , the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core , and is also known as the fiber axis . See also Ray optics Cardinal point optics Boresight References FS1037C DODDIC Category Geometrical optics de Optische Achse Optik et Optiline telg eo Optika akso ko id Sumbu optis it Asse ottico nl Optische as optica ja pl O optyczna ru sk Optick os sl Opti na os tr Optik eksen uk zh ... more details
Orphan date April 2010 Cleanup date April 2010 The Optical Wizard is an online automated lens calculator, invented by William Bridson and a group of engineers from Navitar Inc. in Rochester, NY . The Optical Wizard received a patent from the US government in 2006, as the first automated lens selection tool of its kind. The tool is utilized by optical, mechanical, and electrical engineers, along with researchers and physicists to find quick automated, calculation free solutions for machine vision , automation, testing, measuring, assembly, inspection, electronic, and biomedical imaging applications. It comprises the steps of generating a set of user requirements that include a set of data defining the user s optical imaging specification generating a second data set defining optical characteristics of each of a plurality of standardized optical devices generating a set of programmed instructions for comparing the first data set with the second data set and, using a programmed computer to automatically select a combination of the optical devices that function to essentially satisfy the user s optical imaging specifications. References http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1G1 157642196.html http patft.uspto.gov netacgi nph Parser?Sect1 PTO1&Sect2 HITOFF&d PALL&p 1&u 2Fnetahtml 2FPTO 2Fsrchnum.htm&r 1&f G&l 50&s1 7,149,662.PN.&OS PN 7,149,662&RS PN 7,149,662 http www.imveurope.com products product details.php?product id 858 http news.thomasnet.com fullstory 801216 External links http www.opticalwizard.com Optical Wizard Category Optical devices Category Web applications ... more details
Refimprove date May 2007 Optical communication is any form of telecommunication that uses light as the transmission medium . An optical communication system consists of a transmitter , which encodes a message into an optical signal information theory signal , a channel communications channel , which ... optical signal. Forms of optical communication File Bundesarchiv Bild 102 09520, Kieler Hafen, Abfahrt der Deutschen Hochseeflotte.jpg thumb Naval signal There are many forms of non technological optical ... s, ship flags , smoke signals , and beacon beacon fires were the earliest form of technological optical ... an Aldis lamp to communicate with planes whose radio failed. Free space optical communication is also used today in a variety of applications. Optical fiber communication Main article Fiber optic communication . Optical fiber is the most common type of channel for optical communications, however, other types of optical waveguide s are used Light Peak within computers or communications gear, and have ... trials. The transmitters in optical fiber links are generally light emitting diode s LEDs or laser diode s. Infrared light, rather than visible light is used more commonly, because optical fibers transmit ... optical phase and frequency modulation have been demonstrated in the lab. The need for periodic ... , which extended link distances at significantly lower cost. Free space optical communication Main article Free space optical communication . Free Space Optics FSO systems are generally employed for last ... Line of sight propagation line of sight between the source and the destination, and the optical ... of low data rate, short distance free space optical communications using LEDs. Other free space ... subsystems. ref cite web last Wilson first K. title Recent Development in High Data Rate Optical Communications ... Technical Reports Server accessdate 4 October 2011 ref See also Commons category Optical communication Laser Optical telegraph Heliograph Photophone Telegraph Jun Ichi Nishizawa an inventor of optical ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Optical storage is a term from engineering referring to the storage of data on an optically readable medium. Data is recorded by making marks in a pattern that can be read back with the aid of light , usually a beam of laser light precisely focused on a spinning disc. An older example, that does not require the use of computers, is microform . There are other means of optically storing data and new methods are in development. Optical storage differs from other computer data storage data storage techniques that make use of other technologies such as magnetism or semiconductor s. Optical storage can range from a single drive reading a single CD ROM to multiple drives reading multiple discs such as an optical jukebox . Single compact discs can hold around 700MB megabyte s and optical jukebox es can hold much more ref Compact Disc http en.wikipedia.org wiki Compact Disc ref . The term optical drive usually refers to a device in a computer that can read CD ROM s or other optical disc s. It is estimated that in the year 2007, optical storage represents 27 of the world s technological capacity to store information ref name HilbertLopez2011 http www.sciencemag.org content 332 6025 60 The World s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information , especially http www.sciencemag.org content suppl 2011 02 08 science.1200970.DC1 Hilbert SOM.pdf ... also Data storage device the broader topic of all devices that store data. Optical Media board disc modern optical discs such as CD ROM s and related formats. Optical Jukebox Optical disc drive Optical tape more capacity than magnetic tape but not as cost effective Magneto optical drive combines Optical ... data storage media. HDSS Holographic Data Storage Systems potential new optical storage technology. 3D optical data storage potential new optical storage technology. Optical Storage Technology Association industry trade association References Reflist Optical storage media DEFAULTSORT Optical Storage ... more details
Optical physics is a subfield of atomic, molecular, and optical physics . It is the study of the generation of electromagnetic radiation , the properties of that radiation, and the interaction of that radiation with matter , especially its manipulation and control. It differs from general optics and optical engineering in that it is focused on the discovery and application of new phenomena. There is no strong distinction, however, between optical physics, applied optics, and optical engineering, since the devices of optical engineering and the applications of applied optics are necessary for basic research in optical physics, and that research leads to the development of new devices and applications. Often the same people are involved in both the basic research and the applied technology development. Researchers in optical physics use and develop light sources that span the electromagnetic spectrum from microwave s to X ray s. The field includes the generation and detection of light, linear and nonlinear optics nonlinear optical processes, and spectroscopy . Laser s and laser spectroscopy have transformed optical science. Major study in optical physics is also devoted to quantum optics and Coherence physics coherence , and to femtosecond optics. In optical physics, support is also provided in areas such as the nonlinear response of isolated atoms to intense, ultra short electromagnetic ... field. Other important areas of research include the development of novel optical techniques for nano optical measurements, diffractive optics , low coherence interferometry , optical coherence tomography , and near field microscopy . Research in optical physics places an emphasis on ultrafast optical science and technology. The applications of optical physics create advancements in telecommunication ..., Cambridge University Press, 2009, ISBN 978 0 521 56457 2. Handbook of atomic, molecular, and optical ... Optical Physics Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Category Optics bn ... more details
Matt Quinn , better known as Optical , is a drum and bass Music producer producer and DJ from England . He is best known for his work with Ed Rush , fellow head of the Virus Recordings label, and as a pioneer of the techstep and neurofunk sound. His first single for Metalheadz , To Shape the Future Raging Calm 1997 and his collaborative material with Ed Rush, such as the Wormhole album Wormhole , album 1998 were archetypal developments in the style. The duo followed this debut album with The Creeps 2000 and The Original Doctor Shade 2003 , as well as countless singles and remixes. He also notably did most of the engineering and production work for Grooverider s album Mysteries of Funk . In addition, he has produced solo, and released in collaboration with many artists, including Trace artist Trace , Dom & Roland , Fierce band Fierce , and his brother Matrix artist Matrix . External links Rolldabeats artist artist optical name Optical Discogs artist artist Optical name Optical Discogs artist artist Ed Rush 26 Optical name Ed Rush & Optical Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Optical ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Optical Category English record producers Category English DJs Category English drum and bass musicians Category Living people UK electronic musician stub ... more details
multiple issues orphan February 2009 unreferenced October 2008 Sterling Optical is a franchised retail optical chain headquartered in Garden City, New York . There are currently 155 locations in the United States, Canada , and the U.S. Virgin Islands . History Sterling Optical opened in 1912 with a single store in the financial district of New York City . In 1954, a second location opened in Washington, D.C. In 1966, Sterling Optical acquired IPCO, a retail optical chain in the northeastern United States. The chain grew to 20 stores by 1970 and to 65 by 1975. Over the next 5 years, the chain grew to almost 130 stores. In January 1992, Sterling Optical was incorporated in New York as a result of a reorganization and was renamed Sterling Vision Inc., with stores doing business as Sterling Optical. During this period, Sterling Vision acquired the Site for Sore Eyes chain in California as well as VCC, a specialized healthcare maintenance organization licensed by the California Department of Corporations. VCC employs licensed optometrists which operate under the tradename Sterling VisionCare in locations which are usually adjacent to a Sterling Optical location. In 1996, the company opened two lasik centers named Insight Laser Centers, one in New York and the other in San Francisco . These locations have since ceased operations. In 2005, Sterling Optical began using cartoon character Mr. Magoo as their spokesman. Category Companies based in New York City Category Companies established in 1912 ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 For a mirror holder Mirror mount Orphan date November 2006 An optical mount is a device used to join a normal camera and another optical instrument, such as a microscope or telescope . The optical mount is generally attached to the camera as a camera lens lens would on one end, and fastened to the other instrument in a similar fashion. Optical mounts are used extensively in science scientific imaging applications in biology and astronomy . DEFAULTSORT Optical Mount Category Photography equipment Category Microscopy Category Astronomical instruments Photography stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An optical reader is a device found within most computer Image scanner scanners that captures visual information and translates the image into digital information the computer is capable of understanding and displaying. An example of optical readers are marksense systems for election s where voters mark their choice by filling a rectangle, circle or oval, or by completing an arrow. After the voting a tabulating device reads the votes using dark mark logic , whereby the computer selects the darkest mark within a given set as the correct choice or vote. Marksense is also used extensively in such areas as lottery lotteries and multiple choice tests. See also Digital paper Optical scan voting system References reflist noreferences date March 2010 DEFAULTSORT Optical Reader Optics stub Category Optical devices ... more details
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