Opticalcharacterrecognition , usually abbreviated to OCR , is the Machine mechanical or Electronics ... OCR, and so on. See also List of opticalcharacterrecognition software Current state of OCR technology ... to . for the cite to end in a . , as necessary. inconsistent citations ref On line characterrecognition is sometimes confused with OpticalCharacterRecognition ref Cite document last Tappert first ... Lists Comparison of opticalcharacterrecognition software List of emerging technologies Outline ... recognition http www.unicode.org charts PDF U2440.pdf Unicode OCR Hex Range 2440 245F OpticalCharacterRecognition in Unicode OCR DEFAULTSORT OpticalCharacterRecognition Category Artificial intelligence ... capture Category Computational linguistics Category Opticalcharacterrecognition Category Unicode ... znakova ca Reconeixement ptic de car cters cs OCR da Opticalcharacterrecognition de Texterkennung ... fa fr Reconnaissance optique de caract res gl OpticalCharacterRecognition ko ... Optikai karakterfelismer s mk nl Opticalcharacterrecognition ja ... ru simple Opticalcharacterrecognition sk Optick rozozn vanie znakov sh Opti ko prepoznavanje znakova fi Tekstintunnistus sv Opticalcharacterrecognition ... scanned page including images, columns and other non textual components. History Early opticalcharacter ... characterrecognition computer program. LexisNexis was one of the first customers, and bought ... characterrecognition software OCR software and Intelligent characterrecognition ICR software ... characterrecognition, where the system recognizes the fixed static shape of the character, while on line characterrecognition instead recognizes the dynamic motion during handwriting. For example, on line ... recognition is also referred to by other terms such as dynamic characterrecognition, real time characterrecognition, and Intelligent CharacterRecognition or ICR. On line systems for recognizing hand ... more details
An OCR SDK is a software development kit for adding opticalcharacterrecognition capabilities to forms processing applications, document imaging management systems, e discovery systems and records management solutions. In order to avoid the difficulties of incorporating OCR technology, some OCR SDKs contain a high number of API s, support multiple operating system s and programming language s. Here is a non exhaustive comparison of opticalcharacterrecognition software class wikitable sortable Name Founded year Latest stable version Release year License Online Microsoft Windows Windows Mac OS X Linux Berkeley Software Distribution BSD Programming language SDK? Languages Fonts Notes ABBYY FineReader 1989 11 2011 proprietary yes yes yes yes yes C C yes 186 ref http finereader.abbyy.com full feature list ocr accuracy ref ? ABBYY also supplies SDKs for embedded and mobile devices. Professional, Corporate and Site License Editions for Windows, Express Edition for Mac. ref http ocrworld.com software 5 in depth 149 top ocr software.html ref AnyDoc Software 1989 ? ? proprietary no yes no no no VBScript ... Fonts Notes References reflist DEFAULTSORT List Of OpticalCharacterRecognition Software Category Computer libraries Category Opticalcharacterrecognition Category Software comparisons Opticalcharacterrecognition ... yes 11 OmniFont Uses voting technology. Includes several OCR engines. Focuses on characterrecognition ... ref Any printed font Supports Latin, Asian, Arabic, and MICR character sets. ref name leadtools default For full page, zonal, and form image processing. Includes OCR, barcode, OMR and forms recognition. ref http www.leadtools.com sdk recognition imaging.htm ref ICR handwritten text recognition is supported ... development kit. Recognition quality, agility, small size, ease of use, and a royalty free licensing ... kit SDK based on Cognitive Technologies CuneiForm recognition engine. Wraps Puma COM server and provides ... more details
technology.htm ref ref Yurcik, William J. n.d. OpticalCharacterRecognition. Retrieved June 11, 2006 ... that would aid the blind. ref Bookrags. n.d. OpticalCharacterRecognition. Retrieved June 11, 2006, from http www.bookrags.com sciences computerscience opticalcharacterrecognition csci 02.html ... OpticalCharacterRecognition. Retrieved June 11, 2006, from http www.bookrags.com sciences computerscience ... Electronic Data Capture Mark sense Object recognitionOpticalcharacterrecognition Pattern recognition ... Category Artificial intelligence applications Category Opticalcharacterrecognition ar de Optical Mark Recognition es Reconocimiento ptico de marcas fr Reconnaissance optique de marques ko it Optical mark recognition ja pl OMR zh DEFAULTSORT Optical Mark ...Optical Mark Recognition also called Optical Mark Reading and OMR is the process of capturing human marked ... by dedicated OMR device Many traditional OMR Optical Mark Recognition devices work with a dedicated ... characterrecognition OCR by the fact that a complicated pattern recognition engine is not required ... code found on product packaging. One of the most familiar applications of optical mark recognition is the use ... P. 1998, August . Optical mark recognition. Postgraduate Medicine online. Retrieved June 7, 2006 from http www.postgradmed.com issues 1998 08 98 dd aug.htm ref ref Bookrags. n.d. OpticalCharacterRecognition. Retrieved June 11, 2006, from http www.bookrags.com sciences computerscience opticalcharacterrecognition csci 02.html ref ref Green, Phil 2000 . Optical Scanning Systems. Retrieved June 9 ... Optical Mark Recognition systems were designed to use dedicated scanners and special pre printed ... offline testing conducted on OMR sheets. History Optical mark recognition OMR is the scanning ... Age 3rd ed. .Canada McGraw Hill Ryerson. ref Optical mark recognition has evolved from ... the presence of a pencil filled in bubble is recognized, the recognition is done via an optical ... more details
of version 1.1. The Unicode block that includes MICR characters is called OpticalCharacterRecognition and covers U 2440&ndash U 245F Unicode chart OpticalCharacterRecognition See also OCR A font ... identification and data capture Category Opticalcharacterrecognition Category Banking technology Category Typography Category Banking terms and equipment Category ISO standards de Magnetic Ink CharacterRecognition fr CMC7 ko it Magnetic ink characterrecognition he kk ja pt Magnetic ink characterrecognition ru MICR simple .... The error rate for the magnetic scanning of a typical check is smaller than with opticalcharacterrecognition systems. For well printed MICR documents, the can t read rate is usually less than ... processing Magnetic ink characterrecognition Print specifications publisher International Organization ... recorder . As each character passes over the head it produces a unique waveform that can be easily ... real MICR fonts, had a full character repertoire. Image MICR.svg thumb 500px The 14 characters ... , and an unused character. Some countries, including France, use the CMC 7 font developed by Groupe ... What is MICR http mdn.morovia.com manuals micr4 ch02.php N1016B MICR E 13B Character set ... more details
In computer science , intelligent characterrecognition ICR is an advanced opticalcharacterrecognition OCR or rather more specific handwriting recognition system that allows fonts and different styles of handwriting to be learned by a computer during processing to improve accuracy and recognition levels. Most ICR software has a self learning system referred to as a neural network , which automatically updates the recognition database for new handwriting patterns. It extends the usefulness of scanning devices for the purpose of document processing, from printed characterrecognition a function of OCR to hand written matter recognition. Because this process is involved in recognising hand writing, accuracy levels may, in some circumstances, not be very good but can achieve 97 accuracy rates in reading handwriting in structured forms. Often to achieve these high recognition rates several read engines are used within the software and each is given elective voting rights to determine the true reading of characters. In numeric fields, engines which are designed to read numbers take preference, while in alpha fields, engines designed to read hand written letters have higher elective rights. When used in conjunction with a bespoke interface hub, hand written data can be automatically populated into a back office system avoiding laborious manual keying and can be more accurate than traditional human data entry. An important development of ICR was the invention of Forms Processing Automated Forms Processing in 1993. This involved a three stage process of capturing the image of the form ... Category Opticalcharacterrecognition de Intelligent CharacterRecognition fr Reconnaissance intelligente ... Level Intelligent word recognition IWR can not only recognize and extract printed handwritten information, but cursive handwriting as well. ICR recognizes on the character level, whereas IWR ... on documents that otherwise could be keyed only by humans. See also Handwriting recognition machine ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2011 A Multiline OpticalCharacter Reader , or MLOCR, is a type of mail sorting machine that uses OpticalCharacterRecognition OCR technology to determine how to route mail through the postal system. MLOCRs work by capturing images of the front of letter sized mailpieces, and extracting the entire address from each piece. It looks up the postal code within each address in a master database, prints a barcode representing this information on the mailpiece, and performs an initial sort. All of this occurs in a fraction of a second as the mailpiece passes through the machine. After this point, mail is further sorted by barcode sorters that read this barcode to determine its destination throughout its journey all the way down to the walk sequence of the mail carrier. If the MLOCR is not able to decode the address usually due to being handwritten, Citation needed date September 2007 it puts the mailpiece on hold by putting a unique fluorescent barcode on the back of the mailpiece, and these un coded letters are set aside while the Remote Bar Coding System formerly called Remote Video Encoding scrutinizes these. An image of the mailpiece is sent to a Remote Encoding Center where human Data Conversion Operators process the images. These operators convert the information on the mailpiece into abbreviated codes and enter the data into the computer. This data is sent back to the MLOCR site where it is matched with the unique barcodes on the back of the un coded mailpieces, and these pieces finally are given barcodes like the rest of the mail. All this effort is put into deciphering these mailpieces so that they never need to be examined again. The United States Postal Service is the largest user of these machines Citation needed date May 2008 however, large volume mailers and mail consolidators also have their own MLOCR systems to barcode outgoing mail, in order to receive significant postage discounts. An option called FASTforward http www.usps.com ncsc ... more details
wiktionary TOC right Recognition may refer to Recall memory Award , recognition of a piece of work Diplomatic recognition , acceptance of the sovereign status of a political entity by other sovereign governments Intra species recognition Antigen recognition , in immunology Molecular recognitionRecognition parliamentary procedure , the assignment of the floor Recognition sociology , an acknowledgement of merits Recognition tax , an income tax concept Revenue recognition Fiction The Recognition , a short science fiction story by J. G. Ballard Technology Aircraft recognition Automatic number plate recognition Facial recognition disambiguation Gesture recognition Handwriting recognition Iris recognition Language recognition disambiguation Magnetic ink characterrecognition Named entity recognitionOpticalcharacterrecognitionOptical mark recognition Pattern recognitionRecognition of human individuals Speech recognition Audio visual speech recognition Speaker recognition Subvocal speech recognition Music Wreckonize , a USA musician See also lookfrom intitle disambig ca Reconeixement de Erkennung es Reconocimiento fr Reconnaissance lt Atpa inimas nl Erkenning pt Reconhecimento ru simple Recognition sr ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 For the William Gaddis novel The Recognitions The Recognition is a short story by English author J. G. Ballard , originally included in Harlan Ellison s science fiction anthology Dangerous Visions . br J. G. Ballard DEFAULTSORT Recognition, The Category 1967 short stories Category Short stories by J. G. Ballard Category Dangerous Visions short stories Sf story stub ... more details
wiktionary character characters Character s may refer to tocright Art and entertainment Character arts , an agent in a work of art, including literature, drama, cinema, opera, etc. Character film Character film , a 1997 Dutch film, based on the novel by Dutch author Ferdinand Bordewijk Character album Character album , by Dark Tranquillity Character role playing games Character role playing games , a fictional person controlled by a participant Characters Stevie Wonder album Characters Stevie Wonder album , 1987 Characters John Abercrombie album Characters John Abercrombie album , 1977 Character Options , a toy company The Characters , a Theophrastus The Characters book by the Greek philosopher Theophrastus Mathematics, science and technology ratchet click Character mathematics , a type of function used in algebra Character structure , a psychological system of personal traits Moral character , an evaluation of a particular individual s moral qualities Game character disambiguation , various types of character in a video game or role playing game Player character , as above but who is controlled or whose actions are directly chosen by a player Non player character , as above but not player controlled Symbols Character computing , a unit of information roughly corresponding to a grapheme Character symbol , a sign or symbol Chinese character , a written language symbol sinogram used in Chinese, Japanese, and other languages Other Character income tax , a type of income for tax purposes in the USA Sacramental character , a Catholic teaching Charaktery , a monthly magazine in Poland See also lookfrom intitle disambiguation ca Car cter da Karakter de Charakter Begriffskl rung es Car cter fr Caract re ko it Carattere ms Aksara nl Karakter ja pl Karakter pt Car cter ro Caracter ru simple Character sk Charakter tl Karakter tr Karakter ur Character ... more details
ref See also List of opticalcharacterrecognition software References Reflist External links official http www.abbyy.com recognition server http www.abbyy.com AwardsReviews ?product Recognition 20Server ...Infobox software name ABBYY Recognition Server logo developer ABBYY latest release version 3.0 Windows platform operating system Windows Vista , Windows XP XP , Windows 7 7 , Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2, Windows Server 2008 R2 br genre document capture , Opticalcharacterrecognition OCR license proprietary, commercial website http www.abbyy.com recognition server ABBYY Recognition Server is an automated Opticalcharacterrecognition server and document capture software developed by ABBYY . ref name RecognitionServer cite web url http www.abbyy.com recognition server title ABBYY Recognition Server General Information last ABBYY authorlink year 2011 ref br It is designed to convert large volumes of documents scanned paper documents or other images of text into searchable electronic data . The software recognizes documents in more than 190 languages ref name RS OCRlanguages cite web url http www.abbyy.com recognition server specifications title ABBYY Recognition Server OCR Languages last ABBYY authorlink year 2011 ref , including multilingual documents and old European texts written in blackletter , and supports 1D and 2D barcodes . br In August 2006 KMWorld Magazine nominated ABBYY Recognition Server for the Trend Setting Product of the Year award. ref name KMWorld2006 cite web url http www.kmworld.com Articles Editorial Feature Trend Setting Products of 2006 18052.aspx title KMWorld Trend Setting Products of 2006 ref Hugh McKellar, Editor in Chief of KMWorld magazine, said ABBYY s new Recognition Server represents a simple software appliance approach to OCR. It accommodates not only centralized scanning but also ad hoc, de centralized scanning which is how ... cite web url http www.abbyy.com Default.aspx?DN 69857524 e15a 4733 b1a4 4b635698abec title Recognition ... more details
of the written text may be sensed off line from a piece of paper by optical scanning opticalcharacterrecognition or intelligent word recognition . Alternatively, the movements of the pen tip may be sensed on line , for example by a pen based computer screen surface. Handwriting recognition principally entails opticalcharacterrecognition . However, a complete handwriting recognition system .... Primary techniques Specifying specific character ranges Utilization of specialized forms Character extraction Off line characterrecognition often involves scanning a form or document written ... sub image containing both characters. This causes a major problem in the recognition stage. Yet many algorithms are available that reduce the risk of connected characters. Characterrecognition After the extraction of individual characters occurs a recognition engine is used to identify the corresponding computer character. Several different recognition techniques are currently available. Neural ... last first title Inforite Hand CharacterRecognition Terminal publisher Cadre Systems Limited, England ... shape characterrecognition, and recognition of boxed fields of text. Research File Address ... tablet and pen. ref Citation last first title Inforite Hand CharacterRecognition Terminal publisher ... characterrecognition Pen computing Sketch recognition Tablet computer Tablet PC Lists Outline of artificial ...Handwriting recognition is the ability of a computer to receive and interpret intelligible handwritten ... the most plausible words. Off line recognition Off line handwriting recognition involves the automatic .... Off line handwriting recognition is comparatively difficult, as different people have different ... recognition as of today. Problem domain reduction techniques Narrowing the problem domain often helps increase the accuracy of handwriting recognition systems. A form field for a ZIP code for example ... then makes the character identifications. Each neural network uniquely learns the properties that differentiate ... more details
, 2011. ref Iris recognition in fiction In Demolition Man film Demolition Man 1993 , a character played ...Image humaniris.jpg thumb 250px right Iris recognition biometric systems apply mathematical pattern recognition ... Iris Recognition thumb 250px Iris recognition system based on pattern matching Iris recognition is an automated method of biometrics biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern recognition ..., less prevalent, ocular based technology, retina scan ning, iris recognition uses camera technology ... around the world have been enrolled in iris recognition systems, for convenience purposes such as passport ... deployed. A key advantage of iris recognition, besides its speed of matching and its extreme ... visible organ of the eye. The core algorithms that underlie iris recognition were developed in the 1990 ... of all commercially deployed iris recognition systems, although many alternative approaches have been studied and compared in the academic literature in hundreds of publications. Iris recognition .... Visible Wavelength VW vs Near Infrared NIR Imaging The majority of iris recognition cameras use ... Hosseini, M.S. Araabi, B.N. Soltanian Zadeh, H. title Pigment Melanin Pattern for Iris Recognition ... between these two imaging modalities and fused the results to boost the recognition rate. An alternative ... modal biometric systems which intend to reach high accuracies of recognition in large databanks ... An IriScan model 2100 iris scanner An iris recognition algorithm first has to localize the inner ... recognition algorithm, John Daugman s IrisCode, has an unprecedented Type I and type II errors Type ... authorities of some countries have already made into fingerprint recognition. Iris recognition ..., iris recognition is susceptible to poor image quality, with associated failure to enroll rates. As with other ... activists have voiced concerns that iris recognition technology might help governments to track individuals ..., a still not satisfactorily solved problem with iris recognition is the problem of live tissue ... more details
multiple issues orphan February 2009 unreferenced October 2008 Sterling Optical is a franchised retail optical chain headquartered in Garden City, New York . There are currently 155 locations in the United States, Canada , and the U.S. Virgin Islands . History Sterling Optical opened in 1912 with a single store in the financial district of New York City . In 1954, a second location opened in Washington, D.C. In 1966, Sterling Optical acquired IPCO, a retail optical chain in the northeastern United States. The chain grew to 20 stores by 1970 and to 65 by 1975. Over the next 5 years, the chain grew to almost 130 stores. In January 1992, Sterling Optical was incorporated in New York as a result of a reorganization and was renamed Sterling Vision Inc., with stores doing business as Sterling Optical. During this period, Sterling Vision acquired the Site for Sore Eyes chain in California as well as VCC, a specialized healthcare maintenance organization licensed by the California Department of Corporations. VCC employs licensed optometrists which operate under the tradename Sterling VisionCare in locations which are usually adjacent to a Sterling Optical location. In 1996, the company opened two lasik centers named Insight Laser Centers, one in New York and the other in San Francisco . These locations have since ceased operations. In 2005, Sterling Optical began using cartoon character Mr. Magoo as their spokesman. Category Companies based in New York City Category Companies established in 1912 ... more details
selfref For the Wikipedia language recognition chart, see Wikipedia Language recognition chart Language recognition may refer to Language identification Natural language understanding Speech recognition disambiguation ... more details
Activity recognition aims to recognize the actions and goals of one or more agents from a series of observations ... of study such as medicine, human computer interaction, or sociology. To understand activity recognition ... have been studied by researchers in activity recognition examples include assisting the sick ... to its many faceted nature, different fields may refer to activity recognition as plan recognition, goal recognition, intent recognition, behavior recognition, location estimation and location based services. Types of activity recognition Sensor based, single user activity recognition Sensor based activity recognition integrates the emerging area of sensor networks with novel data mining and machine ... Borriello, et al. The Mobile Sensing Platform An Embedded System for Activity Recognition. Appears ... Ravi, Nikhil Dandekar, Preetham Mysore, Michael Littman. Activity Recognition from Accelerometer ... power to enable physical activity recognition to provide an estimation of the energy consumption during everyday life. Sensor based activity recognition researchers believe that by empowering ubiquitous ... will be better suited to act on our behalf. Levels of sensor based activity recognition Sensor based activity recognition is a challenging task due to the inherent noisy nature of the input. Thus, statistical modeling has been the main thrust in this direction in layers, where the recognition ... reasoning. Scientific conferences where activity recognition work from wearable and environmental ... ubicomp2011 UbiComp . Sensor based, multi user activity recognition Recognizing activities for multiple ... from this work. Vision based activity recognition It is a very important and challenging problem ... technique employed is computer vision. Vision based activity recognition has found many applications ... others. Scientific conferences where vision based activity recognition work often appears are ICCV and CVPR . In vision based activity recognition, a great deal of work has been done. Researchers have ... more details
right The display of the Speech Recognition screensaver on a Personal computer PC , in which the Character arts character responds to questions, e.g. Where are you? or statements, e.g. Hello. In Computer Science , Speech recognition is the translation of spoken words into text. It is also known as automatic speech recognition , ASR , computer speech recognition , speech to text , or just STT . Speech Recognition is technology that can translate spoken words into text. Some SR systems use training ... s specific voice and use it to fine tune the recognition of that person s speech, resulting .... Systems that use training are called Speaker Dependent systems. Speech recognition applications ... usually termed Direct Voice Input . The term voice recognition ref name Macmillan Brit. def of voice recognition cite web url http www.macmillandictionary.com dictionary british voice recognition title British English definition of voice recognition publisher Macmillan Publishers Limited ... definition voice recognition.html title voice recognition, definition of publisher WebFinance .... speaker recognition Recognizing the speaker can simplify the task of translating speech ... care domain, speech recognition can be implemented in front end or back end of the medical documentation process. Front End speech recognition is where the provider dictates into a speech recognition ... for editing and signing off on the document. Back End or deferred speech recognition is where the provider dictates into a digital dictation system, the voice is routed through a speech recognition ..., where the draft is edited and report finalised. Deferred speech recognition is widely used in the industry ... be performed more easily when deployed in conjunction with a speech recognition engine. Searches, queries ... issues relating to the use of speech recognition in healthcare is that the American Recovery and Reinvestment ..., in many instances, the use of speech recognition within an EHR will not lead to data ... more details
Fingerprint recognition or fingerprint authentication refers to the automate d method of verifying a match between two human fingerprint s. Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics used to Forensic identification identify individuals and Verification and validation verify their Personally identifiable information identity . This article touches on two major classes of algorithm s minutia and pattern and four sensor designs optical, ultrasonic, passive capacitance, and active capacitance . Background The analysis of fingerprints for matching purposes generally requires the comparison of several features of the print pattern. These include patterns, which are aggregate characteristics of ridges, and minutia points, which are unique features found within the patterns. ref jain It is also necessary to know the structure and properties of human skin in order to successfully employ some of the imaging technologies. Patterns The three basic patterns of fingerprint ridges are the arch, loop, and whorl arch The ridges enter from one side of the finger, rise in the center forming an arc, and then exit the other side of the finger. loop The ridges enter from one side of a finger, form a curve, and then exit on that same side. Whorl fingerprint whorl Ridges form circularly around a central point on the finger. Scientists have found that family members often share the same general fingerprint ... . OpticalOptical fingerprint imaging involves capturing a digital image of the print using ... ultrasonography in order to create visual images of the fingerprint. Unlike optical imaging, ultrasonic ... reader Biometric Technology Biometric technology in access control Finger Vein recognition Iris recognition ... and Face Recognition . Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. note ScientificAmerican1 cite web url http ... smazumdar final report.pdf title Biometric Security Using Finger Print Recognition first1 Subhra last1 ... Recognition Category Authentication methods Category Fingerprints ca Reconeixement d empremtes ... more details
Facial recognition or face recognition may refer to Face perception , the process by which the human brain understands and interprets the face Pareidolia , which involves, in part, seeing images of faces in clouds and other scenes Facial recognition system , an automated system with the ability to identify individuals by their facial characteristics disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 For information extraction related task named entity recognition Name recognition is a concept used in politics to describe the number of people who are aware of a politician . It is considered an important factor in elections , as candidates with low name recognition are unlikely to receive votes from people who only casually follow politics. Name recognition is also considered a major obstacle for challengers hoping to defeat incumbents . Incumbents are politicians who have already been elected to a particular office, and are now running for re election to that same office. By definition, the fact that incumbents are already in office gives them name recognition. This proves to be a huge advantage over most challengers. There are multiple ways candidates can increase their name recognition during the campaign. Radio and television advertisements are very effective. Additionally, yard signs can increase name recognition. References reflist Category Elections Category Political campaign techniques poli stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The recognition sequence , sometimes also referred to as recognition site , of any DNA binding domain DNA binding protein motif that exhibits binding specificity, refers to the DNA sequence or subset thereof , to which the domain is specific. Palindromic sequence Recognition sequences are palindromes . The transcription factor Sp1 biology Sp1 for example, binds the sequences 5 G T GGGCGG G A G A C T 3 , where G T indicates that the domain will bind a guanine or thymine at this position. The restriction endonuclease PstI recognizes, binds, and cleaves the sequence 5 CTGCAG 3 . However, a recognition sequence refers to a different aspect from that of recognition site . A given recognition sequence can occur one or more times, or not at all on a specific DNA fragment. A recognition site is specified by the position of the site. For example, there are two PstI recognition site in the following DNA sequence fragment, start at base 9 and 31 respectively. A recognition sequence is a specific sequence, usually very short less than 10 bases . Depending on the degree of specificity of the protein, a DNA binding protein can bind to more than one specific sequence. For PstI, which has a single sequence specificity, it is 5 CTGCAG 3 . It is always the same whether at the first recognition site or the second in the following example sequence. For Sp1, which has multiple 16 sequence specificity as shown above, the two recognition sites in the following example sequence fragment are at 18 and 32, and their respective recognition sequences are 5 GGGGCGGAGC 3 and 5 TGGGCGGAAC 3 . 5 AACGTTAG CTGCAG TC GGGGCGGAGC TAGG CTGCAG GAAT TGGGCGGAAC CT 3 See also DNA binding domain Transcription factor Classes , for more examples DEFAULTSORT Recognition Sequence Category Genetics Category Proteins Genetics stub ... more details
Recognition in sociology is public acknowledgement of person s Social status status or wikt merit merit s achievements, virtue s, service, etc. . When some person is recognized , he or she is accorded some special status, such as a name, title, or classification. Recognition can take many forms, such as mention in the mass media . Historical examples The Qianlong Emperor of China used large circular logos the size of a dinner plate to distinguish members of his family from his Han Chinese Han subjects. Their symbol of privilege was a Mandarin square on their clothing. Acculturation It becomes easier for people to be accepted into some society social process if they allow themselves to fit into a social identity , as a signal that they implicitly accept some Norm sociology social norm . Thus the use of uniform dress is a signal for both group inclusion and acceptance . Gang s use signals and dress for this purpose. Dress codes and norms also occur for religion religious groups. In employment As a means to increase productivity , communication , and Contentment satisfaction in the workplace, recognition is a tool used by many successful organizations to address these challenges. Recognition can be used in multiple models, including manager to employee, employee to manager, and peer to peer . In terms of employment, individuals within an organization can acknowledge each other for great ... work environment. Recognition in the workplace can be a monetising activity, a complementary activity ... to fellow employees or public recognition with a thank you , kudos , or congratulations . Recognition Resources A set of tools was developed in 2008 to help individuals better understand their Recognition ... a visual representations of a teams overall Recognition Nature, an indicator useful for leaders in determining healthy recognition team dynamics. See also Respect Posthumous recognition Name recognition Donor recognition wall Roll call Category Evaluation Category Sociological terms ... more details
Direct and indirect alloantigen recognition are two mechanisms by which T cells may recognize alloantigen s and lead to transplant rejection after an organ transplant . Direct alloantigen recognition Donor tissue macrophages migrate to lymph node s, stimulate a measurable percentage of recipient T cells . The host T cells in the lymph node recognize either the allograft HLA or an associated bound peptide . In this case, alloreactive T cells are stimulated by donor APCs which express both the allogeneic MHC and costimulatory activity . Indirect alloantigen recognition Host organ recipient macrophage s process proteins from the transplanted graft, and trigger a T cell response. Presentation may occur via MHC class I or MHC class II , although class II is usually involved. The main difference between indirect and direct alloantigen recognition stems from the origin of the macrophages type of APC . In direct alloantigen recognition, the involved macrophages are donor derived. In indirect alloantigen recognition, the macrophages APCs involved are recipient. med stub Category Immune system Category T cells ... more details
In Computer Science the term voice recognition ref name EUROSPEECH 2003 INTERSPEECH 2003 cite conference url http www.isca speech.org archive eurospeech 2003 e03 0033.html http www.isca speech.org archive archive papers eurospeech 2003 e03 0033.pdf title Person Authentication by Voice A Need for Caution publisher isca speech.org accessdate February 21, 2012 author Jean Francois Bonastre 1 , Fr d ric Bimbot 2 , Louis Jean Boe 3 , Joseph P. Campbell 4 , Douglas A. Reynolds 4 , Ivan Magrin Chagnolleau 5 booktitle Person Authentication by Voice A Need for Caution year 2003 month September conference 8th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology location Geneva, Switzerland ref ref name Experimental phonetics cite book title Experimental phonetics publisher MSS Information Corporation author Pollack, Pickett, Sumby year 1974 pages 251 258 isbn 0 8422 5149 9 ref ref name Familiar voice recognition Patterns and parameters. Part I Recognition of backward voices cite web url http ... title Familiar voice recognition Patterns and parameters. Part I Recognition of backward voices publisher ... pages 19 38 ref ref name Macmillan Brit. def of voice recognition cite web url http www.macmillandictionary.com dictionary british voice recognition title British English definition of voice recognition publisher Macmillan Publishers Limited. accessdate February 21, 2012 ref ref name Voice recognition ... title voice recognition, definition of publisher WebFinance, Inc accessdate February 21, 2012 ref ... of who is speaking, rather than what they are saying. Speaker recognition Recognizing the speaker can .... Voice Recognition is often confused with Speech Recognition , which is the translation of spoken words speech into text. But the identification of who is speaking is not the same activity as the recognition of what words are being spoken. See also Speaker recognition References reflist Signal processing stub Category Speech recognition Category Speaker recognition ... more details
Diplomatic recognition in public international law international law is a unilateral political act with domestic ... or status of another state or government in control of a state may be also an unrecognised state . Recognition ... government. Recognition of states and governments Diplomatic recognition must be distinguished from recognition of states and their governments. ref See Stefan Talmon, Recognition of Governments in International ... not recognize or treat one another as states. A state is not required to accord formal recognition .... States can exercise their recognition powers either explicitly or implicitly. ref See for example ..., 1990, ISBN 0314301380, 202 Recognition or Acceptance of States and 203 Recognition or Acceptance of Governments and 204 Recognition and Maintaining Diplomatic Relations ref The recognition of a government implies recognition of the state it governs, but vice versa, it works the same way. De facto recognition of states, rather than de jure, is rare. De jure recognition is stronger, while de facto recognition is more tentative and recognizes only that a government exercises control over a territory ... jure recognition. Also, the Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is generally recognized ... of the People s Republic of China in 1971. Renewing recognition of a government is not necessary ... in the case of a coup d etat or revolution . Recognition of a new government by other states can ... by either Pakistan or the People s Republic of China , but is recognized by Russia . Recognition .... If implicit recognition is possible, a state may feel the need to explicitly proclaim that its acts do not constitute diplomatic recognition, like when the United States commenced its dialogue with the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1988. The doctrine of non recognition of illegal or immoral .... Withdrawal of recognition of a government is a more severe act of disapproval than the breaking of diplomatic relations . Recognition of governments Besides recognizing other states, states also ... more details
Optical wireless is the combined use of opticaloptical fiber optical fibre and wireless radio radio frequency communication to provide telecommunications telecommunication to clusters of end points which are geographically distant. The high capacity optical fibre is used to span the longest distances, and a lower cost wireless link carries the signal for the last mile to nearby users. Sources http searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid40 gci760820,00.html Definition Optical Wireless , SearchMobileComputuing website. Optical communication Telecommunications telecom stub Category Optical communications Category Local loop ... more details
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