Image Osmeterium.JPG thumb right Second or third instar caterpillar of Papilio glaucus showing osmeterium Image 01 chenille machaon detail .jpg thumb left Close up of the osmeterium Image Osmeterium1.JPG thumb left Close up of the osmeterium The osmeterium is a fleshy organ found in the prothorax prothoracic segment of larva e caterpillars of Swallowtail butterfly Swallowtail butterflies including Birdwing s. This organ emits smelly compounds believed to be pheromones . Normally hidden, this forked structure can be everted when the caterpillar is threatened, and used to emit a foul smelling secretion containing terpenes . These chemicals vary from species to species. ref Eisner, T., and Y.C. Meinwald. 1965. The defensive secretions of a caterpillar Papilio . Science 150 1733 1735. ref The fine structure of the osmeterial glands of Papilio demoleus libanius Fruhstorfer Lepidoptera Papilionidae have been studied and found to have three kinds of cells including ellipsoid gland cells. ref Lu, Chow Chin Yien Shing Chow 1991 Fine structure of the larval osmeterium of Papilio demoleus libanius Lepidoptera papilionidae . Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 84 3 294 302. ref References references External links commons category http tolweb.org Papilionidae Tree of Life Category Papilionidae Category Insect anatomy Papilionidae stub insect anatomy stub af Osmaterium ca Osmeteri de Osmaterium es Osmeterium fr Osmeterium ja sk Osmeterium ... more details
Japanese name Iwasaki nihongo Iwasaki Tsunemasa also Kan en extra 1786 1842 was a Japan Japanese botanist , zoologist and entomologist Iwasaki Tsunemasa was a samurai in the service of the Tokugawa shogunate . He wrote Buk sanbutsu shi a work on the natural history of the Edo district including botany zoology and entomology as lists. Honz Zufu Iconographia Plantarum or Diagrams and Chronicles of Botany a Ukiyo e woodblock illustrated work 1828, 1884 , 1920 , 1921 in 93 volumes .Plants only. Honz Sen y Essentials to the study of plants and animals . Unpublished .Two volumes includes insects and gives some Dutch language Dutch names.Some editions include the Binomial nomenclature introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. S moka sodategusta Cultivation of Flowering Plants . Two volumes of woodcut illustrations 1818 .Includes 13 Ukiyo e of insects which cause plant damage.One was Papilio xuthus which fed on fragrant Yuzu citrus .He described the larva with its osmeterium . References Ueno Masuzo year? Japanese entomology in the first half of the nineteenth century Japanese journal of entomology Vol.27, No.1 19590315 pp. 4 9 The Entomological Society of Japan ISSN 09155805 Persondata NAME Iwasaki Tsunemasa ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1786 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1842 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Iwasaki, Tsunemasa Category Japanese entomologists Category 1786 births Category 1842 deaths Japan scientist stub entomologist stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Asian swallowtail br Chinese yellow swallowtail br Xuthus swallowtail image Papilio xuthus 070707.jpg image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Swallowtail Butterfly Papilionidae genus Papilio species P. xuthus binomial Papilio xuthus binomial authority Carl Linnaeus Linnaeus , 1767 Papilio xuthus , also known as the Asian Swallowtail , Chinese Yellow Swallowtail , or as the Xuthus swallowtail , is a middle to large sized Swallowtail Butterfly swallowtail butterfly found in northeast Asia , Korea , Japan, and Hawaii . Description A mid sized, yellow, prominently tailed butterfly. It has a wingspan of 45 to 55 mm. Range Northern Myanmar , southern China , Japan from Hokkaid to Yaeyama Islands , Taiwan , Guam , Ogasawarashoto , Korean Peninsula , maritime province of Siberia , and the Hawaiian Islands . ref name Threatened Similar species Old World Swallowtail Papilio machaon has similar shape and coloring, however, caterpillar has very different coloring. Status Common and not threatened. ref name Threatened cite book title Threatened Swallowtails of the World the IUCN red data book last1 Collins first N. Mark last2 Collins first2 Michael G. authorlink series IUCN Protected Area Programme Series year 1985 publisher IUCN location Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. isbn 9782880326036 page 95 pages 401 & 8 plates url http books.google.co.in books?id RomV7uO t9YC accessdate 22 October 2010 ref Habitat Papilio xuthus is common in urban, suburban, woods, and orange orchards. Life cycle The caterpillar of P. xuthus is very similar to the caterpillar of the Spangle Papilio protenor , however, the color of the osmeterium of P. xuthus is orange yellow, and the color of the osmeterium of P. protenor is ruby red. The pupa is usually green or brown depending on the roughness of the perch. Pupa tion takes place after the larval duration of 2 weeks. gallery File Papilio xuthus Larva 2011 10 15.jpg ... more details
the osmeterium . When in danger, the osmeterium , which looks like a snake s tongue, everts and releases ... ready to pupate File Black swallowtail osmeterium.JPG Osmeterium visible after slight provacation File ... more details
horn on the osmeterium which the larva extrudes when irritated. This secretes an unpleasant smelling ..., mottled black and white and smoky grey. The osmeterium is flesh coloured. The young larva lies ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Citrus swallowtail image Citrus Swallowtail Papilio demodocus.jpg image2 Papilio demodocus 1.JPG regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Papilionidae genus Papilio species P. demodocus binomial Papilio demodocus binomial authority Eugen Johann Christoph Esper Esper , 1798 Papilio demodocus , also known as the citrus swallowtail , is a large swallowtail butterfly common to sub Saharan Africa . It is a pest species, the caterpillar feeding on citrus trees. Life cycle Citrus swallowtails pass through approximately three generations per year. Eggs are laid singly on citrus tree leaves. Eggs Female butterflies lay their eggs singly on citrus leaves. After about six days, the egg hatches into an immature larva . Immature larva The immature larvae are black, yellow, and white with spikes. Their coloration provides effective camouflage , as they resemble bird droppings. They grow to a length of 10 or 15 mm before changing into mature larvae. Mature larva Mature larvae are green with white or pink markings and automimicry eyespots . They grow to a maximum length of about 45 mm. Mature caterpillars lack the camouflage of their immature state. Instead, when threatened by a bird or other predator, they produce a forked, orange coloured organ known as an osmeterium . The organ emits a strong smell which acts as a discouragement to the predator. Pupa The caterpillars attach themselves to branches with silk , transforming into pupa e. They remain in the pupal form for 2 3 weeks before emerging as adults. Adult Image Citrus Swallowtail.jpg thumb 250px left Royal Mile, Budongo W. Uganda Image Papilio Demodocus Citrus Swallowtail Zanzibar.jpg thumb Nungwi, Zanzibar Adult butterflies have black and yellow markings with red and blue butterfly Polymorphism eyespots . Female butterflies tend to be larger than males. Natural enemies Citrus swallowtail eggs and pupae are known to be parasitoid parasitised by certain ... more details
can erect a reddish orange coloured, osmeterium from behind the head which releases a citrus like ... hits the predator. The secretion is usually composed of an irritant butyric acid . The osmeterium ... more details
main List of butterflies of North America Image Black Swallowtail Chrysalis Megan McCarty33.jpg thumb Black Swallowtail chrysalis, Papilio polyxenes . Swallowtails are the largest butterflies . They range in size from 2.5 6.4 inches 6.5 16.5 cm . There are about 600 species worldwide with about 31 species in North America. All Swallowtails have tails on their Hindwing hind wings except the Parnassians . Their flight is slow and gliding but, when disturbed, their flight can be quite strong and rapid. They like to feed on various flowers, dung, and urine, and males like to puddle on damp ground. Most male Swallowtails locate females by patrolling, and some males perch. The egg biology eggs are round and usually laid singly on different kinds of Hostplant host plants . The larva e have a reddish orange forked gland, called an osmeterium , stored just behind the head. When frightened, the larva thrusts the gland out releasing a foul odor that will sometimes deter a predator. Many young Swallowtail larvae resemble bird droppings. The chrysalis of most species is brown or green and looks like a leaf or branch. It is held upright by a silken loop around the middle called a girdle . The Swallowtails overwinter as a chrysalis. Subfamily Parnassiinae Parnassians Image Incredibilis DSC 3507.JPG thumb Male Clodius Parnassian, Parnassius clodius . Eversmann s Parnassian, Parnassius eversmanni Clodius Parnassian, Parnassius clodius Phoebus Parnassian, Parnassius phoebus Phoebus Phoebus Parnassian, Parnassius phoebus phoebus Rocky Mountain Parnassian, Parnassius phoebus smintheus Sierra Nevada Parnassian, Parnassius phoebus behri Subfamily Papilioninae Swallowtails Image Male Pipevine Swallowtail Megan McCarty06.jpg thumb Male Pipevine Swallowtail, Battus philenor . Image Zebra Swallowtail Megan McCarty10.jpg thumb Zebra Swallowtail, Eurytides marcellus . Image Male Eastern Tiger Swallowtail Megan McCarty09.jpg thumb Male Eastern Tiger Swallowtail, Papilio glaucus , on Buddleia da ... more details
by P. canadensis . ref name TNC Defense against predators File Osmeterium cropped.jpg thumb 120px A caterpillar with an everted osmeterium. The first three instars of the caterpillar are bird dropping ..., the caterpillar of P. glaucus possesses an osmeterium , an orange, fleshy organ that emits foul smelling terpene s to repel predators. Normally hidden, the osmeterium is located on the first segment ... issue 3704 ref The combination of eyespots and osmeterium makes the caterpillar resemble ... more details
Taxobox name Common Jay image RN017 Graphium doson.jpg image width 240px regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Papilionidae genus Graphium butterfly Graphium species G. doson binomial Graphium doson binomial authority Cajetan Freiherr von Felder C&R Felder , 1864 Image Common Jay Graphium doson on Singapur Cherry Muntingia calabura W IMG 9602.jpg thumb left on Singapur Cherry Muntingia calabura in Hyderabad, India . The Common Jay Graphium doson is a black, tropical swallowtail butterfly papilionid butterfly with pale blue semi transparent central wing bands that are formed by large spots. There is a marginal series of smaller spots. The underside of wings is brown with markings similar to upperside but whitish in color. The sexes look alike. Range Image Common Blue Bottle I IMG 8906.jpg left thumb Mud puddling in Kolkata , West Bengal , India . It is widespread and common throughout Southeast Asia , including lower elevations in Sri Lanka and Southern India , Eastern Ghats , Satpuras , Bengal and Assam, and the Himalaya n foothills. The species is however scarce in southern Honsh , Japan . Habitat Common in thick, riparian, moist, deciduous, semi evergreen and evergreen forests. Habits The Common Jay is active throughout the day and constantly on the move it rarely settles down. Its flight is swift and straight. Life cycle Eggs Image Commonjay egg sec.jpg thumb left Egg The spherical and pale yellow eggs are laid singly on the underside of leaves. Larva Image Commonjay cat sec1.jpg thumb Caterpillar The caterpillar is somewhat spindle shaped. The grown caterpillars have two forms, dark brown or grassy green. There are spines on the 4th segment which are short, conicle and blue centered surrounded by lemmon yellow and then black rings. The osmeterium is pale bluish green. It is extruded only reluctantly. Pupa Image Commonjay pupa sec.jpg thumb left Pupa The pupa is pale green with a dark purplish median line from the head to ... more details
head. ref name Carolina Nature The osmeterium of the caterpillar also helps to enhance the resemblance to a snake. When attacked, the larvae will expose the osmeterium, a y shaped organ typically folded up within the caterpillar. ref name Carolina Nature For many Spicebush Swallowtails, the osmeterium ... more details
s possess a unique organ behind their heads, called the osmeterium . Normally hidden, this forked ... thickened above. The second segment has a transverse opening, out of which the larva can protrude at will an osmeterium ... The presence of the osmeterium , a forked, fleshy eversible organ found in the prothoracic segment ... detail .jpg Old World Swallowtail caterpillar everting its osmeterium in defense. File Papilionidae ... more details
, birdwing caterpillars possess a retractable organ behind their heads called an osmeterium . Shaped like the forked tongue of a snake , the osmeterium excretes a fetid terpene based compound ... more details
caterpillar everting its osmeterium in defense Plants contain toxins which protect them from herbivores ... larvae produce bad smells from extrudable glands called osmeterium osmeteria . Caterpillars can evade ... more details
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