Multiple issues unreferenced August 2009 orphan August 2009 Vacuolar pathway Movement of H sub 2 sub O in plant cell s via the vacuoles located in the cytoplasm of the cell. The H sub 2 sub O molecules encounter high resistance however and as a result little flow usually occurs making this pathway insignificant, the Apoplast Apoplast pathway and Symplast Symplast pathway being the major pathways for movement of water in plants. Water moves by osmosis across the vacuoles of the cells of the root system. The water moves down a concentration gradient from the soil solution to the xylem. Category Plant physiology ... more details
Orphan date July 2011 Sabols is a trademark drinking water product ref cite news title Sabols to expand product range, market reach url http www.thehindubusinessline.com 2008 04 25 stories 2008042551741200.htm work Business Line date 25 April 2008 accessdate 27 July 2010 ref from Aasheerwath Enterprise, Thiruvallur , Tamil Nadu , India . It is considered as one of the leading mineral water brands in Tamil Nadu. Sabols water is uv treated, ozonized and goes under the process of reverse osmosis. After Aquafina, sabols is the most best and purified water in India. References reflist Category Indian beverage brands ... more details
For the broadcaster Mark E. Hyman Marc Hyman wrote the Warner Bros. Film movie Osmosis Jones ref cite news title He Had More Than the Germ of a Good Idea Movies Osmosis Jones writer Marc Hyman enjoys a rare distinction today getting sole credit for a feature. newspaper Los Angeles Times author Gary Dretzka date Aug 10, 2001 page F.14 ref and developed the movie s spin off Ozzy & Drix . His writing credits include Universal Pictures Meet the Fockers ref cite news url http www.seattlepi.com tvguide 421344 tvgif7.html accessdate 2010 06 20 title Matthew McConaughey Teams Up With FX For Scripted Comedy author Kate Stanhope date Monday, June 7, 2010 newspaper Seattle Post Intelligencer Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref and Paramount s The Perfect Score . Marc has written TV pilots for Kelsey Grammer and Matthew McConaughey and has rewritten more than 40 produced movies including, How To Train Your Dragon , and Madagascar 3 and 4 His most recent project is Short People, a talking baby musical for 20 Century Fox. ref cite news newspaper Variety magazine Variety date Fri., Jan. 30, 2004 title The Perfect Score author Brian Lowry accessdate 2010 06 20 url http www.variety.com review VE1117922962.html?categoryid 31&cs 1 ref References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Hyman, Marc ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marchy Man SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH Hollywood, CA DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Hyman, Marc Category Living people Category Year of birth missing living people Category Place of birth missing living people Category Film writers screen writer stub film bio stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Natriuresis is the process of excretion of sodium in the urine via action of the kidney s. Natriuresis is promoted more sodium is excreted by Brain natriuretic peptide Brain and Atrial natriuretic peptide s, and it is inhibited sodium is conserved by chemicals such as aldosterone . Natriuresis lowers the concentration of sodium in the blood and also tends to lower blood volume because osmosis osmotic forces make water follow sodium out of the body s systemic circulation blood circulation and into the urine. Many diuretic medications drug s take advantage of this mechanism to treat medical conditions like hypernatremia and hypertension . Excess natriuresis can be caused by Medullary cystic disease Bartter syndrome Diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis Some diuretics Primary renal diseases Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion Renal physiology Category Renal physiology Biology stub ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 BranchFrom Efferent arteriole BranchTo Interlobular vein Vein Supplies MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre c 06 DorlandsSuf 13477736 In the renal system, peritubular capillaries are tiny blood vessels that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron. Ions and minerals that need to be saved in the body are reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries through active transport , secondary active transport, or transcytosis . The ions that need to be excreted as waste are secreted from the capillaries into the nephron to be sent towards the urinary bladder bladder and out of the body. The majority of exchange through the peritubular capillaries occurs because of chemical gradients, osmosis and Na pump s. External links BUHistology 16016loa GeorgiaPhysiology 7 7ch03 7ch03p10 Renal Vasculature Efferent Arterioles & Peritubular Capillaries UCDavisOrganology Urinary mammal vasc0 vasc4 Mammal, renal vasculature EM, Low circulatory stub Kidney Category Kidney anatomy fr Capillaires p ritubulaires it Capillari peritubulari ja ... more details
Osmotherapy is a medical treatment, using intravenous injection or oral administration of an agent to induce dehydration . The goal of dehydration is to reduce the amount of accumulated fluid in the brain. ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com Osmotherapy Medical dictionary ref The earliest description in medical literature dates back to 1919. ref Wolf AL, Levi L, Marmarou A, Ward JD, Muizelaar PJ, Choi S, et al Effect of THAM upon outcome in severe head injury a randomized prospective clinical trial. J Neurosurg 78 54 59, 1993 ref Etymology The word comes from combining the words osmosis , and therapy . Treatment Osmotherapy can be used to treat cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral edema . This can include the use of mannitol to maintain the brain s homeostasis . ref http www.medscape.com viewarticle 559004 5 Medical Management of Cerebral Edema Osmotherapy Use ref External links References Reflist Category Medical treatments Category Neurology procedures Category Therapy treatment stub ca Osmoter pia ru ... more details
Desalination Unit aims to solve Central Australian water problems ref The Reverse Osmosis Solar ... osmosis. ROSI can also remove trace contaminants such as arsenic and uranium that may cause certain ... nanofiltration and reverse osmosis in the second stage of purification, which removes salts and trace ... more details
orphan date May 2008 primarysources date July 2008 The International Humic Substances Society IHSS is a scientific society that seeks to advance knowledge and research of natural organic matter NOM in soil and water. It was founded in Denver, Colorado , USA, on September 11, 1981 by scientists who saw a need for a society to bring together scientists in the coal , soil, and water sciences with interest in humic substances, and to provide opportunities for them to exchange ideas. Currently the society has about 900 members. The IHSS maintains a collection of standard and reference samples of humic acid humic and fulvic acid s from lignite , fresh water, a mineral soil, and organic soils plus reverse osmosis NOM from fresh waters that has not been fractionated. These material are used by research scientists around the world. The IHSS convenes biennial international conferences, which bring together scientists from the soil, coal, freshwater, and marine sciences. External links http www.ihss.gatech.edu Official web site Category Soil science ... more details
unreferenced date July 2009 Homogenization cell biology is a process that involves breaking apart cells releasing organelles and cytoplasm . When the purpose is to extract organelle s, it is frequently done in two steps first using a blender device blender to break the Biological tissue tissue up, and then with an ultrasound ultrasonic or mechanical tissue disruptor. The organelles are then generally separated using differential centrifugation . Depending upon the subcellular fractionation subcellular fraction wanted, different processes are used to separate them. When the aim is to extract nucleic acid s, the tissue is often ground in a mortar and pestle under liquid nitrogen . Sometimes, however, a much milder procedure is followed, where the aim is to collect whole, intact cells. Homogenized cells must be kept at low temperatures to prevent autolysis and kept in an isotonic solution to prevent osmosis osmotic damage. DEFAULTSORT Homogenization Biology Category Cell anatomy Category Cell biology Category Laboratory techniques ... more details
Wikify date April 2012 Orphan date April 2012 In ecological view, pressure volume curves describe the relationship between total water potential t and relative water content R of living organs. They are widely used in research on plant water relations and provide valuable information on the turgor , osmosis osmotic and elastic properties of plant tissues. According to the Boyle&ndash v ant Hoff Relation, the product of osmotic potential and volume of solution should be a constant for any given amount of osmotically active solutes in an ideal osmotic system. math psi 0 mathit V math A constant math psi 0 math is osmotic potential and math mathit V math is volume of solution. This can then be manipulated to a linear relation which describes the ideal situation math psi 0 math math dfrac 1 V times math A constant Category Membrane biology ... more details
of reverse osmosis , thin film composite membrane s TFC or TFM are used. These are semipermeable ... used in reverse osmosis are, in general, made out of polyimide , chosen primarily for its permeability ... of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis . References reflist ... more details
In plants, the transpiration stream is the uninterrupted stream of water, and other, which is taken up by the roots and, via the xylem vessels, transported to the leaves where it will eventually evaporate into the air apoplast interface of the substomatal cavity . It is driven in by capillary action and in some plants root pressure . The main driving factor is the difference in water potential between the soil and the substomatal cavity caused by transpiration . Transpiration Transpiration can be regulated through stomatal closure or opening causing water to move out and evaporate on the leaf , while air flows in. It allows for plants to efficiently transport water up to their highest body organs, regulate the temperature of stem and leaves during heat generating photosynthesis and it allows for upstream signaling such as the dispersal of an apoplastic alkalinization during local oxidative stress . A very quick summary of this is Soil Root s and Root Hair Xylem Leaves Air Osmosis The water passes from the soil to the root by osmosis. This is helped by the root hairs shape as they are long and thin, they maximise the surface area, meaning that more water can enter into the root hairs than if their surface area were smaller. There is greater water potential in the soil than in the cytoplasm of the root hair cells. As the cells surface membrane of the root hair cell is semi permeable, osmosis can take place and water passes from the soil to the root hairs. The next stage in the transpiration stream is water passing to the xylem vessels. The water either goes through the cortex cells between the root cells and the xylem vessels or it bypasses them going through their cell walls. After this, the water moves up the xylem vessels to the leaves through diffusion A pressure change between the top and bottom of the vessel. Diffusion takes place because there is a concentration gradient between water in the xylem vessel and the leaf as water is transpiring out of the leaf . Th ... more details
Thin film Thin film composite material composite artificial membrane membranes TFC or TFM are semipermeable membrane s manufactured principally for use in water purification or water desalination systems. They also have use in chemical applications such as battery electricity batteries and fuel cell s. Essentially, a TFC material is a molecular sieve constructed in the form of a film from two or more layered materials. Membranes used in reverse osmosis are typically made out of polyamide , chosen primarily for its permeability to water and relative impermeability to various dissolved impurities including salt chemistry salt ions and other small, unfilterable molecule s. History The first viable reverse osmosis membrane was made from cellulose acetate as an integrally skinned asymmetric semi permeable membrane. This membrane was made by Loeb and Sourirajan at University of California, Los Angeles UCLA in 1959 and patented in 1960. The current generation of reverse osmosis RO membrane materials are based on a composite material patented by FilmTec FilmTec Corporation in 1970. FilmTec s FT30 membrane is known as a polyamide thin film composite membrane. Structure and materials As is suggested by the name, TFC membranes are composed of multiple layers. Membranes designed for desalination use an active thin film layer of polyimide layered with polysulfone as a porous support layer. Other materials, usually zeolites , are also used in the manufacture of TFC membranes. Applications Thin film composite membranes are used in Water purification as a chemical reaction buffer solution buffer batteries and fuel cells in industrial gas separations. Limitations Thin film composites membranes typically suffer from compaction effects under pressure. As the water pressure increases, the polymers are slightly reorganized into a tighter fitting structure that results in a lower porosity, ultimately limiting the efficiency of the system designed to use them. In general, the higher the p ... more details
Giraudy Lewis Keogh and Steve Hillage Lewis Keogh, Steve Hillage and Adam Wren 7 The Osmosis Suite ... and Miquette Giraudy Mickey Mann and Steve Hillage 8 The Osmosis Suite Hanger 84 06 10 rowspan 2 Steve Hillage and Adam Wren 9 The Osmosis Suite Chicago Indian 05 20 10 Mektoub 07 09 Martin Glover Youth ... more details
Multiple issues citation style December 2011 wikify November 2010 refimprove December 2010 Sidney Loeb 1917 2008 ref http www.chemistry.org.il booklet 8 pdf sidney.pdf Weintraub, Bob. Sidney Loeb, Bulletin of the Israel Chemical Society, Dec. 2001, issue 8, page 8 9. ref ref http web.bgu.ac.il NR rdonlyres 8D51BE58 8C69 448B 91AE 37E333D29B5B 67652 SidneyLoeb.pdf ref ref http gwri ic.technion.ac.il pdf gwri abstracts 2010 11.pdf ref was the chemical engineer who made reverse osmosis ro practical by developing, together with Srinivasa Sourirajan, semi permeable anisotropic membranes. Loeb invented the power generating process pressure retarded osmosis pro and the method of producing power by a reverse electrodialysis heat engine, among other inventions in related fields. Loeb earned his M.Sc. 1959 and Ph.D. 1964 degrees from the University of California at Los Angeles . It was in the course of his M.Sc. thesis research that the Loeb Sourirajan membrane breakthrough was achieved. ref US Patent 3,133,132. ref In 1967 Loeb came to Beersheva to teach RO technology at the Negev Institute for Arid Zone Research, later incorporated into the Institutes for Applied Research of the Ben Gurion University of the Negev BGU . Loeb stayed in Beersheva three years, left, and later accepted a half time teaching and half time research position as Professor of Chemical Engineering at the newly established BGU. For 15 years at BGU Loeb carried out research and taught membrane processes, desalination, and other subjects, and retired in 1986. It was at BGU that Loeb invented pressure retarded osmosis ref Israel Patent Application 42658 of July 3, 1973. see also US patent 3,906,250 granted September 16, 1975. Erroneously shows Israel priority as 1974 instead of 1973 . ref and the method of producing power by a reverse electrodialysis heat engine. ref US Patent 4,171,409 ref References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Loeb, Sidney ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTI ... more details
a lower salt concentration than the cell interior . Cytolysis is caused by excessive osmosis , or movement ... pressure of the water inside, and so it explode s. Osmosis occurs from a region of high water ... plants due to the loss of water through osmosis . In a Tonicity Hypertonicity hypertonic environment ... wilt and die unless the flow of water caused by osmosis can stop the contraction of the cell membrane ... more details
gradient power Image Blue energy mechanism.png thumb right Pressure retarded osmosis Salinity gradient ... power generations exist but one of the most commonly discussed is Pressure Retarded Osmosis PRO ... the electrical energy. Osmosis might be used directly to pump fresh water out of The Netherlands ... retarded osmosis One method to utilize salinity gradient energy is called pressure retarded osmosis . ref http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6TGK 4MDGP8H 1& user 607017& rdoc ... Salinity gradient power Evaluation of pressure retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis ... town within five years by osmosis. At first it will produce a minuscule 4 kilowatts enough to heat a large ... Portal box Energy Sustainable development Forward osmosis Electrodialysis reversal EDR Reversed electrodialysis Reverse osmosis Semipermeable membrane Green energy Renewable energy Fugacity Concentration ... meets fresh water ?searchterm osmosis Nordic Energy Solutions Ocean energy Fuel cells Category Fuel ... osmotique gl Enerx a azul id Sumber energi osmosis air it Energia a gradiente salino nl Blauwe energie ... more details
polymer ic nanofiltration in conjunction with a reverse osmosis process to treat brackish groundwater. These tests produced potable water, but as the researchers expected, the reverse osmosis removed ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 August 2001 January 2001 January February 2001 February March 2001 March April 2001 April May 2001 May June 2001 June July 2001 July August September 2001 September October 2001 October November 2001 November December 2001 December Events August 1, 2001 Law goes into effect in Germany legalizing same sex registered partnership s. August 2, 2001 Robert Mueller confirmed as the new FBI director. August 6, 2001 Died Dick Rehbein , in his second year as a quarterbacks coach for the New England Patriots in the NFL , dies of heart failure at the age of 45. August 9, 2001 US President George W. Bush announces his support for federal funding of limited research on embryonic stem cell s. August 10, 2001 Film Osmosis Jones played by Chris Rock , starring Bill Murray August 24, 2001 Film Bubble Boy film Bubble Boy August 25, 2001 Died Aaliyah , contemporary R&B and pop music pop singer, dies in a plane crash at the age of 22. Events by month links Category August 2001 Category 2001 2001 08 de August 2001 fa fr Ao t 2001 ko 2001 8 nl Augustus 2001 sk August 2001 uk 2001 ... more details
wiktionary pro pro PRO PRO may refer to Professional , abbreviation for either a person in a profession or in sports .pro , a sponsored generic top level domain Pro Theme , an Apple Macintosh GUI Pro Hart 1928 2006 , Australian painter nicknamed Pro for professor PRO PRO as an acronym or abbreviation may refer to Patient reported outcome , in clinical trials. Pension rernas riksorganisation , the Swedish National Pensioners Organisation . Performance rights organisation . Producer Responsibility Organisation . Pasadena Roof Orchestra , a contemporary band from England. PRO category theory , a construction in mathematics. PRO linguistics , an empty category whose existence is postulated in classical Government and Binding Theory. Propuesta Republicana , known as PRO, a political party in Argentina. Public Record Office , of the United Kingdom. Public Relations Officer , corporate communications officer . Pressure Retarded Osmosis . Provincial Research Organization PRO refers to Provincial Research Organization, a Canadian applied research entity. See also lookfrom pro intitle pro intitle pro The Pro disambiguation An abbreviation for the amino acid proline Mac Pro , workstation computer by Apple MacBook Pro , laptop computer by Apple disambiguation de Pro es Pro eo PRO fa PRO fr Pro it PRO ja no Pro pl PRO ro Pro sv Pro uk ... more details
of all his more important biological papers. He investigated and described osmosis , ref Henri Dutrochet ... and cells in plants and the actual discovery of the process of osmosis. His early researches into the voice ... cite journal last Pickstone first J V authorlink year 1977 month June title Absorption and osmosis ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Zona glomerulosa Latin GraySubject 277 GrayPage 1278 Image Gray1185.png Caption Layers of cortex. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre z 01 DorlandsSuf 12869730 Unreferenced date June 2011 The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland is the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex, lying directly beneath the adrenal gland s capsule. Its cells are ovoid in shape and are arranged in clusters or arches glomus is Latin language Latin for ball . In response to increased potassium levels, renin or decreased blood flow to the kidneys, cells of the zona glomerulosa produce and secrete the mineralocorticoid aldosterone into the blood as part of the renin angiotensin system . Aldosterone regulates the body s concentration of electrolyte s, primarily sodium and potassium, by acting on the distal convoluted tubule of kidney nephron s to increase sodium reabsorption increase potassium excretion increase water reabsorption through osmosis The enzyme aldosterone synthase acts in this location. Image Adrenal gland zona glomerulosa .JPG thumb 200px left adrenal gland zona glomerulosa layer . External links BUHistology 14502loa AnatomyAtlasesMicroscopic 15 292 Adrenal Gland Adrenal gland Category Glands Category Abdomen Category Endocrine system es Zona glomerular it Zona glomerulare tl Zona glomerulosa ... more details
Refimprove date February 2010 desalination Solar desalination is a technique to desalination desalinate water using solar energy . Solar desalination in the modern era extends back to the early 1950s when simple solar still s were studied for remote desert and coast al communities ref E Delyannis, 2003, Historic background of desalination and renewable energies, Solar Energy. http dx.doi.org 10.1016 j.solener.2003.08.002 ref . However, because of inexpensive water pumps and pipelines and declining energy costs in the 20th century, solar stills have become less of a viable solution for these community scale projects. This trend is currently reversed again, because all of the fossil resources required for 20th century desalination are becoming scarce. Many desalination plants have begun retrofitting and new sustainable technologies, which can also serve as decentralized utilities are being developed by many specialized companies. Types of solar desalination Solar power can be used directly to desalinate water thermally or it can be converted into electricity. Electrically and mechanically driven systems utilize reverse osmosis. Reverse Osmosis Main Reverse osmosis Reverse osmosis is a pressure driven process that forces the separation of fresh water from other constituents through a semipermeable membrane . This is the preferred method in large scale desalination implementations where electricity is cheaply available. Solar Humidification Dehumidification Main Solar humidification The solar humidification dehumidification HDH process also called the multiple effect humidification dehumidification process, solar multistage condensation evaporation cycle SMCEC or multiple effect humidification MEH ref The MEH Method in German with english abstract http mediatum2.ub.tum.de node?id 601861 Solar Desalination using the MEH method, Diss. Technical University of Munich ref , is a technique that mimics the natural water cycle on a shorter time frame by evaporation evaporating ... more details
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