defined an outlier as blockquote An outlying observation, or outlier, is one that appears to deviate ... be that some observations are far from the center of the data. Outlier points can therefore indicate ..., an outlier could be the result of a flaw in the assumed theory, calling for further investigation ... mathematical definition of what constitutes an outlier determining whether or not an observation is an outlier is ultimately a subjective exercise. Outlier detection ref Peter Rousseeuw Rousseeuw, P. and Leroy, A. 1996, Robust Regression and Outlier Detection. John Wiley & Sons., 3rd ... from data. Outlier detection can identify system faults and fraud before they escalate with potentially catastrophic consequences. The original outlier detection methods were arbitrary but now, principled ... . There are three fundamental approaches to the problem of outlier detection Type 1 Determine ... 3 math are the lower and upper quartile s respectively, then one could define an outlier to be any observation ... as outliers or non outliers. Working with outliers The choice of how to deal with an outlier ... to model data with naturally occurring outlier points. Exclusion Deletion of outlier data ... known. An outlier resulting from an instrument reading error may be excluded but it is desirable ... and beyond publisher Vieweg Teubner year 2010 isbn 978 3 8348 1022 9 External links MathWorld Outlier author Renze, John SpringerEOM id O o110080 title Outlier first1 N. last1 Balakrishnan first2 ... eu Muturreko datu fr Donn e aberrante it Outlier he nl Uitbijter ja pl Obserwacja odstaj ca pt Outlier ru ... more details
Outlier is a statistical term. Outlier or Outliers can also refer to Outliers book Outliers book , by Malcolm Gladwell Outlier ballet Outlier ballet , by Wayne McGregor Exclave , a geopolitical term Polynesian outlier , culturally Polynesian islands which lie in Melanesia and Micronesia Inliers and outliers geology , a geological term Anomaly detection in data mining Disambiguation ... more details
islands. date December 2011 Language The outlier groups in Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, and the northern ... Samoic language family , which is sometimes called the Samoan Outlier language family for this reason. It is a sub branch of the Nuclear Polynesian languages . In some of these islands, the outlier ... distinguish the Polynesian outlier islands of the group. Of the four Polynesian outliers considered ... A Polynesian outlier bibliography Polynesia Category Diasporas Category Polynesian outliers ... more details
Use mdy dates date October 2011 about the McGregor ballet Outlier disambiguation Italic title Outlier is a ballet made by Wayne McGregor on New York City Ballet to Thomas Ad s violin concerto Concentric Paths , Op. 24 2005 . The premiere was Saturday, May 14, 2010 at the David H. Koch Theater , Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts Lincoln Center , New York. Concentric Paths , subtitle of the violin concerto, refers to outliers who remain peripheral to actors having a common center,.There is harmonious dance within the circle until an outlier intrudes, conflict among the men with regard to the women. Lighting is coded the mood, red for strong emotions, yellow for tranquil, grey for somber. The grouping of dancers in three movements reflects the triadic nature of the music. Casts original col begin col 3 col 3 Ashley Bouder Sterling Hyltin Maria Kowroski Tiler Peck Wendy Whelan col 3 Adrian Danchig Waring Joaqu n De Luz Robert Fairchild Gonzalo Garcia dancer Gonzalo Garcia Craig Hall dancer Craig Hall Amar Ramasar col end Reviews col begin col 2 http www.nytimes.com 2010 05 17 arts dance 17serenade.html NY Times, Alastair Macaulay , May 16, 2010 col 2 http www.nytimes.com 2011 02 04 arts dance 04nycb.html NY Times, Alastair Macaulay , February 3, 2011 col end External links http www.nycballet.com NYCB website DEFAULTSORT Outlier Ballet Category Ballets by Wayne McGregor Category Ballets to the music of Thomas Ad s Category 2010 ballet premieres Category New York City Ballet repertory ... more details
Taylor Outlier coor dm 85 13 S 90 19 W is a relatively isolated rock lying just in front of the west end of the Bermel Escarpment and about 1.5 nautical miles 2.8 km east of the lower part of Counts Icefall , in the Thiel Mountains . Mapped by United States Geological Survey USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1959 61. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names US ACAN for Alfred R. Taylor USGS geologist, a member of the United States Antarctic Research Program USARP Victoria Land Traverse , 1959 60. usgs gazetteer Category Rock formations in Ellsworth Land EllsworthLand geo stub ... more details
Local outlier factor LOF is an anomaly detection algorithm presented as LOF Identifying Density based Local Outliers by Markus M. Breunig, Hans Peter Kriegel , Raymond T. Ng and J rg Sander. ref cite doi 10.1145 335191.335388 ref The key idea of LOF is comparing the local density of a point s neighborhood with the local density of its neighbors. LOF shares some concepts with DBSCAN and OPTICS algorithm OPTICS such as the concepts of core distance and reachability distance , which are used for local density estimation. Basic idea File LOF idea.svg thumb right 250px Basic idea of LOF comparing the local density of a point with the densities of its neighbors. A has a much lower density than its neighbors. As indicated by the title, the local outlier factor is based on a concept of a local density, where locality is given by math k math nearest neighbors, whose distance is used to estimate the density .... These are considered to be outlier s. The local density is estimated by the typical distance ... neighbors and thus not an outlier . A value below math 1 math indicates a denser region which would ... set. For example, a point at a small distance to a very dense cluster is an outlier, while a point within ... less indicates a clear inlier, but there is no clear rule for when a point is an outlier. In one data set, a value of math 1.1 math may already be an outlier, in another dataset and parameterization ... to improve over LOF in these aspects Feature Bagging for Outlier Detection ref cite doi 10.1145 ... qualities in high dimensions. Local Outlier Probability LoOP ref cite doi 10.1145 1645953.1646195 ... 0 1 math . Interpreting and Unifying Outlier Scores ref cite journal title Interpreting and Unifying Outlier Scores year 2011 authors Hans Peter Kriegel , Peer Kr ger, Erich Schubert, Arthur Zimek ... 2011datamining data papers 018.pdf ref proposes a normalization of the LOF outlier scores to the interval ... Statistical outliers Category Data mining Category Machine learning algorithms de Local Outlier Factor ... more details
Infobox language name Emae nativename states Vanuatu region Emae speakers 400 date 2001 ref e16 familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Polynesian languages Polynesian fam5 Futunic languages Futunic ? fam6 Emaic iso3 mmw Emae is a Polynesian language Polynesian Polynesian outlier outlier language of Vanuatu . References reflist Category Polynesian languages au lang stub ... more details
Cochran test may refer to two different statistical tests Cochran s Q test , a non parametric test that is applied to the analysis of two way randomized block designs with a binary response variable. Cochran s C test , a variance outlier test. disambig ... more details
Cochran s test may refer to two different statistical tests Cochran s Q test , a non parametric test that is applied to the analysis of two way randomized block designs with a binary response variable. Cochran s C test , a variance outlier test. disambig ... more details
Infobox language name West Futunan nativename Erronan region Vanuatu speakers 1500 familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Polynesian languages Polynesian fam5 Futunic languages Futunic ? dia1 Aniwa iso3 fut Futuna Aniwa is the Polynesian language spoken on the Polynesian outlier outlier islands of Futuna Island, Vanuatu Futuna and Aniwa Island Aniwa in Vanuatu . It is also occasionally called West Futunan to distinguish it from East Futunan spoken on Futuna Island, Wallis and Futuna Futuna and Alofi in Wallis and Futuna . References Cite book title West Futuna Aniwa An Introduction to a Polynesian Outlier Language first Janet W. D. last Dougherty publisher University of California Press series University of California publications in linguistics month October year 1983 isbn 0 520 09657 6 url http books.google.fr books?id Md0V YkGacUC&printsec frontcover Category Polynesian languages Category Polynesian outliers Au lang stub fr Futuna aniwa pms Lenga Futuna Aniwa ... more details
The name Mortlock Islands can refer to Nomoi Islands and Upper Mortlock Islands , at coord 5.30 N 153.70 E in the Caroline Islands, Federated States of Micronesia Takuu , a Polynesian outlier atoll at coord 4 45 S 157 2 E , northeast of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea Disambig de Mortlock Inseln ... more details
Infobox language name Anuta states Solomon Islands region Anuta Island. speakers 267 date 1999 familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Polynesian languages Polynesian iso3 aud The Anuta language is a Polynesian languages Polynesian Samoic Outlier languages Outlier language from the island of Anuta in the Solomon Islands . It is closely related to the Tikopia language of the neighboring island of Tikopia . coord 11.61 S 169.85 E display title Category Languages of the Solomon Islands au lang stub de Anutische Sprache fr Anuta langue hr Anuta jezik pms Lenga anuta pt L ngua anuta sm Gagana Anut a ... more details
Use mdy dates date September 2011 See also List of 2009 ballet premieres class wikitable sortable title choreographer composer company venue date Why am I not where you are Benjamin Millepied Thierry Escaich New York City Ballet David H. Koch Theater Thursday, April 29th Outlier ballet Outlier Wayne McGregor Thomas Ad s New York City Ballet David H. Koch Theater Saturday, May 14th Plainspoken Benjamin Millepied David Lang New York City Ballet Center for the Arts, Jackson Hole Friday, August 6th DEFAULTSORT 2010 ballet premieres, List of Ballet Category 2010 ballet premieres 2010 ballet premieres, List of Category Lists of ballet premieres by year Category Lists of 2010s ballet premieres ... more details
Infobox language family name Ellicean altname Ellicean Outlier region Tuvalu , Polynesian outlier s in Micronesia and northern Melanesia familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Pacific languages Central Pacific fam5 Polynesian languages Polynesian fam6 Ellicean Eastern The Ellicean or Ellicean Outlier languages are a group languages spoken in Polynesian outlier s in Micronesia , Papua New Guinea , and the northern Solomon Islands , as well as the languages of Tuvalu . The name comes from the Ellice Islands , the colonial name of Tuvalu. The other Polynesian outlier languages were traditionally classified in sister group of Futunic languages , but Futunic is not well supported as a group. List of Ellicean languages According to a 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database, ref http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php ref the languages are as follows clade label1 Ellicean 1 clade 1 clade 1 Nukuoro language Nukuoro on Nukuoro in the Federated States of Micronesia 2 Kapingamarangi language Kapingamarangi on Kapingamarangi in the FSM 2 clade 1 Takuu language Takuu on Takuu Atoll in the eastern islands of Papua New Guinea 2 clade 1 Ontong Java language Ontong Java or Luangiua on Ontong Java in the Solomon Islands 2 Sikaiana language Sikaiana on Sikaiana in the Solomons Also classified in the past as Ellicean languages, ref Marck, Jeff 2000 , Topics in Polynesian languages and culture history . Canberra Pacific Linguistics ref but not included in the database, are Nukumanu language Nukumanu on Nukumanu in the eastern islands of Papua New Guinea Nuguria language Nuguria or Nukuria on Nuguria in the eastern islands of Papua New Guinea References Reflist Category Languages of Papua New Guinea Category Languages of the Solomon Islands Category Samoic languages ru ... more details
Outlier The Ladentown Outlier is the most northern of the Watchung Outliers, located along the border ... miles north of the maximum extent of the Watchung Mountains at Campgaw Mountain . The outlier is completely ... the Ladentown Outlier and Campgaw Mountain. The hill, primarily composed of trap rock, originally ... Outlier, Union Hill was once considered to be an extension of the Palisades. It was determined ... thickness of 125 ft 38 m . ref name Kummel 1899 . However, by 2011 it was known that the outlier .... The outermost part of the outlier is composed of an elongated arc of Orange Mountain Basalt. Lying ... Mountain Basalt which constitutes the portion of the outlier reduced by quarrying. ref name OFM87 .... http www.state.nj.us dep njgs pricelst ofmap ofm87.pdf Available Online ref New Germantown Outlier The New Germantown Outlier also known as the Oldwick Outlier is the most northern of the outliers south of the Watchung Mountains. The hills of the New Germantown Outlier are located along the border ... Mountain . The structure of the New Germantown Outlier appears to mirror the construction ... of basalt in this outlier is estimated at close to 425 ft 130 m . ref name Olsen Prospect Hill ... sediments apparent. ref name Olsen Dikes branching south from the vicinity of the outlier appear ... Outlier. Sand Brook Outlier The Sand Brook Outlier , located in the eastern part of Delaware Township, New Jersey , appears nearly identical in construction to the New Germantown Outlier. A low ... strata from the Feltville Formation. In the middle of the outlier is a dome like structure of what ... name Olsen ref name STATEGEO 1907 ref name STATEGEO 1897 The thickness of the basalt in this outlier is estimated at nearly 400 ft 120 m , similar to New Germantown. ref name Olsen Jacksonwald Outlier The Jacksonwald Outlier is the only Watchung Outlier in Pennsylvania. It is located over 100 km southwest ... Exeter Township . The outlier shares some similarity with the Sand Brook and New Germantown outliers ... more details
Ediacara can refer to several things The Ediacara Hills are a small outlier of the Flinders Ranges in South Australia. The Ediacaran geological time period, named after the range. The Ediacaran biota , the oldest known complex multicellular life. See also Ediacaria , a fossil of unknown classification. disambig de Ediacara es Ediacara fr Ediacara nl Ediacara ja sv Ediacara ... more details
Svarthausen Nunatak coor dm 69 49 S 74 30 E is a jagged, dark rock nunatak with a small outlier to the southwest, lying on the west side of Polar Times Glacier , about 4 nautical miles 7 km south southeast of Mount Caroline Mikkelsen . Mapped from air photographs by the Lars Christensen Expedition , 1936 37, and named Svarthausen the black crag . usgs gazetteer Category Nunataks of Princess Elizabeth Land PrincessElizabethLand geo stub ... more details
Townrow Peak coor dm 76 38 S 159 35 E is a prominent outlier of the Tilman Ridge in the Allan Hills , Oates Land . Reconnoitered by the New Zealand Antarctic Research Program NZARP Allan Hills Expedition 1964 and named after J.A. Townrow of the University of Tasmania, palaeobotanist with the expedition. usgs gazetteer Category Mountains of Oates Land OatesLand geo stub ... more details
Tether Rock coor dm 79 40 S 156 9 E is a rock outlier 1 nautical mile 1.9 km north of Lindstrom Ridge in the Darwin Mountains . The rock marks the north margin of ice covered Access Slope , a route through the Circle Icefall of upper Darwin Glacier Antarctica Darwin Glacier . Named in association with Lindstrom Ridge, to which Tether Rock appears to be subglacially connected. usgs gazetteer Category Rock formations in Oates Land OatesLand geo stub ... more details
The Cwm Llwyd Fault is a Fault geology fault in the Black Mountains, Wales Black Mountains of South Wales . It moved as a sinistral left lateral strike slip fault during the Variscan Orogeny . Together with the Llwyn Celyn Fault it formed a left stepping offset that created a pull apart basin pull apart structure , which preserved the Cwm Llwyd Outlier of Namurian rocks. ref name Walsh cite journal last Walsh first P.T. coauthors Barclay W.T. & Battiau Queney Y. year 2007 title The Cwm Llwyd Outlier, Carmarthenshire, South West Wales Britain s deepest karstic subsidence or Variscan pull apart structure? journal Geological Journal volume 42 issue 1 pages 1 23 doi 10.1002 gj.1061 ref See also List of geological faults of Wales References Reflist coord missing Wales Category Geology of Wales geology stub Wales geo stub ... more details
Anomaly detection , also referred to as outlier detection ref cite journal author Hans Peter Kriegel , Peer Kr ger, Arthur Zimek title Outlier Detection Techniques Tutorial journal 13th Pacific Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining PAKDD 2009 location Bangkok, Thailand year 2009 url http www.dbs.ifi.lmu.de Publikationen Papers tutorial slides.pdf accessdate 2010 06 05 ref refers to detecting patterns in a given data set that do not conform to an established normal behavior. ref Varun Chandola, Arindam Banerjee, and Vipin Kumar, http www.cs.umn.edu kumar papers anomaly survey.php Anomaly Detection A Survey , ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 41 3 , Article 15, July 2009 ref The patterns thus detected are called anomalies and often translate to critical and actionable information in several application domains. Anomalies are also referred to as outlier s, change, deviation, surprise, aberrant, peculiarity, intrusion, etc. In particular in the context of abuse and network intrusion detection , the interesting objects are often not rare objects, but unexpected bursts in activity. This pattern does not adhere to the common statistical definition of an outlier as a rare object, and many outlier detection methods in particular unsupervised methods will fail on such data, unless ... of outlier detection . Semi supervised anomaly detection techniques construct a model representing ... algorithm k nearest neighbor , Local Outlier Factor ref cite doi 10.1145 335191.335388 ref . One Class Support Vector Machines . Replicator Neural network Neural Networks . Cluster analysis based outlier ... in Intrusion detection is Misuse Detection . Time Series Outlier Detection Parametric tests to find ... method called washer . ref Venturini, Andrea, Time Series Outlier Detection A New Non Parametric ... andreaventurini65 home outlier detection ref For implementing washer methodology you can download ... site andreaventurini65 home outlier detection esempio.R?attredirects 0 ref See also Change detection ... more details
refimprove date October 2007 File Sheldon Stone Circle geograph.org.uk 257888.jpg thumb The Sheldon Stone Circle on the crest of the hill Sheldon Stone Circle is a prehistoric stone circle , located at grid reference gbmappingsmall NJ822249 , to the south east of Oldmeldrum , Aberdeenshire , Scotland . Description Sheldon, sitting like a crown on a ridge may not be a Recumbent stone circles recumbent stone circle as no recumbent stone exists, but the circle is about the right size for one. This stone circle lies about 200m north of a minor road at Sheldon Farm. There are six large stones still standing, plus an equally large outlier close by at the east. The circle appears to be built on a raised platform, and the outlier stands at the end of a peninsula extension of this platform. The stones do not appear to be height graded, and there is no sign of a recumbent or possible flankers, but there are the remains of what could be a ring cairn in the interior. Unless the requisite stones have been selectively removed, this does not seem to be a recumbent circle. ref name stone cite web url http www.megalithics.com scotland sheldon shelmain.htm title Sheldon Recumbent Stone Circle, Aberdeenshire accessdate 2007 10 17 ref The diameter of Sheldon is 32.9m. ref name stone There are no magnetic anomalies. ref name stone Astronomical alignments from this circle Sun rise & set Dec 17.2 16.0. There are two outlier s which have sunrise declinations that may mark the Celtic festivals of Beltane and Imbolc . ref name stone References reflist External links http www.megalithics.com scotland sheldon shelmain.htm Sheldon Recumbent Stone Circle, Aberdeenshire , from Megalithics. http www.megalithic.co.uk article.php?sid 1249 Sheldon , from Megalithic Portal. http www.sypeland.freeserve.co.uk site45.htm Sheldon Stone Circle , from Paul s Stone Circle Data Base. http www.themodernantiquarian.com site 2639 shieldon.html The Modern Antiquarian Sheldon Circle. European Standing Stones coord ... more details
The Ringgold Isles are an archipelago in Fiji , forming an outlier group to Vanua Levu . The Budd Reef Budd , Nukusemanu Reef Nukusemanu , and Heemskercq Reef Heemskercq Reef s form part of the group. The group is mostly uninhabited, but Qelelevu has a small village. In 2008 Pacific Rat s were eradicated from seven islands of the group in an endeavour facilitated by BirdLife International s Fiji Programme. ref cite web url http www.birdlife.org community 2010 12 the magnificent seven rat free fijian islands title The Magnificent Seven rat free Fijian islands accessdate 2011 06 15 work BirdLife Community news first last publisher BirdLife International date 2010 12 21 ref Coord 16 30 10 S 179 41 20 W region FJ type isle display title Cakau Matacucu Empty section date December 2010 Cobia Cobia is an island in Fiji , and is a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago , which forms an outlier group to the northern island of Vanua Levu . It has a land area of 69.29 hectares. ref Name IUCN cite book title Review of the protected areas system in Oceania The IUCN conservation library last IUCN authorlink coauthors Arthur L. Dahl, IUCN Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas, United Nations Environment Programme year 1986 publisher IUCN isbn 2880325099 pages 125 & 126 url http books.google.com books?id PmfN7nPBO3sC&pg PA125&dq 22Ringgold Isles 22 Nukubalati&hl en&ei AbsUTd2OIIO88gaG I2cDg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 3&sqi 2&ved 0CDAQ6AEwAg v onepage&q 22Ringgold 20Isles 22&f false ref Lailai Empty section date December 2010 Maqewa Maqewa Island is narrow and rocky. ref ... islet in Fiji , a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago , which forms an outlier to the northern ... Island in Fiji , a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago, which forms an outlier group to the northern ... in Fiji , a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago , which forms an outlier group to the northern ... Tauraria is an atoll in Fiji , a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago , which forms an outlier ... more details
Grubbs test named after Frank E. Grubbs , also known as the maximum normed errors and residuals in statistics residual test , is a Statistical hypothesis testing statistical test used to detect outlier s in a univariate data set assumed to come from a normal distribution normally distributed population. Definition Grubbs test is based on the assumption of normal distribution normality . That is, one should first verify that the data can be reasonably approximated by a normal distribution before applying the Grubbs test. ref Quoted from the Engineering and Statistics Handbook , paragraph 1.3.5.17, http www.itl.nist.gov div898 handbook eda section3 eda35h.htm ref Grubbs test detects one outlier at a time. This outlier is expunged from the dataset and the test is iterated until no outliers are detected. However, multiple iterations change the probabilities of detection, and the test should not be used for sample sizes of six or less since it frequently tags most of the points as outliers. Grubbs test is defined for the statistical hypothesis hypothesis H sub 0 sub There are no outliers in the data set H sub a sub There is at least one outlier in the data set The Grubbs test statistic is defined as math G frac displaystyle max i 1, ldots, N left vert Y i bar Y right vert s math with math overline Y math and s denoting the sample mean and standard deviation , respectively. The Grubbs test statistic is the largest absolute deviation from the sample mean in units of the sample standard deviation. This is the two sided version of the test. The Grubbs test can also be defined as a one sided test. To test whether the minimum value is an outlier, the test statistic is math G frac bar Y Y min s math with Y sub min sub denoting the minimum value. To test whether the maximum value is an outlier, the test statistic is math G frac Y max bar Y s math with Y sub max sub denoting the maximum value. For the two sided test , the hypothesis of no outliers is rejected at significance leve ... more details
This article deals with West Uvean or Fagauvea , a language of New Caledonia. For East Uvean or Fakauvea , the language of Wallis Island Uvea , see Wallisian language . Infobox language name West Uvean nativename Fagauvea states New Caledonia region Ouv a speakers 1,110 ref Ethnologue uve ref familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Polynesian languages Polynesian fam5 Futunic languages Futunic ? fam6 Emaic iso3 uve West Uvean also Uvean or Faga Ouv a Fagauvea in the vernacular is a Polynesian language Polynesian Polynesian outlier outlier language spoken on the island of Ouv a , in the Loyalty Islands Loyalty island group of New Caledonia . It has long been in contact with Iaai language Iaai , the other Oceanic language spoken on the same island. Name The speakers designate their language by the name Fagauvea , which is also the name used in French. The name West Uvean sometimes used in English is meant to distinguish the language from the related East Uvean or Wallisian language Wallisian , spoken on Wallis Island okina Uvea . References reflist External links http www.ethnologue.com show language.asp?code uve Ethnologue report for West Uvean Category Polynesian languages au lang stub de Westuveanische Sprache fr Fagauvea hr Fagauvea jezik pms Lenga Uvean vest ... more details
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