unreferenced date December 2009 General Purpose Input Output a.k.a. GPIO is a generic pin on a Integrated circuit chip whose behavior including whether it is an input or output pin can be controlled programmed through software. GPIO pins have no special purpose defined, and go unused by default. The idea is that sometimes the system integrator building a full system that uses the chip might find useful to have a handful of additional digital control lines, and having these available from the chip can save the hassle of having to arrange additional circuitry to provide them. For example, the Realtek ALC260 chips audio codec have 4 GPIO pins, which go unused by default. Some system integrators Acer laptops employing the ALC260 use the first GPIO GPIO0 to turn on the amplifier used for the laptop s internal speakers and external headphone jack. Usage GPIOs are used in chips with pin scarcity Integrated circuit IC , System on a chip SoC , embedded and custom hardware, programmable logic devices e.g., FPGAs multifunction chips power managers, audio codecs, video cards embedded applications ... , and for writing output to dc motors via Pulse width modulation PWM , audio, LCD displays, or LED ... or output enable mask aka GPIO mask GPIO pins can be enabled disabled input values are readable typically high 1, low 0 output values are writable readable input values can often be used as interrupt ... simple, a group of pins that can be switched as a group to either input or output. In others ... drive strengths and pull up downs. The input and output voltages are typically, though not universally ... arranged in a group, and treated as a single port. See also Programmed input output SGPIO I C Serial Peripheral Interface Bus Special Input Output References http www.spinics.net lists alsa devel msg03646.html ... Integrated circuits Electronics stub fr General Purpose Input Output it General Purpose Input Output ja GPIO pl General Purpose Input Output pt GPIO fi GPIO zh GPIO ... more details
In computer science , an output sensitive algorithm is an algorithm whose running time depends not only on the size of the input but also on the size of the output. For certain problems where the output size varies widely, for example from linear in the size of the input to quadratic in the size of the input, analyses that take the output size explicitly into account can produce better runtime bounds that differentiate algorithms that would otherwise have identical asymptotic complexity. For example, convex hull algorithms for finding the convex hull of a finite set of points in the plane require Big O notation &Omega n log n time for n points even relatively simple algorithms like the Graham scan achieve this lower bound. If the convex hull uses all n points, this is the best we can do however, for many practical sets of points, and in particular for random sets of points, the number of points h in the convex hull is typically much smaller than n . Consequently, output sensitive algorithms such as the ultimate convex hull algorithm and Chan s algorithm which require only O n log h time are considerably faster for such point sets. Output sensitive algorithms arise frequently in computational geometry applications and have been described for problems such as hidden surface removal ref Micha Sharir , Mark Overmars . A simple output sensitive algorithm for hidden surface removal. ACM Transactions on Graphics. Vol. 11, issue 1, pp.1&ndash 11. January 1992. ISSN 0730 0301. http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 102377.112141 ACM portal login required ref and resolving range filter conflicts in router tables ref Khaireel A. Mohamed and Christine Kupich. An O n log n Output Sensitive ... ref . Frank Nielsen describes a general paradigm of output sensitive algorithms known as grouping .... Grouping and Querying A Paradigm to Get Output Sensitive Algorithms. Revised Papers from the Japanese ... into two stages estimating the output size, and then building data structures based on that estimate ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2007 A channel 3 4 output was a common output selection for most audiovisual devices sold in North America, that are intended to be connected to a television TV using a Radio frequency RF signal. This channel option was provided because it was rare to have broadcast channel s 3 and 4 used in the same market. The choice allowed the user to select the unused channel in their area so that the connected device would be able to provide video and audio on an RF feed to the television without excessive interference from a broadcast signal. RF modulation was common on equipment deployed in North America. Other countries had the RF output for video equipment on different groups of frequencies. For example, equipment sold in Europe, South Africa and Hong Kong used UHF channels 30 39 for this purpose. Equipment sold in Japan used channel 1 or 2 Channel 13 16 is for cable converter . With other channels being used for RF modulation function in other regions, channel 3 4 output is a misnomer for those regions. In Australia, some manufacturers used the channel 3 4 output, while other manufacturers would use the UHF channels 30 36 for this purpose. It become common for VCRs sold in that market since the mid 1990s to use this output specification as well. The other common output frequency set in Australia was Channel 0 and 1 on the VHF band throughout the 1980s. This was because most televisions that were deployed on the Australian market before model year 1980 could not receive the UHF band. It also is common to have this type of RF output on video cassette recorder s VCRs , early DVD players and video game consoles . VCR s ubiquity was responsible for making consumers familiar with RF modulation, which could explain its lasting popularity and use in all digital ... for the game. In many cases, an RF modulator was used to take the composite output from the game and modulate ... game consoles retain the ability to output through RF modulators, usually through a separately purchased ... more details
Secure input and output handling are Computer security secure programming techniques designed to prevent security bugs and the Exploit computer security exploitation thereof. Input handling Input handling is how an application, server or other computing system handles the Input Output input supplied from users, clients, or a computer network. Secure input handling is often required to prevent vulnerabilities related to Code injection , Directory traversal and so on. Encode escape input To keep malicious inputs contained, any inputs written to the database need to be encoded. SQL encoding OR 1 1 is encoded to OR 1 1 In PHP this can be done with the function tt mysql real escape string tt ref http php.net mysql real escape string ref or with tt PDO quote tt ref http php.net manual en pdo.quote.php ref Other solutions There may be other solutions, depending on which programming language is used and what type of code injection is being prevented. E.g., the http www.bioinformatics.org phplabware internal utilities htmLawed index.php htmLawed PHP script can be used to remove cross site scripting code. In particular, to prevent SQL injection , parameterized queries also known as prepared statements and bind variables are excellent for improving security while also improving code clarity and performance. Output handling Output handling is how an application, server or system handles the output e.g. generating HTML, printing, logging, ... . It is important to keep in mind output often contains input supplied from users, clients, network, databases etc. Secure output handling is primarily associated with preventing Cross site Scripting XSS vulnerabilities, but could also important in similar areas e.g. if generating Microsoft Office documents with some API, output management could potentially be required to prevent macro injections Encode escape output Encoding processes content that is about to be output so that any potentially dangerous characters are made safe. Characters from ... more details
more footnotes date February 2011 Image Asio logo.png thumb ASIO logo Audio Stream Input Output ASIO is a computer sound card Device driver driver protocol for digital audio specified by Steinberg , providing a low Latency audio latency and high fidelity interface between a software application and a computer s sound card . Whereas Microsoft s DirectSound is commonly used as an intermediary signal path for non professional users, ASIO allows musician s and sound engineer s to access external hardware directly. Overview ASIO bypasses the normal audio path from a user application through layers of intermediary Windows operating system software so that an application connects directly to the sound card hardware. Each layer that is bypassed means a reduction in latency the delay between an application sending audio information and it being reproduced by the sound card, or input signals from the sound card being available to the application . In this way ASIO offers a relatively simple way of accessing ... with audio hardware. Unlike KMixer, an unmixed ASIO output is bit identical or bit perfect ... Windows NT 6.x mixer provides 32 bit floating point output. Higher bit depth samples offer the potential ... http otachan.com out asio dll .html Winamp plug in open source ASIO output plug in for Winamp . http support.xmplay.com file comment.php?id 549 XMPlay plug in ASIO output plug in for XMPlay http foobar2000.org components index.html foobar2000 plug in ASIO output plug in for foobar2000 http sourceforge.net projects asiowmpplg.html ASIOWmpPlg plug in open source ASIO output plug in for Windows Media ... Category Digital audio de Audio Stream Input Output es Audio Stream Input Output fr Audio Stream Input Output ko ASIO it Audio Streaming Input Output lv ASIO nl Audio Stream Input Output ja ASIO pl Audio Stream Input Output ru Audio Stream Input Output sl Audio Stream Input Output fi ASIO sv Audio Stream Input Output tr ASIO uk Audio Stream Input Output zh ASIO ... more details
The Incremental Capital Output Ratio ICOR , is the ratio of investment to wiktionary growth growth which is equal to 1 divided by the marginal product of capital . The higher the ICOR, the lower the productivity of Capital economics capital . The ICOR can be thought of as a measure of the inefficiency with which capital is used. In most countries the ICOR is in the neighborhood of 3. It is a topic discussed in Economic growth . center math text incremental capital output ratio frac Delta K Delta Y frac frac Delta K Y frac Delta Y Y frac frac I Y frac Delta Y Y math center K capital stock br Y Output economics output gross domestic product GDP br I net investment According to this formula the incremental capital output ration can be computed by dividing the investment share in GDP by the rate of growth of GDP. ICOR, world, and determining variables gallery File IQuoteWeltEngl.PNG Investment share File WeltBIPWorldgroupOECDengl.PNG rate of GDP growth File IcorWorld.PNG The Multiplicative inverse reciprocal of ICOR gallery Literature Giancarlo Corsetti, Paolo Pesenti, and Nouriel Roubini Fundamental Determinants of the Asian Crisis The Role of Financial Fragility and External Imbalances, in Takatoshi Ito and Anne Krueger, eds. Regional and Global Capital Flows Macroeconomic Causes and Consequences, Chicago University of Chicago Press for the NBER, 2001 , 42 45 Website http web.worldbank.org WBSITE EXTERNAL DATASTATISTICS EXTDECSTAMAN 0,,contentMDK 20878918 isCURL Y menuPK 2648303 pagePK 64168445 piPK 64168309 theSitePK 2077967,00.html Website of World Bank on ICOR DEFAULTSORT Incremental Capital Output Ratio Category Investment Category Financial ratios Category Capital Econ stub vi ICOR ... more details
The International Input Output Association IIOA is a scientific, Non profit organization non profit , membership organization founded in 1988 with the objective of facilitating further development of input output analysis with respect to both economics and more interdisciplinary areas of inquiry. The IIOA is rooted in the field of input output economics , developed by Nobel Laureate Wassily Leontief . Leontief started from the transactions among different industries, such as agriculture, manufacturing and services but at a far more detailed level and embedded in a macroeconomic framework. This is why this field is also known as interindustry economics. Development includes theoretical advances and improved modeling empirical applications of input output models and techniques and expanded compilation of input output tables, matrices, and associated accounts, in both national statistical offices and other kinds of venues. Data collection and analysis are carried out at the local and regional levels, for individual countries, and for economies consisting of multiple interdependent regions including the countries comprising the world economy. History The IIOA grew out of an informal, world wide network of economists, government officials, engineers, and managers with interests in the analysis of interdependency in economic and other kinds of systems. In recent years, it has come to include many environmental scientists, in particular industrial ecologists. IIOA hosts biannual conferences and more frequent meetings on specific topics to facilitate networking among its members and other interested parties. It also publishes a scholarly journal, Economic Systems Research , and hosts several modes of electronic communication intended to support and stimulate research activities and data development. External links http www.iioa.org International Input Output Organization homepage Category Economics organizations ... more details
Input and output I & O is the measure of food and fluids that enter and exit the body. Certain patients with the need are placed on I & O, and if so, their urinary output is measured. With self toileting patients on I & O, or those who are assisted to a regular toilet or portable commode, a receptacle is placed in the toilet bowl that catches all urine that is put out by the patient. This, in turn, is measured by the nursing staff and recorded prior to its disposal. If the patient is using a bedpan, the nursing staff member who empties the bedpan measures the urine prior to its disposal. Urinals usually contain measuring lines providing easy measurement. Urinals are also useful for measuring urine from other sources. Catheters, which are frequently used when it is necessary to measure a patient s output, often have measuring lines on their bags, but these are not considered to be accurate because the bag is floppy. Urine that is emptied from a catheter must be placed in a level container such as a urinal in order to be measured. References reflist Category Urinary system medicine stub ... more details
Context date October 2010 The soft output Viterbi algorithm SOVA is a variant of the classical Viterbi algorithm . SOVA differs from the classical Viterbi algorithm in that it uses a modified path metric which takes into account the A priori statistics a priori probabilities of the input symbols, and produces a soft output indicating the reliability of the decision. The first step in the SOVA is the selection of the survivor path, passing through one unique node at each time instant, t . Since each node has 2 branches converging at it with one branch being chosen to form the Survivor Path , and the other being discarded , the difference in the branch metrics or cost between the chosen and discarded branches indicate the amount of error in the choice. This cost is accumulated over the entire sliding window usually equals at least five constraint lengths , to indicate the soft output measure of reliability of the hard bit decision of the Viterbi algorithm Viterbi algorithm. See also Viterbi algorithm Viterbi decoder References Error Correction Coding Mathematical Methods and Algorithms Todd K Moon Publisher Wiley Interscience June 6, 2005 ISBN 0 471 64800 0 A Viterbi algorithm with soft decision outputs and its applications , Joachim Hagenauer J. Hagenauer , P. Hoeher , Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, pp. 47.11 47.17, Dallas, TX, Nov 1989. DEFAULTSORT Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm Category Error detection and correction Category Markov models ... more details
Advert date September 2011 Refimprove date September 2011 Enterprise output management EOM is an information technology practice that deals with the organization, formatting, management and distribution of data that is created by enterprise applications like banking information systems, insurance information systems, Enterprise resource planning ERP enterprise resource planning systems , CRM customer relationship management , retail systems and many others. Gartner research estimates the market of EOM solutions at 441 Million with 5 growth rate between 2006 2010. Distributed output management is defined by Gartner as middleware that drives the output process and supports the automated creation and delivery of business process and ad hoc documents. Middleware is software that is bridging between different software applications in terms of data formats, languages, communication protocols, etc. Enterprise output management has the potential of reducing the cost of traditional printing by using digital output channels like email, fax and portals. This potential is very dependent on the adoption of these channels by the target customer group and is also directly affected by the cost of localized broadband. Commercial solutions http www.barrsystems.com Barr Systems, LLC ModusOne of Perceptive Software http www.solimarsystems.com Solimar Systems, Inc. Adobe LiveCycle http www.compart.com Compart DocBridge http www.bottomline.com document process automation transform.html FormScape Transform http www.docscience.com Document Sciences Exstream Software HP Exstream http www.gmc.net GMC ..., ECM migration and enterprise output management solutions to major blue chip companies. Sources Kenneth Chin, Toby Bell, James Lundy, MarketScope for Distributed Output Management , 13 March ... 2011 Category Information technology management Category Enterprise architecture de Output Management fr Output management ... more details
Model Output Statistics MOS is an omnipresent statistics statistical technique that forms the backbone of modern weather forecasting . The technique pioneered in the 1960s and early 1970s is used to post process output from numerical weather forecast models. Generally speaking, numerical weather forecast models do an excellent job of forecasting upper air patterns but are too crude to account for local variations in surface weather. Pure statistical model s, on the other hand, are excellent at forecasting idiosyncrasies in local weather but are usually worthless beyond about six hours. The MOS technique combines the two, using complex numerical forecasts based on the physics of the atmosphere to forecast the large scale weather patterns and then using regression equations in statistical post processing to clarify surface weather details. The accuracy is generally far better than either a pure statistical model or a pure numerical model NWP . Definition Because forecast models on their own do not reliably determine weather conditions near ground level, statistical models based upon the three dimensional fields output from numerical weather models, surface observations, as well as the climatology for specific locations were developed. These statistical models are called Model Output Statistics MOS . ref cite book url http books.google.com books?id blEMoIKX 0IC&pg PA188&dq model output ... for their suite of weather forecasting models by 1976. ref cite book title Model output statistics ... Model Output Statistics Systems author L. Best, D. L. and S. P. Pryor year 1983 pages 1 90 publisher ... that the output of numerical weather prediction guidance is perfect. ref cite book url http books.google.com books?id QwzHZ wV BAC&pg PA1144&dq model output statistics book&hl en&ei 8KxVTcGPH4j2gAe isnwDA&sa ... http amsglossary.allenpress.com glossary search?id model output statistics1 Model output statistics ... de Model Output Statistics ... more details
as both the data go to both output ports 0 and 1. Since it s a 2x2 switch, the probability that anyone ... we see that the 2x2 crossbar switch is working at 75 efficiency to give out data from input to output. As n increases, for nxn switches this causes further degradation in efficiency. VOQ Virtual Output ... scenario with 2x2 switch with VOQ support. a OO 0 b OO 1 Here each output port has n buffers per ... output queued switches author1 Rainer Schoenen author2 Roman Hying work Proceedings of IEEE ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In computing, FOSI Formatting Output Specification Instance is a stylesheet language for SGML and, later, XML . FOSI was developed by the US Department of Defense to control the pagination web pagination and layout of SGML and XML technical data. FOSI stylesheets are themselves written in SGML, an approach that would later be adopted by Extensible Stylesheet Language XSL . FOSI was implemented by, among others, Datalogics , Arbortext and X.Systems . Stylesheet languages DEFAULTSORT Fosi Category Stylesheet languages Compu lang stub de Formatting Output Specification Instance ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 In radio transmission , transmitter power output TPO is the actual amount of power physics power in watt s of radio frequency RF energy that a transmitter produces at its output . This is not the amount of power that a radio station reports as its power, as in we re 100,000 watts of rock n roll , which is usually the effective radiated power ERP . The transmitter power output is normally less than the ERP. The radio antenna s design focuses the signalling telecommunication signal toward the horizon , creating gain and increasing the ERP. There is also some loss negative gain from the feedline , which reduces some of the TPO to the antenna by both resistance electricity resistance and by radiant energy radiating a small part of the signal. The basic equation relating transmitter to effective power is math TPO times loss feedline times gain antenna ERP math Note that in this formula the Antenna Gain is expressed with reference to a tuned dipole Antenna gain Figures used for antenna gain dBd See also Effective radiated power Nominal power RF power margin Category Broadcast engineering Category Power physics Category Wireless transmitters wireless stub de Sendeleistung ja nl Zendvermogen ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Render Output Unit , often abbreviated as ROP , and sometimes called perhaps more properly Raster Operations Pipeline , is one of the final steps in the rendering process of modern 3D accelerator boards. The Graphics pipeline Scan conversion or rasterization pixel pipeline s take pixel and texel graphics texel information and process it, via specific matrix operation matrix and vector geometric vector operation s, into a final pixel or depth value. The ROPs perform the transactions between the relevant Buffer computer science buffer s in the RAM local memory this includes writing or reading values, as well as blending them together. Historically the number of ROPs, Texture mapping unit TMUs , and pixel shader s have been equal. However, as of 2004, several GPU s have decoupled these areas to allow optimum transistor allocation for application workload and available memory performance. As the trend continues, it is expected that graphics processors will continue to decouple the various parts of their architectures to enhance their adaptability to future graphics applications. This design also allows chip makers to build a modular line up, where the top end GPU are essentially using the same logic as the low end products. See also Graphics pipeline Rendering computer graphics DEFAULTSORT Render Output Unit Category 3D computer graphics Stub Compu graphics stub fr Render Output unit it Rops ... more details
Expert verify date October 2009 A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics ... to them. Note that the term national income and output here does not refer to the income or output of products from one nation to another it means the income or output of all the people and organisations ... of national income and output assign to a good or service is its market value &ndash the price it fetches ... to obtain the market values of all the goods and services produced the product or output method, the expenditure ... by industry basis. The total output of the economy is the sum of the outputs of every industry. However, since an output of one industry may be used by another industry and become part of the output of that second industry, to avoid counting the item twice we use not the value output by each industry ... subdivisions of income. The output approach The output approach focuses on finding the total output of a nation by directly finding the total value of all goods and services a nation produces ... value of a good or service is included in total output. This avoids an issue often called Double ... in national output, by counting it repeatedly in several stages of production. In the example of meat ... from the supermarket. The value that should be included in final national output should be 60, not the sum ... the value of final output. Formulae DIV style border 1px solid grey padding 1em GDP gross domestic product at market price value of output in an economy in a particular year intermediate consumption ... ref DIV The income approach The income approach equates the total output of a nation to the total ... cost DIV The expenditure approach The expenditure approach is basically an output accounting method. It focuses on finding the total output of a nation by finding the total amount of money spent ... of money spent on goods. The basic formula for domestic output takes all the different areas in which money is spent within the region, and then combines them to find the total output. blockquote ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2009 Computer Output to Laser Disc COLD , now also called Enterprise Report Management ERM , systems were used to capture, archive, store, and retrieve large volume data such as accounting reports, loan records, inventories, shipping and receiving documents, and customer bills. These systems were typically implemented to replace paper creation and microfiche solutions. The term COLD has been superseded by the Enterprise Content Management Industry AIIM , ANSI, and ISO with the term Enterprise Report Management ERM . ERM previously referred to as COLD systems usually work by capturing data from print streams Citation needed date September 2009 and storing it on hard drives , storage area network s, or optical media . The data is then retrieved via web browser s or fat client s. ERM systems are part of enterprise content management . In 2002, Mason Grigsby &mdash widely regarded as The Father of COLD for his seminal work with INSCI in the late 1980s &mdash promoted a name change for the technology. Today, COLD is also known as Enterprise Report Management ERM . Grigsby correctly points out that ERM more accurately describes the process. The use of laserdisc s was replaced by the use of other optical storage technologies and is only one of several appropriate media for computer report storage. See also Extract, transform, load ETL Category Content management systems compu storage stub de Computer Output on Laserdisk fr Computer Output to Laser Disk pt Computer Output to Laser Disc ... more details
Output based aid OBA refers to development aid strategies that link the delivery of public services in developing ..., S.M. 2001 Contracting for public services Output based aid and its applications. World Bank. Available from http rru.worldbank.org Features OBABook.aspx ref ref Global Partnership for Output Based Aid. 2009 OUTPUT BASED AID FACT SHEET Available from http www.gpoba.org gpoba sites gpoba.org files GPOBA ... donor. In such schemes, it is the provider who bears the risk of loss, rather than the aid donor, and output ..., S.M. 2001 Contracting for public services Output based aid and its applications. World Bank. ref ref Global Partnership for Output Based Aid. 2009 OUTPUT BASED AID FACT SHEET ref In healthcare, vouchers ... Output Based Aid. Available from http www.kfw entwicklungsbank.de EN Home Topics Health Output Based Aid.jsp. ref Examples of Output Based Projects In healthcare, OBA is often implemented by contracting ... and Reproductive Health Program. ref ref Output Based Healthcare. 2007 . trials and successes of contracted .... 2009 . Output Based Aid OBA explained. Available from http www.ictregulationtoolkit.org en PracticeNote.3159.html. ref The various projects of output based aid have had successes and failures based ... 2000 s. ref KFW Entwicklungsbank, Interview with Prof. Dr. Malcolm Potts with respect to Output ... 3DLibrary 26action 3DGetFile 26DocumentAttachmentID 3D53 Output based aid OBA problems&cd 9&hl en&ct ... s Department for International Development DFID they launched the Global Partnership on Output .... ref Global Partnership for Output Based Aid. 2009 OUTPUT BASED AID FACT SHEET ref The partnership has worked with various international partners to pursue Output based initiatives in fields of health ... for Output Based Aid. 2009 OUTPUT BASED AID FACT SHEET ref The German development bank, KfW , financed ... sector. Finally, OBA provides internal tracking of results. ref Global Partnership for Output Based Aid. 2009 OUTPUT BASED AID FACT SHEET ref Professor Malcolm Pitts at Berkley University believes ... more details
about Input Output Configuration Program the IOCP API Input output completion port context date August 2010 Technical date August 2010 Infobox software name Input Output Configuration Program title Input Output Configuration Program logo File screenshot File caption collapsible author IBM developer IBM released Start date YYYY MM DD discontinued latest release version latest release date Start date and age YYYY MM DD latest preview version latest preview date Start date and age YYYY MM DD frequently updated programming language operating system stand alone, z OS, z VM, z VSE platform IBM System 370 Expanding the address space IBM System 370 Extended Architecture size language status genre license Proprietary website In the original IBM System 360 S 360 and IBM System 370 S 370 architectures, each processor had its own set of I O channels and addressed I O devices with a 12 bit cuu address, containing a 4 bit channel number and an 8 bit unit device number to be sent on the channel bus in order to select the device the operating system had to be configured to reflect the processor and cuu address for each device. The operating system had logic to queue pending I O on each channel and to handle selection of alternate channels. Initiating an I O to a channel on a different processor required causing a Shoulder tap computer shoulder tap interrupt on the other processor so that it could ... the Input Output Configuration Data Set s IOCDS s , and the operator could select a specific IOCDS as part of of a power on reset POR . Input Output Configuration Program IOCP ref name GC38 ... Output Configuration Data Set IOCDS it recognizes the syntax of MVS Configuration Program MVSCP ... BOOKS da4a4001 CCONTENTS Input Output Configuration Program User s Guide and ESCON Channel to Channel ... Output Configuration Program User s Guide and ESCON Channel to Channel Reference date February 1993 ... 19930212144028 separator , ref ref name GC38 0401 cite manual author IBM title Input Output Configuration ... more details
Selectable Output Control SOC is a content protection Digital rights management Digital Rights Management DRM technology that is incorporated into approved devices that enables the Multichannel video programming distributor Multichannel Video Programming Distributor MVPD, your cable company to disable non secure audio video output by encoding the video with a specific signal. In practice, SOC aims to limit the output of high definition video over non secure analog outputs such as Component video component video connections . When enabled, SOC will only output high definition content over a High Definition Multimedia Interface HDMI to devices that are High bandwidth Digital Content Protection HDCP approved. This means that when SOC is enabled for a program, older televisions that do not have an HDMI port or are not HDCP compliant will not be able to view content. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission FCC has, until recently, had a ban on the use of SOC. On May 7, 2010 the FCC granted a limited waiver of Section 76.1903 to allow the use of SOC. This waiver was filed by the Motion Picture Association of America MPAA to allow the use of SOC to broadcast first run movies shortly after theatrical release, but prior to home video release. The MPAA argued that member companies the studios would not agree to releasing these movies to the On Demand market without the ability to enforce copy protection, which analog outputs such as component video connections lack. The concern being that unprotected analog output is open to piracy. The FCC agreed that it would be in the public interest ... on demand market. The approved output devices are HDMI, all digital outputs that CableLabs has approved for unidirectional digital cable products, or any MVPD approved protected output for Internet ... the development of proprietary output connections by either the MPAA or the MVPD that could ... protected output. Closed captioning Closed Captioning and Video Description should be provided as this is already ... more details
Multiple issues notability January 2012 copy edit January 2012 cleanup link rot January 2012 primarysources January 2012 Remote Audio Output Protocol RAOP is an Internet streaming protocol based on RTSP Real time Transport Protocol RTP based authored by Apple Inc. It powers the AirPlay technology built into AirPort AirPort Express wireless 802.11 802.11b g n access point as well as the Apple TV . The major difference from RTSP is an initial Asymmetric key verification made by iTunes to verify it is communicating with an AirPort Express as opposed to a simulation , and vice versa. The data channel is also encrypted by Advanced Encryption Standard AES , with a random key protected by the asymmetric key mentioned above. The RSA public key stored in iTunes has been extracted by Jon Lech Johansen , enabling 3rd party software to stream music to an Airport Express. ref cite web url http mailman.videolan.org pipermail vlc devel 2008 December 054010.html title vlc devel& 93 PATCH& 93 Add Remote Audio Output Protocol stream output plugin publisher Mailman.videolan.org date 2008 01 02 accessdate 2012 02 10 ref The RSA private key stored in the AirPort Express has been extracted by James Laird, enabling simulation of an Airport Express. ref cite web url http mailman.videolan.org pipermail vlc devel 2011 April 079616.html title vlc devel& 93 RAOP Airtunes publisher Mailman.videolan.org date accessdate 2012 02 10 ref The Shairport application is available. ref cite web url http mafipulation.org blagoblig 2011 04 08 shairport title jhl publisher mafipulation date 2011 04 08 accessdate 2012 02 10 ref References reflist External links http wiki.xmms2.xmms.se index.php Technical note to describe the Remote Audio Access Protocol RAOP as used in Apple iTunes to stream music to the Airport Express ApEx . Technical note to describe the Remote Audio Access Protocol RAOP as used in Apple iTunes to stream music to the Airport Express ApEx http raop play.sourceforge.net RAOP play , an open ... more details
Orphan date April 2010 Lowercase uniFLOW Output Manager Infobox software name uniFLOW Output Manager logo screenshot caption author Karsten Huster developer nt ware released latest release version 5.1.2 latest release date release date mf yes 2012 02 programming language operating system Windows platform Active Server Pages size language English status Active genre Print management software license Proprietary website http www.ntware.de home The uniFLOW Output Manager , commonly referred to as uniflow or mom is an integrated software solution that allows an intelligent control and analysis of all print and copying processes. It is especially useful for monitoring and tracking what is printed, by whom and at what cost. This information can then be used to create a unique print strategy for your organization. Features uniFLOW is a completely server based solution although there is a server less version , especially for Windows 2003 and Windows 2008. It features the following functionalities Direct integration into the Windows 2000 2003 2008 spooler Many supported printers and client systems although developed with Canon multi function solutions in mind Configuration is web based. Works with the following Microsoft SQL server versions MSDE, 7.0, SQL Server 2000, 2005 and 2008 Modular architecture Customizable Additional modules The core accounting functionality of uniFLOW can be extended with extra modules. Modules provide new features to the system that allow new use cases and be used to further fit to the business. For example a different set of modules would be used by a copy shop , professional print room, university or a post office. Below are the available modules Remote print server Load balancing Server clustering PDF Workflow Job Conversion Instance JCI Secure printing also known as Follow me or Pull Printing MEAP functions Desktop accounting Job ticketing Web Queue Management Print Optimizing System Document Archive Internet Gateway Rule based routing External ... more details
be input streams or output streams . Unlike some earlier programming languages, C has no direct support ... of functions Most of the C file input output functions are defined in code stdio.h code code cstdio ... fflush code synchronizes an output stream with the actual file colspan 2 style text align center anchor ... stream between wide character I O and narrow character I O rowspan 2 Direct br input output colspan ... cpp io c fwrite fwrite code writes to a file rowspan 9 Unformatted br input output anchor fgetc getc ... code wchar t code back into a file stream rowspan 4 Formatted br input output anchor scanf fscanf ... byte code wchar t code output to stdout, br a file stream or a buffer anchor vprintf vfprintf ... vswprintf code prints formatted byte code wchar t code output to stdout, br a file stream, or a buffer ... that may be open simultaneously will be at least 8 code IOFBF code an abbreviation for input output ... block buffered input and output for an open stream code IOLBF code an abbreviation for input output ... buffered input and output for an open stream code IONBF code an abbreviation for input output not buffered ... input and output for an open stream code L tmpnam code the size of a code char code array which is large ... to the standard input stream, usually a keyboard. code Standard streams Standard output stdout stdout code a pointer to a code FILE code which refers to the standard output stream, usually a display ... or text stream needed to perform input or output operations on it, including a file descriptor ... References Reflist External links wikibooks C Programming C file input and output C Programming C Reference Category C Standard Library Category Input output Category Articles with example C code ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Programmed input output PIO is a method of transferring data between the Central processing unit CPU and a peripheral such as a network adapter or an AT Attachment ATA storage device. In general, programmed I O happens when software running on the CPU uses instructions that access I O address space to perform data transfers to or from an I O device. This is contrast to Direct Memory Access DMA transfers. The best known example of a PC device that uses programmed I O is the AT Attachment ATA interface however, this interface can also be operated in any of several Direct Memory Access DMA modes. Many older devices in a PC also use PIO, including legacy serial ports, legacy parallel ports when not in ECP mode, the PS 2 keyboard and mouse ports, legacy MIDI and joystick ports, the interval timer, and older network interfaces. PIO mode in the ATA interface Until the introduction of Direct memory access DMA , PIO was the only available method. The PIO interface is grouped into different modes that correspond to different transfer rate s. The electrical signal ing among the different modes is similar only the cycle time between transactions is reduced in order to achieve a higher transfer rate. All ATA devices support the slowest mode Mode 0. By accessing the information registers using Mode 0 on an ATA drive, the CPU is able to determine the maximum transfer rate for the device and configure the ATA controller for optimal performance. The PIO modes require a great deal of CPU overhead to configure a data transaction and transfer the data. Because of this inefficiency, the Direct memory access DMA and eventually AT Attachment UDMA interface was created ... DMA AT Attachment ATA ATA specification Input output Interrupt List of device bandwidths CompactFlash Category Input output cs PIO de Programmed Input Output ko it Programmed input output pl PIO pt Programmed Input Output ru PIO sk Programmed input output sv PIO zh ... more details
No footnotes date July 2011 The inductive output tube or IOT is a variety of vacuum tube which evolved in the 1980s to meet increasing efficiency requirements for high power radio frequency RF amplifier s. The primary commercial use of IOTs is in Ultra high frequency UHF television transmitter s, where they have mostly replaced klystron s because of their higher efficiencies 35 to 40 and smaller size. IOTs are also used in particle accelerator s. History The inductive output tube IOT was invented in 1938 by Andrew V. Haeff. A patent was later issued for the IOT to Andrew V. Haeff and assigned to the Radio Corporation of America RCA . During the 1939 1939 New York World s Fair New York World s Fair the IOT was used in the transmission of the first television images from the Empire State Building to the fair grounds. RCA sold a small IOT commercially for a short time, under the type number 825. It was soon obsoleted by newer developments, and the technology lay more or less dormant for years. The inductive output tube has reemerged within the last twenty years after having been discovered to possess particularly suitable characteristics broadband linearity for the transmission of digital television and high definition television high definition digital television . The power output of the modern 21st century IOTs is orders of magnitude higher than the first IOTs produced by the RCA in 1940 1941 but the fundamental principle of operation basically remains the same. IOT s since the 1970s have been designed with electromagnetic modelling computer software that has greatly improved their electrodynamic performance. Description IOTs have been described as a cross between a klystron ... a resonant cavity, equivalent to the output cavity of a klystron. The electron bunches excite the cavity ... external tuning cavities to achieve bandwidth, are equipped with arc detectors located in the output ... de Inductive Output Tube pl Lampa z wyj ciem indukcyjnym ... more details
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