wiktionarypar overlayOverlay may refer to Overlay architecture , term used to describe event architecture and relates to the temporary elements that supplement existing buildings and infrastructure to enable the operation of major sporting events or festivals. Overlay Control in semiconductor manufacturing, for monitoring layer to layer alignment on multi layer device structures. Video overlay , techniques to display video on computer display. Hardware overlay , one type of video overlay that uses memory dedicated to the application. Overlay programming , a technique to reduce the amount of memory used by a program. Overlay operating system , replacing one process by another Historic overlay district , a zoning district that applies special rules to a portion of other districts, usually for historic or conservation reasons. Overlay network , a computer network which is built on top of another network Overlay plan , a method of introducing new area codes in telephony Overlay keyboard , a specialized keyboard with no pre set keys Keyboard overlay , a sheet of printed text sitting between the keys, depicting an alternate keyboard layout An overlay in gambling is where the bettor thinks the odds given are too generous disambig de Overlay ja ko ... more details
confused Keyboard overlay An overlay keyboard is a specialized Computer keyboard keyboard with no pre set keys. Each key can be programmed with a wide range of different functions. Overlay keyboards are often used as a quick and easy way to input items with just two buttons. Overlay keyboards generally consist of a flat grid of unmarked buttons. After the keyboard is programmed, a sheet, called an overlay, is placed overtop to identify each key. The overlay can consist of any combination of words, symbols, or even pictures. Advantages Overlay keyboards have several advantages over Computer keyboard conventional keyboards or Mouse computing mice . They do not require memorization of shortcut keys i.e. F5, Alt S, etc. nor do they require a great deal of fine motor control, making them ideal for people who have difficulty using a conventional keyboard. Overlay keyboards are easy to clean, and are much more resistant to spills or dust. The ability to change overlay sheets also makes it easy for a single overlay keyboard to have several different uses. Usage Overlay keyboards are probably most often found in fast food restaurants, where they reduce the amount of time required to enter items. Overlay keyboards are also used in education, especially at the primary level. They can also be used by disabled people who have sensory or motor control difficulties. ref P. Blenkhorn, http www.dinf.ne.jp doc english Us Eu conf csun 98 csun98 014.html Switch, overlay keyboard and touch screen software for children and adults with profound and multiple disabilities , Feb. 24, 1998, accessed Sept. 22, 2007 ref ref http www.overlaykeyboard.com Everything You Need to Know about Overlay Keyboards , accessed 29 July 2009 ref References references Compu hardware stub Category Computer keyboards ... more details
A Heritage Overlay or HO is one of a number of planning scheme overlay s contained in the Victorian Planning Provisions , for use in planning scheme s in Victoria, Australia Victoria , Australia. The heritage overlay schedule of each Local Government Areas of Victoria local government planning scheme lists sites of local and state significance Victorian Heritage Register but does not include sites on the Australian National Heritage List . The Heritage Overlay is used to protect sites that have Cultural heritage heritage value, meaning that individual buildings or whole urban precincts may be covered. The protection afforded by a Heritage Overlay varies in each instance, though the controls apply to built structures and their associated land. The minimum level of protection is afforded by the mere existence of the overlay and means that any work at all to the building or site will require ... or an incorporated plan listed in the schedule to the overlay. Each planning scheme will have a set of maps which indicate the location of overlay controls. Associated with the maps is a schedule listing every individual overlay in that planning scheme according to the following criteria Planning ... heritage An easy to follow description of how to read a heritage overlay and the different related ... What is a Heritage Overlay index.aspx City of Ballarat Website What is a Heritage Overlay and http ... overlay .aspx City of Ballarat How do you read the Heritage Overlay . See also Burra Charter References ... and Planning Heritage HeritageInfo What is a Heritage Overlay index.aspx City of Ballarat What is a Heritage Overlay http www.ballarat.vic.gov.au heritage what we do heritage planning protection how do you read the heritage overlay .aspx City of Ballarat How do you read the Heritage Overlay http google.com search?q cache PbakP71i gUJ www.dse.vic.gov.au planningschemes aavpp 43 01.pdf 22heritage overlay 22&hl en&ct clnk&cd 3&gl au Heritage Overlay Provisions at Victorian Department of Sustainability ... more details
An overlay network is a computer network which is built on the top of another network. Node networking Node s in the overlay can be thought of as being connected by virtual or logical links, each of which ... are overlay networks because their nodes run on top of the Internet . The Internet was built as an overlay ... Morris R. Morris . http nms.csail.mit.edu ron Resilient Overlay Networks . In Proc. ACM SOSP, Oct. 2001. ref Uses of overlay networks In telecommunication File Network Overlay merged.svg thumb upright 1.5 Figure 1 A sample overlay network File Network Overlay.svg thumb upright 1.5 Figure 2 Overlay network broken up into logical layers Overlay networks are used in telecommunication because of the availability ... 2001 2002 . From a physical standpoint overlay networks are quite complex see Figure 1 as they combine ... to a node having a specific logical address , whose IP address is not known in advance. Overlay networks ... router computing router s in the network. On the other hand, an overlay network can be incrementally deployed on end hosts running the overlay protocol software, without cooperation from Internet service provider ISPs . The overlay has no control over how packets are routed in the underlying network between two overlay nodes, but it can control, for example, the sequence of overlay nodes a message traverses before reaching its destination. For example, Akamai Technologies manages an overlay ... includes http esm.cs.cmu.edu End System Multicast and Overcast for multicast RON Resilient Overlay Network ..., Virtela Technology Services ref http www.virtela.net Virtela Technology Services ref provides an overlay network in 90 countries on top of 500 different underlying telecom providers. List of overlay network protocols Overlay network protocols based on TCP IP include Distributed hash table s DHTs ... for massively shared virtual world HyParView a higly robust unstructured overlay for gossip broadcast Overlay network protocols based on UDP IP include Real Time Media Flow Protocol Adobe Flash ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Context date October 2009 Silicon wafers are currently manufactured in a sequence of steps, each stage placing a pattern of material on the wafer in this way transistors, contacts, etc., all made of different materials, are laid down. In order for the final device to function correctly, these separate patterns must be aligned correctly for example contacts, lines and transistors must all line up. Overlay control is the term used to define the control of this pattern to pattern alignment. It has always played an important role in Semiconductor device fabrication semiconductor manufacturing , helping to monitor layer to layer alignment on multi layer device structures. Misalignment of any kind can cause short circuits and connection failures, which in turn impact Foundry electronics fab yield and profit margins. Overlay control has become even more critical now because the combination of increasing pattern density and innovative techniques such as double patterning and 193 nm immersion lithography creates a novel set of pattern based yield challenges at the 45 nm technology node and below. This combination causes error budgets to shrink below 30 percent of design rules, where existing overlay metrology solutions cannot meet total measurement uncertainty TMU requirements. Overlay metrology solutions with both higher measurement accuracy precision and process robustness are key factors when addressing increasingly tighter overlay budgets. Higher order overlay control and in field metrology using smaller, micro grating or other novel targets are becoming essential for successful production ramps and higher yields at 45 nm and beyond. Examples of the widely adopted overlay measurement tools worldwide are KLA Tencor s ARCHER http www.kla tencor.com archer , and the nanometrics http www.nanometrics.com CALIPER series, overlay metrology platforms. Category Semiconductor device fabrication de Overlay Halbleitertechnik ... more details
Video overlay is any technique used to display a video window on a computer display while bypassing the chain of Central processing unit CPU video card graphics card computer monitor . This is done in order to speed up the video display, and it is commonly used, for example, by TV tuner card s and early 3D graphics accelerator cards. The term is also used to describe the annotation or inclusion of interactivity on online videos, such as overlay advertising mid roll overlay . Various methods to achieve video overlay are in use A video overlay device can be connected between the graphics card analog Video Graphics Array VGA output and the monitor s input forming a VGA passthrough . The device modifies the VGA signal and inserts the analog video signal overlay into the picture the rest of the screen is filled by the signal coming from the graphics card. The driver software informs the video overlay device about the desired position of the video window on screen. Because of the much greater processing power of modern graphics cards, and the awkwardness of adding additional analog hardware signal processing path, this method is now little used. Some video overlay devices write the digital video signal directly into the graphics card s video memory or provide it to the graphics card s RAMDAC . Hardware overlay is a technique implemented by most modern graphics cards that allows an application to write to a dedicated part of video memory, rather than to the part shared by all applications. In this way, clipping computer graphics clipping , moving and scaling of the image can be performed ... systems now include a hardware overlay, which uses dedicated video processing hardware built into the main ... configured as a frame buffer which is used to store the graphics. Overlay advertising is a technique used by online video producers to monetize video content through using an overlay layer to deliver ... of the video and or the target of the link being placed. See also Hardware overlay Texture mapping ... more details
Overlay is a term that is used to describe event architecture and relates to the temporary elements that supplement existing buildings and infrastructure to enable the operation of major sporting events or festivals. These elements provide additional facilities for the duration of an event and are generally of a lightweight construction, as they are often removed afterwards. The role of overlay is extensive and can cover all aspects of a major event, starting with the back of house user groups, including staff, operations, officials, broadcast, media, hospitality, VIPs and the athletes themselves. These groups all require physical facilities to provide accreditation, accommodation, segregation and wayfinding, which need to be separated from, but connected to, the spectators at the front of house , to preserve the magic and mystery of the event experience. It is important that the overlay design is integrated into the masterplan of major events at an early stage, in order that the flow of people through the site can be effectively managed and sufficient space provided for the various overlay facilities. The overlay design also has a significant role in helping to define the overall environment of a major event. The aim is to treat temporary places and spaces with the same attention that would be applied to their permanent equivalents, to deliver a coherent temporary environment. By taking ... the key figure in Overlay design. Overlay categories Overlay can be categorised in three main ways Existing facilities the overlay consists of temporary elements being added to an existing space to accommodate ... the overlay consists of temporary elements that are integrated with permanent elements in a new ... 2014 Olympic Stadium Temporary facilities the overlay creates a completely temporary facility or venue ... Park, for the 2012 Olympic Games Overlay, London 2012 For the London 2012 Olympic Games, Populous architects Populous is the official architectural and overlay design services provider and their commitment ... more details
About dividing a program up to reduce memory requirements the complete replacement of a process Overlay operating system In a general computing sense, overlaying means replacement of a block of stored instructions or data with another. ref cite web date February 19, 2007 url http www.askoxford.com concise oed overlay 1?view uk title Oxford Dictionaries ref Overlaying is a computer programming programming method that allows programs to be larger than the computer s main memory . An embedded system would normally use overlays because of the limitation of physical memory , which is internal memory for a system on chip and the lack of virtual memory facilities. Usage Constructing an overlay program ... overlay region or destination region . An overlay manager, either part of the operating system or part of the overlay program, loads the required overlay from external memory into its destination ... date June 3, 2008 url http sourceware.org binutils docs ld Overlay Description.html title The GNU Linker documentation Overlay Description ref Example The following example shows the control statements that instruct the OS 360 Linkage Editor to link an overlay program, indented to show structure pre INCLUDE SYSLIB MOD1 INCLUDE SYSLIB MOD2 OVERLAY A INCLUDE SYSLIB MOD3 OVERLAY AA INCLUDE SYSLIB MOD4 INCLUDE SYSLIB MOD5 OVERLAY AB INCLUDE SYSLIB MOD6 OVERLAY B INCLUDE SYSLIB MOD7 pre pre Root Segment MOD1, MOD2 Overlay A Overlay B MOD3 MOD7 Overlay AA Overlay AB MOD4, MOD5 MOD6 pre These statements ... A and B which will be loaded following the end of MOD2. Overlay A itself consists of two overlay segments ... and a given overlay segment are called a path . Applications As of 2007 , most business applications ... without the added design difficulty of forcing the processing into steps constrained by the overlay ... Paging Category Virtual memory comp sci stub cs P ekryvn modul hu Overlay technika ja ru Overlay ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 An overlay assay is a Biology biological technique used to find protein s that bind to a protein of interest. It begins with proteins that are dispersed but fixed e.g. a tissue slice or run on a membrane by gel electrophoresis and then incubated in the labelled protein of interest. The label will indicate the location of proteins that bind to the protein of interest. DEFAULTSORT Overlay Assay Category Laboratory techniques ... more details
An overlay journal or overlay ejournal is a term for a specific type of Open access journal open access academic journal , almost always an online electronic journal ejournal . Such a journal does not produce its own content, but carefully selects from texts that are already freely available online. While many overlay journals derive their content from preprint servers, others, such as the Lund Medical Faculty Monthly, contain mainly papers published by commercial publishers but with links to self archived pre or post prints when possible. The editors of such a journal locate suitable material from open access repositories and public domain sources, read it, and evaluate its worth. This evaluation may take the form of the judgement of a single editor or editors, or a full peer review process. Public validation of subsequently approved texts may take several forms. At its most formal, the editor may republish the article with explicit approval. Approval might take the form of an addition to the text or its metadata . Or the editor may simply link to the article, via the table of contents of the overlay journal. An alternative approach is to link to articles already published in various open access ejournals, but adding value by grouping scattered articles together as a single themed issue of the overlay journal. Such themed issues allow the focussed coverage of relatively obscure or newly emerging topics. References http www.open video.org details.php?videoid 10100 Open Video Project Overlay Journal prototype demonstration 2006 http www.dlib.org dlib september07 09inbrief.html Investigating overlay journals introducing the RIOJA Project . D Lib Magazine . September October 2007 http www.lmfm.med.lu.se Lund Medical Faculty Monthly Category Academic publishing Overlay journal Category Electronic publishing ... more details
In computing , hardware overlay , a type of video overlay , provides a method of rendering an image to a display ... player media player s support hardware overlay. The overlay is a dedicated buffer into which one ... and rendering the buffer contents without going through the GPU. Overview The use of a hardware overlay .... consider how a display works without a hardware overlay. When each application draws to the screen ... overlay was invented By whom date March 2009 . In addition, the graphics processing unit ... such as MPEG 2 s YCbCr into RGB . An application using a hardware overlay gets a completely separate ... color as a mask for that overlay, which the graphics card understands to mean that it is to draw from the separate overlay buffer onto the screen. This technique has become known as chroma key ... the overlay to appear. An application that plays a DVD will draw a solid purple rectangle on the shared screen, and then play the DVD into the special region of memory dedicated to the overlay ... of hardware overlay use, a screenshot program for example, the one automatically built into Windows ... in the hardware overlay window. Rather, a blank region containing only the special mask color is captured ... subsystem. Some Digital Rights Management schemes use hardware overlay to display protected content ... overlay using software to fallback to the shared memory, thus enabling screenshot capture. Secondary ... for their Embedded Graphics Drivers that the overlay can be attached to either one of the displays but not to both note the Intel 945, G33 Q965 chipsets as of 2009 alt now have dual hardware overlay ... , and some newer Matrox graphics card support overlay on both displays for example, the Parhelia ... overlay on the second display while their drivers may not yet support it note as of 2008 alt recent ... redirect hardware overlay to the TV screen. In this case, starting a DVD player on the main screen with overlay enabled would result in video being displayed on the attached TV screen. Implementations ... more details
wikify date November 2009 Also known as End System or Peer to Peer Multicast . High bandwidth multi source multicast among widely distributed nodes is a critical capability for a wide range of important applications including audio and video conferencing, multi party games and content distribution. Throughout the last decade, a number of research projects have explored the use of multicast as an efficient and scalable mechanism to support such group communication applications. Multicast decouples the size of the receiver set from the amount of state kept at any single node and potentially avoids redundant communication in the network. The limited deployment of IP Multicast, a best effort network layer multicast protocol, has led to considerable interest in alternate approaches that are implemented at the application layer, using only End System end systems . In an overlay or end system multicast approach participating peers organize themselves into an overlay topology for data delivery. Each edge in this topology corresponds to a unicast path between two end systems or peers in the underlying Internet . All multicast related functionality is implemented at the peers instead of at routers, and the goal of the multicast protocol is to construct and maintain an efficient overlay for data transmission. End System Multicast Streaming for the Masses End System Multicast ESM is a revolutionary peer to peer media streaming technology that lets you view and broadcast live streaming media. Disadvantages Slow in spreading the data. Long latency. Duplicate packets at certain points. See also Peercasting External links RFC 3170 http www.tldp.org HOWTO Multicast HOWTO.html Multicast over TCP IP HOWTO http www.aqualab.cs.northwestern.edu projects.html Nemo Resilient Overlay Multicast http www.aqualab.cs.northwestern.edu projects.html FatNemo Emulating FatTrees for Overlay Multisource Multicast http esm.cs.cmu.edu End System Multicast http www.samrg.org bib Bibliography on overlay ... more details
Currency overlay is a financial trading strategy or method conducted by specialist firms who manage the currency exposures of large clients, typically institutions such as pension funds, endowments and corporate entities. Typically the institution will have a pre existing exposure to foreign currencies, and will be seeking to limit the risk from adverse movements in exchange rates, i.e. Hedge finance hedge and attempt to profit from tactical foreign exchange views, i.e. speculate . The currency overlay manager will conduct foreign exchange Hedge finance hedging on their behalf, selectively placing and removing hedges to achieve the objectives of the client. Many types of currency overlay accounts are more focused on the speculative aspect, i.e. profiting from currency movements. These so called ... futures contracts, or currency options. Passive currency overlay Currency hedging can be done passively or actively. The stream of returns from passive currency overlay is negatively correlated with international equities, has an expected return of zero, and does not employ any capital. The overlay ... against exchange rate fluctuations. A decision list for a passive overlay manager would include ref ..., The hedged portfolio The benchmark The investor s cash flow preferences Active currency overlay Active currency overlay requires management style decisions on the part of the manager, based on the types ... currency overlay are as follows ref name Record Record, Neil 2003 . Currency Overlay ref Fundamental ... rate bias. ref name Record References Harris, Louise 2006 . Currency Overlay An Introduction Record, Neil 2003 . http www.amazon.com Currency Overlay Wiley Finance Record dp 0470850272 ref sr 1 1?s books&ie UTF8&qid 1322221326&sr 1 1 Currency Overlay The Wiley Finance Series Smith, Ralph 2003 . Currency Hedging for European investors Xin, Dr Hai 2003 . http www.amazon.com Currency Overlay Practical Hai Xin dp 1904339174 Currency Overlay A Practical Guide Book UBS . Second edition to be released ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 An overlay is a poker term generally used to describe the gap between a poker tournament poker tournament s guaranteed prize pool and the actual prize pool generated by entrants. For example, if a tournament has a guaranteed prize pool of 10,000, a buy in of 100 and 90 players enter, the players will contribute only 9,000 to the prizepool. The rest of the prizepool in this example 1,000 &mdash made up by the tournament host&mdash would be the overlay for the tournament. Overlays are far more common in online poker than in live poker simply due to the volume of tournaments online and the fierce competition for players online. Category Poker gameplay and terminology poker stub ... more details
refimprove date April 2011 In telephony , especially in NANP North America , an overlay plan is the practice of introducing a new area code by applying it onto a geography geographic area that is already ... area. Methodology Prior to the introduction of overlay plans, the method of introducing new area codes ... became known as a split plan . In a number of cases, overlay plans were implemented on a special ... making the 202 area code an overlay over the entire region. This meant a number in Virginia, actually ... of area code 202 as an overlay was discontinued, and callers in the area dialing an out of area code ..., in 1992 the telecommunication industry began to introduce overlay plans as a means to introduce ... assigned numbers in the overlay plan areas would have the new area code. As a result, two telephones .... Compromise However, overlay plans introduced a new inconvenience mandatory 10 digit dialing i.e. ... of remembering all the area codes in a geographic area made overlay plans only marginally less unpopular ... areacode.html archivedate May 11, 2009 ref Popularity Overlay plans have been used much more widely ... by two large overlay complexes, as is northern List of Georgia area codes Georgia . List of Connecticut ... recognizes different forms of overlays Distributed overlay or all services overlay an entire ... concentrated overlay only the high growth portion of an existing area gains a second area code. Multiple concentrated overlay the entire existing area gains multiple additional area codes, each of which ... in the NANPA. Multiple area distributed overlay two or more area codes gain a single new area ... 780 780 . Boundary extension overlay a neighboring area code either an overlay code or single primary ... specific overlay the first overlay area code in the NANPA, Area code 917 917 , is the only example ... by split or overlay plans, led to a change in the rules of number block allocation, in order to conserve ... an overlay in 2001. Area code 564 , originally planned for introduction in October 2001, was canceled ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 BATON , BAlanced Tree Over lay Network, is a distributed tree structure for Peer to Peer P2P systems. Different from other overlays that use a distributed hash table DHT , such as in the Chord peer to peer Chord system, BATON organizes peers in a distributed tree to support range search. In addition, BATON tries to keep the tree in a balanced manner as the Avl tree AVL tree . And hence, the search cost is bounded by O logN . Architecture Image Baton.JPG right 500px BATON Overlay BATON is a binary tree. Each node in BATON keeps four kinds of links link to its parent node links to its child nodes links to its adjacent nodes in in order links to the routing nodes in the same level In each tree level, the node is named by its position in the tree. For example, node h is named 3 0, node i is named 3 1 and node p is named 4 6. For a node at position p, it will fill its left routing table by nodes at position p 2 sup x sup for any valid math x geq 0 math and fill its right routing table by nodes at position p 2 sup y sup for any valid math y geq 0 math . Node Joining and Leaving The new node s joining request will always be forwarded to the leaf node. The leaf node will check to see whether it routing table is full. If the routing table is full, this level is full of nodes and the leaf node can accept the new node as its child to create a new level node. Otherwise, it must forward the new node to take over one of the empty positions. When a node wants to leave the network, it must update the routing tables of its parent node, child nodes, adjacent nodes and routing nodes. If this node is a leaf node, it can leave the network safely. Otherwise, it must find a leaf node to replace its position. Routing In BATON, each node maintains a continuous key space. Once a new node joins as its child, it splits its space and assigns half of it to the child. In this partition way, if we travel the tree in in order, we can search the whole space in ascendant ord ... more details
For the division of a single program to reduce memory requirements Overlay programming Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 mergeto Chain loading date August 2011 In operating system s, an overlay is when a process computing process replaces itself with the code of another program. On Unix like systems, this is accomplished with the tt Exec operating system exec tt system call. In Unix , the only way to run new programs is to fork operating system fork the running process, and then overlay the new program on top of the child process child . This is known as the fork exec technique. See also Chain loading DEFAULTSORT Overlay Operating System Category Process computing Operating system stub ko ... more details
Resilient Overlay Networks RON is an architecture that allows distributed Internet applications to detect and recover from disconnection or interference. Current wide area routing protocols that take at least several minutes to recover from are improved upon with this application layer overlay. The RON nodes monitor the Internet paths among themselves and will determine whether or not to reroute packets directly over the internet or over other RON nodes thus optimizing application specific metrics. ref http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 502048 ACM Digital Library ref Design br The Resilient Overlay Network has a relatively simple conceptual design. RON nodes are deployed at various locations on the Internet. These nodes form an application layer overlay that cooperate in routing packets. Each of the RON nodes monitor the quality of the Internet paths between each other and uses this information to accurately and automatically select paths from each packet, thus reducing the amount of time required needed to recover from poor Quality of service QoS ref http citeseerx.ist.psu.edu viewdoc summary?doi 10.1.1.21.4823 Resilient Overlay Networks ref References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist Categories Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Distributed computing ... more details
A Historic overlay district is a layer of local planning regulation in the United States which incorporates the restrictions of the underlying zoning for a given geographic area, with the main goal of Historic preservation preserving the historic character of the neighborhood. Historic Overlay Districts versus Historic Districts Historic overlay districts differ from Historic district United States historic districts in that they are solely a form of local zoning regulations, and require only passage by a city council or county commission rather than a vote by all landowners in the affected area. ref http www.cttrust.org index.cgi 2075 ref Early development Historic overlay districts have been increasingly used as a more flexible tool for municipal historic regulation since their inception in the mid twentieth century. Courts in all United States of America 50 states have generally upheld the powers of municipal governments to regulate property by use of overlay districts, and courts in many states, as well as the United States Supreme Court have upheld the use of historic overlay districts specifically. ref A S P Associates v. City of Raleigh, 298 N.C. 207, 258 S.E.2d 444 1979 see also Maher v. City of New Orleans, 516 F.2d 1051 5th Cir. 1975 and Penn Central Transp. Co. v. New York City, 438 U.S. 104 1978 ref The stated goal of most historic overlay districts is to preserve the overall historic atmosphere and appearance of a neighborhood as a whole, rather than merely spot lighting specific buildings throughout a generally historic area. ref Maher v. City of New Orleans, 516 F.2d 1051 5th Cir. 1975 ref Historic district creation today The creation of historic districts varies ... body has the final say as to the creation of a historic overlay district. Many districts are accompanied ... statute must be in place expressly allowing the creation of historic overlay districts by towns ... ref Challenges Like most zoning ordinances, historic overlay districts and the decisions of local ... more details
Medium density overlay panel, or MDO panel, is a paintable surface made of plywood with a weather resistant resin overlay bonded to the wood by heat and pressure.The overlay, which has at least 27 resin content, ref cite book title Voluntary Product Standard PS 1 page 20 year 2009 publisher APA The Engineered Wood Association ref resists water, weather, wear and degradation. A similar product with a more rugged, smoother surface is called high density overlay HDO plywood. ref name Guide cite book title HDO MDO Plywood Product Guide year 2002 publisher APA The Engineered Wood Association url http www.plumcreek.com Portals 0 downloads productInfo MDO.pdf ref rp page 4 Development Originally developed for sign painting and concrete formwork industries, MDO is also used for other applications ref name Guide rp page 5 as a paintable surface. Paint finishes on MDO are up to three times more durable than the same finish applied to ordinary plywood It is a plywood product, with a paper face overlaid on the plywood substrate building substrate with an exterior grade usually phenol ic adhesive. MDO is designed to have a smooth, paint receptive surface. One or both faces can be surfaced with paper, and is produced in 4 x 8 sheets from 3 8 to over an inch in thickness. References Reflist External links http www.canply.org english products overlaidplywood.htm Woodworking Category Engineered wood Woodworking stub ... more details
wikify date April 2011 orphan date May 2010 Dynamic drive overlay DDO, also referred to as software translation driver is a software technique to extend a system BIOS that does not support logical block addressing LBA to access drives Logical block addressing LBA.2C ATA devices and Enhanced BIOS larger than 504 MiB . The technology was continued with similar types of problems up to the LBA 48 extension. This technique overrides some of the motherboard BIOS hard disk controller driver in RAM. To allow access to the full size of any hard disk the software must be loaded before other programs try to access the upper parts of a disk with a critical size. To ensure that this extension gets loaded early most often the boot disk s master boot record is modified and the software installed at the beginning of the disk. The most widespread vendor for such an extension is the company Ontrack Company Ontrack which is licensing its DDO component to several of the major hard disk vendors for integration into their management tools and into their products. The application of a Dynamic Drive Overlay DDO , as licensed to Samsung Corporation for example by Kroll Ontrack s version in their Disk Manager program, is for the installation of various hard drives Ultra Super IDE Parallel ATA in computers that have older bios that do not recognize hard disk drives larger than 137.4 Gigabytes. ref http pcworld.about.com magazine 2306p148id120355.htm ref The interface is a software program that is loaded at start up by the computer that allows the computer by augmenting the bios code allowing the computer to recognize and read areas of the hard disk drive that normally would not be able to read by the older bios. References reflist Category BIOS compu prog stub de Dynamic Drive Overlay ... more details
Device configuration overlay DCO is a hidden area on many of today s hard disk drive s HDDs . Usually when information is stored in either the DCO or host protected area HPA , it is not accessible by the BIOS , operating system OS , or the user. However, certain tools can be used to modify the HPA or DCO. The system uses the IDENTIFY DEVICE command to determine the supported features of a given hard drive, but the DCO can report to this command that supported features are nonexistent or that the drive is smaller than it actually is. To determine the actual size and features of a disk, the DEVICE CONFIGURATION IDENTIFY command is used, and the output of this command can be compared to the output of IDENTIFY DEVICE to see if a DCO is present on a given hard drive. Most major tools will remove the DCO in order to fully image a hard drive, using the DEVICE CONFIGURATION RESET command. This permanently alters the disk, unlike with the Host Protected Area HPA , which can be temporarily removed for a power cycle. ref name carrier POV date July 2011 Uses The Device Configuration Overlay DCO , which was first introduced in the ATA 6 standard, allows system vendors to purchase HDDs from different manufacturers with potentially different sizes, and then configure all HDDs to have the same number of sectors. An example of this would be using DCO to make an 80 gigabyte HDD appear as a 60 gigabyte HDD to both the OS and the BIOS.... Given the potential to place data in these hidden areas, this is an area of concern for computer forensics investigators. An additional issue for forensic investigators is Disk image imaging the HDD that has the HPA and or DCO on it. While certain vendors claim that their tools are able to both properly detect and image the HPA, they are either silent on the handling ... of a drive with hidden sectors in either a Host Protected Area or a Device Configuration Overlay ... date July 2011 DEFAULTSORT Device Configuration Overlay Category AT Attachment Category Computer forensics ... more details
No footnotes date August 2011 The Map Overlay and Statistical System MOSS , is a GIS software technology. Development of MOSS began in late 1977 and was first deployed for use in 1979. MOSS represents a very early public domain , open source GIS development predating the better known GRASS by 5 years. MOSS utilized a polygon based data structure in which point, line, and polygon features could all be stored in the same file. The user interacted with MOSS via a command line interface . History In the middle 1970s, coal mining activities required Federal agencies to evaluate the impacts of Surface mining strip mine development on wildlife and wildlife habitat. They were further tasked with evaluating and making recommendations regarding habitat mitigation. In 1976, the US Fish and Wildlife Service FWS issued a Request For Proposals RFP for developing a Geographic Information System GIS for environment impact and habitat mitigation studies. The scope of the project included completing a User Needs assessment, developing a GIS functional scope, evaluating existing GIS technologies, and making recommendations to the USFWS as to the appropriate course of action for the development and deployment of GIS technology. In late 1976, the contract was awarded to the Federation of Rocky Mountain States, a not for profit organization that eventually evolved into the Western Governors Policy Office. For the first six months of 1977, the project team worked on two tasks A User Needs Assessment and an Inventory of Existing GIS technology. The needs assessment involved interviewing wildlife biologists, natural resources planners, and other professionals that would be involved in wildlife habitat definition and habitat mitigation. The results of the assessment were published in the summer of 1977. Concurrently, Carl Reed did an inventory of existing public domain and commercial GIS technology. Approximately 70 different mapping and List of GIS software GIS software packages were identified ... more details
cs European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service de European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service es EGNOS fr European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service it EGNOS he nl European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service ja EGNOS no European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System pl European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service pt EGNOS ru EGNOS sr fi EGNOS sv European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service uk EGNOS zh ... more details
Orphan date March 2012 essay like date February 2011 The Maritime Industrial Zoning Overlay District MIZOD was created in Baltimore, Maryland in 2004 to preserve deepwater access for port and sea maritime industrial uses. As waterfront Residential development residential and commercial development encroached on maritime industrial uses within the city, waterfront industries were finding it harder to receive loan s from bank s to upgrade and expand their operations. MIZOD is an zoning district that is put overlaid on existing industrial zone s along the water to allow for only industrial uses that use or need deep water access. The Overlay district was set to expire in 2014, but was recently extended to expire in 2024. History and Enactment Baltimore, Maryland s port came in danger of withering into obscurity due to practically unrestrained development of the waterfront by commercial and residential developers. The development of Harbor Place on the downtown waterfront in 1980 near the then vacant Inner Harbor steamship docks was the harbinger of commercial and residential waterfront development on industrial lands in Baltimore. The 1990s and 2000s lead to rapid development and reuse of industrial buildings, including Tide Point , the reuse of a soap manufacturer into offices and Silo Point , which converted an unused grain silo into a high rise condominium development These projects were important in the development of the Marine Industrial Overlay District MIZOD in 2004 to limit the use of land in the district to uses served by the deep water ports. This included forbidding ... the following in the legislative file which enacted MIZOD The Maritime Industrial Overlay District ... core of a city. Resistance to MIZOD Maritime Industrial Zoning Overlay Districts met resistance ... of larger ships. References Baltimore Development Corporation. 2007. Maritime Overlay District ... Along Los Angeles Times 6 1 09. Maritime Industrial Zoning Overlay District MIZOD Draft Summary ... more details
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