unreferenced date January 2008 Bioirrigation , or simply irrigation , refers to the process of benthos benthic organism s flushing their burrow s with overlying water . The exchange of dissolved substances between the porewater and overlying seawater that results is an important process in the context of the biogeochemistry of the oceans. Category Irrigation ecology stub ... more details
Jemo may be Jemo Island , of the Marshall Islands, an island in the Pacific Ocean Jemo band Jemo is also a soil type on tropical islands and atoll s, characterized by raw humus overlying phosphate phosphatic hardpan . It originates from Leaching pedology leaching of guano . disamb ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin Fascia deltoidea GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 03 DorlandsSuf 12355013 The Deltoid fascia is a fibrous Biological membrane membrane overlying the deltoid muscle of the shoulder . Category Muscles of the upper limb Category Shoulder muscle stub Muscles of upper limb gl Fascia deltoide ... more details
In igneous petrology flux melting occurs when water and other volatile components are added to a hot solid rock. The ultramafic rock of the upper mantle can be melted by the addition of volatiles from below. The source of the water and volatiles is the subducting slab of oceanic crust which releases the volatiles by metamorphic dewatering into the mantle wedge overlying a subduction zone . The partial melting triggered by the incorporation of volatiles produces mafic magma which rises and igneous differentiation differentiates forming the Igneous rock igneous and volcanic rock s of the overlying volcanic arc . ref Wallace, Paul J., Volatiles in subduction zone magmas concentrations and fluxes based on melt inclusion and volcanic gas data, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 140 2005 pp. 217 240 ref References Reflist Category Petrology Category Plate tectonics petrology stub ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2010 In oceanography and limnology , the sediment water interface is the boundary between bed sediment and the overlying water column. The topography of this Interface chemistry interface is often dynamic, as it is affected by physical processes e.g. ocean current current s causing rippling or resuspension and biological processes e.g. bioturbation generating mounds or trenches . DEFAULTSORT Sediment Water Interface Category Oceanography Ocean stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In geology , a claypan is a dense, compact, slowly permeable layer in the subsoil having a much higher clay content than the overlying material, from which it is separated by a sharply defined boundary. Claypans are usually hard when dry, and plastic and sticky when wet. They limit or slow the downward movement of water through the soil . See also Hardpan Category Geomorphology Category Types of soil Soil sci stub ... more details
The nasal bridge is the name given to the upper, bony part of the human nose nose , overlying the nasal bone s. A lower or higher than average nasal bridge can be a sign of various genetic disorder s, such as fetal alcohol syndrome . A flat nasal bridge can be a sign of Down Syndrome Trisomy 21 , Fragile X Syndrome , and or Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. See also Bridge piercing References reflist Category Nose musculoskeletal stub ... more details
Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma typically presents as a deeply circumscribed, freely movable, rounded nodule ranging from 2 to 15mm in diameter, with overlying skin that may have a reddish or violaceous tint. ref name Andrews James, William Berger, Timothy Elston, Dirk 2005 . Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology . 10th ed. . Saunders. ISBN 0 7216 2921 0. ref rp 627 See also Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma Leiomyoma Skin lesion References reflist Dermal growth stub Category Dermal and subcutaneous growths ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 For the style of coin, see Klippe coin . image thrust system en.jpg thumb right 350px Schematic overview of a thrust system. The shaded material is called a nappe . The erosional hole is called a window geology window or fenster . The klippe is the isolated block of the nappe overlying autochthonous material. A klippe Danish language Danish for cliff or crag is a geological feature of thrust fault terrains. The klippe is the remnant portion of a nappe after erosion has removed connecting portions of the nappe. This process results in an outlier of exotic, often nearly horizontally translated strata overlying wiktionary autochthonous autochthonous strata. Chief Mountain , Montana and Mount Yamnuska , Alberta, Canada are examples of a klippe. Category Structural geology Category Danish words and phrases Geology stub ca Klippe de Klippe Geologie es Isla tect nica fr Klippe it Klippe nl Klippe pl Czapka tektoniczna ... more details
Fracture blisters occur on skin overlying a fractured bone, and fractures complicated by the development of overlying blisters remain a clinical dilemma in orthopedics. ref name pmid17088664 cite journal author Strauss EJ, Petrucelli G, Bong M, Koval KJ, Egol KA title Blisters associated with lower extremity fracture results of a prospective treatment protocol journal J Orthop Trauma volume 20 issue 9 pages 618 22 year 2006 month October pmid 17088664 doi 10.1097 01.bot.0000249420.30736.91 url ref ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 43 References reflist Cutaneous condition stub Category Skin conditions resulting from physical factors ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 unreferenced date March 2011 Enamel Hypocalcification is a defect of tooth Tooth enamel enamel in which normal amounts of enamel are produced but are hypomineralized. In this defect the enamel is softer than normal. Etiologic factors may occur locally, affecting only a single tooth, or they may act systemically, affecting all teeth in which enamel is being formed. Local Trauma medicine trauma or abscess formation can adversely affect the ameloblast s overlying a developing Crown tooth crown , resulting in enamel hypocalcification or hypoplasia . Affected teeth may have areas of coronal discoloration, or they may have actual pits and irregularities. This is most commonly seen in permanent teeth in which the overlying deciduous tooth becomes abscessed or is physically forced into the enamel organ of the permanent tooth. The resulting hypoplastic or hypocalcified permanent tooth is sometimes known as Turner s tooth. Category Dental enamel Category Dental disorders ... more details
Image Saluda Fm flame structure.jpg thumb Section of hand sample of dolomitic siltstone showing a flame structure at top. From Interstate 71 I 71 , exit 28, Kentucky. Probably Upper Ordovician Saluda Dolomite . A flame structure is a type of sedimentary structure soft sediment deformation that forms in Lithification unlithified sediments. The weight of an overlying stratum bed forces an underlying bed to push up through the overlying bed, generally when both strata are saturated with water. The resulting pattern in cross section may resemble flame s. In order for the flame structure to occur, the overlying bed must be of a higher density that the underlying bed, or there must be differential pressures in the upper bed. ref name Anketell Anketell, J. M. et al. 1970 On the deformational structures in systems with reversed density gradients Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego Annals of the Geological Society of Poland 40 pp. 3&ndash 30 ref ref Collinson, John D. 1994 Sedimentary deformational structures pp. 95&ndash 125 In Maltman, Alex J. editor 1994 The Geological Deformation of Sediments Chapman and Hall, London, ISBN 978 0 412 40590 7 ref Basically prior to flaming these structures are unstable, ref Owen, G. 1996 Experimental soft sediment deformation Structures formed by the liquefaction of unconsolidated sands and some ancient examples Sedimentology 43 2 pp. 279&ndash 293 ref under pressure, ref name Anketell and then subject to additional stress, such as being triggered by earthquakes. ref Brodzikowski, K., and Haluszczak, A. 1987 Flame structures and associated deformations in Quaternary glaciolacustrine and glaciodeltaic deposits Examples from central Poland Geological Society of London Special Publications 29 1 pp. 279&ndash 286 ref Earthquakes over Seismic scale magnitude 6, can initiate flaming in large hundreds to thousands of square kilometres areas, but flaming can also be caused by as little as the repeated pound ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 Overburden pressure , also called lithostatic pressure or vertical stress , is the pressure or stress physics stress imposed on a layer of soil or Rock geology rock by the weight of overlying material. The overburden pressure at a depth z is given by math p z p 0 g int 0 z rho z , dz math where &rho z is the density of the overlying rock at depth z and g is the Standard gravity acceleration due to gravity . p sub 0 sub is the datum geodesy datum pressure, like the pressure at the surface. It may be noted that the above equation implies that gravitational acceleration is a constant over z since it is placed outside of the integral. Strictly speaking, for almost all boundary conditions, g should appear inside the integrand since g is a function of the distance from mass. However, since g varies little over depths which are a very small fraction of the Earth s radius, it is placed outside of the integral in practice for most near surface applications which require an assessment of lithostatic pressure. In deep earth geophysics geodynamics, gravitational acceleration varies significantly over depth, demanding that g be taken, at least, as a function of depth. See also Sedimentary rock Effective stress Pore water pressure Geotechnical engineering Category Geophysics Category Soil mechanics Geology stub civil engineering stub de Lithostatischer Druck it Pressione litostatica nl Lithostatische druk pt Press o litost tica ... more details
Lunar geo time File Lunar Olivine Basalt 15555 from Apollo 15 in National Museum of Natural History.jpg thumb Lunar olivine basalt formed around 3.3 billion years ago. In the Lunar geologic timescale , the Late Imbrian epoch occurred between 3800 million years ago to about 3200 million years ago. It was the Series stratigraphy epoch during which the earth s mantle mantle below the lunar basins partially melted and filled them with basalt . The melting is thought to have occurred because the impacts of the Early Imbrian thinned the overlying rock either causing the mantle to rise because of the reduced pressure on it, bringing molten material closer to the surface or the top melting as heat flowed upwards through the mantle because of reduced overlying thermal insulation. The majority of lunar samples returned to earth for study come from this epoch. The Earth equivalent consists of three quarters of the Archean eon. Timeline Lunar Geological Timescale Sources http www.medical answers.org hd index.php?t Late Imbrian Medical Answers Unreferenced date June 2007 Category Lunar geologic periods Moon stub br Imbrian Uhel ca Imbri superior da vre Imbrian es Per odo mbrico Superior it Imbriano superiore nl Laat Imbrium ja ru sv Yngre Imbrian vi K Imbrium Mu n ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Suprapineal recess Latin recessus suprapinealis GraySubject 189 GrayPage 816 Image Gray736.png Caption Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 438 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 05 DorlandsSuf 12696899 The suprapineal recess is an anatomical structure in the ventricular system of the brain . It is located in the posterior part of the third ventricle , overlying the cerebral aqueduct . Additional images gallery Image Gray735.png Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from above. gallery Diencephalon DEFAULTSORT Suprapineal Recess Category Neuroanatomy Neuroanatomy stub no Recessus suprapineale nn Recessus suprapineale ... more details
The Chitarwata Formation is a Stratum geological formation in western Pakistan , made up of Oligocene and early Miocene terrestrial facies. It is dominated by coastal paleoenvironments estuary estuarine , strandplain and Mudflat tidal flat . Paleomagnetism Paleomagnetic data indicates an age range of around 22 to 17 or 18 million years, with its base in the Oligocene , and its upper boundary, where it meets the overlying Vihowa Formation , of earliest Miocene . Together with the Vihowa Formation, the Chitarwata Formation records the sedimentation of the Himalayan foreland basin during the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates, the transition from marginal marine to fluvial environments, and the tectonic uplift rise of the Himalayas . Reference External Link http palaeo electronica.org 2005 1 downing20 intro.htm Palaeontologica Electronica Protected areas of Pakistan Category Geology of Pakistan Category Oligocene Category Miocene Category Geologic formations geologic formation stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Wolds is a term used in England to describe a range of hills which consists of open country overlying a base of limestone or chalk . There are at least two such areas, both remnants of a much larger chalk system. They are geologically a single range but are physically separated by the Humber Estuary . See Lincolnshire Wolds Yorkshire Wolds In addition there are the Cotswolds , which are a range of limestone hills in the South West of England. Coord 53.75 0.50 type mountain dim 120000 region GB display title Category Mountains and hills of England EastRiding geo stub Lincolnshire geo stub es The Wolds ... more details
File Petrified Dunes in Arches NP2.jpeg 175 px right Petrified Dunes in Arches National park The Petrified Dunes are a series of rock formations located in Arches National Park . ref http www.go utah.com Arches National Park ref The dunes can be found just off of the park road between the Courthouse Towers and the Windows Area. The formation was produced when ancient sand dunes Petrification hardened into stone under the overlying subsequent material, which later Erosion eroded away. ref http www.parksonline.org parks ada arches index.html ref References reflist coord 38 40 20 N 109 34 49 W display title Category Landforms of Grand County, Utah Category Arches National Park Category Rock formations in Utah Utah stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Lake stratification topics The profundal zone is a very cold and ordinary zone, such as an ocean or a lake , located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline , the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly. The lack of light in the profundal zone determines the type of biological community that can live in this region, which is distinctly different from the community in the overlying waters. The profundal zone is part of the aphotic zone . See also Benthic zone Littoral Littoral zone Limnetic zone Lake stratification DEFAULTSORT Profundal Zone Category Aquatic ecology Category Aquatic biomes Ecology stub de Profundal et Profundaal hr Profundal kk pl Profundal ru sr sv Profundal ... more details
A Melt Freeze Crust is a potential layer of weakness between snow layers which can be the cause of slab avalanche s. The layer can be created in two instances When the temperature is high enough allowing snow to melt thus creating melt water which is re frozen creating a frozen layer. When rain falls and freezes on the existing snow creating the same frozen layer. The layer becomes a potential weakness when subsequently buried under further snow. Once the tensile stresses are exceeded the layer will fracture allowing the overlying slab of snow to move down the mountain under gravity . The initial slab may be as large as 10,000m and 10 metres thick. Unreferenced date November 2007 Category Snow ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The sacrococcygeal membrane is a tough fibrous Biological membrane membrane about 10mm long which extends from the inferior tip of the sacrum to the body of the coccyx in humans. It covers the inferior limit of the epidural space and is analogous to the ligamentum flavum found at other levels in the Spinal cord spine . It can be found at the apex of an equilateral triangle whose base is formed by the dimples overlying the sacro iliac joints. The cornua of the sacrum may be palpated with a finger the sacrococcygeal membrane lies between and inferior to these. DEFAULTSORT Sacrococcygeal Membrane Category Thorax Anatomy stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Ambulatory phlebectomy is a treatment for superficial varicose veins . The procedure involves the removal of the varicose veins through small 2 3 mm incisions in the skin overlying the veins. The procedure may be performed in hospital or outpatient settings. The procedure may be performed with tumescent local anesthesia, such as with lidocaine. Complications are uncommon, but include paresthesia , bruise bruising , and hematoma . Graded compression stockings are usually worn for 1 2 weeks after the procedure. Patients usually return to normal light activity immediately after the procedure. This procedure is often used as an adjunct to endovenous laser treatment or other endovenous ablations of the Great saphenous greater saphenous vein . Vascular surgery procedures DEFAULTSORT Ambulatory Phlebectomy Category Vascular procedures Treatment stub nl Flebectomie volgens M ller ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin facies costalis pulmonis GraySubject 240 GrayPage 1094 Image Gray970.png Caption Front view of heart and lungs. Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 01 DorlandsSuf 12351711 The costal surface of the lung external or thoracic surface is smooth, convex, of considerable extent, and corresponds to the form of the cavity of the chest, being deeper behind than in front. It is in contact with the costal pleura , and presents, in specimens which have been hardened in situ, slight grooves corresponding with the overlying ribs . External links eMedicineDictionary costal surface of lung GPnotebook 26542023 Gray s respiratory stub Lung Category Lung anatomy ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 K 00 2 k 00 ICD9 ICD9 520.2 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Concrescence is a condition of teeth where the cementum overlying the roots of at least two teeth join together. The cause can sometimes be attributed to physical trauma trauma or crowding of teeth. Surgical separation of the teeth may be necessary if one is to be extraction dental extracted . References Kahn, Michael A. Basic Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Volume 1. 2001. Category Developmental tooth disorders Category Diseases of oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws disease stub Tooth disease ... more details
A sheeted dyke complex or sheeted dike complex is a normal component of an ophiolite , a piece of oceanic crust that has been emplaced within a sequence of continental rocks. ref Condie,K.C. 1997, Plate tectonics and crustal evolution. 4th edition ,Butterworth Heinamann 288p. ref In the original formation environment below the sea floor the dike geology dykes acted as feeders for the overlying sequence of extrusive rocks, typically pillow lava s forming a layer of the oceanic crust . As each injection of a dyke represents one increment of seafloor spreading , each dyke was normally intruded into earlier dykes. The dykes are typically dolerite s but plagiogranites trondhjemite s often form a significant part of the complex. See also Dike swarm References reflist Category Igneous petrology petrology stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
