mandated reformulated gasolines without oxygenate as reformulated gasoline. Groundwater contamination ... ethanol to displace methyl tert iary butyl ether MTBE as the most popular fuel oxygenate in the United ... alcohols prohibit the use of oxygenate compounds in fuels, as they can allow higher fuel burn ... oxygenate compound was found in the car s intake manifold during inspections. See also Oxygenation ... more details
Aquatic plant s are used to give the aquarium a natural appearance, oxygenate the water , and provide Habitat ecology habitat for fish , especially Fry biology fry babies and for invertebrate s. Some aquarium fish and invertebrates also eat live plants. Hobby aquarist s use aquatic plants for aquascaping . Mangroves Black mangrove , Avicennia germinans Red mangrove , Rhizophora mangle White mangrove , both Avicennia marina and Laguncularia racemosa Aquarium Category Fishkeeping Category Aquatic plants Category Lists of plants Brackish aquarium plant species ... more details
Aquatic plant s are used to give the aquarium a natural appearance, oxygenate the water , and provide Habitat ecology habitat for fish , especially Fry biology fry babies and for invertebrate s. Some aquarium fish and invertebrates also eat live plants. Hobby aquarist s use aquatic plants for aquascaping . Seagrass es Turtle grass , Thalassia hemprichii and Thalassia testudinum Manatee grass , Syringodium filiforme Aquarium Category Fishkeeping Category Aquatic plants Category Lists of plants Marine aquarium plant species ... more details
THB is a three letter abbreviation that may mean The Holy Bible Tetrahydrobiopterin Thai baht Baht ISO 4217 code THB , the currency in Thailand Human Trafficking , Trafficking in Human Beings THB comics THB comics , and its eponymous character T ri H ydro B i Oxygenate Thigh length boots Thigh High Boots Thomas Hart Benton painter 1889 1975 Thomas Hart Benton senator 1782 1858 , U.S. Senator from Missouri and great uncle of the painter Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway Three Horses Beer , a beer made in Madagascar The Homegrown Band, a jam rock band based in Middle Tennessee disambig zh yue THB de THB fr THB it THB ... more details
An artificial lung is a prosthesis prosthetic device that is implanted into the body to replace biological Lung lungs . It is different from a heart lung machine in that it is internal and designed to take over the functions of the lungs for long periods of time rather than on a temporary basis. Recent developments include a device that uses small hollow fibers and the heart s own pumping power to oxygenate blood. It may be necessary for a person to receive artificial lungs if theirs become diseased or damaged beyond repair. ref http web.archive.org web 20070614112000 http www.med.umich.edu opm newspage 2002 artificiallung.htm UMHS News Release Bot generated title ref ref http blog.case.edu think 2011 07 25 artificial lung mimics real organas design and efficiency ref References reflist See also Heart lung machine Lung transplantation Medical ventilator medical equipment stub Category Artificial organs ... more details
refimprove date March 2011 McLaren Lake Regional Park is located in the southwest part of the Province of Saskatchewan , near the villages of Richmound, Saskatchewan Richmound and Golden Prairie, Saskatchewan Golden Prairie, SK and Schuler, Alberta Schuler, AB . The lake is approximately 2 km long and 0.5 km wide with the park area located on the east end. The lake has been stocked with rainbow trout over the last number of years and five wind power ed Water aeration aeration systems have been installed to oxygenate the lake during the winter months. The regional park, open from May 1st to September 15th, has powered and unpowered campsite s, firepit s, sewage disposal , a concession stand , camp kitchen, playground , shower s, flush toilet s, ball diamond , horseshoe pit s, dock and beach area. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links http www.richmound.ca mclarenlake.html Categories coord missing Saskatchewan Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Regional parks of Canada Category Parks in Saskatchewan ... more details
Gasoline additives increase gasoline s octane rating or act as corrosion inhibitor s or lubricant s, thus allowing the use of higher compression ratio s for greater efficiency and power, however some carry heavy environmental risks. Types of additives include metal deactivator s, corrosion inhibitor s, oxygenate s and antioxidant s. Additives Oxygenate s Alcohols Methanol MeOH Ethanol EtOH Isopropyl alcohol IPA n Butanol n butanol BuOH Gasoline grade tert Butanol t butanol GTBA Ether s Methyl tert butyl ether MTBE Now outlawed in many states for road use. Tertiary amyl methyl ether TAME Tertiary hexyl methyl ether THEME ETBE Ethyl tertiary butyl ether ETBE Tertiary amyl ethyl ether TAEE Diisopropyl ether DIPE Antioxidant s, stabilizers Butylated hydroxytoluene BHT 2,4 Dimethyl 6 tert butylphenol 2,6 Di tert butylphenol 2,6 DTBP p Phenylenediamine Ethylene diamine Antiknock agent s Tetra ethyl lead Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl MMT Ferrocene Iron pentacarbonyl Toluene Isooctane Triptane Lead Scavenger chemistry scavengers for leaded gasoline Tricresyl phosphate TCP also an AW additive and EP additive 1,2 Dibromoethane 1,2 Dichloroethane Fuel dyes , most common Solvent Red 24 Solvent Red 26 Solvent Yellow 124 Solvent Blue 35 Fuel additives in general Ether and other flammable hydrocarbons have been used extensively as starting fluid for many difficult to start engines, especially diesel engine s Nitrous oxide , or simply nitrous , is an oxidizer used in auto racing Nitromethane , or nitro, is a high performance racing fuel Acetone is a vaporization additive, mainly used with methanol racing fuel to improve vaporisation at start up Butyl rubber as polyisobutylene succinimide, detergent to prevent fouling of Diesel engine diesel fuel injector s Picrate improves combustion, increases fuel mileage Silicone is an anti foaming agent for diesel fuel, but may damage oxygen sensor s in gasoline engines Tetranitromethane can increase the cetane number of diesel f ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE tert Amyl methyl ether chembox verifiedrevid 458038308 Reference ref name chemicalland21 cite web title tert AMYL METHYL ETHER 1,1 DIMETHYLPROPYL METHYL ETHER work chemicalland21.com url http chemicalland21.com industrialchem solalc tert AMYL 20METHYL 20ETHER.htm accessdate 2009 10 20 ref ref name nicnas cite web author National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme work Full Public Reports title t Amyl methyl ether TAME year 2001 url http www.nicnas.gov.au publications car new na nafullr na0800fr na878fr.pdf accessdate 2009 10 20 format PDF ref Name tert Amyl methyl ether ImageFileL1 TAME.png ImageSizeL1 120px ImageFileR1 Amyl methyl ether.png ImageSizeR1 120px IUPACName 2 methoxy 2 methylbutane Section1 Chembox Identifiers Abbreviations TAME CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 994 05 8 PubChem 61247 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 55188 SMILES O C C C CC C InChI 1 C6H14O c1 5 6 2,3 7 4 h5H2,1 4H3 InChIKey HVZJRWJGKQPSFL UHFFFAOYAC StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H14O c1 5 6 2,3 7 4 h5H2,1 4H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey HVZJRWJGKQPSFL UHFFFAOYSA N Section2 Chembox Properties C 6 H 14 O 1 Appearance Clear, colorless liquid MeltingPtC 80 BoilingPtC 86.3 Solubility 10.71 g L at 20 C Viscosity Low RefractIndex 1.3896 Density 3.52 vapor Section3 Chembox Hazards FlashPt 11 C Autoignition 430 C ExploLimits Upper Explosive Limit 7.1 Lower Explosive Limit 1.0 tert Amyl methyl ether TAME is an ether used as a fuel oxygenate. It has an ethereous odor . ref name chemicalland21 Unlike most ethers, does not form peroxides on storage. Uses TAME is mostly used as an oxygenate to gasoline. It is added for three reasons to increase octane enhancement, to replace banned tetraethyl lead , and to raise the oxygen content in gasoline . It is known that TAME in fuel reduces exhaust gas exhaust motor vehicle emissions emissions of some volatile organic compounds. ref ... more details
Image Fabada y sidra.jpg thumb right 200px Fabada Asturiana with Sidra, a typical dish of Asturias Asturian cuisine refers to the typical dishes and ingredients found in the cuisine of the Asturias region of Spain . Asturias is especially known for its seafood, such as fresh squid , crab , shrimp and European seabass sea bass . Salmon are caught in Asturian rivers, notably the Sella the first fish of the season is called campanu Bable word for campana , a bell tolled to signal the first catch. The most famous regional dish is Fabada Asturiana , a rich stew made with large white bean s fabes , pork shoulder lac n , morcilla , chorizo , and saffron azafr n . Apple groves foster the production of the traditional alcoholic drink, a natural cider sidra . It is a very dry cider, and unlike French or English natural ciders, uses predominantly acidic apples, rather than sweet or bittersweet. The proportions are acidic 40 , sub acidic 30 25 , sweet 10 15 , bittersweet 15 20 , bitter 5 . ref Museo de la Sidra, Nava Asturias , Spain. http www.museodelasidra.com ref Sidra is traditionally poured in by an expert server or escanciador the bottle is raised high above his or her head to oxygenate the brew as it moves into the glass below. A small amount 120ml is poured at a time called a cul n , as it must be drunk immediately before the sidra loses its carbonation. Any sidra left in the glass is poured onto a woodchip strewn floor or a trough along the bottom of the bar. Asturian cheeses, especially Cabrales cheese Cabrales , are also famous throughout Spain and beyond Cabrales is known for its pungent odour and strong flavour. Asturias is often called the land of cheeses el pais de los quesos due to the product s diversity and quality in this region. Other major dishes include Vicia faba faba beans with clam s, Asturian stew, frixuelo s , and rice pudding . References reflist cuisine Category Asturian cuisine asturias stub spanish cuisine stub ca Gastronomia d Ast ries es Gastron ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 419351384 ImageFile Diisopropyl ether chemical structure.svg Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 7626 InChI 1 C6H14O c1 5 2 7 6 3 4 h5 6H,1 4H3 InChIKey ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ UHFFFAOYAC StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H14O c1 5 2 7 6 3 4 h5 6H,1 4H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 108 20 3 SMILES O C C C C C C Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 14 sub O MolarMass 102.18 g mol Density 0.725 g ml MeltingPt 60 C BoilingPt 69 C Section7 Chembox Hazards EUClass Flammable F EUIndex 603 045 00 X NFPA H 1 NFPA F 3 NFPA R 1 RPhrases R11 , R19 , R66 , R67 SPhrases S2 , S9 , S16 , S29 , S33 FlashPt 28 C Autoignition 443 C ExploLimits 1.4&ndash 7.9 Diisopropyl ether is secondary ether that is used as a solvent . It is a colorless liquid that is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents. It is also used as an oxygenate gasoline additive . Diisopropyl ether is sometimes represented by the abbreviation DIPE . Safety Diisopropyl ether tends to form explosive organic peroxide peroxides upon standing in air for long periods years . This reaction proceeds more easily than for ethyl ether , due to the secondary carbon next to the oxygen atom, which makes storage of diisopropyl ether more dangerous. The stored solvent should therefore be tested for the presence of peroxides more often recommended once every 3 months for diisopropyl ether vs. once every 12 months for ethyl ether ref name OSH Answers Organic peroxides http www.ccohs.ca oshanswers chemicals organic organic peroxide.html ref . For safety reasons, methyl tert butyl ether is often used as an alternative solvent. See also Dimethyl ether Diethyl ether Di tert butyl ether Methyl tert butyl ether References Reflist External links ICSC 0906 09 Category Ethers Category Ether solvents Category Oxygenat ... more details
Cooling down , also called warming down , ref http www.tothenextlevel.org docs coaches corner tips principles warmup cooldown default.asp Rusty Smith Warming Up & Cooling Down Makes for a Better Workout ref is the term used to describe an easy exercise that will allow the body to gradually transition from an exertional state to a resting or near resting state. Depending on the intensity of the exercise, cooling down can involve a slow jog or walk, or with lower intensities, stretching can be used. Cooling down helps remove lactic acid which can cause cramps and Joint stiffness stiffness ref Bale P, James H 1991 Massage, warmdown and rest as recuperative measures after short term intense exercise. Physiotherapy in Sport 13 4 7. ref ref Weltman A, Stamford BA, Fulco C 1979 Recovery from maximal effort exercise lactate disappearance and subsequent performance. Journal of Applied Physiology 47 677 682. ref and allows the heart rate to return to its resting rate. Contrary to popular belief, cool down does not appear to reduce delayed onset muscle soreness delayed onset muscle soreness . ref Law RYW and Herbert RD 2007 Warm up reduces delayed onset muscle soreness but cool down does not a randomised controlled trial. The Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 53 91 95. ref Procedure Cool downs should involve a gradual yet continuous decrease in exercise intensity i.e. from a hard run to an easy jog to a brisk walk , stretching, and rehydration. Durations can vary for different people, but 5 10 minutes is considered adequate. Heart rate During aerobic exercise, peripheral veins, particularly those within muscle, dilate to accommodate the increased blood flow through exercising muscle. The skeletal muscle pump assists in returning blood to the heart and maintaining cardiac output. A sudden cessation of strenuous exercise may cause blood to pool in peripheral dilated veins and the heart must beat faster and harder to adequately oxygenate the body and maintain blood pressure . A ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Tricuspid atresia Image Tricuspid atresia.svg Caption Anterior frontal view of the opened heart. White arrows indicate normal blood flow. Tricuspid valve labeled at bottom left. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 Q 22 4 q 20 ICD9 ICD9 746.1 ICDO OMIM 605067 MedlinePlus 001110 eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 2313 MeshID D018785 Tricuspid atresia is a form of congenital heart disease whereby there is a complete absence of the tricuspid valve . Therefore, there is an absence of right atrioventricular connection. This leads to a hypoplastic undersized or absent right ventricle . This defect is contracted during prenatal development, when the heart does not finish developing. It causes the heart to be unable to properly oxygenate the rest of the blood in the body. Because of this, the body does not have enough oxygen to live, and steps must be taken to keep the child alive. Because of the lack of an A V connection, an atrial septal defect ASD must be present to maintain blood flow. Also, since there is a lack of a right ventricle there must be a way to pump blood into the pulmonary arteries , and this is accomplished by a ventricular septal defect VSD . Blood is mixed in the left atrium . Because the only way the pulmonary circulation receives blood is through the VSD, a patent ductus arteriosus usually also persists to increase pulmonary flow. Clinical manifestations progressive cyanosis poor feeding tachypnea over the first 2 weeks of life holosystolic heart murmur murmur due to the VSD left axis deviation on electrocardiography and left ventricular hypertrophy since it must pump blood to both the pulmonary and systemic systems normal heart size Treatment PGE1 to maintain patent ductus arteriosus modified Blalock Taussig shunt to maintain pulmonary blood flow by placing a Gore Tex conduit between the subclavian artery and the pulmonary artery . cavopulmonary anastomosis hemi Fontan or bidirectional Glenn to provide stable pulmonary flow Fontan procedure to re ... more details
The Zu i sequence was the major cratonic sequence after the Absaroka sequence that began in the latest Jurassic , peaked in the late Cretaceous , and ended by the start of the following Paleocene . ref Stanley, Steven M. Earth System History. p. 175 ref Though it was not the final major transgression geology transgression , it was the last complete sequence to cover the North America n craton the following Tejas sequence was much less extensive. Cause and progression Like other sequences, the Zu i was probably caused by a mantle plume more specifically, the Mid Cretaceous Superplume event. A mass of unusually hot rock rose from the lower mantle to the base of the lithosphere , fueling a dramatic increase mid ocean ridge seafloor spreading rates this caused the hotter mid ocean ridges to increase in volume, thus displacing the oceans onto the continent s. ref Larson, Roger L. The Mid Cretaceous Superplume Episode . Scientific American Special Our Ever Changing Earth. p. 26 ref Sea level rose in earnest beginning in the early Cretaceous, until by Cenomanian time it was roughly 250 meters 800 feet higher than today. ref name Larson, pp. 25 6 Larson, pp. 25 6 ref This was the time of the great Western Interior Seaway and the widespread continental deposition of Carbonate rock carbonate s and shale elsewhere. ref name Larson, pp. 25 6 ref Stanley, pp. 479 80 ref There were also intervals where black shale accumulated in abundance on the continents, indicative of a stagnant water column apparently water in the polar oceans was too warm to sink and oxygenate the deep sea, as it does today. ref name Stanley, p. 480 Stanley, p. 480 ref Many of these black shales are now rich petroleum sources. ref name Stanley, p. 480 The waters of the Zu i sequence began to subside late in the Cretaceous period, and by early in the Cenozoic a new craton wide unconformity in North America indicates a complete regression before the Tejas sequence of the late Paleogene . ref Stanley, p. 175 re ... more details
Infobox comic book title Wikipedia WikiProject Comics title THB image filename format only imagesize default 250 caption schedule ongoing y SciFi y publisher Horse Press br AdHouse Books date THB br October 1994 March 1995 br THB 6 Mek Power br 2000 2001 br Giant THB br 2003 br THB Comics From Mars br July 2007 startmo October startyr 1994 endmo endyr issues THB br 6 br THB 6 Mek Power br 4 br Giant THB br 1 br THB Comics From Mars br 2 main char team writers Paul Pope artists pencillers inkers letterers colorists editors creative team month creative team year creators Paul Pope TPB ISBN TPB ISBN subcat American comics altcat sort THB addpubcat nonUS noimage yes THB is a comic book series by Paul Pope . Publication history Pope published issue one of THB in 1994 during a new wave of black and white independent comic books that included Bone comics Bone , Hepcats , and Starchild comics Starchild . Pope has sporadically published issues of THB , which became THB 6 Mek Power after six issues, then after four issues of that numbered 6a 6d the story continued in Giant THB all published by Horse Press . THB Comics From Mars 1 published by AdHouse Books was an exclusive to the 2007 San Diego Comicon . Pope is finishing the series, and the complete series will be published as Total THB a four volume, full color collection by First Second Books in 2009. ref cite web first Heidi last MacDonald authorlink Heidi MacDonald url http pwbeat.publishersweekly.com blog 2007 07 25 thb lands at first second title THB lands at First Second work The Beat publisher Publishers Weekly date July 25, 2007 accessdate ref Plot A Science fiction sci fi story set on Mars in the future, THB features the adventures of HR Watson, a teenage girl, and her super powered bodyguard, THB whose name stands for Tri Hydro Bi Oxygenate, a fictional molecule created by Pope . THB resembles a small rubber ball carried around by HR Watson, but when activated with water, expands to take the form of a seven foot 2 ... more details
Infobox poultry breed name Ayam Cemani image Cemani.jpg image caption ayam cemani female altname ayam cemani country Indonesia apa apagroup Asiatic aba abagroup maleweight 2 2,5 kg femaleweight 1,5 2 kg skincolor Black eggcolor Cream comb Ayam Cemani is a breed of chicken , originating in Indonesia . It is rarely kept breed. Name Ayam means chicken in Indonesian language and Cemani is name of village on Central Java . Origin The breed originated in Cemani village near Surakarta city on the Java , Indonesia . It was first time imported into Europe in 1998 by Dutch breeder Jan Steverink. Nowadays it is kept in the Netherlands , Germany , Slovakia and Czechia . There are many descendants of the Ayam Cemani including In Sweden the Swedish Black Chicken . It is thought that Ayam Cemani may have been brought to Europe by the Dutch VOC seamen on board the maritime company VOC that had numerous contacts in both Africa and Asia. ref http www.nederlandsepluimveesoc.com Nieuws 20Engels.html European Poultry Society ref Description The birds are completely black black plumage with a greenish shine, black legs and toe nails, black beak and tongue, black comb and wattles, black meat and bones and even dark blood Not Black and organs. The roosters weigh 2 2,5 kg and the hens from 1.5 2 kg. The hens are nonsitters, produce 80 eggs per year of 45 g weight. ref http www.indiez.de html gefluegel Cemani.html Ayam Cemani ref Despite many rumours the blood of the Ayam Cemani is NOT black as this would be a scientific impossibility. When haemoglobin binds oxygen to it is turns red when the O2 is depleted it goes blue hence blue lips in the cold de oxygenated blood is kept in the extremeties and the warm oxygenated blood stays close to the internal organs if you lips were blue and you cut your lip, the blood would still appear red as it would oxygenate the Haemoglobin on contact with the air. See also Kadaknath , another black meat breed References references Chicken Ca ... more details
s present in oxygenate d blood to ignite, causing the person to burn from the inside out. Any ... je blades, to cut his enemies and thus oxygenate their blood. Adam uses a trigger word of Burn to activate ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE Ethyl tert butyl ether chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 413513038 Name Ethyl tert butyl ether Reference ref Merck Index , 11th Edition, 3732 . ref ImageFile Ethyl tertiary butyl ether chemical.png ImageSize 250px ImageFile1 Ethyl tert butyl ether 3D balls.png ImageSize1 160px ImageName1 Ball and stick model IUPACName 2 Ethoxy 2 methyl propane OtherNames Ethyl tert butyl ether br Ethyl tertiary butyl ether br Ethyl tert butyl oxide br tert Butyl ethyl ether br Ethyl t butyl ether Section1 Chembox Identifiers Abbreviations ETBE ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 11996 InChIKey NUMQCACRALPSHD UHFFFAOYAB StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C6H14O c1 5 7 6 2,3 4 h5H2,1 4H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey NUMQCACRALPSHD UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 637 92 3 EINECS 211 309 7 PubChem 12512 SMILES O C C C C CC InChI 1 C6H14O c1 5 7 6 2,3 4 h5H2,1 4H3 RTECS KN4730200 MeSHName ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG ATCCode prefix ATCCode suffix ATC Supplemental Section2 Chembox Properties C 6 H 14 O 1 MolarMass 102.18 Appearance Clear colorless liquid Density 0.7364 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPtC 94 Melting notes BoilingPt 69 71 C Boiling notes Solubility 1.2 g 100 g SolubleOther Solvent pKa pKb Section7 Chembox Hazards EUClass EUIndex MainHazards NFPA H NFPA F NFPA R NFPA O RPhrases R11 R20 SPhrases S16 RSPhrases FlashPt 19 C Autoignition ExploLimits PEL Ethyl tert butyl ether ETBE is commonly used as an oxygenate gasoline additive in the production of gasoline from crude oil . ETBE offers equal or greater air quality benefits than ethanol , while being technically and logistically less challenging. Unlike ethanol, ETBE does not induce evaporation of gasoline, which is one of the causes of smog , and does not hygroscopic absorb moisture from the atmosphere. Synthesis It is synthesized by mixing ethanol and isobutylene ... more details
Multiple issues advert March 2010 peacock March 2010 weasel March 2010 refimprove May 2009 Chi Machine is a passive exercise device invented by a Japanese engineer, Keiichi Ohashi, in 1988. Ohashi s invention was granted a patent by the Japanese Patent Office in 1990 The concept derives from a form of exercise for the pelvic region which is done while lying down, and which is known in Japan as goldfish exercise . Method The idea of providing a machine to swing the feet, and thus to impart the sideways oscillation of the pelvis which is characteristic of goldfish exercise, is said to have been the idea of a Japanese scientist Dr. Shizuo Inoue . He claimed that lack of oxygen in the body is a primary cause of diseases, although this theory is not accepted by modern medicine. The machine is a box like device with an ankle cradle that moves from side to side at approximately 140 oscillations per minute. The user is instructed to lie down flat on the floor and rest their legs on top of the ankle cradle. Marketing The original chi machine was manufactured in Japan by Skylite Corporation, but is promoted outside Japan by a group of network marketing companies owned by Hsin Ten of Taiwan HTE who have trademarked the term The Chi Machine . It holds US FDA approval as a Class 1 Medical Device Regulation 890.5660 ref http www.accessdata.fda.gov scripts cdrh cfdocs cfRL Listing.cfm?ID 71537 ref . It is claimed to oxygenate the body via passive aerobic exercise , which the manufacturer claims stimulates the lymphatic system , and supposedly enables detoxification. In June 2000, HTE Australia, a subsidiary of a manufacturer of the device, contracted with Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia to conduct clinical trials on the impact of the Sun Ancon Chi Machine on the lymphatic system. Led by Professor Neil Piller the clinical trials focused on patients with venous dema and secondary lymphoedema . Results showed loss of fluid and a reduction in pain and swelling http w ... more details
A membrane oxygenator is a device used to add oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. It can be used in two principal modes to imitate the function of the lung s in cardiopulmonary bypass cardiopulmonary bypass CPB , and to oxygenate blood in longer term life support, termed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECMO. A membrane oxygenator consists of a thin gas permeable membrane separating the blood and gas flows in the CPB circuit oxygen diffuses from the gas side into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the gas for disposal. History The history of the oxygenator, or artificial lung, dates back to 1885, with the first demonstration of a disc oxygenator, on which blood was exposed to the atmosphere on rotating discs by Von Frey and Gruber Ref 1 These pioneers noted the dangers of blood streaming, foaming and clotting. In the 1920s and 30s, research into developing extracorporeal oxygenation continued. Working independently, Brukhonenko in the USSR and John Heysham Gibbon in the USA demonstrated the feasibility of extracorporeal oxygenation. Brukhonenko used excised dog lungs while Gibbon used a direct contact drum type oxygenator, perfusing cats for up to 25 minutes in the 1930s Ref 2 Gibbon s pioneering work was rewarded in May 1953 with the first successful cardiopulmonary bypass operation Ref 3 . The oxygenator was of the stationary film type, in which oxygen was exposed to a film of blood as it flowed over a series of stainless steel plates. The disadvantages of direct contact between the blood and air were well recognized, and the less traumatic membrane oxygenator was developed to overcome these. The first membrane artificial lung was demonstrated in 1955 by the group led by Willem Kolff Ref 4 and in 1956 the first disposable membrane oxygenator removed the need for time consuming cleaning before re use Ref 5 . No patent was filed as Kolff believed that doctors should make technology available to all, without mind to profit ... more details
A pulmonary shunt is a physiological condition which results when the alveoli of the lung are perfusion perfused with blood as normal, but Ventilation, physiology ventilation the supply of air fails to supply the perfused region. In other words, the ventilation perfusion ratio the ratio of air reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them is zero. ref name Garay89 cite book author Garay S, Kamelar D chapter Pathophysiology of trauma associated respiratory failure editor Hood RM, Boyd AD, Culliford AT title Thoracic Trauma publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 1989 pages 328 332 isbn 0 7216 2353 0 oclc doi accessdate ref A pulmonary shunt often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be unventilated although they are still perfused. ref name Fraser88 cite book author Fraser, Robert title Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest publisher Saunders location Philadelphia year 1988 pages 139 isbn 0 7216 3870 8 oclc doi accessdate ref Intrapulmonary shunting is the main cause of hypoxemia inadequate blood oxygen in pulmonary edema and conditions such as pneumonia in which the lungs become consolidated. ref name Fraser88 The shunt fraction is the percentage of cardiac output blood put out by the heart that is not completely oxygenated. A small degree of shunt is normal and may be described as physiological shunt . In a normal healthy person, the physiological shunt is rarely over 4 in pathological conditions such as pulmonary contusion , the shunt fraction is significantly greater and even breathing 100 oxygen does not fully oxygenate the blood. ref name Garay89 Pathophysiology Shunt refers to perfusion without ventilation. More specifically, intrapulmonary shunt refers to areas in the lung where perfusion exceeds ventilation. Pulmonary shunting is minimized by the normal reflex Vasoconstriction constriction of pulmonary vasculature to hypoxia. Without this hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, shunt and its hypoxic effects would worsen. For ex ... more details
coord 51.502064 9.305506 type waterbody display title Image Lough Hyne.jpg 380px thumb Lough Hyne 2007 Lough Hyne Irish language Irish Loch Oighinn is a Marine ocean marine lake in West Cork , Ireland , about 5 km southwest of Skibbereen . It was designated as Ireland s first Marine Nature Reserve in 1981. Lough Hyne was probably a freshwater lake until about four millennia ago, when rising sea level s flooded it with saline water saline ocean water. The lake is now fed by tidal Ocean current current s that rush in from the Atlantic through Barloge Creek. The stretch between the creek and the lake is known as The Rapids. The lake s small size, only 0.8 km by 0.6 km, creates an unusual habitat of highly oxygenate d yet warm seawater that sustains an enormous variety of plants and animals, many of which are not found anywhere else in Ireland. A wide variety of Environment biophysical environment s such as cliff s, salt marsh , beach , and areas of greatly varying water movement add to the area s biodiversity . Some of the seawall s around the lake and the Rapids were built as relief work during the Great Hunger . Scientific investigation of the area began in 1886 when William Spotswood Green Rev. William Spottswood Green first recorded the presence of the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus . Prof. Louis Renouf resumed the scientific work in 1923 and promoted it as a biological station and sustained studies have been carried out there since then. It is now one of the most studied sites of its size in the world.Several laboratories were constructed near the shores of the lake, supporting ground breaking ecological research under Prof. Jack Kitching and Dr John Ebling. A history of the marine research was published in 2011 Lough Hyne The Marine Researchers in Pictures . The area is a tourism tourist attraction with a permanent exhibition on the lough and its importance at nearby http www.skibbheritage.com Skibbereen Heritage Centre . The ruins of Sain ... more details
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