, along with typecasting. PEARL is a higher programminglanguage, which allows a comfortable, secure and almost processor independent programming of multitasking and realtime problems and has been standardized since 1977 at various stages of its development, the last time 1998 as PEARL 90 DIN 66253 ...distinguish Perl PEARL , or P rocess and E xperiment A utomation R ealtime L anguage, is a computer programminglanguage designed for Computer multitasking multitasking and real time computing real time programming. Being a high level language , it is fairly cross platform . Since 1977, the language has been going under several standardization steps by the Deutsches Institut f r Normung . The current version is PEARL 90, which was standardized in 1998 as DIN 66253 2. PEARL is not to be confused with the similarly named Perl , an entirely unrelated programminglanguage. Features PEARL supports both Fixed point arithmetic fixed point and floating point numeric values, character and character String ... programming pointer s . External links http www.irt.uni hannover.de pearl index en.html Process and Experiment Automation Realtime Language http www.irt.uni hannover.de pearl pub report.pdf PEARL 90 Language Report PDF Compu lang stub Category Procedural programming languages Category Statically typed programming languages Category Real time computing Category Programming languages created in the 20th century de PEARL te ..., an important principle at the development of PEARL was the easy learning by the programmer. Everyone who already knows a procedural programminglanguage will get acquainted with PEARL in a very short time. All basic data types and language structures of other procedural programming languages exist in PEARL. In addition PEARL offers comfortable language elements for the handling of multitasking and realtime tasks. Like most other high level languages, PEARL supports Subroutine procedures and functions ... more details
like function. ref http books.google.com books?id vO0fBTJKdBcC&q pearl v snippet&q pearl&f false ref Etymology The English word pearl comes from the French language French perle , originally from the Latin ...Other uses Infobox mineral name Pearl boxwidth boxbgcolor image PerlmuttAusst.jpg imagesize 150x150 alt ... A pearl is a hard object produced within the soft tissue specifically the mantle mollusc mantle of a living animal shell shell ed mollusk . Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is made up of calcium ... pearl is perfectly round and smooth, but many other shapes of pearls baroque pearl s occur. The finest ..., and because of this, the word pearl has become a metaphor for something very rare, fine, admirable ... rare. These wild pearls are referred to as natural pearls. Cultured or farmed pearls from pearl oyster ... ref Definition File Black pearl and his shell.jpg thumb A black pearl and a shell of the black lipped pearl oyster File Pearl farm Seram, Indonesia .jpg thumb Saltwater pearl oyster farm, Seram, Indonesia Almost any shelled mollusk can, by natural processes, produce some kind of pearl when an irritating ... pearl is made from layers of nacre , by the same living process as is used in the secretion of the mother of pearl which lines the shell. A natural pearl or wild pearl is one that forms without any human intervention at all, in the wild, and is very rare. Many hundreds of pearl oysters or pearl mussels have to be gathered and opened, and thus killed, in order to find even one wild pearl, and for many ... such extraordinary prices in the past. A cultured pearl is formed in a pearl farm, using human intervention as well as natural processes. One family of nacreous pearl bivalves the pearl oyster lives ... mussel s such as the freshwater pearl mussel . Saltwater pearls can grow in several species of Marine ocean marine pearl oyster s in the Family biology family Pteriidae . Freshwater pearls grow ... Unionidae and Margaritiferidae . File Pearl Oysters.jpg thumb upright left A pearl being extracted ... more details
Infobox programminglanguage name T logo paradigm Multi paradigm programminglanguage multi paradigm Object oriented programming object oriented , Imperative programming imperative , Functional programming functional , metaprogramming meta year 1980s designer Jonathan A. Rees and br Norman I. Adams developer Jonathan A. Rees and br Norman I. Adams latest release version 3.0 release date 1984 8 1 latest release date typing dynamic typing dynamic , strong typing strong influenced by Scheme programminglanguage Scheme influenced EuLisp Joule programminglanguage Joule operating system Cross platform license website file ext The T programminglanguage is a dialect of the Scheme programminglanguage Scheme programminglanguage developed in the early 1980s by Jonathan A. Rees, Kent M. Pitman, and Norman I. Adams of Yale University as an experiment in language design and implementation. T s purpose is to test the thesis developed by Guy L. Steele, Jr. Steele and Gerald Jay Sussman Sussman in their series of papers about Scheme that Scheme may be used as the basis for a practical programminglanguage of exceptional expressive power, and that implementations of Scheme could perform better than other Lisp systems, and competitively with implementations of programming languages, such as C programminglanguage C and BLISS programminglanguage BLISS , which are usually considered to be inherently more efficient than Lisp on conventional machine architectures. In 1987 Stephen Slade published the book The T ProgrammingLanguage A Dialect of LISP . T contains some features that modern Scheme does not have. For example, T is object oriented , and it has first class environments, called locales , which can be modified non locally and used as a module system. T has several extra special forms ... ftp papers t manual.pdf T manual PDF from ReadScheme Category Lisp programminglanguage family Category Scheme programminglanguage cs T programovac jazyk ... more details
Infobox programminglanguage name A logo File Aplus logo.jpg paradigm array programming array year 1988 designer Arthur Whitney computer scientist Arthur Whitney developer Morgan Stanley latest release version 4.20 2 latest release date November 2006 typing dynamic typing dynamic , strong typing strong implementations A dialects influenced by APL programminglanguage APL influenced K programminglanguage K license GNU General Public License A is an array programminglanguage descendent from the programminglanguage A, which in turn was created to replace APL programminglanguage APL in 1988. ref http www.aplusdev.org About index.html The History of A sup sup at aplusdev.org ref Arthur Whitney computer scientist Arthur Whitney developed the A portion of A , while other developers at Morgan Stanley extended it, adding a graphical user interface and other language features. A was designed for numerically intensive applications, especially those found in financial applications. A runs on many Unix variants, including Linux . A is a high level, interactive, interpreted language . A provides an extended set of functions and operators, a graphical user interface with automatic synchronization of widgets and variables, asynchronous execution of functions associated with variables and events ... Arthur Whitney went on to create the K programminglanguage K language , a proprietary array language. Like J programminglanguage J , K omits the APL character set. It does not have some of the perceived ... The A programminglanguage, a different APL journal APL 90 Conference proceedings on APL 90 for the future ... A Development.org A is freely available under the GNU General Public License Category APL programminglanguage family Category Array programming languages Category Data centric programming languages ... has not yet been ported to all supported platforms. The A language implements the following changes to the APL language an A function may have up to nine formal parameters A code statements are separated ... more details
Programminglanguage lists A programminglanguage is an artificial language designed to communicate Machine ... of description. The description of a programminglanguage is usually split into the two components ..., the C programminglanguage C programminglanguage is specified by an International Organization ... Programminglanguage implementation implementation that is used as a reference implementation reference . TOC limit 4 Definitions A programminglanguage is a notation for writing computer program ... In mathematical terms, this means the programminglanguage is Turing completeness Turing complete cite ... a programminglanguage include Function and target A computer programminglanguage is a language ... or display. More generally, a programminglanguage may describe computation on some, possibly abstract, machine. It is generally accepted that a complete specification for a programminglanguage includes ... specification of a programminglanguage must, by definition, include a specification of a processor ... ref In most practical contexts, a programminglanguage involves a computer consequently programming ... of programs as they are executed on a computer. ref Programming languages differ from natural language ... language support adequate abstractions is expressed by the abstraction principle programming abstraction ... ISO SQL and Charity programminglanguage Charity are examples of languages that are not Turing complete ... is a categorical programminglanguage... , All Charity computations terminate. ref Markup languages ..., not a programminglanguage. ref Programming languages may, however, share the syntax with markup ... msdn.microsoft.com en us library ms767587 VS.85 .aspx title XSLT is a ProgrammingLanguage publisher ..., though highly specialized to the transformation of XML, is a Turing complete programminglanguage ... but also a real programminglanguage. ref The term computer language is sometimes used interchangeably with programminglanguage. ref Robert A. Edmunds, The Prentice Hall standard glossary of computer ... more details
infobox programminglanguage name S logo paradigm multi paradigm programminglanguage multi paradigm imperative programming imperative , object oriented programming object oriented year 1976 designer developer Rick Becker, Allan Wilks, John Chambers programmer John Chambers latest release version latest release date typing type system dynamic , strong typing strong implementations R programminglanguage R , S PLUS dialects influenced by C programminglanguage C , APL, PPL, Scheme influenced operating ... stat.bell labs.com S stat.bell labs.com S S is a statistical programminglanguage developed primarily ... Labs Bell Laboratories . The aim of the language, as expressed by John Chambers, is to turn ideas into software, quickly and faithfully. The two modern implementations of S are R programminglanguage ... used in statistical computing, and is consistent with other programming languages designed from the same institution at the time namely the C programminglanguage C programminglanguage . When UNIX ... of the language. The New S Language ref cite book last Becker first R.A. authorlink coauthors Chambers, J.M., and Wilks, A.R. title The New S Language A Programming Environment for Data ... of double precision only arithmetic. The New S language is very similar to that used in modern versions of S plus S PLUS and R programminglanguage R . In 1991, Statistical Models in S ref cite .... See also R programminglanguage S PLUS References reflist External links http cm.bell labs.com stat ... in the Evolution of S , by John M. Chambers DEFAULTSORT S ProgrammingLanguage Category Statistical programming languages de S Statistiksprache fr S langage de programmation ko S ja S ru ... and generic S are listed among the 100 most popular programming languages. History Old S S is one ... . Many other changes to the S language were to extend the concept of objects , and to make the syntax ... stat doc 96.7.ps Evolution of the S Language , by John M. Chambers, discusses the new features in Version ... more details
Pearl DART station PEARLprogramminglanguagePearl radio play Pearl radio play , by John Arden Pearl ...wiktionary Pearlpearl A pearl is a hard object produced by mollusks. Pearl may also refer to TOC right People Pearl given name Pearl Aday born 1975 , American singer songwriter Bruce Pearl born 1960 , American college basketball coach Daniel Pearl 1963 2002 , American journalist who was kidnapped and murdered in Pakistan Judea Pearl born 1936 , computer scientist and philosopher Minnie Pearl 1912 1996 , American country comedienne Raymond Pearl 1879 1940 , American biologist Earl Monroe born 1944 , a.k.a. Earl The Pearl , American basketball player Janis Joplin 1943 1970 , American singer songwriter Pearl is one of her nicknames Places Pearl, Ontario , Canada Pearl Islands , Panama The Pearl Qatar , an artificial island in Qatar Pearl, Illinois , United States Pearl, Kansas , United States Pearl, Michigan , United States Pearl, Mississippi , United States Pearl, United States Virgin Islands Literature The Pearl novel The Pearl novel , by John Steinbeck Pearl poem Pearl poem , a 14th century Middle English work Pearl literary magazine Pearl literary magazine , a journal founded in 1974 The Pearl magazine The Pearl magazine , a pornographic publication published 1879 1880 P.E.A.R.L. Awards , an award for paranormal romantic literature Music Pearl album Pearl album , by Janis Joplin The Pearl album The Pearl album , by Harold Budd and Brian Eno Pearls Elkie Brooks album Pearls Elkie ... Pearl song Pearl song , by Chapterhouse The Pearls , a musical group Pearl Award , an award of the Faith centered Music Association Pearl Drums , a musical instrument manufacturer Pearl , a song by Katy Perry on the album Teenage Dream Katy Perry album Teenage Dream Pearl , a song by Tommy Roe Film and television Pearl TV series Pearl TV series , a 1996 1997 sitcom Pearl miniseries Pearl miniseries , a 1978 TV series about the attack on Pearl Harbor La perla The Pearl , a 1947 film adaptation ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 Orphan date October 2008 A hybrid programminglanguage or hybrid level programminglanguage is a programminglanguage that allows different programming languages to share the same code sheet. For example, FreeBASIC has in line assembly language assembly so that low level programminglanguage lower level code can be allowed for high level programming. DEFAULTSORT Hybrid ProgrammingLanguage Category Programminglanguage classification ... more details
File PerlmuttAusst.jpg thumb left Pearls The color pearl is a pale tint of White off white . It is a representation of the average color of a pearl . dubious date October 2011 The first recorded use of pearl as a color name in English language English was in 1604 . ref Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York 1930 McGraw Hill Page 201 Color Sample of Pearl Page 111 Plate 44 Color Sample A2 ref Pearl in human culture Interior design Interior Design Pearl is a color used in interior design which when an off white tint is desired. Religion In Christianity , the entrance to Heaven is called the pearly gates . References references See also List of colors shades of white Category Shades of white ... more details
In computer software a general purpose programminglanguage GPL is a programminglanguage designed to be used for writing software in a wide variety of application domain s. In many ways a general purpose language only has this status because it does not include language constructs designed to be used within a specific application domain e.g., a page description language contains constructs intended to make it easier to write programs that control the layout of text and graphics on a page . A domain specific language is one designed to be used within a specific application domain. The following are some general purpose languages Ada programminglanguage Ada Assembly language BASIC programminglanguage C programminglanguage C C C Sharp programminglanguage C Cobol Fortran Java programminglanguage Java Lisp programminglanguage Lisp Lua programminglanguage Lua Pascal programminglanguage Pascal PL I RPG programminglanguage RPG Perl Pike programminglanguage Pike PHP Python programminglanguage Python Ruby programminglanguage Ruby Scala programminglanguage Scala Tcl Category Programming languages ar de General Purpose Language es Lenguaje de programaci n de prop sito general hu ltal nos c l programoz si nyelv simple General purpose programminglanguage zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 ISETLW Interactive SET Language for Windows is a variant of ISETL programminglanguage ISETL , and hence of the SETL programminglanguage . DEFAULTSORT Isetlw ProgrammingLanguage Category SETL programminglanguage family Compu lang stub ar ... more details
G ProgrammingLanguage may refer to G code , programminglanguage, used mainly in automation G, the graphical programminglanguage used in LabVIEW the former name of Deesel , a metaprogramming language based on Java G, a programminglanguage for rapid development of OpenGL applications Disambig ... more details
Expand list date January 2009 The following is list of researchers of programminglanguage theory , Programminglanguage design , programminglanguage implementation implementation , and related areas. Dr. Paul Abrahams, former president of Association for Computing Machinery ACM , developer of SPLASH systems programminglanguage John Backus , leader of the team that developed FORTRAN , developer of Backus Naur Form BNF Friedrich L. Bauer , co designer of ALGOL Walter Bright , designer of D programminglanguage D . Ole Johan Dahl , co inventor of Simula . Brendan Eich , designer of JavaScript . James Gosling , father of the Java programminglanguage Java programminglanguage . Rich Hickey , designer ... Anders Hejlsberg , original author of Turbo Pascal Yukihiro Matsumoto , designer of Ruby programminglanguage Ruby . John McCarthy computer scientist John McCarthy , designer of LISP Kristen Nygaard , co inventor of Simula John Ousterhout , designer of Tcl Dennis Ritchie , designer of C programminglanguage C Guido van Rossum , designer of Python programminglanguage Python Bjarne Stroustrup , designer of C Ken Thompson , designer of B programminglanguage B Niklaus Wirth , designer of Pascal programminglanguage Pascal , Modula 2 Larry Wall , designer of Perl Philip Wadler , designer of Haskell programminglanguage Haskell Martin Odersky , designer of Scala programminglanguage Scala Roberto Ierusalimschy , designer of Lua programminglanguage Lua Guy L. Steele, Jr. , co designer of Scheme programminglanguage Scheme and designer of Fortress programminglanguage Fortress Gerald Jay Sussman , co designer of Scheme programminglanguage Scheme Alain Colmerauer , creator of Prolog See also Programminglanguage List of computer scientists References reflist External links http www.cs.cmu.edu mleone language people.html Language People DEFAULTSORT Programminglanguage researchers Category Programminglanguage researchers Category Programminglanguage designers Category Lists ... more details
unreferenced date December 2011 In the programming paradigm classification of programming languages , an applicative programminglanguage is designed to support the development of programs as giving the result of a function of the combined variables. Successive functional transformations are applied to data to arrive at the result. Such a programminglanguagelanguage , with program control and total state kept in the background, may also be known as a functional language , in a rather loose sense of the term. Lisp programminglanguage Lisp and ML programminglanguage ML are applicative programming languages. In Haskell programminglanguage Haskell , this programming paradigm is developed into the applicative functor , which extends the higher order function al abstraction beyond Monad functional programming monad . See also Function level programming Applicative Universal Grammar External links http www.soi.city.ac.uk ross papers Applicative.html Applicative Programming with Effects in Haskell, 2008 by Conor McBride and Ross Paterson Category Programminglanguage classification Category Applicative computing systems ru ... more details
Notability date July 2008 Infobox programminglanguage name MetaL logo Image Metal logo.gif paradigm multi paradigm programminglanguage multi paradigm logic programming logic , functional programming functional , imperative programming imperative , object oriented programming object oriented , Constraint programming constraint , meta programming year 2001 designer Manuel Lemos developer Manuel Lemos latest release version latest release date typing dynamic typing dynamic implementations dialects XML influenced by XML influenced The Meta programmingLanguage is a programminglanguage designed for meta programming . Meta programming is a method for developing computer programs. It works by generating source code in a target language from a program specification in a higher level language. Source code written in MetaL is based on XML , the compiler engine can be used to generate the same program in potentially any target language. Currently supported target languages are PHP , Java programminglanguage Java and Perl . The support for other languages can be added any time. ref http www.meta language.net faq.html MetaL Frequently asked questions Bot generated title ref References references Category Multi paradigm programming languages Category Functional logic programming languages Category Logic programming languages Category Dynamically typed programming languages Category Prototype based programming languages Category Programming languages created in 2001 compu lang stub ... more details
citations missing article date April 2007 Microsoft Visual ProgrammingLanguage , or MVPL , is a visual programming and dataflow programminglanguage developed by Microsoft for the Microsoft Robotics Studio . The Microsoft Visual ProgrammingLanguage is distinguished from other Microsoft programming languages such as Visual Basic and C , as it is the only Microsoft language that is a true visual programminglanguage . Microsoft has utilized the term Visual in its previous programming products to reflect that a large degree of development in these languages can be performed by dragging and dropping in a traditional wysiwyg fashion. See also Portal Software Dataflow programming Visual programming languages Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio External links http msdn.microsoft.com en us library bb964572.aspx Microsoft Visual ProgrammingLanguage Category Robot programming languages Category Visual programming languages bn ru Microsoft Visual ProgrammingLanguage ... more details
There are two EML programming languages Extended ML , which is actually a specification language , and the Extensible ML programminglanguage For the EML file type see Email disambig ... more details
About the search strategy the cultivation of pearls Cultured pearl Orphan date April 2010 Pearl growing is a metaphor taken from the process of small bits of sand growing to make a beautiful pearl, which is used in information literacy . Pearl Growing is in this context the process of using one information item like a subject term or citation to find more information. This search strategy is most successfully employed at the beginning of the research process as the searcher uncovers new pearl s about his or her topic. Citation pearl growing Citation pearl growing is the act of using one relevant source, or citation , to find more relevant sources on a topic. The searcher usually has a document that matches a topic or information need. From this document, the searcher is able to find other keywords, descriptors and themes to use in a subsequent search. ref Markey, K. & Cochrane, P. 1981. ONTAP Online Training and Practice Manual for ERIC Database Searchers, 2nd edn, Syracuse University, N.Y. October 1981. ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources. ref Citation Pearl Growing is a popular search and retrieval method used by librarian s. ref Ramer, S. 2005 . Site ation pearl growing Methods .... http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 80 pmc articles PMC1175807 ref Subject pearl growing Subject pearl growing ... or Keyword computer programming keyword descriptors. By clicking on one Subject term subject , the searcher ... to the search. Internet pearl growing Searchers use the pearl growing technique when surfing ... move from site to site, collecting information. Ramer 2005 suggests pearl growing by using the pearl ... External links http newadonis.creighton.edu HSL searching PearlGrowing.html Citation Pearl Growing from Creighton University http choo.fis.utoronto.ca fis courses lis1325 Pearl.html Pearl Growing Technique by Chun Wei Choo at University of Toronto Category Information science DEFAULTSORT Pearl Growing sv Pearl growing ... more details
Notability date January 2011 No footnotes date January 2011 Infobox programminglanguage name Cel logo paradigm prototype based programming Prototype based year 1998 designer developer latest release version 0.8.5 latest release date February 24, 2002 typing dynamic typing dynamic implementations Cel dialects influenced by Smalltalk , Self programminglanguage Self , Forth programminglanguage Forth , NewtonScript , Objective C , Python programminglanguage Python Cel is an object oriented prototype based programminglanguage based on Self programminglanguage Self and Smalltalk . As of 2002 it is no longer being supported or developed, but the code is freely available and functional. The language was started by Dru Nelson in 1998. External links http www.redwoodsoft.com dru cel Cel ProgrammingLanguage home page Category Dynamically typed programming languages Category Object oriented programming languages Category Prototype based programming languages compu lang stub ... more details
Infobox programminglanguage name Orwell logo paradigm Lazy evaluation Lazy , Functional programming functional year 1984 designer Philip Wadler developer latest release version X.Y.Z release date mf yes YYYY MM DD latest release date typing implementations dialects influenced by Miranda programminglanguage Miranda influenced Haskell programminglanguage Haskell operating system license website file ext Orwell is a small Lazy evaluation lazy functional programming functional programminglanguage first released in 1984 by Philip Wadler . Developed as a free alternative to Miranda programminglanguage Miranda , it was a forerunner of Haskell programminglanguage Haskell . It was one of the first programming languages to support list comprehensions and pattern matching . The name is a tribute to George Orwell s novel Nineteen Eighty Four . References cite journal last Wadler first P.L. coauthors et al. year 1988 title Introduction to Orwell 5.00 publisher Programming Research Group of Oxford University Category Functional languages Category Haskell programminglanguage family compu lang stub ... more details
Bertrand named after Bertrand Russell is a computer programminglanguage for creating constraint programming systems. The language was created by Wm Leler in the mid 1980s as part of his doctoral research. Bertrand has a declarative programming syntax and differentiates itself from other programming languages by use of a technique called augmented term rewriting . References Wm Leler, Constraint Programming Languages, Their Specification and Generation , Addison Wesley, 1988. ISBN 0 321 24678 0 Category Constraint programming ... more details
Infobox programminglanguage name Goo paradigm multi paradigm programminglanguage multi paradigm functional programminglanguage functional , object oriented year 2003 designer Jonathan Bachrach latest release version 0.153 latest release date latest test version 0.155 latest test date typing strong, dynamic influenced by Scheme programminglanguage Scheme , Dylan programminglanguage Dylan operating system license GNU General Public License website http www.googoogaga.org www.googoogaga.org GOO is a Lexical scope lexically scoped , Dynamic programminglanguage dynamic , Type system type based , object oriented programminglanguage . It is designed to be simple, productive, powerful, extensible, dynamic, efficient and real time. It heavily leverages features from many earlier languages. In particular, it attempts to be a simpler, more dynamic, Lisp programminglanguage lisp syntaxed Dylan programminglanguage Dylan and an object oriented Scheme programminglanguage Scheme . GOO s main goal is to offer the best of both scripting and delivery languages while at the same time incorporating an extreme back to basics philosophy. It does not appear to be actively maintained the last release available from the website was made in November 2003. External links http people.csail.mit.edu jrb goo Goo language home page Category Lisp programminglanguage family Category Functional languages Category Dynamic programming languages Category Object oriented programming languages Category Free compilers and interpreters ... more details
Notability date September 2009 Onyx is a stack oriented programminglanguage . External links http www.canonware.com onyx Onyx Home Page Category Stack oriented programming languages Category Concatenative programming languages Compu lang stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 ISETL Interactive SET Language is a variant of the SETL programminglanguage widely used in discrete mathematics . See also ISETLW programminglanguage ISETLW , Interactive SET Language for Windows DEFAULTSORT Isetl ProgrammingLanguage Category SETL programminglanguage family Compu lang stub ar fr Isetl ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 A Wiktionary lightweight lightweight programminglanguage is one that is designed to have very small memory footprint , is easy to implement important when porting a language , and or has computing minimalism minimalist syntax and features. Examples of lightweight languages C programminglanguage C may be said to be lightweight, as its computer hardware hardware assumptions are minimal it is used to program microcontroller s, for example Lua programminglanguage Lua is embedded in many applications, like computer game game s, to provide runtime scripting capabilities Forth programminglanguage Forth Io programminglanguage Io Squirrel programminglanguage Squirrel Newlisp newLisp Category Computer programming Compu lang stub ja ... more details
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