Chembox Watchedfields changed ImageFile Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageFile PhIP.svg ImageName PhIP IUPACName 2 amino 1 methyl 6 phenylimidazo 4,5 b pyridine OtherNames PhIP Section1 Chembox Identifiers ... OtherAnions OtherCations OtherCpds 2 Amino 1 methyl 6 phenylimidazo 4,5 b pyridine PhIP is one ... IARC 1997 PhIP 2 amino 1 methyl 6 phenylimidazo 4,5 b pyridine Group 2B . Summaries & Evaluations .... 2011 . Report on Carcinogens, 12th ed., p. 222. ref PhIP is formed at high temperatures from the reaction between creatine or creatinine found in muscle meats , amino acids , and sugar. PhIP formation ..., as well as the variety of meat being cooked. There is inadequate evidence in humans that PhIP ... models, for the carcinogenicity of PhIP. ref name Cross Cross, A., & Sinha, R. 2004 Meat Related Mutagens ... 45 55. ref Sources of PhIPPhIP has been found in cooked beef, pork, chicken, and fish products at concentrations up to 70 ng g. ref name IARC Estimates of PhIP intake, from the HCA database, suggest that the mean daily intake of PhIP is between 43 and 110 ng day. ref Sinha, R., et al. 2001 . Dietary ... Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 10 559 562. ref However, exposure to PhIP depends on the eating habits ..., cooking method, and quantity consumed. PhIP can be quantitatively measured as low as 0.1 ppb ... directly bind to PhIP and prevent absorption, flavonoids, known inhibitors of metabolic activation ... assessment to PhIP. Thus, the dose exposure plays a major role in individual risk related to PhIP ... PhIP and cooking methods Early studies looking at the amount of PhIP in cooked meats have shown that a high level of exposure is possible. However, more recent studies estimate exposure to PhIP and other ... rare, medium, well done, and very well done . The measured values of PhIP varied with the cut of beef, cooking method, and doneness level. In general, PhIP was the predominant HCA form. ref name ... 4,5 b pyridine PhIP occur in chicken but are dependent on the cooking method. Cancer Res. 55 4516 ... more details
4,5 f quinoxaline MeIQx 1981 2 Amino 1 methyl 6 phenylimiazo 4,5 b pyridine PhIP 1986 The compounds ... potent carcinogens than PhIP , the compound most commonly found as a result of normal cooking procedures ... M, Shirai T. 1997 . Carcinogenicity of 2 amino 1 methyl 6 phenylimidazo 4,5 b pyridine PhIP in the rat ... 1395 PhIP n.d. 68 5783 n.d. none detected Ground Beef Consumption in the U.S. File Meat Consumption ... Men, ng kg day PhIP 6.0 6.2 MeIQx 1.1 1.2 DiMeQx 0.20 0.21 IQ .23 .18 African American males had ... Asian Pacific Islander PhIP 6.1 12.0 10.0 MeIQx 1.2 1.8 1.9 DiMeQx 0.23 0.51 0.27 IQ 0.16 0.24 0.29 ... terms studies of rats showed that PhIP causes cancer of the colon and mammary gland in rats. ref name Nobuyuki Female rats given doses of 0, 12.4, 25, 50, 100 or 200 ppm of PhIP in their feed showed a dose dependent incidence of adenocarcinomas. The offspring of female rats who were exposed to PhIP ... exposed. This was true even for the offspring that were not exposed to any PhIP themselves. PhIP was also ... with intakes of MeIQx greater than or equal to 19.9 ng.day, but the trend was not as strong as for PhIP ... association between red meat, PhIP, and bladder cancer, ref Ferrucci LM, Sinha R, Ward MH, Graubard ... in 2002. MeIQ, MeIQx, and PhIP were added to the list of anticipated carcinogens in 2004. ref name ..., MeIQx with lung cancer, IQ with breast cancer, and PhIP with stomach and breast cancer. ref name DHHSPHS ... more details
unsourced date January 2009 Philip Cheng Cheong tat March 28, 1980 September 26, 2000 , was one of the most promising apprentice jockeys from Hong Kong in recent years. He had 25 winners in his short career and was second among apprentices with 16 wins in the 1999 2000 season. In the summer of 2000, Cheng spent the summer in Great Britain for trainer Gary Moore , and finished second in an apprentices race at Epsom . On September 23, 2000, he was kicked in the head and chest area by his mount My Fourth Wishes after it had stumbled, and would succumb to his injuries in hospital three days later. Cheng s death was the second in the Hong Kong racing scene in 19 months, following Willy Kan s death in March 1999. Phip Cheng s death shocked the world. He was the subject of a Hot Water Sex Bottle song entitled Philip Cheng Cheong, Why d You Leave Hong Kong? . 2008 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Cheng, Philip ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1980 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 2000 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Cheng, Philip Category 1980 births Cheng, Philip Category 2000 deaths Cheng, Philip Category Hong Kong jockeys Cheng, Philip Category Jockeys killed while racing Cheng, Philip Category Sport deaths in Hong Kong horseracing bio stub HK sport bio stub ... more details
other people Joseph Palmer Joseph Palmer 1716 1788 was an American general during the American Revolutionary War . Palmer was born at Shaugh Prior , Devon shire, England , on March 31, 1716, a son of John and Joan Palmer, n e Pearse. He married Mary Cranch on the April 4, 1746, at Ermington, Devon Ermington and emigrated to Massachusetts later that year with his brother in law Richard Cranch. In 1752 they built a glassworks in Germantown Quincy, Massachusetts Germantown , now a part of Quincy, Massachusetts . Later they built a chocolate mill and spermaceti and salt factories. By the 1770s Palmer had become a supporter of American independence. He fought in the Battle of Lexington and served in the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and on the Cambridge Committee of Safety . He sent Israel Bissell on his ride to warn that the war with Britain had begun. He received a commission as a colonel in the Massachusetts militia and as brigadier for Suffolk County, Massachusetts , in 1776. He went on intelligence gathering missions in Vermont and Rhode Island and, as brigadier general, led a failed attack on Newport, Rhode Island . After the war, he returned to his businesses. Heavy debt forced him to leave Germantown and he started a salt factory on the Boston Neck in 1784. Palmer died four years later at his home in Dorchester, Massachusetts on December 25, 1788. blockquote Wednesday morning near 10 of the clock Watertown. To all the friends of American liberty be it known that this morning before break of day, a brigade, consisting of about 1,000 to 1,200 men landed at Phip s Farm at Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge and marched to Lexington, Massachusetts Lexington , where they found a company of our colony militia in arms, upon whom they fired without any provocation and killed six men and wounded four others. By an express from Boston, we find another brigade are now upon their march from Boston supposed to be about 1,000. The Bearer, Israel Bissell, is charged to alarm ... more details
Hyperpolarization is the spin physics nuclear spin polarization of a material far beyond thermal equilibrium conditions. Ref textbook It is commonly applied to gases such as Isotopes of xenon sup 129 sub Xe and helium 3 sup 3 sup He which are then used, for instance, in hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging magnetic resonance imaging MRI of the lungs. Other methods for hyperpolarization include Dynamic nuclear polarisation Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation DNP for solid materials at cryogenic temperatures and Spin isomers of hydrogen para hydrogen used in chemical reactions in liquid solutions PHIP . DNP of nuclei like carbon 13 sup 13 sup C or nitrogen 15 sup 15 sup N at typically 1 K can be coupled with subsequent rapid dissolution yielding a room temperature solution containing hyperpolarized nuclei. Ref DNP dissolution This liquid can be used in in vivo metabolic imaging Ref DNP MRI for oncology Ref DNP tumour and other applications. The sup 13 sup C polarization level in the solid is reported as e.g. 64 5 for a specific setup, Ref DNP64 and the losses during dissolution and transfer of the sample for actual Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR or MRI measurements can be minimized to a few percent. sup 129 sup Xe hyperpolarization sup 129 sup Xe gas, which is spin 1 2, can achieve a hyperpolarized state with spin lattice relaxation time T1 of 70 min in ice. sup 129 sup Xe hyperpolarization can generate 10 sup 4 sup 10 sup 5 sup signal enhancement relative to the normal Boltzmann distribution of nuclear spins. This process is accomplished through spin exchange optical pumping, which involves the transfer of angular momentum from circularly polarized light to an alkali metal Rb here . With the aid of a quenching gas like nitrogen, polarized Rb quickly interacts with the nuclear spin of xenon through dipolar coupling. Great improvements in sup 129 sup hyperpolarization technology have achieved 50 level at flow rates of 1 2 L min, which enables human clinical applications. ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2010 Image Bissel Israel.png thumb 1776 reprint of broadside delivered by Bissell Israel Bissell 1752 1823 was a post rider in Massachusetts who alerted the American colonists of the Kingdom of Great Britain British attack on April 19, 1775. He rode for four days and six hours covering the 345 miles from Watertown, Massachusetts to Philadelphia along the Old Post Road , shouting To arms, to arms, the war has begun, and carrying a message from General Joseph Palmer American Revolutionary War general Joseph Palmer which was copied at each of his stops and redistributed Wednesday morning near 10 of the clock Watertown. To all the friends of American liberty be it known that this morning before break of day, a brigade, consisting of about 1,000 to 1,200 men landed at Phip s Farm at Cambridge and marched to Lexington, where they found a company of our colony militia in arms, upon whom they fired without any provocation and killed six men and wounded four others. By an express from Boston, we find another brigade are now upon their march from Boston supposed to be about 1,000. The Bearer, Israel Bissell, is charged to alarm the country quite to Connecticut and all persons are desired to furnish him with fresh horses as they may be needed. I have spoken with several persons who have seen the dead and wounded. Pray let the delegates from this colony to Connecticut see this. J. Palmer, one of the Committee of Safety. At the end of Bissell s first leg, in Worcester, his first horse collapsed and died from having been driven so hard. Bissell then returned to Connecticut, where he joined the army alongside his brother, Justis. After the war, he moved to Middlefield, Massachusetts . Bissell died in 1823 and was buried in the Maple Street Cemetery in Hinsdale, Massachusetts . Timeline of 1775 ride April 19, 10 am, Watertown, Massachusetts April 19, noon, Worcester, Massachusetts Pomfret, Connecticut April 20, 11 am, Brooklyn, Connecticut April 20, 4 pm, ... more details
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